FI notes

MECHANICAL VENTILATION & SMOKE CONTROL SYSTEMBuilding Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyIntroduction

SCOPE MV SYSTEM SERVING ESSENTIAL AREAS/ROOMS BASEMENT CARPARK SMOKE CONTROL SYSTEM BASEMENT SMOKE CONTROL SYSTEM

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyScope of lesson

ESSENTIAL AREAS/ROOMS EXIT STAIRCASE & INTERNAL EXIT PASSAGEWAY INTERNAL CORRIDOR IN HOTEL SMOKE STOP LOBBY FIRE PUMP ROOM GENERATOR ROOM FIRE COMMAND CENTREBuilding Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyIn general air-conditioning, mechanical ventilation and smoke control systems are to be designed in accordance with the provisions of the Fire Safety Act 1993, Fire Safety (Building Fire Safety) Regulations 1994, Code of Practice for Fire Precautions in Buildings 1997 and CP 13: 1999 subject to the provisions of Section 27 of the Act.

ESSENTIAL AREAS/ROOMSContd

ROOMS INVOLVING USE OF FLAMMABLE & EXPLOSIVE SUBSTANCE KITCHEN

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyIn general air-conditioning, mechanical ventilation and smoke control systems are to be designed in accordance with the provisions of the Fire Safety Act 1993, Fire Safety (Building Fire Safety) Regulations 1994, Code of Practice for Fire Precautions in Buildings 1997 and CP 13: 1999 subject to the provisions of Section 27 of the Act.

PRESSURISATION SYSTEM FOR EXIT STAIRCASESGeneral For building HH> 24 m, any exit staircases without provision for NV shall be pressurized. For building with more than 4 basement storeys, exit staircase connected to fire fighting lobby in basement storeys shall be pressurized.Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities Globally For each exit staircase and internal exit passageways mechanical ventilation system : installation shall be an independent system exclusive to the particular staircase and internal exit passageway; system shall be of supply mode; system shall be provided with standby emergency power supply;

EXIT STAIRCASE & INTERNAL EXIT PASSAGEWAY Independent system of supply mode only Supply air drawn directly from external & intake point 5m from exhaust openings Supply air shall be conveyed by vertical duct & discharge at alternate floor Ducts runs outside the staircase shall be enclosed in masonary construction & not fitted with the fire damperBuilding Capacity Enhancing Capabilities Globallysupply air shall be : drawn directly from external with intake point not less than 5m from any exhaust discharge openings; conveyed via a vertical duct extending throughout the staircase height and discharge from adequately distributed outlets (for exit staircase serves more than 4 storeys);

AIR PRESSURISATION SYSTEM

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities Globallysupply air shall be : drawn directly from external with intake point not less than 5m from any exhaust discharge openings; conveyed via a vertical duct extending throughout the staircase height and discharge from adequately distributed outlets (for exit staircase serves more than 4 storeys);

PRESSURISATION SYSTEM FOR EXIT STAIRCASES

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyExit staircase and internal exit passageway shall not be traversed by ducts or air-conditioning pipes serving other areas.

PRESSURISATION SYSTEM FOR EXIT STAIRCASESPressurisation level Maintain a pressure differential =>50 Pa between the pressure exit staircase & the occupied area. Pressure gradient shall be such that the pressure at the exit staircase shall always be higher than the smoke-stop lobbyBuilding Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyExit staircase and internal exit passageway shall not be traversed by ducts or air-conditioning pipes serving other areas.



PRESSURISATION SYSTEM FOR EXIT STAIRCASESPressurisation level (contd) Force required to open any door against combined resistance of the pressuring air and the auto door-closing mechanism = < 110 N at the door handle.




PRESSURISATION SYSTEM FOR EXIT STAIRCASESEngress Velocity Maintain an air flow of sufficient velocity through open doors to prevent smoke entering into the pressurised area. Flow velocity shall be attained when a combination of 2 doors from any 2 successive stys & the main discharge door are fully open. Magnitude of the velocity averaged over the full area of each door opening => 1.0 m/s.Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities Globallyf. for pressurisation system of exit staircase:

design calculation shall be in order to justify fan capacities; the pressure gradient shall be such that the pressure at the exit staircase shall always be higher to the smoke stop lobby;


Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities Globallyf. for pressurisation system of exit staircase:


PRESSURISATION SYSTEM FOR EXIT STAIRCASESBasement For building comprising > 4 basement storeys, exit staircase connected to fire fighting lobbies in the basement shall be pressurised to meet requirement of Fire Code 97.Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities Globallyf. for pressurisation system of exit staircase:





PRESSURISATION SYSTEM FOR EXIT STAIRCASESDistribution of Pressurising Air Even distribution of supply air injection pts. Pressurisation level shall be restored ASAP when there is a significant change in pressure diff. due to door opening etc.Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities Globallyf. for pressurisation system of exit staircase:


PRESSURISATION SYSTEM FOR EXIT STAIRCASESInstallation Supply air shall be drawn directly from external & intake point shall be =>5m from any exhaust openings.



PRESSURISATION SYSTEM FOR EXIT STAIRCASESInstallation (contd) The system shall be activated by the building fire alarm system. - Manual remote start/stop switches shall be provided at FCC. - Visual indication of the operation status of the PS shall be provided.Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities Globallyf. for pressurisation system of exit staircase:


PRESSURISATION OF INTERNAL CORRIDORS IN HOTEL

If pressurisation is required, then : Internal staircase pressure > corridor pressure > guest room pressure.Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyWhere internal corridors in hotel are required to be pressurised, the pressure within such corridors shall be higher than that in the guest rooms, the pressure within the internal exit staircase shall be higher than that of the corridors. For internal corridors mechanical ventilation system in hotel:


Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyWhere internal corridors in hotel are required to be pressurised, the pressure within such corridors shall be higher than that in the guest rooms, the pressure within the internal exit staircase shall be higher than that of the corridors. For internal corridors mechanical ventilation system in hotel:





SMOKE-STOP & FIRE FIGHTING LOBBYMV system shall be exclusive to these lobbies and meet the following : In supply mode only & provide 10 air-change/hr when activated by building fire alarm, Supply air drawn directly from external & intake point => 5m from exhaust openings, Duct runs outside the staircase shall be enclosed or constructed to give 1 hr fire rating, Remote manual start/stop to be provided at FCC. Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyFor each smoke-stop lobby/re ghting lobbys mechanical ventilation on each storey: a. installation shall be an independent system exclusive to the mechanical ventilation smoke-stop lobby/re ghting lobby; b. system shall be of supply mode; c. system shall be provided with standby emergency power supply; d. system capacity shall be not less than 10 air changes/hour for re emergency operation;

SMOKE-STOP & FIRE FIGHTING LOBBY

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyFor each smoke-stop lobby/re ghting lobbys mechanical ventilation on each storey: a. installation shall be an independent system exclusive to the mechanical ventilation smoke-stop lobby/re ghting lobby; b. system shall be of supply mode; c. system shall be provided with standby emergency power supply; d. system capacity shall be not less than 10 air changes/hour for re emergency operation;

ENGINE DRIVEN FIRE PUMPROOM & GENERATOR ROOM MV system for the operation of the equipment shall be independent Supply air shall be drawn directly from external & intake point shall be => 5m from any exhaust openings. Exhaust air shall be discharge directly to external & => 5m from any intake openings.Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyFor each re pump room/generator room/re command centres mechanical ventilation system on each storey: a. installation shall be an independent system exclusive to the particular room;

ENGINE DRIVEN FIRE PUMPROOM & GENERATOR ROOM MV system for the operation of the equipment shall be independent (contd) Ducts runs outside the room housing the equipment shall be enclosed/constructed to give at least 2 hr fire resistance both internally and externally. No fire damper is allowed in the supply or exhaust duct. Ducts serving other areas shall not passBuilding Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyFor each re pump room/generator room/re command centres mechanical ventilation system on each storey: a. installation shall be an independent system exclusive to the particular room;

FIRE COMMAND CENTRE ACMV system shall be independent Supply air shall be drawn directly from external & intake point shall be => 5m from any exhaust openings. Exhaust air shall be discharge directly to external & => 5m from any intake openings.Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities Globallysystem shall consist of supply and exhaust mode; c. system shall be provided with standby emergency power supply; d. supply air shall be drawn directly from external with intake point not less than 5m from any exhaust discharge openings; e. exhaust air shall be discharged directly to the external with exhaust discharge point not less that 5m from any intake openings;

FIRE COMMAND CENTRE Ducts run outside the FCC shall be enclosed / constructed to give min. the same fire rating of the FCC or the room they traverse, whichever is higher. No fire damper is allowed in the supply or exhaust duct. Ducts serving other areas shall not pass through the FCC.Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities Globallysystem shall consist of supply and exhaust mode; c. system shall be provided with standby emergency power supply; d. supply air shall be drawn directly from external with intake point not less than 5m from any exhaust discharge openings; e. exhaust air shall be discharged directly to the external with exhaust discharge point not less that 5m from any intake openings;

FIRE PUMP ROOM / GENERATOR ROOM / FIRE COMMAND CENTRE

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities Globallysystem shall consist of supply and exhaust mode; c. system shall be provided with standby emergency power supply; d. supply air shall be drawn directly from external with intake point not less than 5m from any exhaust discharge openings; e. exhaust air shall be discharged directly to the external with exhaust discharge point not less that 5m from any intake openings;

FIRE PUMP ROOM / GENERATOR ROOM / FIRE COMMAND CENTRE

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities Globallysystem shall consist of supply and exhaust mode; c. system shall be provided with standby emergency power supply; d. supply air shall be drawn directly from external with intake point not less than 5m from any exhaust discharge openings; e. exhaust air shall be discharged directly to the external with exhaust discharge point not less that 5m from any intake openings;

ROOMS INVOLVING USE OF FLAMMABLE & EXPLOSIVE SUBSTANCE

The MV system shall be independent The MV system shall be supply & exhaust and provide 20 air change/hr.

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities Globally

ROOMS INVOLVING USE OF FLAMMABLE & EXPLOSIVE SUBSTANCE Exhaust air shall be discharge directly to external & => 5m from any intake openings. Ducts run outside the room shall be enclosed / constructed to give min. the same fire rating of the room they serve or the room they traverse, whichever is higher. No fire damper is allowed in the supply or exhaust duct. Ducts serving other areas shall not pass through the roomsBuilding Capacity Enhancing Capabilities Globally

ROOMS INVOLVING USE OF FLAMMABLE & EXPLOSIVE SUBSTANCE


KITCHEN Hood & exhaust duct to be => 500mm from combustible materials Exhaust directly to external & => 5m from any air intakes Fire rate exhaust duct running outside the kitchen No fire damper is fitted in kitchen exhaust duct.Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyFor the mechanical exhaust system of the cooking area in a kitchen: a. installation shall be an independent system exclusive to the cooking area of each particular kitchen;

KITCHEN

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyFor the mechanical exhaust system of the cooking area in a kitchen: a. installation shall be an independent system exclusive to the cooking area of each particular kitchen;

KITCHEN


KITCHEN


KITCHEN

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities Globallyexhaust shall be discharged directly to the external with exhaust discharge point not less than 5m from any air intake openings;

MECHANICAL SMOKE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR BASEMENT CAR PARK AREAS

For basement car park > 1,900 q m Smoke purging system having 9 air change/hr Activated by building alarm system Remote manual start-stop at FCC Heavy gauge duct (1.2 mm) Exhaust fan rating : 250 Degree Celsius @ 2 hrs. Secondary source of power supplyBuilding Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyFor each basement carparks (total oor area exceeding 1900m) smoke purging system: a. system shall be of supply and exhaust modes; b. system shall be provided with standby emergency power supply; c. supply shall be of not less than 9 air-changes/hour purging rate for emergency operation;

SMOKE PURGING SYSTEM FOR BASEMENT CARPARK

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyFor each basement carparks (total oor area exceeding 1900m) smoke purging system: a. system shall be of supply and exhaust modes; b. system shall be provided with standby emergency power supply; c. supply shall be of not less than 9 air-changes/hour purging rate for emergency operation;

MECHANICAL SMOKE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR BASEMENT OCCUPANCIES (OTHER THAN CAR PARK AREAS) Engineered Smoke Control System Design standards : BR 186 & BR 258 Fire sizes & smoke layer ht Smoke reservoir sizes Smoke mass flow rate & layer temp Replacement air Activation/control Fan & power supply Ductwork, etcBuilding Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyFor each basement carparks (total oor area exceeding 1900m) smoke purging system: a. system shall be of supply and exhaust modes; b. system shall be provided with standby emergency power supply; c. supply shall be of not less than 9 air-changes/hour purging rate for emergency operation;

Smoke Layer Height & Layer Temperature

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyFor each basement (total oor area exceeding 1900m) smoke control system: a. system may be in the form of natural ventilator, vent duct or mechanical extraction; b. when mechanical extraction is required: i. installation shall be independent system; ii. system shall be provided with standby emergency power supply;

Smoke Layer


Smoke Reservoir


Smoke Reservoir

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities Globallymode of ventilation of the system shall be: a. automatically by the detectors provided at the area served; b. c. by a remote manual switch available to reman at the re command centre; provided with visual indication of the operation of the system.

Smoke Reservoir


Smoke Reservoir


Replacement Air


Exhaust Fan


OTHER OCCUPANCY AREASSmoke detectors shall be provided at return air stream immediately adjacent to : Air Handling Units (AHUs) serving more than one storey or compartment A single unit in excess of 15 000m/hr Any AHU as may be required by the relevant authorityBuilding Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyFire dampers are to be provided at all non-smoke control duct penetrations of: a. compartment walls; b. compartment oors; c. protected shaft walls. Smoke detectors shall be provided at return air stream immediately adjacent to:

Air Handling Units (AHUs)

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyFire dampers are to be provided at all non-smoke control duct penetrations of: a. compartment walls; b. compartment oors; c. protected shaft walls. Smoke detectors shall be provided at return air stream immediately adjacent to:

Air Handling Units (AHUs)

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyFire dampers are to be provided at all non-smoke control duct penetrations of: a. compartment walls; b. compartment oors; c. protected shaft walls. Smoke detectors shall be provided at return air stream immediately adjacent to:

Means of Escape

Cpt Lau Heng Hui Senior Instructing officer FSITC CDA Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyIntroduce the topic

Introduction

How we escape? Corridor/passageway/ staircase Distance to travel Explain the requirements of means of escape

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyThe provisions of this presentation shall serve to express the intentions for determining the design, construction, protection, location, arrangement and maintenance of exit facilities to provide safe means of escape for occupants from all buildings hereafter erected, altered or changed in occupancy.

Objectives

To know

types of Travel distance the calculation of OL Vs EC types of exit facilities

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyExplain the objectives of the presentation

DETERMINATION OF EXIT REQUIREMENTS Factors affecting the exit requirement are as follows: Type of occupancy (purpose group) Floor area Occupant Load (OL) Capacity of an exit (EC) Travel distance to an exitBuilding Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyThe determination of exit requirements for a building shall be based upon the type of use or occupancy of the building, the occupant load, the floor area, the travel distance to an exit and the capacity of exits

Purpose groups

PG I PG II than PG III PG IV PG V PG VI PG VII PG VIII

Small Residential (eg. bungalow, semi-d,terrace)

Other Residential (residential other PG I) Institution Office Shop Factory Places of public resort Storage

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyExplain the 8 different purpose groups

OL Vs EC

occupant load is referring to the predetermined max. no ppl expected to be accommodated by a room/space or a building. exit capacity is referring to the predetermined max. no of ppl that allow the use of the exit staircases or exit doors.

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyThe determination of exit requirements for a building shall be based upon the type of use or occupancy of the building, the occupant load, the floor area, the travel distance to an exit and the capacity of exits

What is multiple occupancy?It is where different types of occupant(eg office, shops, places of public resorts etc),

that are co-located in a premises (ie floor/building) the greatest number of occupants shall form the basis for determining the exit requirements.Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyWhere a building or storey of a building or a part of a building is used for multiple purposes involving different activities at different times, that purpose or use involving the greatest number of occupants shall form the basis for determining the exit requirements.

Mixed Occupancy in a Building

Clause 2.2.2

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyIf the multi purpose hall is being put at the top the top flr then staircase 2 have to be extended up.

Travel Distance

What is one way travel & two way travel? What is Dead end? Differences if building is with sprinkler protection? How to measure travel distance? Maximum exit stair width Remoteness of exit door/stairBuilding Capacity Enhancing Capabilities Globally

The maximum travel distance for the respective types of occupancies shall be not greater than as laid down in Table 2.2A of Fire Code (a) In the case of a floor area designed with minimum two exits, the maximum travel distance as given in Table 2.2A shall be applicable. The maximum travel distance starting from the most remote point in any occupied space to the nearest exit, shall not exceed the limits specified in Table 2.2A

What is travel distance?It is an actual distance that required to travel from the most remote point in any room or space to the edge of a door opening directly to: A. B. C. an exit staircase, or an exit passageway, or an open exterior space.

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyThe distance required to be traversed from the most remote point in any room or space to the edge of a door opening directly to an exit staircase, or an exit passageway, or an open exterior space,

One Way Travel

It is a common path in a floor space that is arranged such that occupants within that space are able to travel in only one direction to reach any of the exits or to reach the splitting point where they have the choice of two or more routes of travel to remote exits.

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyA one-way travel or common path exists if a floor space is arranged or provided with partitioning works such that occupants within that space are able to travel in only one direction to reach any of the exits or to reach the splitting point where they have the choice of two or more routes of travel to remote exits.

Travel Distance

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyIn a large floor area sub-divided into rooms, corridors and so forth, the travel distance requirements of the foregoing paragraphs of this clause shall be deemed to be satisfied if the `direct distance' does not exceed two-third of the maximum travel distance permitted under Table 2.2A of Fire Code

Direct Distance

DN DN

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyIn a large floor area sub-divided into rooms, corridors and so forth, the travel distance requirements of the foregoing paragraphs of this clause shall be deemed to be satisfied if the `direct distance' does not exceed two-third of the maximum travel distance permitted under Table 2.2A,

What is non-simultaneous occupancy? It is a place where serve other rooms and spaces on the same storey but are not occupied at the same time as such other rooms or spaces, this are not included in OL calculations. Examples are toilets, locker rooms, storage rooms, staff canteens, lobbies, corridors and similar rooms and spacesBuilding Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyAreas that are normally not occupied simultaneously. For example, an office worker is not expected to be at his office and the toilet at the same time. The toilet is regarded as non simultaneous occupancy.

Non-simultaneous occupancy

Clause 2.2.4

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyThe floor areas of toilets, locker rooms, storage rooms, lobbies, corridors and similar rooms and spaces that serve other rooms and spaces on the same storey but are not occupied at the same time as such other rooms or spaces, may be omitted from the occupant load calculations of that storey of the building on which they are located.

OL And ECCriteria EC > OL (determine the number of exit staircase, width of the exit door and staircase) Travel Distance (determine the required number and location of the exit staircase)

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyThe capacity of exits, exit staircases, exit passageways, corridors, exit doors and other exit facilities shall be measured in units of width of half of a metre. The number of persons per unit of width shall be determined by the type of occupancy and type of exit as listed under Table 2.2A. In the determination of each exit width, fractions of a unit width less than 250 mm shall not be credited. Where 250 mm or more are added to one or more full units, half of a unit of width shall be credited. Capacity of exits and exit facilities Where a room or space is required to be provided with two exits, each exit shall be of sufficient width to accommodate not less than half the total occupant load.

Occupancy Load (OL) CalculationFloor Area non-simultaneous usage OL =Floor Area the OL Density (or factor) Fig A eg. Office 900(m2) / 10(m2/person)= 90 persons eg. Meeting room 900(m2) / 1.5(m2/person)= 600 Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyWhat is the meaning of 10sqm/person?

Schedule 4

Where to find this? Fire Code, Chap 1

Fig A

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyAvailable in Chapter 1 of Fire Code

Available from Fire Code, Chap2 Table 2.2

Refer to your course notes if letter is too small Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyTable 2.2A of Fire Code

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyPer unit of width is 0.5m.

Staircase width

Corridors door width

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyNormally the corridors door width is the limiting factor.

Exit Capacity (EC) Calculation

Determined by the width of door/corridor and exit staircase (always round down) 1 unit = 500mm 1/2 unit = 250mm eg. Exit Door Width = 850mm = 1.5 units EC = 1.5 units x 80 = 120 persons eg. Exit Staircase Width = 1250mm = 2.5 units EC = 2.5 units x 60 = 150 personsBuilding Capacity Enhancing Capabilities Globally

The number shall always be rounded off to the next lower unit width. 2.2.5 Capacity of exits and exit facilities The capacity of exits, exit staircases, exit passageways, corridors, exit doors and other exit facilities shall be measured in units of width of one half of a metre. The type of occupancy and type of exit as listed under Table 2.2A shall determine the number of persons per unit of width. In the determination of each exit width, fractions of a unit width less than 250 mm shall not be credited. Where 250 mm or more are added to one or more full units, half of a unit of width shall be credited. Where a room or space is required to be provided with two exits, each exit shall be of sufficient width to accommodate not less than one half the total occupant load.

Table 2.2A: Determination of travel distance and exit capacity Clause 2.2.6

?

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyWhat is travel distance? It is an actual distance that required to travel from the most remote point in any room or space to the edge of a door opening directly to: an exit staircase, or an exit passageway, or an open exterior space. What is Direct Distance? It is a distance measured disregarding/ignoring the furniture or partition. What is one way travel? It is where only one direction is available, for eg HDB flat is one way until you reach corridor. However, for those premises only have one staircase (eg HDB point blk) it means one way travel all the way till ground floor. Otherwise, when you reach corridor it should be 2 way escape

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyThis is how you can organise your premises OL

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyThis is how you can organise your premises EC

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyDeclare OL and EC. EC shall be equal to or bigger than OL for compliance.

Capacity of exits and exit facilities

Clause 2.2.5

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballySingle staircase conservation shophouses, office less than 4 sty with OL less than 50 each floor. Those places that need FSM will need to stairs

Reasons: Fire at one of the Staircase or obstructed

Clause 2.2.5

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyUneven EC of staircase is not acceptable.

Measurement of Most remote Clause 2.2.6 (c) Point

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyThe most remote point from which the travel distance is measured shall be taken as being 400 mm from the enclosure walls of the room or space.

Area of refuge

Clause 2.2.6 (f)

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyWhen a floor area has access to Area of Refuge in compliance with following requirements in this Clause, the occupant load for which vertical exits are to be accounted for the floor area may be reduced to half when one Area of Refuge is provided and to one-third when two or more Areas of Refuge are provided.

Measurement of Travel Distance Clause 2.2.6(g)

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyThe maximum travel distance for the respective types of occupancies shall be not greater than as laid down in Table 2.2A of Fire Code.

Clause 2.2.7 See Table 2.2A

Measurement of clear width

Minimum width (corridor)

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyCorridor width minimum is stated in Table 2.2A of Fire Code.

Minimum width(door)

Clause 2.2.7

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyNo exit, exit staircase or other exit facilities shall be narrower than the minimum width requirement as specified under Table 2.2A. The minimum clear width of an exit door opening shall be not less than 850 mm. (b) Exit access doors serving a room with an occupant load of not more than 2 persons shall not be less than 610mm in clear width. (c) A single leaf swing door along the means of egress shall not exceed 1250mm in clear width

Maximum Width

Clause 2.2.8

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyThe maximum width of exit staircases shall be not more than 2000 mm. Where staircases exceed 2000 mm in width, handrails shall be used to divide the staircase into sections of not less than 1000 mm of width or more than 2000 mm of width.

Provision of Handrails

Clause 2.2.8

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyThe maximum width of exit staircases shall be not more than 2000 mm. Where staircases exceed 2000 mm in width, handrails shall be used to divide the staircase into sections of not less than 1000 mm of width or more than 2000 mm of width.

EXITMaximum width of exit staircases shall be not more than 2000mman any part of excess width of > 2000mm shall not be taken into account for EC calculation

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities Globally2.2.8Maximum width of exit staircases shall be not more than 2000mm. Where staircases exceed 2000mm in width, handrails shall be used to divide the staircase into sections of not less than 1000mm of width or more than 2000mm of width.For the purpose of determining the exit capacity of a staircase that is wider than 2000mm that forms part of the required means of escape from any storey of the building, that part of its width in excess of 2000mm shall not be taken into account.

Minimum two exits facilitiesClause 2.2.10

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyNumber of exits is determined by OL and travel distance. Type of occupancy is also a consideration.

In-correct arrangement of exits Clause 2.2.10 Example 1

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyTenant C has to pass through Tenant D. Tenant B has to pass through Tenant D.

SMOKE FREE APPROACHBuilding exceeding 4 storey

External approach

Smoke stop lobby

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyEntry at every storey level to an exit staircase of any building or part of a building of more than four storeys above ground level shall be through: (a)an external exit passageway or external corridor. (b) a lobby that is separated from the adjoining areas of the building by a wall having a fire resistance of at least 1 hour.

Clause 2.2.13

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyThe openings for natural lighting and ventilation to the corridor shall be so located that they face and open upon: (i) the external space; or (ii) a street, service road or other public space which is open to the sky; or (iii) an air-well which opens vertically to the sky and having a min. width of 6m and a superficial plan area of not less than 93m, except that for residential occupancy, the external corridors for smoke free approach shall comply with the requirements of cl.2.4.8 and 2.4.9, and in the case of workers dormitories and hotel bedrooms being served by external corridors, such corridors shall comply with cl.2.9.4 and cl.2.7.2 respectively;

External approach (external exit passageway)

Clause 2.2.13

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyExternal exit passageway: (i) an external exit passageway can be used as a required exit in lieu of an internal exit passageway.

External exit passagewayClause 2.2.13

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyThe external wall between the exit passageway and the rest of the floor space can have ventilation openings of non-combustible construction, fixed at or above a level 1.8m, measured from the finished floor level of the passageway to the sill level of the openings and such ventilation openings shall be located not less than 3.0 m from any opening of an exit staircase.

External exit passageway

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities Globallyan external exit passageway may be roofed over provided the depth of the roofed over portion shall not exceed 3m to avoid smoke logging

When do we allow single staircase?1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

For office in shop/factory/warehouse usage only Not more than 4 storey Gross floor area (GFA) not more than 200m2 Habitable Height < 15m Non-combustible construction Comply with travel distance Access from fire engine access to building are complied with.Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities Globally

Clause 2.6.1 of Fire Code explains this provision of 1 single exit staircase.

When is smoke stop lobby needed?Building more than 4 storeys

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyEntry at every storey level to an exit staircase of any building or part of a building of more than four storeys above ground level.

Features of smokestop lobby1. Wall have at least 1 hour. 2. Exit door shall have least half an hour fitted with automatic selfclosing device 3. The floor area of a smokestop lobby shall be not less than 3m. 4. permanent fixed ventilation openings to external > 15% of floor area of the lobby 5. Opening < 9m from any part of the lobby 6. Emergency to provide 10 air change, normal is 4 air change.Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyClause 2.2.13 (b) explains in detail the requirement of SSL.

Features of Fire fighting lobby1 Wall shall at least be 1 hour fire resistance 2 Door shall have at least have half an hour fitted with automatic self-closing device. 3 Area shall at least be 6 m2, no dimension shall be smaller than 2m 4 Floor gradient shall slope from lift towards lobby door 1:200. 5 Emergency to provide 10 air change, normal is 4 air change.Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyClause 2.2.13 (b) explains in detail the requirement of FFL. FFL requirements are more stringent than the normal SSLs.

Smoke stop lobby (Fixed Ventilation Openings)

Clause 2.2.13

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyFeatures of fire fighting lobby

Smoke stop lobby (Mechanical Ventilation)Clause 2.2.13

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyStaircase - 4 air change SSL 10 air change

Clause 2.2.14 Smoke Stop lobby Basement Situation (> 4 levels)

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballySmoke-stop lobbies in basement occupancies shall be required to comply with the relevant provisions under Cl. 2.2.13(b) and shall be mechanically ventilated to comply with the requirements in Chapter 7.

Conditions for not having Smoke Stop LobbyBuilding lobby shall be: less than 4 storey and fitted with fire door other than purposes group III & VII other than linking to a pressurized internal exit staircase that exceeded 24m other than lobby that linked to a fire lift.Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyThe omission of smoke stop lobby to exit staircases shall not be allowed under the following situations : (a) where the building exceeds 4 storeys and belongs to Purpose Group III and VII; (b) where the internal exit staircase, which is provided with pressurization, exceeds the habitable height of 24m; (c) where the exit staircase is designated as fire fighting staircase adjacent to a fire lift as required in Chapter 6.

EXIT FACILITIES

Clause 2.3

Internal exit passageway External exit passageway Internal exit staircase External exit staircase

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyDescribe the different exit discharge routes

Internal Exit PassagewayClause 2.3.2 (b)

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities Globallythe enclosure walls of an exit passageway shall have not more than two exit doors opening into the exit passageway

External Exit Passageway

Clause 2.3.2(c)

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballySee Clause 2.3.2 of Fire Code for detailed explanation.

Internal Staircase & SSL

Clause 2.3.3(a)

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyA pressurized internal staircase that has no means of natural ventilation.

External Staircase

Clause 2.3.3 (b)

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyExternal staircase that is naturally ventilated.

Clause 2.3.7

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyUnder what condition can we allow the use of spiral staircase. An external unenclosed staircase built of noncombustible materials having a tread length of at least 750 mm having an OL not exceeding 25 persons at any floor not serve more than 10 m habitable height buildings.

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyPictorial illustration of spiral staircase

Exit Ramp

Clause 2.3.8

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyInternal and external exit ramps may be used as exits in lieu of internal and external exit staircases subject to compliance to the applicable requirements of Cl. 2.3.3. and to the following: (a) The slope of such exit ramps shall not be steeper than 1 in 10, and (b) Exit ramps shall be straight with changes in direction being made at level platforms or landings only, except that exit ramps having a slope not greater than 1 in 12 at any place may be curved

Door swing not impede the egress

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyDoor swing shall not impede progress of occupants

Q&A

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyInvite any questions

RECAP

Purposes group OL VS EC Travel distance Exit Smoke stop lobby

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyRecap and summary

Thank YouFinish of presentation.

&


Introduction To Fire CodeCPT Lau Heng Hui Senior Instructing Officer FSITC, Enhancing Capabilities Globally Building Capacity CDAFire Code stands for Code of Practice for Fire Precautions in Buildings. There are although 6 editions so far. The first edition was issued by PWD in 1974 after the Robinson Fire. The second edition was issued in 1982 by Building Construction Authority. The Fire Safety Bureau was formed in Dec 85 and the first code published by the Bureau was I 1991. It was a small pink book. Basically the code follow the British Code and Australia Code.

ScopeIntroduction Content of re Code Conclusion

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyScope of presentation

Introduction Fire Code - Code of Practice for FirePrecautions in Buildings

-

1974, 1982, 1991, 1997, 2002, 2007

Other references Codes of Practice StandardsBuilding Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyFire Code stands for Code of Practice for Fire Precautions in Buildings. There are although 6 editions so far. The first edition was issued by PWD in 1974 after the Robinson Fire. The second edition was issued in 1982 by Building Construction Authority. The Fire Safety Bureau was formed in Dec 85 and the first code published by the Bureau was I 1991. It was a small pink book. Basically the code follow the British Code and Australia Code.

9 Chapters General & Denition Means of Escape Structural Fire Precautions

Fire Code

Site Planning & External Fire Fighting Provision Electrical Power Supplies Fire Fighting Systems Mechanical Ventilation and Smoke Control System Other Systems Fire Safety Report

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyTo explain that they are 9 chapters in the Code and go through briefly the content of each chapter. The 9 chapters are as follow: General & Definition Means of Escape Structural Fire Precautions Site Planning & External Fire Fighting Provision Electrical Power Supplies Fire Fighting Systems Mechanical Ventilation and Smoke Control System Other Systems Fire Safety Report

Chapter 1 : General & Definitions General Stipulates other fire safety requirements, eg Conservation guidelines Standard for Fire Safety in Rapid Transit System Definitions Definitions of terms, eg Basement Deadend/travel distance Exit passageway, etc Others Purpose Group Table Schedule Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyChapter 1: General and Definitions Under the heading of general, it lists the requirements for other fire safety requirements, such as conservation guidelines, Standard for Fire Safety in Rapid Transit System, etc. All these requirements are stipulated in the Annexes of the Fire Code. QP can design their buildings by following the requirements according to the guidelines stipulated. Under Definitions, the code provides the definitions of the terms used in the fire code, such as basement, dead/travel distance, exit passageway, etc In addition, under chapter 1 table 1.2 A, it also states the purpose group of the buildings. Under schedule, it provide the QP occupant load factors for the calculation of occupant load for buildings.

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyChapter 1: General and Definitions Under the heading of general, it lists the requirements for other fire safety requirements, such as conservation guidelines, Standard for Fire Safety in Rapid Transit System, etc. All these requirements are stipulated in the Annexes of the Fire Code. QP can design their buildings by following the requirements according to the guidelines stipulated. Under Definitions, the code provides the definitions of the terms used in the fire code, such as basement, dead/travel distance, exit passageway, etc In addition, under chapter 1 table 1.2 A, it also states the purpose group of the buildings. Under schedule, it provide the QP occupant load factors for the calculation of occupant load for buildings.

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyChapter 1: General and Definitions Under the heading of general, it lists the requirements for other fire safety requirements, such as conservation guidelines, Standard for Fire Safety in Rapid Transit System, etc. All these requirements are stipulated in the Annexes of the Fire Code. QP can design their buildings by following the requirements according to the guidelines stipulated. Under Definitions, the code provides the definitions of the terms used in the fire code, such as basement, dead/travel distance, exit passageway, etc In addition, under chapter 1 table 1.2 A, it also states the purpose group of the buildings. Under schedule, it provide the QP occupant load factors for the calculation of occupant load for buildings.

Chapter 2 Means of Escape

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyChapter 2: Means of escape To explain what is means of escape A continuous and unobstructed way of travel from any point in a The exit access The exit The exit discharge building or structure to a public way consisting of three separate and distinct parts:

Illustrate it with a sketch Explain that under Part I, some of the requirements that the QP needs to take note are travel distance, smoke free approach to exit staircase. For Part II, the exit , explain the exit refers to door opens to external at ground floor and exit staircase (internal and exit staircase). To explain what is the different between internal and external exit staircase Part III refers to the discharge of exit staircase. Explain the discharge requirements, such that it must discharge directly to external except for sprinkler buildings.

Means of Escape A continuous and unobstructed way of travel from any point in a building or structure to a public way consisting of three separate and distinct parts: The exit access The exit The exit discharge



Means of Escape

Part IIThe Exit

Part IIIThe Exit Discharge

Part IThe Exit Access



Part I Travel distance Smoke free approach to exit staircase Part II Exit Internal /External exit staircase Door to external Part III Discharge of exit staircase



Chapter 3 Structural Fire Precautions

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyChapter 3: Structural fire precautions This chapters focuses on the structure requirements of buildings. It covers the requirements for compartmentation, the required fire resistance rating, the setback distance arising fro unprotected opening and the material for construction. Under material for construction, emphasize that the use of plastic material is not allowed. The lesson also covers the flame spread requirements along the surface of building in accordance with Table 3.13 A & B.

Chapter 3 - - - - Compartmentation Fire resistance rating Setback distance for unprotected Opening Material for construction


COMPARTMENT WALLFire-rated barrier

Performance - Non-combustibility test - Fire resistance test

Compartment wall Ceiling Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyChapter 3: Structural fire precautions This chapters focuses on the structure requirements of buildings. It covers the requirements for compartmentation, the required fire resistance rating, the setback distance arising fro unprotected opening and the material for construction. Under material for construction, emphasize that the use of plastic material is not allowed. The lesson also covers the flame spread requirements along the surface of building in accordance with Table 3.13 A & B.

Setback distance for unprotected opening


Table 3.13APurpose group of building Classication of nishes to walls and ceiling relating to ame spread

Non-sprinkler protected building

Sprinkler protected building

I (Small residential) II (Other residential) III (Institutional) IV ( Office) V (Shop) VI (Factory) VII (Place of public resort) VIII (Storage) N 3* N/A

Room, compar No t-ment control No control 1 1 1 1 1 1

Circulation space 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Smokestop /re 0 ghting lobby 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Exit staircase & exit N passageway N N N N N N N

Room, compartment No control No control 3* No control No control No control No control No control

Circulation space No control No control 3* No control No control No control No control No control

Smoke-stop/ re ghting 2 lobby 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

Exit staircase & exit 0 passageway 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Non-combustible to comply with BS 476 Pt 4. Applies to Detention facilities and Health-care, including hospital, old-aged homes, nursing homes for mentally or physically disabled patients. Not Applicable


Table 3.13BPurpose group of building Material construction (Homogenous)* Non-sprinkler protected building Internal non-load bearing wall and ceiling within room, No control compartment No control 0 0 0 0 0 0 Circulation spaces, e.g. common N corridor, passageway, etc N N N N N N N Roof covering, including supports 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Sprinkler protected building Internal non-load Circulation Roof covering, bearing wall and spaces, e.g. including ceiling within room, common corridor, supports No control No control No control compartment passageway, etc No control No control No control 3** No control No control No control No control No control 3** No control No control No control No control No control 3** No control No control No control No control No control

I (Small residential) II (Other residential) III (Institutional) IV (Office) V (Shop) VI (Factory) VII (Place of public resort) VIII (Storage) *

Refer to the entire construction of the element. 0/1/3 The tests of BS 476 Pt 6 and/or Pt 7 shall be conducted with air gap

**

Applies to Detention facilities and health-care, including hospital, nursing homes for handicapped, disabled, aged or persons with mental and/or mobility impairment. Non-combustible, including limited combustibility.

N


Use of Plastic Material3.15.12 (a) Composite panels which consist of plastic core shall not be used either for the construction of internal non-load bearing walls, ceilings, external walls or as cladding to external walls of all buildings unless prior approval has been obtained from the Relevant Authority. 3.15.14 Walls, ceilings, roof covering and nishes shall not contain any plastic material.


Chapter 4 Site Planning & External Fire Fighting Provisions

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyChapter 4: Site planning and external fire fighting provisions. This chapter covers the requirements to be provided at the external of building for the purpose of conducting fire fighting and rescue operations. That includes the non-obstruction of access from the fire engine accessway/access road, the provision of fire access panel and the requirements on the provision of private hydrant.

Site Planning Site access for fire Apparatus Adequate driveway width, turning radii and parking space on firm, level surface for fire apparatus



Fire Access Panel

1000mm 150mm Orange/red 850mm

accessway accessway

Fire Access Panel (Eg. Window)


Site Planning provision of hydrants


Chapter 5 Electrical Power Supplies Installation Primary & secondary supplies

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyChapter 5: Electrical power supplies This chapter covers the CPs that have to refer to the installation of power supplies and primary and secondary supplies.

Chapter 6 Fire Fighting Systems

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyChapter 6: Fire fighting system To explain to the trainees what are the type of fire protected system in building. QP needs to make refer to Table 6.3A of the fire code. In addition, what are the types of fire fighting provisions in buildings. For the provision of water mist system to replace the sprinkler, explain the trainees the concern before installation. Trainees need to note that installation of water mist system must go through prototype test.

Fire Protection System Manual alarm system Automatic Detectors Sprinkler system Water mist system

Fire Fighting Provision Dry/wet riser Hosereel ,


In general Manual alarm -Building < 4 storey -Building with auto alarm -Building with sprinkler Auto alarm -Buildings > 4 storey Sprinkler ->24m -Basement -Engineered smoke control & smoke purging system -Exceeded sizes of compartmentation


TYPES OF RISING MAINS IN HIGHRISE BUILDING

* Height based on habitable height


- Height based on habitable height

More than 10m & less than 60m

FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM FOR KITCHEN HOOD

WATER MIST SYSTEM


Chapter 7

Mechanical Ventilation And Smoke Control Systems

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyChapter 7: Mechanical ventilation and smoke control systems To inform the trainees that this chapters cover the MV and smoke control system in building. It also covers the requirements for use dampers and how ventilation of exit staircases are provided. Also descripe briefly the concept of provided smoke control system such as engineered smoke control and smoke purging system in building.

Provision of dampersMechanical Ventilation for exit staircase and smoke control system


Basement Engineered Smoke Control System


Smoke purging system


Chapter 8 Other Systems

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyChapter 8: Other systems To explain to trainees the requirements of exit sign, directional exit sign and emergency lighting. Also explain what are the differences between public address system, 1 way voice comms, 2 way voice comms system. Go through briefly the space required for fire command center.


Graphical Symbol Sign Signify an escape

Photo Luminescent Marking

route to an area of safe condition Full view of man

moving to left or right through doorway



Voice Communication System-Public Address system 1 way voice comms 2 way voice comms Fire Command Centre


One-Way Emergency Communication

Two-way Emergency Communication Systems


Size of FCC: Size of minimum 6m2 free working space housing terminals and supervisory/control equipments, etc of re protection / detection systems.


Chapter 9Fire Safety Report

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyChapter 9: Fire safety report To explain to the trainees what is fire safety report A report which gives an overview of the fire safety works, including fire protections and mechanical ventilation systems for a complex building

WHATS FIRE SAFETY REPORT A report which gives an overview of the re

safety works, including re protections and mechanical ventilation systems for a complex building


Qualied Person should submit a report on re protection and life safety features when making BP submission for projects such as:- High rise (over 60m in building height) commercial buildings -Large commercial buildings (gross floor area greater than 5000sq m or having a occupancy load exceeding 1000 persons)

BUILDINGS THAT ARE REQUIRED TO SUBMIT FIRE SAFETY REPORT Commercial buildings, including mixed-use habitable height exceeds 60m, or gross oor area > 5000 m or having a total occupant load > 1000

persons

Industrial buildings gross oor area > 5000 m petroleum/chemical plants and installations involving the use of

ammable and/or explosive materials

Others High-rise buildings in which passive re protection systems are

used for construction of protected shaft for staircases and/or lift Buildings exceeding one storey using re rated board protection / intumescent paint for structural steel Corrosive atmosphere (Pg VI & VIII)


Conclusion- Importance for buildings to comply with re safety requirements - - occupants - - escape during emergency conduct re ghting and rescue operations re ghters

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyConclusion

ORGANISATION STRUCTURE ROLES & FUNCTIONS OF FIRE SAFETY & SHELTERBuilding Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyIntroduce the lesson name and self introduction

SCOPEINTRODUCTION n ORGANISATION STRUCTURE n ROLES AND FUNCTIONS n CONCLUSIONn

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyGo through lesson scope

OBJECTIVESBe familiar with the organisation structure of FSSD and CEDn

Be able to understand the roles and functions of FSSD and CED

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyList the objectives of the lesson

IntroductionBRIEF HISTORY n From 1960s to 1985, Singapore Fire Brigade tasked to be responsible for all fire safety enforcement mattersn

Before 1985, regulatory matters were handled by (then) BCD of PWD

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyHistory of SCDF

IntroductionBRIEF HISTORYn

From 1985 Fire Safety Bureau was formed under SCDF Introduction of Fire Safety Act 1993 Meanwhile, a decision was made to harden 9 MRT Stations as CD Shelters (thus, the formation of the Civil Defence Shelter Bureau)

n n

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyAfter FSB was formed, most government building do not submit plan to FSB and this create problem to current situation where a lot of these building do not comply with the requirement and because there is no approval given at then, all these building have to comply with current requirements when the building wished to be sold to private sector. For eg are school, PWD building at somerset, EX HDB HQ building at Jalan Bukit Merah. Those have approval will deemed as complying with requirement and if there arent any change of use, this building can operate and can be sold anytime. FSA give us the legal power to act on enforcement, approval of plan, TFP/FSC & FC.

IntroductionCivil Defence Shelter Bureaun

In 1987, a comprehensive shelter programme was initiated by the Government to construct shelters at : The foot of HDB flats Schools Community Centres Other public buildings

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyShelter programme initiated at 1987.


In Sep 1994, it was announced that Household Shelters would be incorporated into new HDB households to facilitate immediate access Thus, seizure of void deck shelters

n

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyDiscuss about the introduction of household shelters in sep 1994.


On 15 Oct 1997, Civil Defence Shelter Act was approved by the President (full implementation in 1998)

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyCivil Defence Shelter Act

FIRE SAFETY ACT 1993 CIVIL DEFENCE SHELTER ACT 1997

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyThe 2 years where the 2 important Acts were implemented

FIRE SAFETY & SHELTER BUREAUn

In 2000, FSB and CDSB were merged as one entity (FSSB) To serve the public much more effectively and efficiently

n

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyMainly more on cutting cost.

FIRE SAFETY & SHELTER DEPT.n

In July 2003, FSSB is known as Fire Safety and Shelter Department (FSSD) After moving into HQ SCDF

n

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyThis is to be inline with all the departments under scdf.

VISION

To be a model centre of excellence in fire-safety and shelter protection for a safe and secure environmentBuilding Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyVision of FSSD

MISSION STATEMENT

n

We are the authority in setting, maintaining and enforcing high fire safety and CD sheltering standards to make our buildings safe We promote fire safety and CD sheltering as a way of life for our community

n

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyMission statement of FSSD

MISSION STATEMENT

n

We are pro-business, customeroriented, innovative and professional in providing quality service through close partnership with the community

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyMission Statement of FSSD

FSSD and CED

n

In October 2009, the enforcement,certification and licensing functions of FSSD is incorporated into CED (Central Enforcement Department)

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyCED is a new department formed in 2009. Fire safety enforcements and certification are now under the perview of CED instead of FSSD wef Oct 2009.

FSSD

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyBegin section on FSSD

FSSD ORGANISATION STRUCTUREDirector FSSD Fire Safety Consultation BranchMr Heng Chai Liang

Mr Boo Geok Kwang

Fire Safety Plans Branch

Shelter development Branch

Plans & Customer Service Branch

Mr Lee Wee Keong

LTC Cheok Poh Chin

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyOrganisational structure of FSSD (updated Sep 2010) latest.

ROLE OF FSSDn

To ensure adequate:

provision and maintenance of fire safety sheltering measures installations in buildings in the storage of fire hazardous materials

through prescribing and enforcing policies and requirements under the respective Acts viz:n

To formulate and implement fire safety policies, as well as regulate fire safety standards as expressed in the Fire Safety Act.

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities Globally(Provision and maintenance of fire safety) Scheduled enforcement by all stations is a surprise check and balance system to ensure that building are always safe, esp the escape. (installation) FC yearly renewal to certify that the public building fire safety are in order. PE is to endorse on the form that the building is ok and submitted to scdf, and scdf will visit all buildings at least once in 2 years.

ROLE OF FSSDn

The Fire Safety and Shelter Department is the technical authority in setting, maintaining and enforcing a standard of fire safety that will make buildings safe for our community. They promote good fire safety practices and address public concerns with regards to fire hazards. They strive to provide prompt, efficient services through close partnerships with building professionals and schemes that will help the building industry become self-reliant.

n

n

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyRoles of FSSD to be explained in this slide.

FSSD is further categorized into 4 sections.n

1.

Shelter Development BranchPlanning and directing of the development and implementation of CD Shelter programme.

n

2.

Plans and Customer Service Branch

Co-ordination of the formulation/ review of legislation procedures, planning of directives, circulars and guidelines of fire safety and shelters. Also takes care of the customer service counter at 1st storey of Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities Globally HQSCDF.Highlight role of SDB and PAB

FSSD is further categorized into 4 sections.3. Fire Safety Plans Branch (FSP Branch)Enforcement of provision in the Fire Safety Act.

4.

Fire Safety Consultation Branch (FSC Branch)Provision of consultation service to architects and engineers on matters relating to fire safety.

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyHighlight roles of FSPB and FSCB

FIRE SAFETY & CONSULTATION BRANCH(before PAC)

FSC Branch Senior Consultants

EO Heng Chai Liang

Consultant Consultant Assistance

Code development, Materials & products

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities Globally 22Organisational chart of FSCB

FIRE SAFETY & CONSULTATION BRANCHFUNCTIONSn

Providing consultation services to architects and professional engineers prior to actual plan submission, through scheduled appointments or walk in consultation.

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyConsultation comes in many ways, walk-in, appt, email, phone and by post.

Fire Safety Plans BranchFire Safety Plans BranchWaiver Team Plans & Fees Verification TeamMr Lee Wee Keong

Plans Audit Team

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyPlan approval within 2 days based on self regulation scheme. Waiver to be processed within 7 working days. Auditing of plans is 7 days for minor plans and 3 weeks for major plan.

SHELTER DEVELOPMENT BRANCHShelterLTC Cheok Poh Chin

SO Shelter Management SO Shelter Development

SO Shelter Project

Shelter SO Shelter Plans Plans

SO Special Installation

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyOrganisational chart of SDB

ROLE OF SHELTER BRANCHThe functions of Shelter Br, FSSD are as follows:n

To plan, develop and direct the implementation of policy and plans related to the CD shelter programme. To establish, implement and review the shelter requirements and specifications relating to planning, construction, maintenance and management of shelters. To formulate the CD shelter master plan.

n

n

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyExplain the roles of SDB, FSSD

ROLE OF SHELTER BRANCHn n

To establish the desired protection criteria for all types of CD shelter. To establish and review the legislation, regulations and guidelines related to shelter requirements. To formulate and implement plans relating to the development of shelter expertise such as research, training and acquisition of consultancy and resource materials. To develop doctrines relating to shelter management and operational readiness.

n

n


ROLE OF SHELTER BRANCHn

To ensure the readiness of shelters by conducting inspections. To provide specialist support to CD Commanders on the establishment and training of the Shelter Management Units. To provide specialist support on the conduct of shelter exercises. To develop plans and to establish requirements relating to the conversion of existing building structures into improvised shelters.

n

n

n


PLANS & CUSTOMER SERVICE BRANCH

Plans/Policies review

Customer Service Centre

Plans Store Team

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyOrganisational chart of P&CSB

PLANS & CUSTOMER SERVICE BRANCHn

Co-ordinate the planning and monitor the implementation of Fire Safety and Sheltering Policies. Co- ordinate the formulation/review of legislation provisions, planning directives, circulars and guidelines for Fire Safety and Shelter Branch.

n

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyRole of P&CSB


Prepare annual and multi-level budgets and controls expenditure for the Fire Safety and Shelter projects Prepare annual work plans objectives, outputs and performance indicators. Ensure proper operation of Customer Service Centre

n

n



Prepare reports and materials on Fire safety and Shelter matters for government agencies and media. Co-ordinate preparation of publicity materials and public affair events (with PAD).

n

Co-ordinate IT initiatives development.n


n

Collaboration with other Home Team agencies and departments from other Ministries Listening and working together with the QPs and the RIs through dialogue session

n

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyDialogue session are organized by the various body ie SIA, IES, AERES

WERE NOT ALONEn

Close collaboration with relevant professional bodies through Standing Committees, Dialogue Sessions and Shelter Discussion Groups Partnering with the community through CSSP initiatives MOU with tertiary institutions (eg: NUS, NTU, University of Western Sydney, NP, NYP, TP)

n

n

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyWork closely with many other agencies and stat boards. FSSD Seminar is now held once a year.

CED

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyBegin section on CED

Organization Structure of CEDOffice of Director Central Enforcement Dept Plans & Prosecution Branch

Enforcement Branch

Certification Branch

Licensing Branch

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyThe structure of CED is as shown

PLANS & PROSECUTION BRANCH

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyRole of P&PB

ENFORCEMENT BRANCH

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyThese are the functions of the enforcement branch

CERTIFICATION BRANCH

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyRole of Certification Branch

LICENSING BRANCH

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyRole of Licensing Branch

Q&ABuilding Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyInvite questions

THE ENDBuilding Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyEnd of presentation

ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES OF

FIRE SAFETY MANAGERBuilding Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyIntroduce the topic

FIRE SAFETY MANAGER With the passing of the FSA 93 & Reg 94 Mandatory for owners of designated building to appoint FSM 1 FSM to 1 Bldg Appointed by Bldg Owner Aim to enhance bldgs fire safety standard To impress on owner and mngt to be responsible/ be involved Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyExplain that under the 1994 Fire Safety Act, the authority may specify any premises or class of premises owner or occupier to appoint a qualified Fire Safety Manager, With the appointment, Fire Safety Managers are required to assist building owners or occupier in the performance of his duties under the Fire Safety Act or any related regulations. Together with the owner, they are to ensure that the fire safety measures and fire safety practices in the premises comply with the regulations under the Fire Safety Act & Regulations and/or to the standard as specified by the Commissioner.

FSM SCHEME Commercial premises (phase 1,2,3 completed) about 450 buildings (1994, 95, 96) Industrial premises (phase 1 completed) - 59 (1997 onwards) Industrial premises (phase 2) - about 1000 buildings. (In 1998) Enforcement - 1st Jan 99 Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyBuildings involved in the FSM scheme

FSM IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS

Conduct training courses Discussion / Dialogue with building owners - ongoing

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyAll public and industrial buildings which have a gross floor area of 5,000 sq metres or more or an occupant load of 1,000 persons or more, are required to have a Fire Safety Manager. Any industrial building which is classified as a high risk premises, is also required to have a Fire Safety Manager. Examples of buildings that are required to have Fire Safety Managers (FSM) are shopping centres, hotels, office buildings, factories, warehouses etc. Certain public buildings such as hospitals are also required to have FSMs. Examples of high risk premises are those that are involved in chemical and petrochemical activities.

DUTIES OF OWNER OR OCCUPIER

Within 90 days appoint FSM Provide FSM facilities, equipment & information Permit FSM to attend courses/training

Building Capacity Enhancing Capabilities GloballyThe owner or occupier of specified premises shall: Within 90 days from the time the premises are specified or fall within the class of premises specified by the Minister under section 22(1) of the Act, appoint a FSM. Provide the fire safety manager appointed by him with such facilities, equipment and information as are necessary to enable the fire safety manager to discharge his duties effectively and efficiently. Permit the fire safety manager to attend such courses of instruction and receive such training relating to the work of the fire safety manager as may be required by the Commissioner. Reimburse the fire safety manager for all expenses incurred by him in attending such courses or

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