1FHC Human Anatomy & Physiology Name ______________________________Chapter 14 – The Lymphatic (Immune) System I 413-419 I’ll Never Be Able To ___________________

Do We Have To Read The Introduction?

The Lymphatic Network

Lymphatic Capillaries

The lymphatic system might be thought of as part of the _________________ system. Hmmmm.What, according to your textbook, are the two main jobs of the lymphatic system?

1.2.

The lymphatic network consists of a series of ____________ that transport ______ and return it to the _______________.The body’s fluids are named ____________ fluids.This fluid is formed when ___________ escapes through capillary walls.How much of this fluid is returned to capillaries? _____%How is the remaining 10% returned to the circulatory system? Through the l___________ n_________!Are lymphatic vessels more like arteries or veins? (Circle one!)Is lymphatic vessel flow one-way or circular? (Circle one!)The fluid inside a lymphatic vessel is named __________. The smallest lymphatic vessels are called lymphatic ______________.These unite to form lymphatic ____________.These unite to form lymphatic _______________.

_____ Where are lymphatic vessels found? A. Nearly everywhereB. Almost nowhere

Where aren’t they found? The b________ and s________ c__________, in b__________ and in sk________.Do lymphatic capillaries have…

__________________ thin walls or thick walls?__________________ valves or no valves?__________________ well-developed muscularis or poorly-developed muscularis?__________________ porous or non-porous walls?

LymphCapillary

LymphVessel

2Lymphatic Vessels

Lymphatic Trunks and Collecting Ducts

The Movement of Lymph

Lymphatic vessels unite to form l____________ t_________.Name the two collecting ducts that lead to the circulatory system.What major vessel does the thoracic duct unite with? __________________________What major vessel does the right lymphatic duct unite with? __________________________

Lymphatic vessels are formed from the union of lymphatic ______________.Do lymphatic vessels have…

__________________ thin walls or thick walls?__________________ valves or no valves?__________________ well-developed muscularis or poorly-developed muscularis?

On their course through the body, most lymphatic vessels pass through l_________ n________.

What are the three forces that move lymph through lymphatic vessels?1.2.3.

The solute particles that create the pressure necessary to force interstitial fluids into lymphatic capillaries are p_____________ molecules.Does interstitial fluid enter lymphatic capillaries by active (energy-requiring) or passive (physical) force? ______________Do lymphatic vessels parallel the paths of arteries or veins? (Circle one!)The contraction of ___________ muscle provides much of the force of lymph propulsion.The rhythms of b___________ also help “pump” lymph through lymphatic vessels.There is only one direction that lymph can move…toward the _______________.

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Lymphatic Organs

Lymph Nodes

How many lymph nodes are there in the human body? Tens? Hundreds? Thousands? Millions? Billions?

The cells in lymph nodes that engulf damaged cells and other debris are called __________________.Most of the cells in the lymph node are blood cells called _____________ that are concentrated in the lymph

node cortex and medulla.

Spleen

Thymus Gland

Tonsils

The bone that protects the front of the thymus gland is the ________________.The thymus mediates the maturation of __- lymphocytes.Most of this function occurs when the individual is ___________ (young / old).

Is #1 an afferent vessel or an efferent vessel? ___________Is the hilus located at #1 or #6? ____#6 points to __________ lymphatic vessels.#4 is known as the f____________ c__________.Is #3 the cortex or medulla? _______________

What tonsils are shown in the picture to the left? _______________Circle the location of the lingual tonsils.Use an arrow to point to the location of the pharyngeal tonsils.The surgical procedure that results in the removal of the tonsils is called a ________________.

The spleen is on the body’s _________ (left / right) side and curls around the _______________.The spleen looks, in many ways, like a giant ____________________.The spleen contains large blood-cell storage sinuses referred to as _______________.The regions of the spleen that contain white blood cells are called ________________.The spleen filters old _____ blood cells and p___________ from the bloodstream.The spleen is also utilized to store a little bit of extra _____________.

Lymphatic organs are composed of tissue called ___________ tissue and blood cells called ________________.The term “pathogenic” means __________ - causing.

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Peyer’s Patches

Peyer’s Patches are found at the ____________ end of the s__________ ____________.

What is it that Peyer’s Patches “do”?

Peyer's patches are areas of specialized tissue in the lower area of the small intestine that work to distinguish friend from foe as food passes through the gastrointestinal tract. Sensitized cells inside these areas identify antigens and decide whether they are harmless, associated with foods that the person is consuming for nutrition, or harmful, and linked with organisms like bacteria that could try to colonize the body. The Peyer's patches pass the word to the rest of the intestinal tract, facilitating either digestion and uptake of nutrients or an immune system attack on an invader.There are 30 to 40 Peyer's patches, all containing lymphoid tissue that is high in white blood cells. Other lymphoid tissue, known as gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), can be found in other areas of the intestines. When people are young, these areas are highly visible and easy to distinguish. With aging, they tend to fade and become less prominent.The Peyer's patches take the form of small ovoid nodules that line the gut. As food passes by, the antigens in the food are presented to the tissue and it determines whether it recognizes them and how they are classified. In addition to recognizing antigens and triggering the appropriate response, the Peyer's patches can also learn to identify new antigens, storing this information for future reference to make the immune system more effective.