Fiber-Based Telecommunications

Infrastructure for Residential Multi-Dwelling

Units

Guy Swindell, RCDDOFS

Fiber-Based Infrastructure for Residential Multi-Dwelling Units• The Market

– FTTH Update– Fiber-in-the-MDU

• The Technologies– PON/P2P– Satellite Video Solutions

• The Physical Plant– Optical Fiber Media– Connectivity Considerations– Splitters/Couplers

• High-Rise Scenarios– Conventional Approach– Aggregation “Spooled Plug and Play” Approach

The New Application for FTTH:Condominium and Apartment Units (i.e. MDU)

Drop NetworkSolutions

Why Fiber to Each MDU Unit? Bandwidth Growth Exceeding the Capacity of Metallic Media

Source: Technology futures and OFS

Text Pictures Video HD SHD 3D

.0288.0144

.0024

0.0003

.0560

10024

6.01.5

0

0.001

0.01

1

10

100

1,000

1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

Year

Nom

inal

Dat

a R

ate

(Mb/

s)

AnalogModems

Digital

42% annual growth Increasing 4 times

every 4 years0.1

2008: Service Providers and some MSOs

10,000

1,000

Copper SpeedLimit

Fiber:No limit!!

ProjectedData

H.262 or MPEG-2

H.264 or MPEG-4

Standard Definition (SD) 480p 249 7 2High Definition (HD) 1080i/720p 1,493 16 8

Growing Fast Very High Definition (VHD) 1080p 2,986 32 16

Super HD 2160p 14,930 100 50

Ultra HD 4320p 59,720 400 200

Mature

New Standards

2D Video Format Mb/s Native per stream

Mb/s (compressed)

Market Drivers: VideoHigher definition and more bandwidth in IP format

Multiple streams/downloads/uploads will need 100 Mb/s – 1 Gb/s per unit symmetrical

* ITU Recommendation J.601, Transport of Large Scale Digital Imagery (LSDI) applications

Source: OFS Estimates from Industry Data

Today

Market Drivers: 3D Video On Display at the 2008 Consumer Electronics Show

Multiple streams/downloads/uploads need 1 Gb/s – 10 Gb/s per unit symmetrical

Std Definition17,695 280 63

High Definition 3D111,974 400 280

Super Definition 3D398,131 500 796

Ultra Definition 3D1,542,758 600 2,571

Mb/s compressed

Mb/s Native per stream

Comp. Ratio3D

Source: OFS Estimates and Assumptions from Industry Data

The MarketMDU’s Lagging 4 to 1 Behind Single Family Units in 2008

The good news: Barriers are being broken Recent Progress

•Difficulties gaining city-wide video franchises NYC granted Verizon franchise, others in progress

•Exclusive MDU owner agreements with service providers

FCC ruling now forbids such agreements

•High cost to build fiber networks in buildings, particularly existing buildings – up to $500 per unit

Recently overcome by new technology.

FTTH March2008

Living Units Passed * (M)

Total US Living Units (M) *

Passed by FTTH

Single Family 11.0 126 9%MDU 0.8 33 2%

The Technologies

The Technologies: P2P/ESON

Ethernet Switched Optical Network (ESON)

1 - 10 SM fibers

Ethernet Switch(s)

100 - 1000 subscribers

300 m to 20 KM

OLT

ONT

1 or 2 SM or 2 MM fibers to

each home

5 – 40 KMTypical distance range

1550 nm 1310 nmWavelengths:

1 fiber per subscriber

The Technologies: EPON/GPON

1 fiber per 32 subscribers

1550 nm*

OLT 1490 nm

CO/HE

WDM

CATVEDFA Power Splitter1:32

1310 nm-Defined in IEEE 802.3ah and ITU G.984.2-1.25 Gb/s Symmetrical (EPON)-2.48 Gb/s downstream/1.24 Gb/s upstream (GPON)-20 km max from CO/HE to subscriber

1 fiber per subscriber

Technology Roadmap: 10 Gb/s EPON/GPON

1 fiber per 32 subscribers

1577 or 1590 nm

OLT

CO/HE

WDM

CATVEDFA Power Splitter1:32

1270 nm -10 Gb/s symmetrical bandwidth through a standard PON footprint.-Supported by IEEE 10 Gig-E standard.

New Technology: Satellite Video for the MDU over Fiber

On the roof

On the wall

New Technology: Satellite Video for the MDU over Fiber

Telecom Room

Individual Apartments(up to 512)

1-fiber per apartment

1530 & 1550 nm

Optical Splitters andFiber Management

Singlemode Fiber

Sat-Video over Fiber versus QAM*

QAM system• If the content or modulation on the

satellite transponder changes then the QAM receiver has to rescan the QAM channels. This issue can result in numerous trouble calls when content becomes unavailable.

• The QAM system requires special QAM receivers or peripheral devices added to a standard Satellite receiver.

• Outside ingress noise prevents the use of some channels and will results in periodic service interruptions on other channels.

• QAM systems require several racks of equipment.

Dish Optical Network• Content moves and modulation

changes can take place and the receiver will track it like a standard residential system with no service interruptions.

• Dish Optical Network uses standard satellite receivers.

• Fiber based system is immune to ingress noise, so there is no system degradation.

• The Dish Optical Network can be installed on a wall in minutes.

* Courtesy of Echostar®

Sat-Video Over Fiber Versus L-band system*

Standard L-band system• Banks of cascaded switches take

up more headend space and switches have to be located within 200ft of the receiver.

• Building the banks of switches and running the distribution is more time consuming and difficult.

• Requires additional signal conditioning (amplification and equalization) for larger systems and longer distances.

Dish Optical Network• Uses less space in the headend.• The Dish Optical Network can be

installed on a wall in minutes.• Optical system can be distributed

over larger MDUs and distances without signal degradation.

* Courtesy of Echostar®

MDU Video: Equipment Room Space

Dish Optical Network

QAM* L-Band*

* Photo provided by Echostar®

The Infrastructure

Infrastructure: Optical Fiber

•PON and Sat-Video are engineered to operate over standard dispersion-unshifted singlemode fiber: ITU G.652D.

•The relevant standards for the Optical Waveguide are ITU G.652D and G.657 categories of fiber.

•A G.657 fiber should be backward compatible with G.652D but with improved bending performance.

•Bending performance is vital due to wavelengths > 1550 nm.

Infrastructure: Wavelengths and Bending Loss

1385 nm:

1310 nm:

1490 nm: Current PON DownstreamWavelength

1550 nm: Sat-Video

1625 nm:

Typical Bending Loss (dB)one 15 mm diameter turn

1260 nm:

20 10 0

Conventional SM Fiber

1590 nm: Next-Gen PON

Infrastructure: Wavelengths and Bending Loss

50 times lower loss in this comparison

100 times lower in some cases

1550 nm, 10 mm cable diameter

Conventional SMF

(G.657)

The ITU G.657 Standard

ITU Std Bend Radius (mm)

# of Turns

Wavelength ITU Std(dB)Max.

G . 6 5 7 A

10 1 1550 nm1625 nm

0.751.5

15 10 1550 nm1625 nm

0.251.0

G.657 B

7.5 1 1550 nm1625 nm

0.51.0

10 1 1550 nm1625 nm

0.10.2

15 10 1550 nm1625 nm

0.030.1

Beyond B(no std)_

5 1 1550 nm1625 nm

0.1

Infrastructure: Beyond G.657

Why Go Beyond G.657?

Singlemode Drop Cable(basement)

Why Go Beyond G.657?

8 Singlemode Drop Cables Stapled in attic.

Routed behind drywall.

Infrastructure (Connectivity): Reflectance

APC – 8 degree angle of end-face

Reflections leave core due to angle

UPC – no angle of end-face

Reflections propagate back through fiber

PON With RF Video requires APC. Sat-Video requires UPC. In either case, reflectance performance is not normally possible with field polishing.

Infrastructure (Connectivity): Minimize Hardware

No Fiber Management

Installing Splice-On Connector

Infrastructure: Splitters and Couplers

Sat-Video Txt

1x256

Receiver

PON OLT

1x32

PON ONT

Infrastructure (Splitters/Couplers): Packaging and Performance

•Placement Flexibility:– Distributed and spliced, or– Installed in the equipment room

•Performance:– Operate at the required wavelengths– Reliable in an outside environment– Low loss– Applicable standards:

Telcordia GR1209 and GR1221 FIT Rate Testing (mean time to

failure)

Infrastructure (Splitters/Couplers): WDM Module

•Combines wavelengths for video, data, telephony onto a single fiber.

– Used with traditional PON at the central office.

– May need to be located at the MDU complex for Sat-Video.

•Typically engineered for LGX Shelves.

•One device can multiplex multiple inputs.

High Rise Scenarios

MDU Fiber to the UnitConventional Method

OSP Closure

Distribution Boxes Feed Living Units

Building

FDC

Labor Cost

Material Cost

Velocity

Connectors or Splice to drop

Fusion Splice

ONT

Fiber Distribution Cabinet (FDC) housing splitters/cross connect

FDH

Spooled Plug and Play SystemNew Approach for last 100 meters

OSP Closure

Ceiling

Floor

Terminal

FDH

Improves the Business Case

Lower first cost• up to 6x lower Labor • Low Skill installation

Higher Velocity

• up to 6X faster than conventional

•Deploy faster to win revenue faster

Drop ONTCombiner

MDU Spooled Plug and Play System - Example

FDH Combiner TerminalSpooled Backbone TechnologyCompact

Splitter Module

Bend Optimized G.657A Fiber

Ultra-Bend Insensitive Fiber – Beyond G.657B

Drop Cable

MDU Spooled Plug and Play System - Example

Summary Points:

• Fiber-in-the-MDU is a current reality and a growth market.

• PON, P2P, and Satellite-Video solutions are the primary fiber-in-the-MDU technologies.

• FTTH and FTT-Apartment use primarily singlemode media. G.657A Beyond G.657 Solutions

• Designs must accommodate optical reflectance, splitters, WDM’s, bend-sensitive wavelengths, etc.

• Aggregation “Spooled Plug and Play” techniques are an optional approach for high-rise applications.

Questions?

Guy Swindell, RCDDApplications Engineering ManagerOFSgswindell@ofsoptics.com