FIA Phase 2 (P2) Down Woody Material (DWM) Update

FIA Phase 2 (P2) Down Woody FIA Phase 2 (P2) Down Woody Material (DWM) UpdateMaterial (DWM) Update

Larry T. DeBlander User Group Webinar

April 13, 2010Ogden, UT

FIA P2 DWM UpdateFIA P2 DWM Update

1. DWM-general background2. IWFIA P2 DWM-data analysis3. IWFIA P2 DWM-examples of data

uses4. Future P2 DWM-national vs.

regional

Definition of DWMDefinition of DWMDead material within forests in various stages of decay

such as fallen trees, branches, and leaf litter

Three main uses of DWM Three main uses of DWM information:information:

1. Major component of forest biomass and carbon.

2. Fuels information for fire modeling and fire effects.

3. Wildlife/structure information.

Six Major DWM ComponentsSix Major DWM Components

Coarse Woody Debris (CWD)

Duff

Fine Woody Debris(FWD)

Litter

Line Intersect Sampling (LIS)Line Intersect Sampling (LIS)

All FWD and CWD pieces that intersect the plane of the transect are tallied by

transect diameter transect

DWM pieces

Fuel-Hour Classes (CWD and FWD)Fuel-Hour Classes (CWD and FWD)Transect Diameter Class Name Hour-Class

0.00-0.24 inches Small FWD 1-hour

0.25-0.99 inches

Medium FWD 10-hour

1.00-2.99 inches Large FWD 100-hour

3.00+ inches CWD 1000+-hour

The fuel "hour" class corresponds to the fuel diameter and is a direct reference to the amount of time it takes for an idealized cylinder of vegetation of that size to reach

equilibrium moisture content (the amount of time it takes for the material to dry out after being completely wet/soaked).

WildlifeWildlife

The DWM Inventory describes the amount

and condition of wildlife habitat through

estimation of coarse woody debris

attributes.

Point samplingPoint samplingAll Duff and Litter is sampled for depth and averaged by condition

Phase 3 DWM transect designPhase 3 DWM transect design

Key

430°

150°

270°

30°

150°

270°

30°

150°

270°

30°

150°

270°

3

2

1

Transect Information

FWD < 0.25”& 0.26”-0.99”

FWD 1.00”-2.99”

CWD => 3.00”

6 ft. s.d.

10 ft. s.d.

24 ft. h.d.

s.d.= slope dist., h.d.=horizontal dist.

Sub -plot

CWD Transect

FWD Transect

Distances between sub-plot points: 120 ft., Distance from sub-plot center and microplot center: 12 ft., Distance betweenSub-plot 1 and sub-plots 2, 3, and 4: 207.8 ft. at angles (degrees) 150, 210, and 270 respectively.

Litter and duff depth

12 - 24 ft transects for

CWD = 288 feet

IWFIA P2 Transect DesignIWFIA P2 Transect Design

• Three - 120 ft transects for CWD = 360 feet

• Three FWD transects at endpoints

• Three duff/litter point samples at transect endpoints

Number of DWM plots by State (P2 vs. P3) :Number of DWM plots by State (P2 vs. P3) :

StateState IWFIA P2 DWM IWFIA P2 DWM 2006-20092006-2009

P3 DWM P3 DWM 2001-20092001-2009

ArizonaArizona 1,534 (3,835)1,534 (3,835) 178 (196)178 (196)

ColoradoColorado 1,645 (4,113)1,645 (4,113) 214 (256)214 (256)

IdahoIdaho 1,524 (3,810)1,524 (3,810) 131 (183)131 (183)

MontanaMontana 1,818 (4,545)1,818 (4,545) 186 (242)186 (242)

Utah*Utah* 1,039 (3,460)1,039 (3,460) 167 (182)167 (182)

TotalTotal 7,560 (19,762)7,560 (19,762) 929 (1,112)929 (1,112)

*Does not yet include 2009 plots Plots in parenthesis are projected totals for a full cycle


1. P2 DWM-general background2. IWFIA P2 DWM-data analysis3. IWFIA P2 DWM-examples of data


regional

Data AnalysisData AnalysisObjective--Analyze IWFIA’s P2 CWD

biomass data to determine the effects of transect lengths on the confidence of estimates by forest types of varying average biomass and sample size.

Purpose--To use this empirical data to help decide on an efficient national DWM protocol design.

Assumptions:1.The CWD transect design dictates the overall

layout for all DWM components (CWD, litter/duff, FWD, etc).

2.This analysis contained four years of data for five annual states, which is about equivalent to doubling a full-cycle compliment of plots for one state.

Factors affecting analysis:– Not all plots sample one condition.– Not all plots sample 360 feet of transect length due to

snow, water, hazardous conditions, etc.– Analysis sub-sampled a possible 7,560 plots for those

with (1 condition and 360 feet) of transect sampled in order to compare transects of equal length.

– This resulted in 5,734 plots that sampled 57,329 pieces of CWD for this analysis.

Methods:• Calculated the average biomass of CWD pieces

by plot for 4 transect length samples (1-48’, 3-48’, 3-72’, 3-120’).

• Calculated percent standard errors by forest type and the 4 different transect lengths.

• Focused on the effects of percent standard errors on: 1) number of pieces/plots by forest type 2) high biomass types vs. low biomass types.

IWFIA P2 CWD Transect Design

• Three - 48 ft transects on subplots

• Three – 72 ft transects between subplots

Forest typenumber of

piecesn=# of plots

1-48' tons/ac

3-48' (144')

tons/ac

3-72' (216')

tons/ac

3-120' (360')

tons/ac

48' % std.

err.

144' % std.

err.

216' % std.

err.

360' % std.

err.Western redcedar 959 44 20.69 15.65 14.19 14.77 25.2 18.3 11.0 11.8 <10 Engelmann spruce-subalpine fir 3,601 153 11.99 11.24 11.63 11.48 10.1 7.1 7.2 6.6Western larch 1,311 61 10.52 10.42 11.81 11.25 14.2 11.7 14.7 12.5Subalpine fir 6,275 318 10.10 10.39 10.50 10.46 8.2 5.9 5.6 5.2Southwest white pine 18 2 11.98 5.57 13.16 10.12 100.0 88.0 54.8 62.1Blue spruce 283 13 6.13 9.34 10.40 9.97 22.5 37.2 14.4 17.0Western hemlock 426 18 10.13 10.16 8.95 9.43 20.8 16.1 12.6 12.6Engelmann spruce 5,193 300 8.05 8.97 9.52 9.30 9.1 6.0 6.4 5.9Grand fir 1,728 109 8.51 8.58 9.59 9.19 14.4 9.3 10.2 8.5Lodgepole pine 10,560 482 7.87 8.33 7.81 8.02 6.6 7.6 7.5 7.1Mountain hemlock 200 19 8.13 9.14 6.31 7.44 32.6 26.7 34.9 28.6 10-20White fir 559 32 5.14 6.11 7.30 6.82 25.7 14.8 13.9 11.6Whitebark pine 526 45 4.97 5.20 6.50 5.98 21.5 16.9 18.6 16.0Cottonwood-willow 21 2 4.25 6.47 4.48 5.28 52.3 70.2 87.9 79.2Foxtail-bristlecone pine 37 2 4.14 2.74 6.60 5.05 100.0 39.9 45.4 44.2Western white pine 23 2 1.36 4.11 5.16 4.74 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0Aspen 4,875 267 4.95 4.63 4.80 4.73 12.5 7.9 8.1 7.2Douglas-fir 10,067 853 4.61 4.62 4.68 4.66 6.3 4.4 4.1 3.8Limber pine 210 27 4.79 2.19 5.02 3.89 30.4 32.4 30.6 24.2Ponderosa pine 2,844 520 2.30 2.51 2.98 2.79 10.5 7.0 6.5 5.5 20-30Paper birch 41 5 0.93 1.95 3.33 2.78 91.7 32.9 27.8 27.7Nonstocked 2,406 481 2.54 2.35 2.52 2.45 13.2 10.3 9.7 9.1Cottonwood 116 15 3.84 2.66 1.67 2.07 40.1 31.2 39.9 29.4Intermountain maple woodland 55 16 0.61 1.08 2.70 2.06 86.1 71.8 83.1 80.6Misc. western softwoods 22 4 0.00 1.22 2.57 2.03 #DIV/0! 51.9 63.4 53.7Evergreen oak woodland 335 95 1.79 1.84 1.81 1.82 26.9 25.6 21.0 18.8 >30 Pinyon-juniper woodland 3,522 1,060 1.27 1.40 1.28 1.33 10.6 6.6 5.6 5.1Western juniper 29 14 1.43 1.32 0.86 1.05 49.2 53.9 51.4 41.5Deciduous oak woodland 557 247 1.09 1.01 1.05 1.03 24.9 18.6 15.5 15.2Rocky Mountain juniper 167 75 0.56 0.74 1.04 0.92 37.9 23.1 25.8 21.7Cercocarpus woodland 23 16 0.46 0.43 0.48 0.46 62.0 65.5 39.1 48.2Juniper woodland 336 390 0.18 0.20 0.28 0.25 25.8 22.9 22.7 18.8Mesquite woodland 4 46 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.02 #DIV/0! 100.0 66.0 60.3Misc. western hardwoods woodland 0 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 57,329 5,734 4.78 5.32 5.11


piecesn=# of plots

1-48' tons/ac

3-48' (144')

tons/ac

3-72' (216')

tons/ac

3-120' (360')

tons/ac

48' % std.

err.

144' % std.

err.

216' % std.

err.

360' % std.

err.Pinyon-juniper woodland 3,522 1,060 1.27 1.40 1.28 1.33 10.6 6.6 5.6 5.1 <10 Douglas-fir 10,067 853 4.61 4.62 4.68 4.66 6.3 4.4 4.1 3.8Ponderosa pine 2,844 520 2.30 2.51 2.98 2.79 10.5 7.0 6.5 5.5Lodgepole pine 10,560 482 7.87 8.33 7.81 8.02 6.6 7.6 7.5 7.1Nonstocked 2,406 481 2.54 2.35 2.52 2.45 13.2 10.3 9.7 9.1Juniper woodland 336 390 0.18 0.20 0.28 0.25 25.8 22.9 22.7 18.8Subalpine fir 6,275 318 10.10 10.39 10.50 10.46 8.2 5.9 5.6 5.2Engelmann spruce 5,193 300 8.05 8.97 9.52 9.30 9.1 6.0 6.4 5.9Aspen 4,875 267 4.95 4.63 4.80 4.73 12.5 7.9 8.1 7.2Deciduous oak woodland 557 247 1.09 1.01 1.05 1.03 24.9 18.6 15.5 15.2Engelmann spruce-subalpine fir 3,601 153 11.99 11.24 11.63 11.48 10.1 7.1 7.2 6.6 10-20Grand fir 1,728 109 8.51 8.58 9.59 9.19 14.4 9.3 10.2 8.5Evergreen oak woodland 335 95 1.79 1.84 1.81 1.82 26.9 25.6 21.0 18.8Rocky Mountain juniper 167 75 0.56 0.74 1.04 0.92 37.9 23.1 25.8 21.7Western larch 1,311 61 10.52 10.42 11.81 11.25 14.2 11.7 14.7 12.5Mesquite woodland 4 46 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.02 #DIV/0! 100.0 66.0 60.3Whitebark pine 526 45 4.97 5.20 6.50 5.98 21.5 16.9 18.6 16.0Western redcedar 959 44 20.69 15.65 14.19 14.77 25.2 18.3 11.0 11.8White fir 559 32 5.14 6.11 7.30 6.82 25.7 14.8 13.9 11.6Limber pine 210 27 4.79 2.19 5.02 3.89 30.4 32.4 30.6 24.2 20-30Mountain hemlock 200 19 8.13 9.14 6.31 7.44 32.6 26.7 34.9 28.6Western hemlock 426 18 10.13 10.16 8.95 9.43 20.8 16.1 12.6 12.6Intermountain maple woodland 55 16 0.61 1.08 2.70 2.06 86.1 71.8 83.1 80.6Cercocarpus woodland 23 16 0.46 0.43 0.48 0.46 62.0 65.5 39.1 48.2Cottonwood 116 15 3.84 2.66 1.67 2.07 40.1 31.2 39.9 29.4Western juniper 29 14 1.43 1.32 0.86 1.05 49.2 53.9 51.4 41.5 >30 Blue spruce 283 13 6.13 9.34 10.40 9.97 22.5 37.2 14.4 17.0Paper birch 41 5 0.93 1.95 3.33 2.78 91.7 32.9 27.8 27.7Misc. western softwoods 22 4 0.00 1.22 2.57 2.03 #DIV/0! 51.9 63.4 53.7Foxtail-bristlecone pine 37 2 4.14 2.74 6.60 5.05 100.0 39.9 45.4 44.2Western white pine 23 2 1.36 4.11 5.16 4.74 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0Cottonwood-willow 21 2 4.25 6.47 4.48 5.28 52.3 70.2 87.9 79.2Southwest white pine 18 2 11.98 5.57 13.16 10.12 100.0 88.0 54.8 62.1Misc. western hardwoods woodland 0 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 57,329 5,734 4.78 5.32 5.11


piecesn=# of plots

1-48' tons/ac

3-48' (144')

tons/ac

3-72' (216')

tons/ac

3-120' (360')

tons/ac

48' % std.

err.

144' % std.

err.

216' % std.

err.

360' % std.

err.Lodgepole pine 10,560 482 7.87 8.33 7.81 8.02 6.6 7.6 7.5 7.1 <10 Douglas-fir 10,067 853 4.61 4.62 4.68 4.66 6.3 4.4 4.1 3.8Subalpine fir 6,275 318 10.10 10.39 10.50 10.46 8.2 5.9 5.6 5.2Engelmann spruce 5,193 300 8.05 8.97 9.52 9.30 9.1 6.0 6.4 5.9Aspen 4,875 267 4.95 4.63 4.80 4.73 12.5 7.9 8.1 7.2Engelmann spruce-subalpine fir 3,601 153 11.99 11.24 11.63 11.48 10.1 7.1 7.2 6.6Pinyon-juniper woodland 3,522 1,060 1.27 1.40 1.28 1.33 10.6 6.6 5.6 5.1Ponderosa pine 2,844 520 2.30 2.51 2.98 2.79 10.5 7.0 6.5 5.5Nonstocked 2,406 481 2.54 2.35 2.52 2.45 13.2 10.3 9.7 9.1Grand fir 1,728 109 8.51 8.58 9.59 9.19 14.4 9.3 10.2 8.5Western larch 1,311 61 10.52 10.42 11.81 11.25 14.2 11.7 14.7 12.5 10-20Western redcedar 959 44 20.69 15.65 14.19 14.77 25.2 18.3 11.0 11.8White fir 559 32 5.14 6.11 7.30 6.82 25.7 14.8 13.9 11.6Deciduous oak woodland 557 247 1.09 1.01 1.05 1.03 24.9 18.6 15.5 15.2Whitebark pine 526 45 4.97 5.20 6.50 5.98 21.5 16.9 18.6 16.0Western hemlock 426 18 10.13 10.16 8.95 9.43 20.8 16.1 12.6 12.6Juniper woodland 336 390 0.18 0.20 0.28 0.25 25.8 22.9 22.7 18.8Evergreen oak woodland 335 95 1.79 1.84 1.81 1.82 26.9 25.6 21.0 18.8Blue spruce 283 13 6.13 9.34 10.40 9.97 22.5 37.2 14.4 17.0Limber pine 210 27 4.79 2.19 5.02 3.89 30.4 32.4 30.6 24.2 20-30Mountain hemlock 200 19 8.13 9.14 6.31 7.44 32.6 26.7 34.9 28.6Rocky Mountain juniper 167 75 0.56 0.74 1.04 0.92 37.9 23.1 25.8 21.7Cottonwood 116 15 3.84 2.66 1.67 2.07 40.1 31.2 39.9 29.4Intermountain maple woodland 55 16 0.61 1.08 2.70 2.06 86.1 71.8 83.1 80.6Paper birch 41 5 0.93 1.95 3.33 2.78 91.7 32.9 27.8 27.7Foxtail-bristlecone pine 37 2 4.14 2.74 6.60 5.05 100.0 39.9 45.4 44.2 >30 Western juniper 29 14 1.43 1.32 0.86 1.05 49.2 53.9 51.4 41.5Cercocarpus woodland 23 16 0.46 0.43 0.48 0.46 62.0 65.5 39.1 48.2Western white pine 23 2 1.36 4.11 5.16 4.74 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0Misc. western softwoods 22 4 0.00 1.22 2.57 2.03 #DIV/0! 51.9 63.4 53.7Cottonwood-willow 21 2 4.25 6.47 4.48 5.28 52.3 70.2 87.9 79.2Southwest white pine 18 2 11.98 5.57 13.16 10.12 100.0 88.0 54.8 62.1Mesquite woodland 4 46 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.02 #DIV/0! 100.0 66.0 60.3Misc. western hardwoods woodland 0 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 57,329 5,734 4.78 5.32 5.11

Data AnalysisData Analysis

Data Analysis ConclusionData Analysis Conclusion1. Some forest types that are uncommon will probably never have

“good estimates” (better than 20 percent standard error) regardless of transect length.

• n< 250 pieces for high or low biomass forest types.• n<20 plots for high biomass types and n<80 plots for

low biomass types. 2. Greater than 360’ transect would require too much field time

(already over 1 hr. ave. per plot).3. Not sampling DWM on at least all the subplots causes problems

with under-sampling conditions and thus integrating DWM data with the tree data and other inventory components.

4. Therefore, a good compromise for P2 CWD transect length is between 48’ – 360’.


1. P2 DWM-general background2. IWFIA P2 DWM-data analysis3. IWFIA P2 DWM-examples of data


regional

IWFIA P2 DWMIWFIA P2 DWM

1. All estimates (volume, biomass, carbon, etc.) are “per acre” at the plot/condition level.

2. Population estimates with expansion factors should be available this summer.

IWFIA P2 condition compiled variablesIWFIA P2 condition compiled variablesTransect Length

Population estimates (not finished)

CWD variables FWD variables Duff variables Litter variables Fire

CWD_TLFWD_SM_TLFWD_MD_TLFWD_LG_TL

COND_PROP_CWDCOND_PROP_FWD_SM COND_PROP_FWD_MD COND_PROP_FWD_LGCOND_PROP_DUFFCOND_PROP_LITTER

CWD_LINEALFT_ACCWD_CF_ACCWD_DRYBIOT_ACCWD_CARBON_AC

FWD_SM_CNTFWD_SM_CF_ACFWD_SM_DRYBIOT_ACFWD_SM_CARBON_ACFWD_MD_CNTFWD_MD_CF_ACFWD_MD_DRYBIOT_ACFWD_MD_CARBON_ACFWD_LG_CNTFWD_LG_CF_ACFWD_LG_DRYBIOT_ACFWD_LG_CARBON_AC

DUFF_DEPTHDUFF_BIOMASS_ACDUFF_CARBON_AC

LITTER_BIOMASS_ACLITTER_CARBON_ACLITTER_DEPTH

FLM

DWM component by state and type DWM component by state and type (7,560 plots)(7,560 plots)

Timber forest type (all states)Timber forest type (all states)

Woodland forest type (all states)Woodland forest type (all states)

Stand age by types (all states)Stand age by types (all states)

CWD large-end diameter class--20”+CWD large-end diameter class--20”+

Total forest biomass by component (Montana timber types)Total forest biomass by component (Montana timber types)

Effect groups from LANDFIRE Fuel Loading Models (FLM)Effect groups from LANDFIRE Fuel Loading Models (FLM)LANDFIRE (Lutes and others 2009)LANDFIRE (Lutes and others 2009)

Effect groups from 7,560 IWFIA plots run through LANDFIRE First Order Effect groups from 7,560 IWFIA plots run through LANDFIRE First Order Fire Effects Model (FOFEM) program (Duncan Lutes 2010)Fire Effects Model (FOFEM) program (Duncan Lutes 2010)

FLM plot/condition classifications are currently under review by LandFireFLM plot/condition classifications are currently under review by LandFire --When finalized they can be used as inputs to fire effects models to compute

smoke emissions, fuel consumption, and carbon released to the atmosphere.


1. P2 DWM-background2. IWFIA P2 DWM-data analysis3. IWFIA P2 DWM-examples of data


regional

National DWM Transect Design4 - 48’ transects (192’ total)

225°

43

2

1

360°

90°

270°

45°

180°

135°

315°

Subplot

CWM transects

FWM transects

Litter and duff depth

Macroplot

Extra transect on

subplot option

Longer transect length on

macroplot option

Three Protocol Options:Three Protocol Options:

1.BASE Option - Simplified and more efficient to derive volume, biomass, and carbon.2.WILDLIFE/ECOLOGY Option - similar to existing P3 protocol with some additional efficiencies.3.RAPID ASSESSMENT Option - with maximum flexibility for one-time inventories of specific events (e.g., hurricanes).

National P2 DWM variablesNational P2 DWM variablesOPTION I: BASE (P2) OPTION II: WILDLIFE /

ECOLOGICAL (P3) ADDITIONAL OPTIONAL VARIABLES

BASE Layout Variables: Protocol Option, # Subplots, # Transects per Subplot, Transect Length

BASE Layout Variables Condition Level Variable: Condition Fuel Type Model #

Transect Line Segmenting: Subplot Num, Transect, Condition Class Number, Beginning Distance (HD), Ending Distance (HD), DWM Transect Sample Status, DWM Transect Non-Sample Reason

BASE Transect Line Segmenting Variables

BASE CWM Variables: Subplot Num, Transect, CWM Species, CWM Condition Class, CWM Decay Class, Intersect Diameter, Diameter of Hollow at Point of Intersection, Piece Inclination

BASE CWM Variables +:Large End Diameter, Length, Hollow, Small End Diameter

Optional CWM Variables (for OPTION I): Large End Diameter, Length, Hollow, Small End Diameter Optional CWM Variables (for all OPTIONs): Horizontal Distance, CWM History, % Log Fire Charred, Large End Diameter Class,

BASE Pile Variables: Pile Subplot Number, Pile Transect, Pile Beginning Distance, Pile Ending Distance, Pile Condition Class, Compacted Pile Height, Pile Species, Pile Decay Class

BASE Pile Variables

BASE FWM Variables: Subplot Number, Transect, Condition Class, FWM Transect Sample Status, FWM Transect Non-Sampled Reason, Small FWM Count, Medium FWM Count, Large FWM Count, High Count Reason

BASE FWM Variables

BASE Duff/Litter Depth Variables: Subplot Number, Transect, Condition Class, Duff/Litter Sample Status, Duff/Litter Non-Sampled Reason, Duff depth, Litter depth, Duff and Litter Method, Peat Sampling Method

BASE Duff/Litter Depth Variables

Optional Fuels Variable: Photo-series (Scott & Burgan 2005; RMRS-GTR-153)

Questions?Questions?

Larry T. DeBlander User Group Webinar

April 13, 2010Ogden, UT

Phone: 801-625-5204Email: [email protected]

Nonstocked types (all states)Nonstocked types (all states)

IWFIA P2 CWD Transect Design

• Three - 48 ft transects on subplots

• Three – 72 ft transects between subplots

Primary objectives for a national Primary objectives for a national P2/P3 DWM protocol: P2/P3 DWM protocol:

1. Provide flexibility for optional variables while maintaining a suite of base variables appropriate for consistency at both the P2 and P3 levels.

2. Develop an integrated (P2/P3) and efficient protocol with an emphasis on biomass and carbon estimation at the P2 level.

3. Facilitate future trend analysis and integrity of essential DWM components compatible with the current national protocol (P3).

4. Retain a national core protocol for DWM at the P3 plot level.

FIA Phase 2 (P2) Down Woody Material (DWM) Update

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Transcript of FIA Phase 2 (P2) Down Woody Material (DWM) Update