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cs/M+d U;wt

] vDVwcj ] 2013

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E-mail us: [email protected]

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vk/qfud Hkkjr esa cksf/lRo Hkkjr jRu ckcklkgsc MkW- Hkhejko vkacsMdj us lu~ 1956 esa fot;n'keh ds fnu ukxiqj esa viusyk•ksa vuq;kf;;ksa ds lkFk /Ee nh{kk yh Fkh- ;g og rkjh• Fkh] tc Hkkjr esa /Ee dkjoka dks u;h xfr vkSj fn'kk feyh Fkh- vcml rkjh• ds 57 lky iwjs gksus tk jgs gSa- ,sls esa bu 57 lkyksa esa /Ee dkjoka dh çxfr] mldh n'kk] fn'kk vkSj Hkfo"; dk voyksdudjus dh vko';drk gS- ysfdu bu reke voyksduksa dh cqfu;kn esa igyk loky ;g •M+k gS fd vkf•j ckcklkgsc us /eZ ifjorZuD;ksa fd;k vkSj /Ee dkjoka D;ksa vkjaHk fd;k\

MkW- ckck lkgsc vEcsMdj ds dFkukuqlkj Hkxoku rFkkxr xkSre cq¼ dk /Ee ¶ckS¼ /Ee¸ gh l¼Ee gS vkSj Hkxokucq¼ izkphu Hkkjr ds egku lkekftd] lkaLÑfrd ØkfUrdkjh gSA og Hkxoku cq¼ dks izkphu Hkkjr ds igys vkSj lgh vFkks±esa egku ØkfUrdkjh ekurs gSaA Hkxoku cq¼ dk n'kZu vkSj fpUru] mudh ekuoh laosnu'khyrk] mudh ekuoh;rk] mudhlekurk] vfgalk] 'kfUr] HkkbZpkjk] izse] d:.kk] eS=kh dh f'k{kk] tho&txr ds ;FkkZFkZ tkuus dh f'k{kk] ekuoh Lora=krk dhf'k{kk vkt laiw.kZ lalkj ds cqf¼thfo;ksa ds fy,] ekuorkokfn;ksa ds fy,] ekuoh lekrkokfn;ksa ds fy, izsj.kk gSA Hkxoku cq¼oSKkfudksa ds fy, Hkh izjs.kk gS] lkekftd Økafrdkfj;ksa ds fy, Hkh izsj.kk gS] nk'kZfudksa dss fy, Hkh izsj.kk gS] ekuorkokfn;ksads fy, Hkh izsj.kk gSA Hkxoku cq¼ gj laonsu'khy O;fDr ds fy, izsj.kk gSaA vkSj bldk dkj.k gS mudk ekuorkoknh /Ee vkSjfpUruA

ckS¼&/eZ leqæor gSA blesa fdlh izdkj dk HksnHkko ugha gSA d:.kk dk izpkj dj cq¼ us ml le; ds in~nfyroxZ ds eu dks vkdf"kZr fd;k vkSj mls lgh jkLrk fn[kk;kA esjh le> esa ckS¼&/EkZ dh mfpr /eZ gS ftlesa mQap&uhp]/uoku&xjhc] tkfr&ikafr vkfn Hkkouk,a fo|eku ugha gSaA Hkkjr ds vNwrksa dk dY;k.k ckS¼&/eZ viukus ls gh laHko gSAfgUnw&lekt esa O;kIr vlekurk] HksnHkko] vU;k; ,oa dqjhfr;ka ckS¼&/eZ xzg.k djus ls gh nwj gks ldrh gSaA

Hkkjr ds vNwrksa ds ckS¼&/eZ Lohdkj djus ij cekZ] phu] tkiku] yadk vkfn leLr ckS¼ ns'kksa dh lgkuqHkwfr gekjhd:.k (n;uh;) n'kk ij gksxh vkSj ge lnSo ds fy, fgUnw&/eZ dh nklrk ls eqfDr ik lkdsaxsA vkt mDr ns'k ge ij gksusokys vU;k; ,oa vekuoh; vR;kpkj ds fo:¼ dksbZ vkokt blfy, ugha mBkrs D;ksafd os le>rs gSa fd ;g fgUnqvksa dh viuh?kjsyw leL;k gSA ;fn ckS¼&/eZ dks xzg.k djus ds ckn Hkh fgUnw yksx gesa lekurk] Lora=krk ,oa Hkzkr`Ro ls oafpr j[krs gSa]rksge mDr jk"Vªksa ds lg;ksx ls mls cM+h ljyrk ls izkIr dj ldrs gSaaA

vkt eSa leLr vNwr Hkkb;ksa dk vkokgu djrk gwa fd os ,sls /eZ dks viuk,a ftlesa ekuo&ekuo esa dksbZ Hksn u gks]lekurk ,oa Hkzkr`Ro ds vf/dkj izkIr gksaa ;g mPp vkn'kZ ckS¼&/eZ esa gh gSA ftl izdkj fofHkUu ukeksa okyh rFkk fofHkUufn'kkvksa ls vkbZ gqbZ ufn;ka leqæ esa feydj ,d gks tkrh gSa] mldk leqæ gh uke gks tkrk gS] mlh izdkj ckS¼&/eZ dk xzg.kdjlHkh leku gks tkrs gSa] fdlh izdkj dh fo"kerk ugha jg tkrhA

ckS¼&/eZ dsoy vNwrksa ds fy, gh ugha gSA ;g ekuo&ek=k ds fy, dY;k.kdkjh gSA bls vNwr gh ugha] lo.kZ fgUnw Hkhviukdj viuk dY;k.k djsaA tgka vU; /eksZ esa loZizFke bZ'oj dks l`f"VdrkZ dgdj lHkh nks"k mlh dh l`f"V ls mn~Hkwr ekustkrs gSa vkSj mlh ds uke lqjf{kr le>s tkrs gSa] ogka ckS¼&/eZ esa nq[k dh leL;k vkSj mlls eqfDr ikus ij loZizFke fopkjfd;k tkrk gSA vNwrksa dks ckS¼&/eZ xzg.k dj bu lHkh vU;k;ksa ,oa fo"kerkvksa ls eqfDr ik ysuh pkfg,A

izR;sd ckS¼ ds fy, vfuok;Z gS fd og izfr jfookj dks cq¼&fogkj esa tk,a vkSj ogka mins'k lqusaA ;fn ,slk u gksxk rksuonhf{kr ckS¼ksa dks /eZ dh tkudkjh u gks ldsxhA izR;sd {ks=k esa ,sls cq¼&fogkjksa dk fuekZ.kfd;k tk,] ftlesa lHkk djus ds fy, dkiQh LFkku jgsA

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eqn~nk&fo'ks"k

MkSafM;k •sM+k çkphu ckS¼ dsaæ gS

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Hkkjrh; iqjkrÙo loZs{k.k ,d lk/w ds lius ds vk/kj ij mÙkj çns'k ds mUuko tuindh iqjok rglhy ds MkSafM;k •sM+k uked xzke esa tks mR•uu dk;Z djok jgk gS ml LFkkuds çkekf.kd bfrgkl dk fu:i.k lqçfl¼ ckS¼ fo}ku çksiQslj v¡xus yky th us viuh'kks/ijd iqLrd mÙkj çns'k ds ckS¼ dsaæ* dh i"B la[;k 209&10 esa igys gh dj fn;kFkkA bl xzUFk dks ^mÙkj çns'k fganh laLFkku*] y•uÅ] us 2006 esa çdkf'kr fd;k FkkA;g ?kksj foMEcuk gh gS fd tgka ,d rjiQ lekpkji=kksa o Vhoh U;wt pSuyksa dhifjppkZvksa esa bl ,sfrgkfld :i ls vR;ar egRoiw.kZ iqLrd vkSj mles fy•h cgqewY;tkudkjh dk ftØ rd ugha fd;k tk jgk gS] ogh¡ nwljh vkSj MkSafM;k•sM+k ls lEc¼vusd diksydfYir dFkkvksa dks c<+&p<+dj is'k fd;k tk jgk gSA esjs fuokZ.kçkIrfirkth o /qja/j ckS¼ bfrgkldkj] çksiQslj v¡xus yky (25-09-1935 & 24-03-2011)}kjk fyf•r xzUFk 'mÙkj çns'k ds ckS¼ dsaæ' ds i"B la[;k 209&10 ij Nih MkSafM;k•sM+k ds fo"k; esa tkudkjh eSa vki lcds laKkukFkZ ;gka ij ;Fkkor :i ls çLrqr djrsgq, lkFk esa lEcaf/r nLrkostksa dh LdSu çfr Hkh layXu dj jgk gwaA

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��;g çkphu ckS¼ dsUæ ftyk mUuko dh

iqjok rglhy esa] mUuko ls MyeÅ tkusokyh lM+d ds 3 eh- (5 fd-eh-) nwj xaxkunh ds ck,a rV dh vksj ukSjkgh unh ds Åapsfdukjs ij fLFkr gSA ;g cDlj ls 4 fd-eh-if'pe esa gSA phuh ;k=kh gosulkax us bldkuke vks;eq• fy•k gSA egksn; vysDt.Mjdfua?ke us bldh igpku MkSafM;k •sM+k lsdh gSA

phuh ;k=kh gosulkax ds vuqlkj ;gk¡ 5ckS¼ la?kkjke Fks ftuesa 1000 fHk{kq jgrs FksA;s LFkkfojoknh (Fksjoknh) Fks vkSj mldhlEefr; 'kk•k dks ekurs FksA

uxj ds ikl gh nf{k.k iwoZ esa xaxk dsfdukjs 200 fiQV Å¡pk v'kksd jktk dkcuok;k gqvk Lrwi FkkA ;g ogh LFkku Fkktgka rFkkxr xkSre cq¼ us 3 eghus /eZ dkmins'k fn;k FkkA blds vfrfjÙkQ ;gk¡ ijpkj iwoZ cq¼ksa ds Lekjd Hkh ;k=kh us ns•s FksAblds lehi gh ,d nwljk Lrwi Hkh Fkkftles Hkxoku cq¼ ds ds'k] u• /krqlfUufgr fd;s x, FksA bl Lrwi ds ikl ,dcM+k la?kkjke Fkk ftles ;k=kh us 200 ckS¼fHk{kq ns•s FksA bl la?kkjke ds cq¼ky; esaLFkkfir yksd uk;d xkSre cq¼ dh bruhlqUnj vkSj lqMkSy çfrek Fkh fd og lthoçrhr gksrh FkhA ;g la?kkjke f'k{kk vkSjlkfgR; dh nf"V ls Hkh Js"B ekuk tkrk FkkAblh la?kkjke esa cSBdj ckS¼kpk;Z cq¼nkl uslokZfLrokn fudk; ds egkfoHkk"kk 'kkL=k dhjpuk dh FkhA

gosulkax Åxw (vk;qrks) ls iwoZ fn'kkesa 300 ¾ 50 eh- pydj g; eq• uxjigqapk Fkk tks xaxk unh ds fdukjs 3 ehy(20) ds foLrkj esa fLFkr FkkA ekxZ esa dgk¡mlus xaxk ikj dh] dgk¡ Bxksa us idM+djmls nqxkZ nsoh ds eafnj esa cfy p<kus dkç;kl fd;k vkfn ?kVukvksa dk] mlds ;k=kkfooj.k vkSj mlds thou pfj=k dksfeykdj i<+us ls ;g Kkr gksrk gS fd Åxwls og xaxk unh ls uko }kjk jokuk gqvk Fkk]D;ksafd çkphu dky esa xaxk Åxw vrgk vkSj

ek•h ds ikl gh cgrh FkhA rRi'pkr ogvk/qfud vrgk igqapk tgka Hk;kud taxyFkkA ;gha Bxksa us mls idM+ dj cfy nsus dhdksf'k'k dhA vrgk esa bl le; Hkh nqxkZeafnj gSA ysfdu gosulkax fdlh çdkj cpfudykA og ekjoh (vk/qfud xk¡o) dsikl uko NksM+dj LFky ekxZ ls MkSafM;k•sM+k igqapk FkkA

dfua?ke egksn; us phuh ;k=kh }kjkof.kZr g; eq• dh igpku MkSafM;k •sM+k lsdh gSA ;gk¡ ds fo'kky Vhys ij mUgksaus 385oxZ fiQV ds ,d Hkou vFkok fdys dsvo'ks"k ns•s Fks tks fdlh la?kkjke ds fpUggks ldrs gSaA dfua?ke egksn; us MksfM;k dkvFkZ uxkM+k ihVus okyk fd;k gSA phuh ;k=khg; eq• esa cq¼nkl tSls ckS¼kpk;ks± dk

o.kZu djrk gqvk dbZ la?kkjkeksa] gtkjksa ckS¼fHk{kqvksa vkSj lkekU; rFkk /krq Lrwiksa dk Hkho.kZu djrk gSA ;gk¡ 3 eghus rd Lo;axkSre cq¼ us mins'k fn;k Fkk ftllsçHkkfor gksdj LoHkkor% gtkjksa yksx muds/ekZuq;k;h cus gksaxsA bls /kfeZd nqanqHkhctkuk dgk tk ldrk gSA ;gk¡ cq¼ us Lo;aln/eZ dk Madk gh rks ctk;k FkkA

dfua?ke egksn; dk er gS fdgosulkax us g; eq• uxj esa ftu la?kkjkeksavkSj Lrwiksa dk o.kZu fd;k gS mudh •kst]FkksM+h nwj fLFkr xquhj vkSj dqVhj Vhyksa esa dhtkuh pkfg,A vLrq Hkkjrh; iqjkrÙo loZs{k.kfoHkkx rFkk m-ç- jkT; iqjkrÙo foHkkx dksbl fn'kk esa lfØ; dne mBkuk pkfg,A

ys[kd izks0 vaxus yky ds iq=k gSaA

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eqn~nk&fo'ks"k

phuh ;k=kh Þosulkax tc 'kkD;eqfucq¼ ds /jrh ij vk;s Fks rc mÙkj çns'k dsorZeku mUuko tuin dh iqjok rglhy dsMkSafM;k •sM+k uked xzke x, Fks] vkSj blMkSafM;k •sM+k uked xzke dk mYys• vius;k=kk bfro`Ùk esa 'vks;eq•' fy•k gSAHkkjrh; iqjkrÙo loZs{k.k foHkkx lk/w dsdgus ls lksuk •kst jgh okLrfod MkSafM;k•sM+k çkphu ckS¼ dsaæ gS ! vkSj Hkkjrh;iqjkrÙo loZs{k.k foHkkx bl lPpkbZ dkstkurk gS ! lezkV v'kksd us bl MkSafM;k•sM+k uxj ds ikl gh nf{k.k iwoZ esa xaxk dsfdukjs 200 fiQV Å¡pk Lrqiks dk fuekZ.kfd;k FkkA ;gk¡ ,d v'kksd LrEHk gS ftlsyksx bls f'kofyax dgrs gS okLrfod ;gf'kofyax u gksdj ;g v'kksd LrEHk gS !vysDt.Mj dfua?ke us bldh igpkuMkSafM;k •sM+k ls dh gSA phuh ;k=kh Þosulkaxds fooj.k ds vuqlkj ;gk¡ 5 ckS¼ la?kkjkeFks ftuesa 1000 fHk{kq jgrs FksA ;s LFkkfojoknh(Fksjoknh) Fks vkSj mldh lEefr; 'kk•kdks ekurs FksA ;g ogh LFkku Fkk tgkarFkkxr xkSre cq¼ us 3 eghus /eZ dkmins'k fn;k FkkA blds vfrfjÙkQ ;gk¡ ijpkj iwoZ cq¼ksa ds Lekjd Hkh ;k=kh us ns•s FksAblds lehi gh ,d nwljk Lrwi Hkh Fkkftles Hkxoku cq¼ ds ds'k] u• /krqlfUufgr fd;s x, FksA bl Lrwi ds ikl ,dcM+k la?kkjke Fkk ftles ;k=kh us 200 ckS¼fHk{kq ns•s FksA

MkSafM;k •sM+k ftldk mYys• Þosulkax'vks;eq•' ds uke ls fy•k gS ;g la?kkjkeokLrfod ,d ckS¼ fo'ofo|ky; ds :iesa Fkk vkSj bl ckS¼ fo'ofo|ky; esa cq¼dh vueksy vçfre çfrek;s Fkh! cq¼ dhçfrek;s ,sls Fkh ekuks cq¼ gesa /Ee ns'kukns jgs gks] ;g MkSafM;k •sM+k dk çkphu ckS¼fo'ofo|ky; fo'otxr ds fy, f'k{kk vkSj

MkSafM;k •sM+k dk çkphu ckS¼ fo'ofo|ky; fo'o txr esaf'k{kk ,oa lkfgR;dh nf"V ls vueksy •tkuk FkkA

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cs/M+d U;wt

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eqn~nk&fo'ks"k

lkfgR; dh n`f"V ls vueksy •tkuk FkkAblh ckS¼ fo'ofo|ky; esa cSBdj ckS¼kpk;Zcq¼nkl us lokZfLrokn fudk; dsegkfoHkk"kk 'kkL=k dh jpuk dh FkhA phuh;k=kh Þosulkax ds çkekf.kd bfrgkl dsçek.kksa dks ysdj çksiQslj v¡xus yky th usviuh 'kks/ijd iqLrd "mÙkj çns'k dsckS¼ dsaæ" dh i`"B la[;k 209&10 bldhtkudkjh nh gS vkSj bl xzUFk dks 'mÙkjçns'k fganh laLFkku'] y•uÅ] us 2006 esaçdkf'kr fd;k gSA

çkphu ckS¼ LFkyksa ds çfr Hkkjrh;iqjkrÙo loZs{k.k foHkkx dh Hkwfedk laf/xrjgh gS] bl foHkkx us bu LFkyksa dks ysdjdHkh Hkh ckS¼ la?kVuks ds lkFk dk;Z ughafd;k] Hkkjrh; iqjkrÙo loZs{k.k foHkkx]çkphu ckS¼ LFkyksa dks ysdj uk gh Lo;%fodkl djrh gS vkSj uk gh ckS¼ la?kVuksdks lkFk esa ysdj dk;Z djrh gS] bl n`"Vhls Hkkjrh; iqjkrÙo loZs{k.k foHkkx dhHkwfedk ckS¼ksa ds çkphu ckS¼ LFkyksa dsvfLFkRo dks feVkus dh Hkwfedk fuHkk jgh gS! fons'kks esa pkgs og eqfLye jk"Vª ;kif'pe ds jk"Vª ;k iwoZ ,f'k;k gks ;knf{k.k&iwoZ ,f'k;k ds jk"Vª lHkh us çkphuckS¼ LFkyksa ds fo'o fojklr dks laHkkydjj•k gS! Hkkjr ljdkj dks bu çkphu ckS¼LFkyksa ds fodkl ds fy, l;qÙkQ jk"Vª la?k ls/u feyus ds ckÅtqn bu LFkyksa dks canhcukdj j•k gS] bu çkphu ckS¼ LFkyksa dsvklikl czkEg.kksa ds eafnj ds fuekZ.k esa•pZ fd;k x;k gS] Hkkjrh; iqjkrÙo loZs{k.kfoHkkx dh Hkwfedk çkphu ckS¼ LFkyksa dsvfLFkRo lekIr djus dh gS !

çkphu ckS¼ LFkyksa dh n'kk ns•j eudk nnZ mHkj vkrk gS | Hkkjrh; iqjkrÙoloZs{k.k foHkkx rFkk ek;korh ds 'kklu dsnkSjku m-ç- jkT; iqjkrÙo foHkkx] mÙkj çns'kds çkphu ckS¼ LFkyksa ds fodkl ds fy,xwaxh] cgjh] va/h Fkh! ckcklkgsc MkW-vkEcsMdj ds çcq¼ Hkkjr ds liuks dh ?kksjfojks/ djus okyh ek;korh ljdkj us dHkhbu çkphu ckS¼ LFkyksa ds fodkl ds fy,ctsV esa fdlh çdkj dk çko/ku Hkh ugha

fd;k! laln esa bu çkphu ckS¼ LFkyksa dksysdj lknk loky Hkh ugha fd;k dh çkphuckS¼ LFkyksa ds 180 ehVj ds vanj dsvklikl ds {ks=kks esa czkEg.kksa ds eafnj D;ksacu jgs gS \ ek;korh ds xwaxs] cgjs vkSj va/s laln lnL;ksa us laln esa dHkh ;g Hkh ughaiwNk dh l;qÙkQ jk"Vª la?k ls çkphu ckS¼LFkyksa ds fodkl fy, çkIr gqok /u laLÑrfo'o fo'ofo|ky; ds fodkl ds fy, D;ksa•pZ fd;k x;k \

Hkkjrh; iqjkrÙo loZs{k.k foHkkx] ckS¼la?kVuks dk lg;ksx ysdj çkphu ckS¼LFkyksa dk fodkl D;ksa ugha djrh gS \ D;ksaikyh&çkÑr cq¼ ok.kh dks laLÑr esavuqokn fd;k tk jgk gS \ D;ksa çcq¼ Hkkjrds lkezkT; dh tucksyh ^ikyh çkÑr*jk"Vªh; Hkk"kk dks UPSC ls gVk;k x;k \ ,slsvusdks loky gS ftls viuksa us gh lÙkk dsykyp esa jksa/dj nqyZf{kr fd;k gS!

fcBwj vkSj vklikl /krq ds Vhys gksus dk ftØmÙkj çns'k ds mUuko ds MkSafM;k •sM+k esa lksus dh •kst ij mB jgs lokyksa ds

ckotwn fcBwj {ks=k esa /krq ds Vhyksa ds ekStwn gksus dk ftØ feyrk gS-baihfj;y xtsfV;j vkiQ bafM;k ds •aM 24 ds vuqlkj] iQkáku us esjB ds ikl

uoy dLcs dk ftØ ^, yks* ds :i esa fd;k gS tcfd Þosu lkax us uonsodqykdk ftØ uk-iks fr-dq yks ds :i esa fd;k gS ftls vc ukScrxat ds :i esa tkuktkrk gS-

blesa dgk x;k gS fd bu LFkkuksa ij ckS¼ dky ds dbZ çkphu Vhys ekStwn Fkstgka dbZ rjg dh /krq gks ldrh gS ysfdu ml le; budh •qnkbZ ugha dh xbZ Fkh-

xtsfV;j ds vuqlkj] Hkkjrh; iqjkrRo lozs{k.k ds rRdkyhu egkfuns'kd,ysDtsaMj dfua?ke us Hkh 1867 esa bl {ks=k dk nkSjk fd;k Fkk vkSj mUuko] fcBwj vkfnbykdksa esa iqjkrkfRod egRo dh phtsa ekStwn gksus dk mYys• fd;k Fkk- ml le;fcBwj ds djhc xaxk unh ds bykds esa ifj;kj {ks=k esa rkacs ds rhj dk vxzHkkx %iQyd%lesr dbZ /krq fufeZr oLrq,a feyh Fkha-

fcBwj dk ,sfrgkfld egRo gS vkSj vaxzstksa ds f•ykiQ yM+kbZ ds nkSjku ukuklkgc] rkR;ka Vksis vkSj jkuh y{ehckbZ us fcBwj ds fdys esa viuh lsuk ,d=k dh Fkh-

MkSafM;k •sM+k esa lksus ds •tkus dh ryk'k ds fy, •qnkbZ t:j tkjh gS] ysfdubl ckjs esa Hkkjrh; iqjkrRo lozs{k.k ds dsaæh; iqjkrRo lykgdkj cksMZ %dkck% dhLFkk;h lfefr ds le{k ppkZ ugha gqbZ Fkh-

,,lvkbZ ds ,d vf/dkjh us dgk fd ;gka •qnkbZ djus ds laca/ esa ,,lvkbZds egkfuns'kd us eatwjh nh Fkh-

ns'k ds mR•uu dk;ZØeksa dk leUo; djus ds fy, dsaæ ljdkj ds vuqeksnuds fy, Hkkjrh; iqjkrRo lozs{k.k %,,lvkbZ% egkfuns'kd ds le{k is'k fd;s x,çLrko ij dsaæh; iqjkrRo lykgdkj cksMZ dh LFkk;h lfefr fopkj djrh gS-

2013&14 ds nkSjku iqjkrkfRod mR•uu ds fy, 31 tqykbZ 2013 rd iw.kZfooj.k ds lkFk çLrko ekaxs x, Fks rkfd LFkk;h lfefr bl ij fopkj dj lds buçLrkoksa dks jkT; ljdkjksa ds ekè;e ls is'k djus dks dgk x;k Fkk vU;Fkk bUgsa jídjus dh ckr dgh xbZ Fkh-

cgjgky] baihfj;y xtsfV;j vkiQ bafM;k ds vuqlkj] 29 tqykbZ 1857 dksmUuko ds bykds esa vaxzst lsukifr gsoykWd vkSj Hkkjrh; xnj lsukfu;ksa ds chp ;q¼gqvk Fkk ftlesa xnj lsukuh ijkftr gq, Fks- iQjojh 1858 rd iwjs mUuko vkSjvklikl ds bykds ij vaxzstksa dk iw.kZ fu;a=k.k gks x;k Fkk-

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fujarj xfreku gS /EepØcksf/lRo ckcklkgsc MkW- Hkhe jko vEcsMdj th us 14 vDVwcj 1956 esa

v'kksdk fot; n'keh ds fnu cq¼ /Ee dh fn{kk yhA ;g ,sfrgkfld fnolfo'o ds xkSjoiw.kZ rFkk oSHko'kkyh bfrgkl es Lo.kkZ{kjksa ls ltk;k x;kAy{kko/h 'kksf"krksa dk bl fnu u;k tUe gqvkA ihf<;ksa ls ynh xqykeh ds ca/uksa dk rksMrs gq, rFkk czkÞe.kcknh dqjhfr;ka ,oa fo"kerkvksa dk fojks/ djrsgq, rFkk fgUnw/eZ ds Bsdsnkj ,oa iqjksfgrksa dh Nkrhij dhy Bksdrs gq, yk•ksa'kksf"kr ,oa 'kkflrksa us euq"; ds :i esa u;k tUe /kj.k fd;kA MkW- vkacsMdjus /Ee nh{kk ysrs gq, dgk Fkk fd oks ,d u, fdLe dk /Ee dkjoka vkjaHkdjus tk jgs gSa] ftlesa ckS¼ fHk{kq 'khy lnkpkj dk ikyu djrs gq,lkekftd vkSj lkaLÑfrd iqutkZxj.k dk dk;Z djsaxs- ;g gekjk /ekZarj.kugh cfYd gekjs vius ewy /Ee esa iqu%ços'k gSA vc gesa og vkpj.k tksfo"kerkoknh fganw/eZ ls çHkkfor gS tks euq"; ds fy, vfgrdj gS dk R;kxdj cq¼ /Eekuqlkj vkpj.k djuk vko';d gSA

14 vÙkQwcj% nh{kk fnol ij fo'ks"k vkoj.k dFkk

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ukxiqj esa 14 vDVwcj 1956 dks djhcikap yk• nfyrksa us MkW- vkacsMdj dh ,dvihy ij fo"kerkoknh fganw /eZ dksR;kxdj lerkoknh foKkufu"B ckS¼ /Eedh ,d gh le; ,d lkFk nh{kk yh- ;gfo'o ds bfrgkl esa vfoLej.kh; ?kVuk Fkh-fdlh ,d O;fÙkQ ds vkokgu ij gqvk ;g,dek=k /eZifjorZu gS- ;g 'kkafriw.kZifjorZu vuwBk Fkk- nfyr] vLi`";] oafprksdks xqykeh ls eqÙkQ djus ds fy;s ckcklkgcus /ekZarj.k fd;k Fkk- ukxiqj ds /ekZarj.klekjksg ds i'pkr mUgksaus ^lkjk HkkjrckS¼e;* djus dk ladYi fd;k Fkk- bly{; çkfIr dh vksj MkW- vkacsMdj vxzljFks- ukxiqj ds ckn fonHkZ esa gh 16 vDVwcj1956 dks pkank (paæiqj) esa MkW- vkacsMdjus djhc nks yk• yksxksa dks /Ee dh nh{kknh- ;g nwljk /Eenh{kk lekjksg Fkk- vktpaæiqj dh ml Hkwfe ij Hkh ,d nh{kkHkwfecuh gqbZ gS tgka nh{kk lekjksg gqvk Fkk- ogkaij Hkh gj o"kZ 16 vDVwcj dks /EepØçorZu fnol lekjksg vk;ksftr fd;k tkrkgS- paæiqj esa Hkh yk•ksa yksx bdB~Bk gksrs gSa-

paæiqj ds /Eenh{kk lekjksg dsi'pkr MkW- vkacsMdj us 16 fnlacj 1956dks eqacbZ esa /Eenh{kk dk;ZØe vk;ksftrdjus dh ?kks"k.kk dh Fkh- eqacbZ ds lekjksgds ckn ubZ fnYyh vkSj fiQj iVuk esa /Eenh{kk lekjksg vk;ksftr djus dh mudh;kstuk Fkh- ysfdu mlds igys gh 6 fnlacj1956 dks ckcklkgsc dk egkifjfuokZ.k gksx;k- eqacbZ esa nknj ds leqanj fdukjs 'e'kkuHkwfe ij 7 fnlacj dks yk•ksa 'kksdkdqyyksxksa dh mifLFkfr esa ckS¼ i¼fr ls vafrelaLdkj fd;k x;k- mlh LFkku ij mifLFkryk•ksa yksxksa dks Hknar MkW- vkuan dkSlY;k;uds tfj, ckS¼ /Ee dh nh{kk nh xbZ- ;gLFkku vkt pkSR;Hkwfe ds uke ls tkuk tkrkgS- eqacbZ esa iwoZ vk;ksftr 16 fnlacj 1956ds /ekZarj.k lekjksg ds LFkku ij ukf'kd(egkjk"Vª) es /Ee nh{kk dk dk;ZØelaiUu gqvk-

bl rjg MkW- vkacsMdj dsegkifjfuokZ.k ds ckn Hkh ckS¼ /Ee dh /

ekZarj.k çfØ;k tkjh jgh- mÙkj çns'k esablds vxqok nfyr usrk ch-ih- ekS;Z Fks- ekS;Z}kjk pyk, x;s /ekZarj vfHk;ku esa yk•ksayksxksa us ckS¼ /Ee dh 'kj.k yh- ns'k dsfofHkUu Hkkxksa esa nfyrksa ds ckS¼ /Ee esanhf{kr gksus dk flyflyk vfojr tkjh jgk-80 vkSj 90 ds n'kdksa esa bl çfØ;k dksvkSj vf/d xfr feyh- bl lanHkZ esafo'ofo[;kr ckS¼ fo}ku MkW- Hknar vkuandkSlY;k;u us MkW- vkacsMdj dh 90ohat;arh ds volj ij dgk Fkk esjs fopkj esa/ekZarj ls lcls cM+k ifjorZu fnekxhifjorZu gksrk gS- ckS¼ /Ee xzg.k djus lsigys ;g yksx vNqr cus jguk viuk /eZekurs Fks- euksfLFkfr ,slh Fkh fd ge gjrjg dk vR;kpkj lgus ds fy;s gh iSnk gq,gSa- ckS¼ /Ee xzg.k djus okys uockS¼ vcvNqriu ls yM+us vkSj vR;kpkfj;ksa lsla?k"kZ djus dks viuk /eZ ekuus yxs gSa-

ckcklkgsc MkW- vkacsMdj tUe'krkCnho"kZ 1990&91 esa txg&txg ij /ekZarj.klekjksg laiUu gq,- v'kksd fot;kn'keh 29flracj 1990 dks vkxjk esa fo'kky lekjksgesa nks yk• yksxksa us fganw /eZ R;kxdj ckS¼/Ee viuk;k- vkxjk 'kgj ds 'kkgxatehukcktkj dksBh esa ;g lekjksg gqvk-vkxjk] eFkqjk] ,Vk] fiQjkstkckn] eSuiqjh]vyhx<+ vkfn 12 ftyksa ls vk;s gq, nfyrleqnk; ds fofHkUu mitkfr;ksa ls rkYyqdj•us okys yksxksa us /ekZarj dj ckS¼ /eZviuk;k- bl lekjksg dh vxqokbZvuqlwfpr tkfr&vtkfr fodkl ifj"kn dsvè;{k ofj"B usrk xqykc lsgjk us dh Fkh-Hkkjrh; ckS¼ egklHkk dh çeq• ehjkrkbZvkacsMdj us bl nh{kk lekjksg dk mn~?kkVufd;k Fkk- lekjksg es ofj"B usrk ch-ih-ekS;Z] ekLVj ekuflag] lqanjyky xkSre vkSjmÙkj Hkkjr esa ckS¼ /Ee çlkj esa vxz.khfHk{kq /EedhrhZ vius la?k ds lkFkfojkteku Fks- /ekZarj vfHk;ku dks bllekjksg ls iqu% xfr feyh-

dkuiqj esa 50 yksxksa us 18 uoacj 1990dks ckS¼ /Ee xzg.k fd;k- ml oÙkQ xqykclsgjk us dgk Fkk ^ ns'k ds reke fganwoknh

laxBu vkSj /ekZpk;Z tks xkS gR;k ij rwiQku•M+k djrs gSa] ,d nfyr dh gR;k ij ekSujgrs gSa- ,sls /eZ dk vuqikyu vc dSlsfd;k tk ldrk gS] ftlesa vius /eZ dsvuq;kf;;ksa dk gh vR;kpkj lguk iM+rkgks- mPp&uhp ds HksnHkko us nfyrksa esa /eZifjorZu dh foo'krk yk nh gS- vc nfyryksx ckS¼ /eZ Lohdkj djsaxs] tgka u dksbZtkfr; HksnHkko gS u vkMacj-* NÙkhlx< esaHkh /ekZarj.k vfHk;ku pyk;k x;k- lrukehlekt ds gtkjksa yksxksa us 1990 es ckS¼ /Ee xzg.k fd;k- ,sfrgkfld uxjh f'kjiqj esaHknar vk;Z ukxktZqu lqjbZ llkbZ ds usr`Ro esa;g fo'kky /ekZarj.k lekjksg laiUu gqvk-blds iwoZ 30 tuojh 1970 dks vkelsukxzke esa iwT; egkFksjks /EedhrhZ }kjk ckS¼ /Eenh{kk lekjksg gqvk Fkk- rc ls ckS¼ /Eedk pØ ;gka fujarj xfreku jgk- nf{k.kHkkjr esa Hkh 1990 esa /ekZarj.k dh ygjpy iMh- cqf¼LV lkslk;Vh vkWiQ bafM;k dsrRoko/ku esa vka/zçns'k ds gtkjksa yksxksa usfganw /eZ R;kxdj ckS¼ /Ee dh nh{kk xzg.kdh- fHk{kq la?kjf{kr vkSj fHk{kq paæcks/h }kjkmUgsa /Eenh{kk nh xbZ-

ns'k dh jkt/kuh fnYyh esa 7 vçSy1990 dks vkacsMdj Hkou ds eSnku ijfnYyh çns'k Hkkjrh; ckS¼ egklHkk }kjkvk;ksftr fo'kky lekjksg esa gtkjksa yksxksa usfganw /eZ R;kxdj ckS¼ /Ee viuk;k- blvolj ij ofj"B usrk ch-ih- ekS;Z] lalnlnL; çdk'k vkacsMdj] Mh-vkj- tkVovkfn mifLFkr Fks- nfyr usrk mfnrjkt ds/ekZarj.k dh fo'ks"k ppkZ gqbZ- mfnr jkt usfnYyh ds jkeyhyk eSnku ij ,d yk•nfyrksa ds lkFk lkewfgd :i ls ckS¼ /EeifjorZu dh ?kks"k.kk dh Fkh- ml oÙkQ dsaæ esaHkktik ds usr`Ro esa ^,uMh,* dh ljdkjFkh- bl ljdkj us ;g /eZ ifjorZu ukdkedjus dh iwjh dksf'k'k dh- fofHkUu ekxks± dhukdkcanh dj gtkjksa yksxksa dks fnYyh vkusls jksdk x;k- fiQj Hkh yxHkx 20 gtkjnfyrksa us /eZ ifjorZu fd;k-

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cksf/lRo Hkkjr jRu ckcklkgsc MkW- Hkhejko vkacsMdj us lu~1956 esa fot;n'keh ds fnu ukxiqj esa vius yk•ksa vuq;kf;;ksa ds lkFk/Ee nh{kk yh Fkh- ;g og rkjh• Fkh] tc Hkkjr esa /Ee dkjoka dksu;h xfr vkSj fn'kk feyh Fkh- vc ml rkjh• ds 57 lky iwjs gksustk jgs gSa- ,sls esa bu 57 lkyksa esa /Ee dkjoka dh çxfr] mldh n'kk]fn'kk vkSj Hkfo"; dk voyksdu djus dh vko';drk gS- ysfdu bureke voyksduksa dh cqfu;kn esa igyk loky ;g •M+k gS fd vkf•jckcklkgsc us /eZ ifjorZu D;ksa fd;k vkSj /Ee dkjoka D;ksa vkjaHkfd;k\

vly esa MkW- vkacsMdj us vesfjdk ds dksyfEc;kfo'ofo|ky; esa viuh i<+kbZ ds nkSjku ;g fu"d"kZ fudky fy;k Fkkfd Hkkjr esa çpfyr tkfrxr vlekurk nfyrksa ds fiNM+s gksus dk eq[;dkj.k gS- 9 ebZ] 1916 dks dksyfEc;k fo'ofo|ky; esa vk;ksftr ,d

lsfeukj esa vius fjlpZ isij Hkkjr esa tkfr;ka&mudh lajpuk] mn~Hko,oa fodkl* ds tfj, MkW- vkacsMdj us ;g lkfcr dj fn;k Fkk fddqN LokFkhZ yksxksa us tkfrxr vlekurk dh O;oLFkk dks 'kkL=k lEerfn•kus dh dksf'k'k dh gS vkSj ;s /kj.kk iQSykbZ gS fd 'kkL=k xyrugha gks ldrs- Hkkjr ykSVus ds ckn mUgksaus nfyrksa ds ekuokf/dkjksa dsfy, vyx&vyx ekspZs ij ç;kl djuk 'kq: dj fn;k- egkMlR;kxzg }kjk lkoZtfud rkykcksa ls ikuh ihus ds vf/dkj] dkykjkeeafnj esa nfyrksa ds ços'k dk vf/dkj] vaxzsth ljdkj ds lkeus nfyrksads fy, o;Ld erkf/dkj dk vf/dkj] xksyest lEesyu esa i`FkdfuokZpu ds vf/dkj dh yM+kbZ ,slh gh dksf'k'k Fkh- 1932 esa fczfV'kljdkj us nfyrksa ds fy, i`Fkd fuokZpu {ks=k dh ?kks"k.kk Hkh dj nhFkh ysfdu egkRek xka/h }kjk vkej.k&vu'ku djus ds dkj.k MkW?vkacsMdj dks rjg&rjg dh /efd;ka feyh- rc MkW- vkacsMdj dksetcwj gksdj iwuk iSDV Lohdkj djuk iM+k vkSj nfyrksa ds fy,

1956 ds ckn /Ee

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20 o"kks± rd lHkh /eks± dk xgu vè;;u djus ds ckn MkW- vkacsMdj bl fu'p; ij igqapsfd ckS¼ /eZ lcls mi;qÙkQ gS] D;ksafd ckS¼ /eZ dk tUe Hkkjr esa gh gqvk gS vkSj ckS¼ /eZlekurk] d:.kk] eS=kh] vfgalk vkSj HkkbZ&pkjs vkSj oSKkfud nf"Vdks.k viukus dk lans'k nsrkgS- blesa Åap&uhp vkSj NqvkNwr ds fy, dksbZ txg ugha gS- thou ds lHkh igyqvksa ij fopkjdjus ds i'pkr MkW- vkacsMdj us 5 yk• vuq;kf;;ksa ds lkFk 14 vDVwcj] 1956 dks ckS¼ /Ee dh nh{kk ysdj ckS¼/Ee ds çpkj&çlkj dks ubZ xfr çnku dh-


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vkj{k.k ds cnys esa i`Fkd fuokZpu dk gd NksM+uk iM+k- bl la?k"kZds nkSjku MkW- vkacsMdj bl fu"d"kZ ij igqap pqds Fks fd fgUnw /eZesa jgdj nfyrksa dks jktuSfrd vktknh dk vf/dkj Hkys gh fey tk,ysfdu mudks vkfFkZd vkSj lkekftd cjkcjh dk gd ugha feyldrk- blfy, 1935 esa ;soyk (ukf'kd) esa MkW- vkacsMdj us ?kks"k.kkdh Fkh fd og fgUnw /eZ esa iSnk gq, Fks ;g muds o'k dh ckr ughaFkh ysfdu fgUnw jgdj og ejsaxs ugha] ;g muds o'k esa gS- MkW-vkacsMdj us /eZ&ifjorZu dk fu'p; ;soyk dh lHkk esa gh dj fy;kFkk-

/eZ ifjorZu ij fopkj djus ds fy, 30 ,oa 31 ebZ 1936dks cacbZ esa vk;ksftr egkj ifj"kn dks lacksf/r djrs gq, MkW-vkacsMdj us dgk Fkk% &^/eZ ifjorZu dksbZ cPpksa dk •sy ugha gS- ;g^euq"; ds thou dks liQy dSls cuk;k tk;* bl ljksdkj ls tqM+kç'u gS--- bldks le>s fcuk vki /eZ ifjorZu ds laca/ esa esjh ?kks"k.kkds okLrfod fufgrkFkZ dk vglkl dj ikus esa leFkZ ugha gksaxs-NqvkNwr dh Li"V le> vkSj okLrfod thou esa blds vey dkvglkl djkus ds fy, eSa vki yksxksa ds f•ykiQ fd;s tkus okysvU;k; vkSj vR;kpkjksa dh nkLrku dk Lej.k djkuk pkgrk gwa-ljdkjh Ldwyksa esa cPpksa dk nkf•yk djkus dk gd trkus ij ;klkoZtfud dqavksa ls ikuh Hkjus dk vf/dkj trkus ij ;k ?kksM+h ijnwYgs dks cSBkdj ckjkr dks tqywl dh 'kDy esa lkoZtfud jkLrksa ls?kqekus ds vf/dkj vkfn dk bLrseky djus ij vki yksxksa dks lo.kZfgUnqvksa }kjk ekjs&ihVs tkus ds mnkgj.k rks cgqr vke gSa- ysfdu ,slhvkSj Hkh vusd otgsa gSa ftuds dkj.k nfyrksa ij lo.kZ fgUnqvksa }kjkvR;kpkj vkSj mRihM+u dk dgj <k;k tkrk gS--- •jh ckr iwNwa rkscrkb;s fd bl le; fgUnqvksa vkSj vki yksxksa ds chp D;k fdlh çdkjds lekftd laca/ gSa\

ftl rjg eqlyeku fgUnqvksa ls fHkUu gSa_ mlh rjg nfyr yksxHkh fgUnqvksa ls furkUr fHkUu gSa- ftl rjg eqlyekuksa vkSj bZlkb;ksa dslkFk fgUnqvksa dk jksVh&csVh dk dksbZ lEcU/ ugha gksrk gS mlh rjgvki yksxksa ds lkFk Hkh fgUnqvksa dk fdlh Hkh çdkj dk jksVh&csVh dkdksbZ laca/ ugha gS--- vkidk lekt vkSj mudk lekt nks fcYdqyvyx&vyx lewg gSa--- gkykafd vki yksxksa us /ekZarj.k ds egRo dksugha le>k gS ysfdu fuLlansg :i ls vki yksxksa us ukekUrj.k ;kfuuke ifjorZu ds egRo dks le> gh fy;k gS- vxj vki yksxksa esa lsfdlh O;fÙkQ ls mldh tkfr ds ckjs esa loky dj fn;k tkrk gS fdog fdl tkfr dk gS rks og nfyr gksus ds :i esa viuk mÙkj nsrkgS] ysfdu og egkj gS ;k Hkaxh gS] ,slk crkus esa ladksp djrk gS- tcrd dqN fo'ks"k ifjfLFkfr;ksa dh etcwjh u gks rc rd dksbZ Hkh O;fÙkQviuk uke ugha cny ldrk- ,sls uke ifjorZu dk dkj.k ;g gS fd,d vutku vkneh rks nfyr vkSj lo.kZ ds chp dksbZ vUrj dj ughaldrk- vkSj tc rd ,d fgUnw dks fdlh O;fÙkQ dh tkfr dk irkugha py tkrk rc rd ml O;fÙkQ ds nfyr gksus ds dkj.k og fgUnwml O;fÙkQ ds f•ykiQ vius eu esa uiQjr dk Hkko ugha Hkj ldrk-lo.kZ fgUnqvksa dks tc rd lkFk ;k=kk dj jgs nfyrksa dh tkfr;ksa dhtkudkjh ugha gksrh gS rc rd rks ;k=kk ds nkSjku os cM+s nksLrkuk vankt

esa O;ogkj djrs gSa] ysfdu tSls gh fdlh fgUnw dks ;g irk pyrk gSfd og ftl O;fÙkQ ls ckrphr dj jgk gS og nfyr gS_ rks mldkeqag vkSj eu rqjar dlSyk gks tkrk gS- vki yksxksa ds fy, bl rjg dsvuqHko u;s ugha gSa-

vkf•j ,slk D;ksa gksrk gS\ vki egkj dgus ds ctk; Lo;a dkspks•kesyk crk dj ;k Hkaxh dgus ds ctk; okYehfd crk dj nwljksadks pdek nsus dh dksf'k'k djrs gSa- ysfdu vki yksx ;g rks tkursgh gSa fd nwljs yksx bl rjg ds >kals esa ugha vkrs- vki yksx viusdks pkgs pks•kesyk dgsa ;k nfyr dgsa_ yksx rks tku gh tkrs gSa fdvki D;k gSa- vki yksxksa us viuh Nqik&Nqih dh ,slh dkjxqtkfj;ksa lsgh uke&ifjorZu dh vko';drk dks Lo;a gh fl¼ dj fn;k gS- rksfiQj /eZ&ifjorZu djus esa vkf•j D;k ,srjkt gksuk pkfg,\ /eZ&ifjorZu djuk uke ifjorZu djus tSlk gh gS- /eZ&ifjorZu djusds i'pkr gh uke&ifjorZu vki yksxksa ds fy, T;knk ykHkdkjh gksxk-vius dks ,d eqlyeku] ,d bZlkbZ] ,d ckS¼ ;k ,d flD• dguk,d /eZ dk ifjorZu ek=k ugha gS cfYd ,d uke dk Hkh ifjorZugS- ;gh lPpk uke ifjorZu gS--- tc rd vki fgUnw /eZ esa cus jgsaxsrc rd vkidks vius tkfr uke dks fNik dj uke&ifjorZu djrs jgusij fujUrj etcwj gksuk iM+sxk--- blfy, eSa vki yksxksa ls ;g iwNrkgwa fd ctk; blds fd vki vkt ,d uke cnysa] dy nwljk ukecnysa vkSj isaMqye dh rjg yxkrkj <qyeqy gkyr esa cus jgsa] vki yksxksadks /eZ ifjorZu djds viuk uke LFkkbZ :i ls D;ksa ugha cny ysukpkfg;s\* MkW- vkacsMdj }kjk dgh xbZ mijksÙkQ ckrsa dekscs'k vkt Hkhmruh gh lR; gSa ftruh fd lu~ 1935 esa Fkh-

blh lHkk esa /eZ ifjorZu dh vko';drk ds ckjs esa MkW-vkacsMdj us dgk%

eq>s ml ç'u ij cl vk'p;Z gh gksrk gS ftls dqN fgUnw dqNbl rjg mBkrs gSa fd dsoy /eZ&ifjorZu ls D;k gksus okyk gS\ Hkkjresa orZeku le; ds flD•ksa] eqlyekuksa vkSj bZlkbZ;ksa esa ls vf/la[;yksx rks igys fgUnw gh Fks vkSj mu esa Hkh 'kwæksa vkSj nfyrksa dh rknkngh lcls T;knk gS---vxj ,slk gS Hkh rks /eZ&ifjorZu ds ckn mudhfLFkfr esa ,d Li"V çxfr lkiQ fn•rh gS--- leL;k ij xgufparu&euu djus ds ckn gj fdlh dks ;g ekuuk iM+sxk fdnfyrksa ds fy;s /eZ&ifjorZu mlh çdkj t:jh gS ftl çdkj Hkkjrds fy, Lojkt t:jh gS- nksuksa dk vafre y{; rks ,d tSlk gh gS]nksuksa ds y{; esa dksbZ iQdZ ugha gS vkSj og vafre y{; gS Lora=krkçkIr djuk-*

20 o"kks± rd lHkh /eks± dk xgu vè;;u djus ds ckn MkW-vkacsMdj bl fu'p; ij igqaps fd ckS¼ /eZ lcls mi;qÙkQ gS] D;ksafdckS¼ /eZ dk tUe Hkkjr esa gh gqvk gS vkSj ckS¼ /eZ lekurk] d:.kk]eS=kh] vfgalk vkSj HkkbZ&pkjs vkSj oSKkfud n`f"Vdks.k viukus dk lans'knsrk gS- blesa Åap&uhp vkSj NqvkNwr ds fy, dksbZ txg ugha gS- thouds lHkh igyqvksa ij fopkj djus ds i'pkr MkW- vkacsMdj us 5 yk•vuq;kf;;ksa ds lkFk 14 vDVwcj] 1956 dks ckS¼ /Ee dh nh{kk ysdjckS¼/Ee ds çpkj&çlkj dks ubZ xfr çnku dh- mUgksaus 22 çfrKkvksadk ,d u;k iQkeZwyk fn;k-


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orZeku esa /EeHkxoku cq¼ us <kbZ gtkj lky igys v"kk<+ iwf.kZek ds fnu

/Ee pØ çorZu djds /Ee dkjoka dh 'kq:vkr dh Fkh- MkW-vkacsMdj us lu 1956 esa fot;n'keh ds fnu vius yk•ksa vuq;kf;;ksads lkFk /Ee nh{kk ysdj /Ee pØ dk vuqioZru fd;k- /Ee dkjokavkt dkiQh iQy&iQwy pqdk gS- 1956 esa ikap yk• yksxksa dh la[;kvkt djksM+ksa esa igqap xbZ gS- vaxzsth v•ckj n VkbZEl vkWiQ bafM;k (ubZfnYyh laLdj.k]10 uoacj 2006) esa çdkf'kr ,d jiV ds vuqlkjHkkjr o"kZ esa lu 2006 esa 30 yk• yksxksa us ckS¼ /Ee dh nh{kk yh-2001 dh tux.kuk ds oÙkQ c<+dj ;g yxHkx 81 yk• gks pqdhFkh- tks fd 2011 dh vkf•jh tux.kuk ds çkjafHkd vuqekuksa dsvuqlkj 97 yk• igqap xbZ gSa- gkykafd dqN fo'ks"kK Hkkjr esa ckS¼ksadh la[;k 3 djksM+ 50 yk• ls Hkh vf/d ekurs gSa- mudk ekuukgS fd tux.kuk esa okLrfod la[;k blfy, lkeus ugha vk ikrh gSaD;ksafd dkiQh yksx ckS¼ gksrs gq, Hkh vius dks vkf/dkfjd nLrkostksaesa ckS¼ ugha ?kksf"kr djrs-

lkaLÑfrd :i ls ns•k tk, rks yxHkx lHkh çns'kksa esa ckS¼vuq;kf;;ksa us vusdksa ckS¼ fogkjksa dk fuekZ.k djok;k gS- iatkc esa 22cq¼ fogkj fufeZr fd, x, gSa- xqtjkr esa dbZ txgksa ij cq¼ vuq;kf;;ksaus cq¼ fogkjksa dk fuekZ.k djok;k gS- ;w-ih] fcgkj] fnYyh] gfj;k.kk]jktLFkku] eè; çns'k] egkjk"Vª] vka/z çns'k] dukZVd lfgr ns'k dsreke çns'kksa esa vusdksa cq¼ fogkjksa dk fuekZ.k djok;k tk pqdk gS-vesfjdk vkSj ;wjksi esa Hkh ckS¼ /Ee cgqr rsth ls c<+rh gqbZ thou'kSyhcurk tk jgk gS- MkW- vkacsMdj us /Ee nh{kk ysrs gq, dgk Fkk fdoks ,d u, fdLe dk /Ee dkjoka vkjaHk djus tk jgs gSa] ftlesa ckS¼fHk{kq 'khy lnkpkj dk ikyu djrs gq, lkekftd vkSj lkaLÑfrdiqutkZxj.k dk dk;Z djsaxs- blls çHkkfor gksdj ,f'k;k ds vU; ns'kksaesa Hkh ckS¼ iqutkZxj.k rsth ls gqvk- ftusok vk/kfjr ^varjkZ"Vªh;/kfeZd o vkè;kfRed laxBu* us 2009 dk fo'o ds loZJs"B /eZdk lEeku* ckS¼ /Ee dks çnku fd;k-

/Ee dkjoka dh fn'kkvkt ds oÙkQ esa ;g lkspuk Hkh t:jh gS fd /Ee dkjoka dh

fn'kk D;k gks vkSj mlesa gekjh Hkwfedk D;k gks\ckS¼ksa dk thou& ckS¼ksa dks viuk thou vkSj nSfud fØ;kdyki

ckS¼/Ee dh f'k{kkvksa ds vuq:i thuk pkfg,- blds fy, lclsvko';d gS fd nsoh&nsorkvksa dh iwtk dk eksg R;kxuk gksxk- /Eeoanuk vkSj nh{kk çfrKk xkFkk ds ml ikfy lqÙk dh ckrsa thou esamrkjuh gksxh ftlesa dgk x;k gS fd--- ^eSa Hkxoku cq¼ ds vykok(cq¼ ekxZ) vU; fdlh dh Hkh 'kj.k ugha tkÅaxk- bl lR; opuls esjk dY;k.k gks- eSa /Ee ds vykok vU; fdlh dh Hkh 'kj.k ughatkÅaxk- /Ee gh esjk J¼k LFkku gS] bl lR; opu ls esjk dY;k.kgks- fHkD•q la?k ds vykok eSa vU; fdlh dh Hkh 'kj.k ugha tkÅaxk_bl lR; opu ls esjk dY;k.k gks-*

laLÑfr& ckS¼ksa dks ,d ,slh laLÑfr dk fodkl djuk pkfg,ftlesa çR;sd ns'koklh dks ,d lEekfur ukxfjd ekuk tk, vkSjçR;sd ukxfjd dh ekuoh; xfjek vkSj vkRelEeku ds lkFk thus dk

volj lqfuf'pr gks- ns'k esa ijLij HkkbZpkjs ds lkFk çse vkSj lkSgknZdh Hkkouk gks- MkW- vkacsMdj dk dguk Fkk fd jk"Vªokn rHkh vkSfpR;xzg.k dj ldrk gS tc yksxksa ds chp tkfr] uLy ;k jax dk varjHkqykdj muesa lkekftd&HkzkrRo dks lokZsPp LFkku fn;k tk,--- ysfdubl Hkkouk ds fodkl esa tkfr lcls cM+h ck/k gS- MkW vkacsMdj dkfu"d"kZ Fkk fd tkfr dh çÑfr gh fo•.Mu vkSj foHkktu djuk gS-tkfr dk ;g vfHk'kki gS- tkfr Hkkoukvksa ls vkfFkZd fodkl :drkgS- blfy, MkW- vacsMdj dk yxkrkj ;g ç;Ru jgk fd Hkkjr esa ,d,slh lka>h laLÑfr dk fuekZ.k gks ftlesa tkr&ikr ds vk/kj ij yksxksads lkFk vU;k; vkSj 'kks"k.k u gks vkSj gj ukxfjd viuh {kerkvksads vuqlkj jk"Vª fuekZ.k esa ;ksxnku ns lds- vkil esa mitkfroknNksM+dj ,d lk>k igpku tks ckS¼ igpku gS mldks viukuk pkfg,vkSj vkil esa jksVh&csVh dk laca/ dk;e djuk pkfg,] ftlls fdjk"Vªh; ,drk ds fodkl esa lgk;rk feys- MkW- vkacsMdj pkgrs Fks fdlekt ds lHkh oxks± esa •ku&iku dk laca/ fodflr gks- tks yksx/Ee nh{kk ysus ds ckn Hkh tkfr vkSj mi&tkfr cuk, j•uk pkgrs gSa;k tkfr&ikr esa fo'okl djrs gSa oks ckS¼ /eZ dk cgqr cM+k uqdlku

dj jgs gSa D;ksafd blls ckS¼ /eZ esa Hkh tkfr dk tgj iQSy tk,xk-foiLluk& ,d vU; ppkZ foiLluk dks ysdj gS- cgqr yksxksa dks

;g xyriQgeh gS fd foiLluk yksxksa dks fuf"Ø; dj nsrh gSa] mudkØks/ lekIr gks tkrk gS tcfd nfyr lekt dks vkanksfyr j•us dsfy, Øks/ dh vko';drk gS vkSj foiLluk ls lekt lsok dh Hkkoukde gks tkrh gS- bu lc feF;k çpkj dks gesa nwj djuk gksxk- xkSrecq¼ us N% o"kks± rd è;ku lk/uk fd;k vkSj foiLluk dk vkfo"dkjfd;k- foiLluk djrs&djrs 35 o"kZ dh mez esa cq¼Ro dks çkIr fd;k-cq¼Ro çkIr djus ds i'pkr 45 o"kkZs rd 'kgjksa] xkaoksa] dLcksa esatk&tkdj /Ee dk çlkj fd;k- ;fn Hkxoku cq¼ fuf"Ø; ugha gq,rks fiQj mudh •ksth gqbZ foiLluk djus ls muds vuq;k;h dSlsfuf"Ø; gks ldrs gSa\

fHkD•qvksa }kjk •qn igy dj yksxksa ls ugha feyuk Hkh ,dleL;k gS- cgqr ls fHkD•q bl vk'kk esa jgrs gSa fd tc dksbZ cq¼ fogkjesa vk,xk rHkh oks /Ee nh{kk dh ckr djsaxs- bl ckjs esa Hkxoku cq¼dk mnkgj.k gekjs lkeus gS- Hkxoku cq¼ cks/x;k ls pydj lkjukFkvk, Fks vkSj /EepØ çorZu fd;k Fkk- og bl Hkjksls esa ugha cSBs jgs


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fd yksx cks/x;k vk, vkSj rc oks mudks /Ee fl•k,a- blhfy, MkWa-vkacsMdj us baxsTM cqf¼Te* dh ifjdYiuk dh Fkh- bl ifjdYiukdks iwjh nqfu;k esa ekU;rk feyh gS- fo;ruke esa fHkD•q la?k us vesfjdkds vkØe.k ds f•ykiQ iwjh rkdr ls fojks/ fd;k vkSj yksxksa ds chptkdj /eZ dk çpkj&çlkj fd;k- rkbZoku esa ckS¼ /eZ ds çpkj&çlkjesa ogka ds fHkD•quh la?k us vge Hkwfedk vnk dh gS- rkbZoku esafHkD•quh la?k Ldwy Hkh pykrk gS] vLirky Hkh pykrk gS vkSj yksxksads ?kjksa esa tkdj mudh leL;kvksa dk funku Hkh djrk gS- rkbZokuds mnkgj.k dks Hkkjr o"kZ esa Hkh nksgjkus dh vko';drk gS-

ckS¼ laLÑfr fodflr djuk t:jh & gj flD• jfookj dksvfuok;Z :i ls xq:}kjk tkrk gS] bZlkbZ ppZ tkrs gS- gj eqlyeku'kqØokj dh uekt efLtn tkdj vrk djrk gS- ckS¼ lekt ds yksxksadks Hkh ,slh ijaijk Mkyuh gksxh- çR;sd jfookj dks vius utnhdhckS¼ fogkj esa tk,a- tgka ckS¼ fogkj ugha gS] ogka fdlh ds ?kj esa vkSj;fn oks Hkh laHko ugha gS rks fdlh ikdZ ;k lkoZtfud LFky ij dksbZlaxks"Bh djsa- ,slh dksf'k'k Hkh dh tk ldrh gS fd thou ds mRlopkgs tUefnu dk dk;ZØe gks ;k lkyfxjg] mls ckS¼ fogkj esa euk,-blds lkFk gh viuk thou iap'khyksa ds vuqlkj thus dh dksf'k'k djsa-MkW- vkacsMdj us Lo;a cq¼ iwf.kZek ds fnu vius vkokl dks ltkukvkjaHk fd;k vkSj mRlo eukus dh ijaijk vkjaHk dh- fookg ds fy,fookg fof/ dk çfriknu fd;k vkSj ckS¼ p;kZ i¼fr rS;kj dh- ckS¼ksaesa 'khy vkSj lnkpkj dk thou fodflr djus ds fy, ^cqf¼LVlkslk;Vh vkWiQ bafM;k* dh LFkkiuk dh ftldh 'kk•k,a gj çns'k esaLFkkfir dh xbZ- MkW- vkacsMdj us 25 uoacj] 1956 dks lkjukFk dse`xnk; ou esa 150 fHkD•qvksa ds le{k Hkk"k.k fn;k Fkk fd çR;sdckS¼ ds fy, vfuok;Z gS fd og gj jfookj dks ckS¼ fogkj esa tk,vkSj ogka mins'k lqus- ;fn ,slk ugha gksxk rks uo nhf{kr ckS¼ dks /Ee dh tkudkjh ugha gks ldsxh- çR;sd {ks=k esa ,sls ckS¼ fogkjksa dkfuekZ.k fd;k tk, ftlesa lHkk djus ds fy, dkiQh LFkku jgs- ckS¼fogkjksa dks lHkkeafnj gksuk pkfg,-

cky lkfgR; vkSj ckS¼ lkfgR;& lq:fpiw.kZ cky lkfgR; vkSjtuHkk"kk esa ckS¼ lkfgR; dh Hkh dkiQh vko';drk gS- blds fy,vko';d gS fd LFkkuh; yksd Hkk"kk esa NksVh&NksVh iqLrdsa cM+s v{kjksaesa NiokbZ tk, vkSj lLrs nkeksa esa yksxksa dks miyC/ djkbZ tk,a]D;ksafd lkfgR; ds cxSj /eZ dk çpkj&çlkj dfBu gksxk- tks Hkh ckS¼lkfgR; fy•k x;k gS] mldks vkSj ljy vkSj lqxe cukdj de lsde 'kCnksa esa rS;kj dj tu&tu rd igqapkus dh t:jr gS ftlls fdfdlku] etnwj] xkao ds yksx] de i<+s fy•s yksx] lHkh yksx le>ldsa vkSj mldks thou esa mrkj ldsa- cq¼ dh f'k{kkvksa dks tu&turd igqapkus ds fy, 'khyoku vkSj i<+s&fy•s fHkD•qvksa dh t:jr gS-blds lkFk gh] gesa ,d lekukarj çpkj O;oLFkk dks fodflr djukgksxk ftlesa uqDdM+ ukVd] Hktu eaMyh] Lokax eaMyh] yksdxhr'kkfey gSa tks yksxksa rd vkidh ckr igqapk lds-

ilZuy ykW dh t:jr& yxHkx lHkh vYila[;dksa dsvius&vius Personal Low gSa- bZlkbZ;ksa dk Personal Low mudk ckbZfcygS] eqlyekuksa dk Personal Low dqjku 'kjhiQ }kjk fu/kZfjr gksrk gS-

flD•ksa esa vkuan dkjt fookg çFkk dks ekU;rk çkIr gS] ysfdu ckS¼ksadk viuk dksbZ Personal Low ugha gS- blfy, tc rd lHkh ukxfjdksads fy, ,d leku ukxfjd lafgrk ugha cu tkrh] ckS¼ksa dk Hkh viukPersonal Low gksuk pkfg,-

pkjksa egRoiw.kZ vaxksa dks lkeus vkuk gksxk& ckS¼ /Ee dslkekftd laxBu ds pkj egRoiw.kZ vax gSa- ;s gSa fHk{kq la?k] fHk{kq.khla?k] mikld la?k vkSj mikfldk la?k- /Ee dkjoka ds vkxs c<+us dsfy, bu pkjksa la?kksa dk 'khy&lnkpkj iw.kZ thou thuk vkSj lkekftdrFkk lkaLÑfrd :i ls etcwr gksuk vko';d gS- ysfdu ;s ,d cgqrcM+h foMacuk gS fd Hkkjr esa vdsys fHk{kq la?k dke dj jgk gS- vHkhrd u rks fHk{kq.kh la?k cu ik;k gS] u gh mikld la?k vkSj u ghmikfldk la?k- blfy, vko';d gS fd ckS¼ vuq;kf;;ksa dks bu la?kksadk fuekZ.k djuk pkfg, vkSj mudks etcwr cuk;k tkuk pkfg,-

/Ee dkjoka dk Hkfo";/Ee ds vke vkneh ds thou esa iM+rs çHkko vkSj bldh

oSKkfud thou i¼fr dks ns•dj ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd /Eedkjoka dk Hkfo"; vR;ar mTtoy gS- /Ee nh{kk ysus okyksa ds thouesa cgqr ifjorZu vk;k gS vkSj mudk pgqeqa•h fodkl gqvk gS-e'kgwjlekt'kkL=kh Mh- ,l- tucU/w vkSj xkSre xkoyh }kjk egkjk"Vª esafd, x, lekt'kkL=kh; loZs{k.k ds vuqlkj ftu yksxksa us /Ee nh{kkyh muesa ,d ubZ igpku vkSj vkRelEeku dh Hkkouk fodflr gqbZ]ftlls muds lkekftd] vkfFkZd vkSj ekufld Lrj esa dkiQh lq/kjvk;k- bu uonhf{kr yksxksa us jk"Vª fuekZ.k esa cgqr egRoiw.kZ ;ksxnkufn;k- blh çdkj dk ,d 'kks/ Hkkjrh; ç'kklfud lsok ds ofj"Bvf/dkjh MkW- lat; pgkaMs us fd;k vkSj oks Hkh blh fu"d"kZ ij igqapsgSa fd /Ee nh{kk ysus okyksa dk fodkl /Ee nh{kk u ysus okyksa dhrqyuk esa vf/d gqvk gS- MkW- lat; pgkaMs us bl fo"k; ij ih,pMhdh gS vkSj os bl urhts ij igqaps gSa fd ckS¼ /eZ viukus ds cknnfyrksa ds lkekftd vkSj vkfFkZd thou esa dkiQh vPNs cnyko vk,gSa- mudk vkRefo'okl c<+k gS] ftlds dkj.k mUgksaus thou ds gj{ks=k esa çxfr dh gS-

,d loZs ds vuqlkj rkbZoku esa ckS¼ vuq;kf;;ksa dh la[;k lu~1980 esa 8 yk• Fkh tks 2001 esa c<+dj 55 yk• vkSj 2006 esac<+dj 80 yk• gks xbZ- bl rjg 26 lkyksa esa rkbZoku esa ckS¼


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cs/M+d U;wt

] vDV

wcj] 2

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vuq;kf;;ksa dh la[;k nl xq.kk c<+h gS- blh vof/ esa rkbZoku esa cq¼fogkjksa dh la[;k 1157 ls c<+dj 4500 vkSj ckS¼ fHk{kqvksa dh la[;k3470 ls c<+dj 10 gtkj igqap xbZ- rkbZoku esa fHk{kq vkSj fHk{kqfu;kavusd çdkj ds lekftd dk;Z] LokLF; lsokvksa] f'k{kk tSls O;fÙkQfodkl ds dke dj jgs gSa- blh rjg phu esa ckS¼ /eZ ekuus okyksadh la[;k 10 djksM+ ls Hkh vf/d gks xbZ gS- FkkbZySaM esa 90 çfr'krls Hkh vf/d tula[;k ckS¼ /eZ ekuus okyksa dh gS- ;gh fLFkfrJhyadk] E;kekaj vkSj HkwVku tSls ns'kksa dh gS- Hkxoku cq¼ ds dkj.k,f'k;k ds vf/drj ns'k Hkkjr dks cgqr ifo=k ekurs gSa vkSj Hkkjrdh ;k=kk djuk viuk /eZ le>rs gSa- tkiku] dksfj;k] FkkbZySaM] phu]E;kaekj] Jhyadk] rkbZoku lfgr vusdksa ns'kksa ds djksM+ksa yksxksa ds euesa ,d ykylk jgrh gS fd thou esa de ls de ,d ckj cks/x;k]lkjukFk] dq'khuxj] JkoLrh] lafd'kk vkSj lkaph ds n'kZu dj ik,a-blfy, Hkkjro"kZ ds fy, cq¼ vkSj mudh f'k{kkvksa }kjk iwjs ,f'k;kdk vxqok cuus dk lqugjk volj gS-

Hkze iQSykus dh dksf'k'k/Ee dkjoka dh yksdfç;rk ls Mjs dqN yksxksa vkSj laxBuksa }kjk

vusdksa nq"çpkj djus dh ?kVuk Hkh lkeus vkbZ gSa- blesa ,d nq"çpkj;g fd;k tk jgk gS fd ckS¼/eZ dsoy nfyr viuk jgs gSa- tcfdgdhdr blls vyx gS- Hkxoku cq¼ nfyr ugha Fks- muds çFke ikapksaf'k"; czkã.k Fks- mlds ckn ;'k vkSj mlds 54 lkFkh O;kikjh oxZls Fks- mlds ckn /Eenh{kk ysus okys m:osyk d';i] unh d';i]x;k d';i vkSj muds 1000 f'k"; lHkh czkã.k Fks- jktk fcfcalkjvkSj jktk çlsuftr rFkk 'kkD; la?k ds yksx lHkh ds lHkh {kf=k; Fks-orZeku le; esa ckS¼ /eZ ds çpkj&çlkj esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkusokys egkiafMr jkgqy lkaLÑR;k;u] /ekZuan dkS'kkEch] Mh Mh dkS'kkEchiwoZ esa czkã.k Fks- blh rjg HknUr vkuan dkS'kyk;u] vkpk;ZlR;ukjk;.k xks;udk] HkUrslqjbZ l'kbZ] vesfjdk ds e'kgwj fiQYevfHkusrk fjpMZ xsjs] fiQYe çksMÔwlj Vhuk VuZj dksbZ Hkh nfyr oxZ lsugha gS- blfy, ckS¼ /eZ ds fojksf/;ksa ds bl feF;k çpkj dks fdckS¼ /eZ nfyrks dk /eZ gksrk tk jgk jksdk tkuk pkfg,-

blh rjg ,d çpkj vkSj fd;k tk jgk gS fd Hkxoku cq¼ fo".kqds vorkj Fks- ,slk çpkj igys Hkh gksrk jgk gS- cq¼ dks vorkj ekuusdh ckr lcls igys laHkor% NBh lnh ds nkSjku eRL;iqjk.k esa dh

xbZ] eRL; iqjk.k dk ,d pj.k 700 bZloha esa egkcyhiqje esa] tgkaeè;dkyhu czkã.k iqLrdksa esa 10 vorkjksa dh ladYiuk dh xbZ gS]iYyo Lekjdksa esa mRdh.kZ gSa- bl fc"k; esa ukWjeu dkSflUl fy•rs gSafd ckS¼ /eZ dk fuekZ.k gksus ij fgUnw /eZ us mlds lkFk gksM+ ughayxkbZ] cfYd mls lks• fy;k- cq¼ dks vorkj ds :i esa 'kkfey djusdk eq[; mís'; ckS¼ /Ee dks vo'kksf"kr (lks•) dj mldkczkã.khdj.k djuk Fkk] ftls czkã.k fojks/ djds Hkh nck ugha ik,-bl çfØ;k esa mUgksaus i'kq&fgalk NksM+dj] 'kkdkgkj ds vkn'kZ dksviuk fy;k-

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ds :i esa çpkfjr djus dk lVhd dkj.k ;g gS fd cq¼ dk O;fÙkQRobruk egku Fkk fd mls utjvankt djuk fdlh Hkh lwjr esa laHko ughaFkk- MkW- tks'kh ds eqrkfcd] cq¼ dh Hkkjrh; tuekul esa bruh xgjhiSB gS fd iwjs ns'k esa vla[; fogkjksa ds gtkjksa LraHkksa] nhokjksa vkSjnjoktksa ij mRdh.kZ dh xbZ- mudh f'k{kk,a yxHkx u lekIr gksus okysikfy vkSj laLÑr lkfgR; ds vdwr •tkus ds ekè;e ls iQSykdjyksdfç; dh xbZa- vusdksa jktkvksa vkSj egku fpardksa us muds ;qfÙkQoknho ekuorkoknh fe'ku dks vR;f/d llEeku ls viuk;k- vla[;Hkkjrh; lfn;ksa ls mudh ç'kalk dk xq.kxku djrs vk jgs gSa- oglpeqp brus egku Fks ftudh mis{kk ugha dh tk ldrh Fkh- LokHkkfod:i ls os mPp LFkku çkIr lnL; ds :i esa vorkjksa ds rkjkeaMyesa vk x,-* cq¼ dks vorkjksa dh Js.kh esa j•us dh nqHkkZoukiw.kZ lkspbl ckr ls Hkh Li"V gksrh gS fd ikSjkf.kd yksxksa us muds lEeku esafdlh eafnj dk fuekZ.k ugha djk;k] blfy, rkfdZd n`f"V ls cq¼ dksfo".kq dk vorkj ekuus dk fl¼kar nqHkkZoukiw.kZ gS-

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eqlyekuksa] flD•ksa vkSj tSfu;ksa ls Hkh vkxsgS- bl dk eq[; dkj.k mu dk /eZ ifjorZudjds ekufld xqykeh ls eqÙkQ gks djçxfr'khy gksuk gh gS-

bl ds vfrfjÙkQ vyx vyx 'kks/drkZvksa }kjk fd;s x, vè;;uksa esa ;g ik;kvk;k gS fd nfyrksa ds ftu ftu ifjokjksavkSj mi tkfr;ksa us MkW- vkacsMdj vkSj ckS¼/eZ dks viuk;k gS mUgksaus fgUnw nfyrksa dhvis{kk vf/d rjDdh dh gS- mUgksaus usiqjkus xans is'ks NksM+ dj u, lkiQ lqFkjs is'ksviuk;s gSa- mu esa i<kbZ dh vksj vf/d>qdko iSnk gqvk gS- os HkkX;okn ls eqÙkQ gksdj vius iSjksa ij •M+s gks x, gSa- os tkfrxrghu Hkkouk ls eqÙkQ gks dj vf/dLokfHkekuh gks x, gSa- os /eZ ds uke ij gksusokys vkfFkZd 'kks"k.k ls Hkh eqÙkQ gq, gSa vkSjmUgksaus viuh vkfFkZd gkyr lq/kjh gS-mudh efgyk;ksa vkSj cPpksa dh gkyr fgUnwnfyrksa ls cgqr vPNh gS-

mijksÙkQ laf{kIr foospu ls ;g fl¼gksrk gS fd ckS¼ /eZ gh okLro esa nfyrksads dY;k.k vkSj eqfÙkQ dk ekxZ gS - uockS¼ksa us FkksM+s ls le; esa fgUnw nfyrksa dseqdkcys esa cgq rjDdh dh gS] mu dh uockS¼ksa ds :i esa ,d u;h ifgpku cuh gS-os ifgys dh vis{kk vf/d LokfHkekuh vkSjçxfr'khy cus gS- mu dk nqfu;k vkSj /eZds ckjs utfj;k vf/d rkfdZd vkSjfoKkuoknh cuk gS- uo ckS¼ksa esa /eZifjorZu ds ekè;e ls vk;s ifjorZu vkSjmu }kjk dh x;h çxfr ls fgUnw nfyrksa dksçsj.kk ysuh pkfg,- mu dks fgUnw /eZ dhekufld xqykeh ls eqÙkQ gks dj uo ckS¼ksadh rjg vkxs c<+uk pkfg,- os ,d u;hifgpku çkIr dj tkrikr ds ujd lsckgj fudy dj lekurk vkSj Lora=krkçkIr dj ldrs gSa- bl ds lkFk gh uo ckS¼ksadks Hkh vPNs ckS¼ cu dj fgUnw nfyrksa dslkeus vPNh mnkgj.k is'k djuh pkfg,rkfd ckck lkgsc dk Hkkjr dks ckS¼e;cukus dk liuk tYnh ls tYnh lkdkj gkslds- ys[kd fjVk;MZ vkbZih,l vkiQhlj gSaA

vkoj.k dFkk

cs/M+d U;wt

] vDV

wcj] 2

013


orZeku Hkkjr esa tc&tc Hkxoku cq¼dks Lej.k fd;k tkrk gS] rc&rcLokHkkfod :i ls ckck lkgc Mk0 HkhejkovEcsMdj dk Hkh uke fy;k tkrk gSA D;ksafdLora=krk ds ckn cgqr cM+h la[;k esa ,dlkFk Mk0 vEcsMdj ds usr`Ro esa gh erifjorZu gqvk FkkA 14 vÙkQwcj] 1956 dksukxiqj esa ;g nh{kk lEiUu gqbZA

nh{kk fof/ dh foLr`r ;kstuk rS;kjdjus okys muds lgdkjh okeujko xksMcksysds vuqlkj ckck lkgc us lqcg ls gh rS;kjhdhA mUgksaus fnYyh ls eaxk;k liQsn yEckdksV] liQsn js'keh dqjrk vkSj dks;EcVwj lseaxk;h liQsn /ksrh iguhA iSj esa fcuk iQhrsokyk twrk igukA bl çfØ;k esa mudh iRuhMk0 lfork vEcsMdj (ekbZlkgc) vkSj jÙkkwus mudh lgk;rk dhA blds ckn os fo'ks"k:i ls cuk;s x;s nh{kk LFkku ij x;sA

ckck lkgc ';ke gksVy esa Bgjs FksAogka ls fudyus ls igys vius lg;ksxhxksMcksys dks mUgksaus dgk fd vkt tks dqNgksus tk jgk gS] ;g esjs firkth ds dkj.k ghlaHko gks ik jgk gSA os cgqr /kfeZd O;fÙkQFksA mUgksaus gh esjk /kfeZd ekul cuk;k gSAblfy, nh{kk ls iwoZ lcdks mUgsa Jènkatfynsuh pkfg,A xksMcksys dh lwpuk ij lcus nksfeuV ekSu •M+s gksdj Lo0 jketh ldikydks Jènkatfy nhA

nh{kk fof/ çkjEHk gksus ij loZçFkemUgksaus vkSj ekbZ lkgc us er ifjorZu fd;kAmUgksaus rRdkyhu Hkkjr ds o;kso`¼ HkUrspaæef.k ls ckS¼ er dk vuqxzg ikyh Hkk"kkesa fy;kA ckcklkgc fgUnw vkSj ckS¼ er dks,d o`{k dh nks 'kk•k ekurs FksA muds euesa fgUnw /eZ ds çfr fdruk çse Fkk] ;g blckr ls çdV gksrk gS fd tc mUgksaus ;g dgkfd vkt ls eSa fgUnw /eZ dk ifjR;kx djrkgwa] rks muds us=k vkSj daB Hkj vk;sA ;gdk;ZØe 15 feuV esa iwjk gks x;kA blds cknegkcksf/ lks;k;Vh vkWiQ bafM;k ds lfpo Jhoyh flUgk us mu nksuksa dks Hkxoku cq¼ dh/eZpØ çorZd dh eqæk HksaV dh] tks lkjukFkdh ewfrZ dh çfrÑfr FkhA

blds ckn ckck lkgc us turk dkslEcksf/r djrs gq, dgk fd vc vkiesa lstks Hkh ckS¼ /eZ xzg.k djuk pkgsa] os gkFktksM+dj •M+s gks tk,aA yxHkx ipkl&lkBgtkj yksx •M+s gks x;sA eapLFk yksx Hkh blheqæk esa •M+s gq,A ckck lkgc us mUgsa 22'kiFk fnykbZa] tks mUgksaus Lo;a rS;kj dh FkhaAbl çdkj nks ?kaVs esa ;g iwjk dk;ZØe lEiUugks x;kA

ckck lkgc dks vk'kk Fkh fd dsoyfgUnw gh muds lkFk er ifjorZu djsaxs_ ijdqN eqlyeku vkSj bZlkb;ksa us Hkh ckS¼ erxzg.k fd;kA tc ckck lkgc ds è;ku esa ;gvk;k] rks mUgksaus dgk fd gesa viuh çfrKkvksaesa dqN cny djuk gksxk] D;ksafd muesa fgUnwnsoh&nsorkvksa vkSj vorkjksa dks u ekuus dhgh ckr dgh FkhA ;fn eqfLye vkSj bZlkbZ ckS¼cuuk pkgrs gSa] rks mUgsa eksgEen vkSj bZlk dksvorkj ekuus dh /kj.kk NksM+uh gksxhA ;|fi;g dke ugha gks ik;k] D;ksafd bl lekjksg dsMs<+ ekg ckn Ng fnlEcj] 1956 dks ckcklkgc dk nsgkar gks x;kA

;g /eZ ifjorZu Fkk ;k er ifjorZu];g cgl dk fo"k; gks ldrk gS_ ij Mk0vEcsMdj us bls /eZ ifjorZu gh dgk gSAmUgksaus Lohdkj fd;k gS fd lcls igys 13vÙkQwcj 1935 dks ;soyk esa tc mUgksaus /eZifjorZu dh ?kks"k.kk dh] rks muls vusdyksxksa us lEidZ fd;kA buesa fl• iaFk ds yksxFks] rks vkxk •ka o futke tSls eqfLye obZlkbZ etgc okys HkhA

futke gSnjkckn us i=k fy•dj mUgsaçpqj /u lEink dk çyksHku rFkk eqlyekucuus okyksa dh 'kSf{kd o vkfFkZdvko';drkvksa dh ;FkklaHko iwfrZ dh ckrdgh] rks bZlkb;ksa us Hkh ,sls gh vk'oklufn;s_ ij Mk0 vEcsMdj dk Li"V fopkj Fkk

fd bLyke vkSj bZlkbZ fons'kh etgc gSaA buesatkus ls vLi`'; yksx vjk"Vªh; gks tk,axsA ;fnos eqlyeku gksrs] rks eqfLyeksa dh la[;k Hkkjresa nksxquh gks tkrh rFkk ns'k esa mudk opZLoc<+ tkrkA ;fn os bZlkbZ curs] rks mudhla[;k ikap&Ng djksM+ gks tkus ls fczfV'klÙkkk dh idM+ etcwr gks tkrhA bl dkj.kckck lkgc bu etgcksa esa tkus ds fo#¼ FksA

nwljh vksj os Hkkjr Hkwfe esa tUes rFkk;gka dh laLÑfr esa jps cls fl• iaFk dsleFkZd FksA ,d le; rks mUgksaus viusleFkZdksa lfgr fl• cuus dk fu.kZ; dj ghfy;k FkkA vçSy 1936 esa ve`rlj ds xq#}kjsesa ,d lHkk gqbZ] ftlesa Mk0 vEcsMdj fl•os'k esa mifLFkr FksA 18 twu] 1936 dksckcklkgc dh fgUnw egklHkk ds ,d cM+susrk Mk0 eqats ls HksaV gqbZA blds ckn Mk0 eqats22 twu dks eqacbZ x;s] tgka mUgksaus ckcklkgcds bl fu.kZ; dks fgUnw lekt dk leFkZufnykus dk ç;kl fd;kA

blls fgUnw lHkk ds usrk cSfjLVjt;dj] lsB tqxyfd'kksj fcM+yk] fot;jk?kokpkfj;j] jktk ujsUæukFk rFkk 'kadjkpk;ZtSls yksx muds leFkZu esa vk;s_ ij fdlhdkj.k ls ;g ;kstuk LFkfxr gks x;hA vkxspydj Mk0 vEcsMdj ds è;ku esa vk;k fdfl• iaFk Hkh tkfrHksn ls ihfM+r gSA vr%mUgksaus fl• cuus dk fopkj R;kx fn;kA

vc ckcklkgc us tkfrHksn ls eqÙkQ ckS¼er dh vksj è;ku fn;kA 1935 ls 1956 rddh mudh ;k=kk blh vksj ladsr djrh gSAmUgksaus bVyh ds fHkD•q lkykMksj lfgr vusdckS¼ fHkD•qvksa ls ppkZ dhA jS'kufyLV,lksfl,'ku] eækl ds dk;ZØe esa mUgkssaus1944 esa ^ckS¼ /eZ vkSj czkã.k /eZ* fo"k;ij Hkk"k.k fn;kA 1948 esa vius çfl¼ ,oacgqpfpZr xzaFk ^gw oj 'kwækt* esa mUgkssaus

MkW- vEcsMdj dk er ifjorZu vkSj ckS¼ /eZ� lh-,l- Hk.Mkjh

vkoj.k dFkk

cs/M+d U;wt

] vDVwcj ] 2013

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Hkxoku cq¼ dks Hkh 'kwæ crk;kA tuojh1950 esa mUgksaus cq¼ t;arh lkoZtfud :i lseuk;hA 1950 esa egkcksf/ lkslk;Vh dseq•i=k esa mUgksaus ckS¼ /eZ ds ckjs esa viusfopkj O;ÙkQ fd;sA 5 ebZ] 1950 dks ^turk*lekpkj i=k esa mUgksaus ckS¼ /eZ ds çfr vius>qdko dks vf/Ñr :i ls ?kksf"kr fd;kA

blh ekl esa Jhyadk esa vk;ksftr ckS¼/eZ ifj"kn esa os fujh{kd ds ukrs mifLFkr jgsrFkk ogka ds vLi`';ksa dks ckS¼ er xzg.kdjus dk vkÉku fd;kA tqykbZ 1950 esa ojyhesa cq¼ eafnj ds m¼kVu ds le; mUgksausviuk 'ks"k thou Hkxoku cq¼ dh lsok esalefiZr djus dh ?kks"k.kk dhA 1954 esa fo'ockS¼ ifj"kn ds r`rh; vf/os'ku esa esa jaxwu(cekZ) x;sA ogka mUgksaus Jhyadk vkSj cekZ dsvius vuqHko ds vk/kj ij ckS¼ /eZ esaÅijh rke>ke vkSj lekjksgfç;rk dhvkykspuk dhA mUgksaus bl ij gksus okys O;;dks /eZçpkj ij djus dks dgkA

1955 esa mUgksaus eqacbZ esa ^Hkkjrh;ckS¼tu lHkk* dh LFkkiuk dhA nh{kk ysus dsckn bl laLFkk dk uke ^Hkkjrh; ckS¼egklHkk* gks x;kA ekpZ 1956 esa v'o?kks"kjfpr ^cq¼ pfjr* ij vk/kfjr mudk ^fncq¼ ,aM fgt /Ee* uked xzaFk çdkf'krgqvkA ebZ 1956 esa ch-ch-lh yanu ls mudkckS¼ /eZ ij O;k[;ku çlkfjr gqvkA Li"V gSfd os /hjs&/hjs bl vksj vkÑ"V gks jgs FksA

ckck lkgc us ckS¼ er dks rRdkyhuçpfyr ijEijkvksa ds cnys mlds la'kksf/r:i esa Lohdkj fd;kA ^fn cq¼ ,aM fgtíEe* rFkk 1951 ls 1956 ds muds Hkk"k.kksals ;g çdV gksrk gSA Hkxoku cq¼ usegkifjfuokZ.k ls iwoZ vius f'k"; vkuan dksviuh cqfèn vkSj lR; dh 'kj.k esa tkus dksdgk FkkA ckck lkgc us Hkh /ekZUrj.k lsdkiQh le; iwoZ vius vuq;kf;;ksa dks dgkFkk fd eSa vkils ckS¼ /eZ esa vkus dk vkxzgrks djrk gwa_ ij blls vkil esa iQwV ughaiM+uh pkfg,A tks blesa vkuk pkgsa] os dsoyHkkouk ds o'k gksdj ugha] vfirq fopkjiwoZdbls xzg.k djsaA

ckck lkgc us ckS¼ /eZ esa çpfyrpeRdkj o dFkkvksa dks ugha ekukA 29 o"kZdh voLFkk esa flènkFkZ ds x`gR;kx ds ckjsesa dgk tkrk gS fd ,d o`¼] ,d chekjvkSj ,d e`rd dks ns•dj muds eu esa

oSjkX; mRiUu gqvkA ckck lkgc dk er Fkkfd bl voLFkk rd ;g laHko ugha fdmUgksaus dHkh o`¼] chekj ;k e`rd dks u ns•kgksA blh çdkj mUgksaus pkj vk;Z lR;ksa dksckS¼ /eZ dh ewy ekU;rkvksa ds foijhr crkrsgq, dgk gS fd ;s Hkxoku cq¼ }kjk çfrikfnrugha gSaA ;fn tUe] e`R;q] iqutZUe lc nq• gS]rks fiQj euq"; dh vk'kk u"V gks tkrh gS vkSjO;fÙkQ fujk'kkoknh curk gSA blfy, viusxzaFk esa mUgksaus bu pkjksa dk mYys• ughafd;kA

ckck lkgc ckS¼ /eZ dh orZeku la?kO;oLFkk ds Hkh leFkZd ugha FksA blfy,mUgksaus nh{kk ds le; ^la?k 'kj.ka xPNkfe*ugha dgkA fo'o esa ckS¼ er esa ghu;ku vkSjegk;ku uked nks iaFk eq[;r% çpfyr gSaAckck lkgc us bu nksuksa dks ;Fkk:i esaLohdkj ugha fd;kA bl fo"k; esa JhekM•ksydj us muls iwNk fd rc D;kvkids iaFk dks Hkhe;ku dgsa \ ckck lkgcus galrs gq, dgk fd pkgs rks vki bls uo;kudgsa_ ij eSa bls Hkhe;ku dgdj Lo;a dksHkxoku ds cjkcj •M+k ugha dj ldrkA eSarks ,d NksVk vkneh gwaA eSaus lalkj dks u;kfopkj ugha fn;kA gka] Hkxoku }kjk çofrZr /eZpØ tks fiNys gtkj lky ls bl ns'k esa#dk gqvk Fkk] eSaus dsoy mls iqu% çofrZrfd;k gSA

ckck lkgc dk er Fkk fd ckS¼ /eZvarjjk"Vªh; gksus ds ckn Hkh gj ns'k esaLFkkuh; ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds vuqlkj mlesa dqNçFkk,a tqM+ x;h gSaA ,slh çFkk,a lkjs fo'o esa,d leku gksa] ;g vko';d ughaAmnkgj.kkFkZ frCcr esa fdlh O;fÙkQ ds ejusij ykek mlds 'ko ds VqdM+s dj mUgsaelydj xksys cukdj Åij iQsadrs gSa] ftllsfx¼ mUgsa •k tk,a_ ij Hkkjr esa ;g ijEijkpykuk laHko ugha gSA ckck lkgc us ckS¼ /eZ esa nh{kk fof/ çkjEHk dh] tcfd bldkçfriknu Hkh Hkxoku cq¼ us ugha fd;k rFkk;g ckS¼/ehZ vU; ns'kksa esa çpfyr ugha gSA

mudk er Fkk fd ,d le; iwjk HkkjrckS¼/ehZ gks x;k Fkk_ ij tc 'kadjkpk;Z usfgUnw /eZ dh Js"Brk iquLFkkZfir dh] rks lkjsckS¼ fiQj fgUnw cu x;sA ckck lkgc dsvuqlkj ckS¼ /eZ esa dksbZ nh{kk fof/ u gksusds dkj.k ckS¼ cus yksxksa us fgUnw nsoh&nsork]ioZ] R;kSgkj vkfn dks ekuuk ugha NksM+kA

fgUnqvksa us Hkh cq¼ dks fo".kq dk ukSoka vorkjeku dj vius /eZ esa lekfo"V dj fy;kA

mudk dguk Fkk ;fn ,slk u fd;k] rksgks ldrk gS fd fgUnw eq>s fo".kq dk 11okavorkj dg dj gekjs yksxksa dks fiQj fgUnwcuk nsaxsA blfy, mUgksaus nh{kk fof/ dhdBksj çfrKkvksa esa fgUnw nsoh&nsorkvksa dks uekuus dks çeq•rk ls lekfo"V fd;kA os ckS¼fo}ku] çopudkj vkSj 'kkL=kkFkZ djus okysrS;kj djuk pkgrs Fks_ ij le;kHkko dsdkj.k ;g laHko ugha gks ik;kA

;gka ;g ç'u LokHkkfod gS fd ckcklkgc ds bl dk;Z ls ns'k vkSj fgUnw /eZ dksD;k ykHk gqvk \ blds mÙkkj esa ;gh dgk tkldrk gS fd ckS¼ er Hkkjr dh feêðh lsmitk gksus ds dkj.k ckS¼ yksxksa dh fu"BkdHkh ns'k ls ckgj ugha gks ldrh] tcfdeqfLye vkSj bZlkbZ etgc ds lkFk ,slk ughagSA blfy, ckck lkgc dk ns'k vkSj fgUnwlekt ij cgqr cM+k midkj gSA mUgksaus lektds fu/Zu] fucZy vkSj oafpr oxZ ds fy, ,d^lsÝVh okYo* cuk fn;k] blds u gksus ijmuesa ls vusd yksx /u] f'k{kk ;k ukSdjhvkfn ds ykyp esa eqfLye ;k bZlkbZ cu ldrsFksA

bl er ifjorZu ls fgUnw lekt ds dbZcM+s usrkvksa us vius O;ogkj esa ifjorZufd;kA ckcklkgc }kjk /ekZUrj.k dh ?kks"k.kkds ckn eSlwj 'kklu us jktkKk }kjk vLi`';ksadks n'kgjk njckj esa vkus dh vuqefr nhA=kko.kdksj 'kklu us Hkh vius vf/dkj ds30]000 eafnjksa dks lcds fy, •ksy fn;kAblls fgUnw lektksRFkku dk ,d u;k ioZçkjEHk gqvkA

ckck lkgc ds bl Økafrdkjh dne dkvkxs vkus okys le; ij O;kid çHkko iM+kAblfy, muds ,d çeq• thouhdkj /uat;dhj us dgk gS fd fgUnw lekt dk igykiquthZou mifu"knksa us] nwljk Hkxoku cq¼ us]rhljk jkekuqt] pØ/j] dchj] jkekuan]ukud] pkSrU;] Kkunso tSls larksa us] pkSFkkjktk jkeeksgu jk;] egkRek iQqys] n;kuanljLorh] U;k;ewfrZ jkukMs] foosdkuan]lkojdj] xka/h vkfn us fd;kA blh dM+h esaos ikapos iquthZou vkSj iquxZBu dk Js; Mk0vEcsMdj dks nsrs gSaA muds bl er lsvlger ugha gqvk tk ldrkA

vkoj.k dFkk

cs/M+d U;wt

] vDV

wcj] 2

013


Mk- vEcsMdj ds /kfeZd fopkjksadks le>us dh n`f"V ls mudh nksegÙoiw.kZ iqLrdsa gSa & fjMYl vkiQWfgUnwbTe ,oa cqènk ,aM fgt /EeA çFkeiqLrd esa mUgksaus fgUnw lekt O;oLFkk dslkekftd ,oa /kfeZd varfoZjks/ksa dhppkZ dh gSA tcfd nwljh iqLrd esaxkSre cqèn ds }kjk çfrikfnr ckSèn /eZdh O;k[;k dh gSA mUgksaus xkSre cq/ dhikfy Hkk"kk esa fn, mins'kksa dk ;qxkuqdqyHkk"; djus ds Øe esa bls /eZ dh txg/Ee dgus ij tksj fn;k gSA

Hkxoku cqèn ds mins'k esa ¶viuknhid •qn cuus¸ ij tksj gSA Hkxokucqèn dh /Ee esa nwljs dh dgh] ns•hvkSj fy•h ckrksa ij vkLFkk ;k fo'okldh txg ¶vkRekuqHkwfr vkSj

vkRelk{kkRdkj¸ ij tksj gSA tcvkRekuqHkwfr vkSj vkRelk{kkRdkj gksrk gSrks d:.kk] 'khy vkSj çKk dh mRifÙkgksrh gSA ikjaifjd ckSèn /eZ vkxs pydjnks egÙoiw.kZ lEçnk;ksa esa foHkkftr gksx;k FkkA Fksjoknh lEçnk; (ftldsvuq;k;h Jhyadk] cekZ vkSj FkkbySaM tSlsns'kksa esa T;knk gSa) dk vkxzgvkRelk{kkRdkj (vius nhid •qn cuusdh çfØ;k) ds ckn O;fÙkQxr fuokZ.k(;k eqfÙkQ) ikus ij T;knk tksj jgk gSA;g ckSèn /Ee dk ikjaifjd vkSj T;knkyksdfç; lEçnk; jgk gSA nwljh vksjegk;ku lEçnk; ds yksx (ftldsvuq;k;h frCcr vkSj tkiku rFkk if'peds dqN ns'kksa esa ik, tkrs gSa)vkRelk{kkRdkj ds ckn O;fÙkQxr fuokZ.kçkIr djus dh ctk; lkewfgd fuokZ.kçkIr djus dh d:.kko'k lqdeZ djus

ij T;knk tksj nsrs gSaA egk;ku lEçnk;ds laLFkkid vkpk;Z ukxktZqu ,oa vlaxekus tkrs gSa tcfd Fksjoknh lEçnk; dslcls çeq• vkpk;Z egkRek cqèn] fHk{kqvkuan] egkd';i vkSj eksxfyiq=k fr";ekus tkrs gSaA

vk/qfud Hkkjr esa ckSèn /eZ dsfodkl esa egkcks/h lkslkbVh vkWiQJhyadk ds laLFkkid vukxfjd /eZikydh lcls egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk ekuh tkrhgSA mUuhloha 'krkCnh ds vafre o"kks± esa osFksjoknh lEçnk; ds lcls çeq• laxBdvkSj usrk lkfcr gq,A muds ç;klksa lsigys yík•] flfDde vkSj fgeky; dhrjkbZ esa ckSèn /eZ ds vuq;k;h jgrs Fksysfdu fcgkj] usiky] iwohZ mÙkj çns'k]eè; çns'k] egkjk"Vª vkSj vka/z çns'k dsckSèn eafnjksa] fogkjksa] Lrqiksa ds çfrLFkkuh; leqnk; dk mnklhu Hkko FkkA

Mk- ch- vkj- vEcsMdj dk ckSèn/eZ ds fodkl esa lSènkafrd ;ksxnku

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Mk- vEcsMdj vkSjmuds vuq;kf;;ksa ds /eZifjoZru (1956) ds cknHkkjr esa ckSèn /eZ dkuoksn; 'kq: gksrk gSA Mk-vEcsMdj us Hkkjr esa ckSèn/eZ dks nfyrksa dslaLÑfrdj.k ds oSdfYidekWMsy ds :i esa rksfodflr fd;k gh] blsxgLFk /eZ ds :i esa;qxkuqdwfyr Hkh fd;kA

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iQyLo:i] vU; ns'kksa ds ckSèn i;ZVdksadks dbZ çdkj dh vlqfo/k gksrh FkhA20oha 'krkCnh ds çkjaHk esa JhyadkbZ firkvkSj vaxzst eka ds csVs vkuan dsafV'kdqekjLokeh us ckSèn ,oa fgUnw dyk dsrqyukRed vè;;u ds ekè;e ls fgUnw /eZ ,oa ckSèn /eZ ds chp lH;rkewyd,drk dks js•kafdr fd;kA 1956 esaviuh e`R;q ls iwoZ Mk- vEcsMdj viusvuq;kf;;ksa ds lkFk lkewfgd :i lsckSèn] /eZ esa nhf{kr gq, rks muds /eks±ins'kd vkpk;Z Fksjoknh lEçnk; ,oacekZbZ ewy ds ,d Hkars FksA vr% osegkcks/h lkslkbVh vkWiQ Jhyadk ls tqM+x,A vius yacs lkekftd thou esa osyxkrkj egkRek cq} vkSj lar dchj dhjpukvksa dk fgUnw /eZ dh lekykspukdjus esa bLrseky djrs jgs FksA lardchjnkl pkSngoha&iaægoha 'krkCnh dschp Hkkjr esa fuxZq.k HkfÙkQ ds lclsçeq• vkpk;Z gq, gSa ftudk ejkBhKkuksn; dh lar ijaijk esa rqdkjke vkSjukenso ij fu.kkZ;d çHkko ekuk tkrk gSAiatkc ds egku xq: ukud ij Hkhdchjnkl dk egÙoiw.kZ çHkko FkkAdchjnkl ij ckSèn ra=kkxe ls çHkkforflènksa ,oa ukFkksa ds egku vkpk;Z xq:xksj•ukFk dk çHkko FkkA ckn esa os mÙkjHkkjr ds egku oS".ko vkpk;Z jkekuan lsHkh çHkkfor gq,A 15oha 'krkCnh lsdchjiaFk ,d Lora=k lEçnk; ds :i esafodflr gqvkA Mk- vEcsMdj dk ifjokj,d dchjiaFkh ifjokj FkkA cgqtu lektikVhZ ds laLFkkid ekU;oj dkalhjke dktUe ,d ukudiaFkh fl• ifjokj esagqvk FkkA Mk- vEcsMdj ds T;knkrj mÙkjHkkjrh; vuq;kf;;ksa dk ifjokj T;knkrjegku HkÙkQ larks ds iaFk] eB ;k vkJels lacaf/r jgk gSA dchj] rqdkjke]ukenso] ukud] jfonkl (jSnkl)] nknw]rkuk vkfn xSj&czkã.k larks ds lo.kZvuq;kf;;ksa dh la[;k Hkh de ugha jghgSA Hkkjr esa HkfÙkQ lEçnk; dk tUeigys nf{k.k Hkkjr esa gqvkA ysfdu nf{k.k

Hkkjr ds HkÙkQksa dk lh/s&lh/s mÙkj Hkkjrij çHkko ugha gks x;kA bZlk&iwoZ NBh'krkCnh ls 12oha 'krkCnh rd mÙkj Hkkjresa ckS} /eZ dk fu;a=k.k ukyank ds egkuxq:dqy vkSj ckSèn fogkj ls gksrk FkkA13oha 'krkCnh esa cf[r;kj f•yth usukyank ds xq:dqy (ckSèn fo'ofo|ky;)vkSj ckSèn fogkj dks u"V dj fn;kA dqNckSèn fHk{kq frCcr vkSj vU; LFkkuksa ijpys x,A vU; yksx ns'k ds fofHkUu Hkkxksaesa flèn vkSj ukFk ;ksxh ds :i esa fc•jx,A 14oha 'krkCnh esa mÙkj Hkkjr ds HkfÙkQlEçnk;ksa ds fodkl esa bu flènksa vkSjukFk ;ksfx;ksa dh egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk jghAysfdu ,d Lora=k /eZ ds :i esa ckSèn/eZ dh lkaLÑfrd vfLerk vkSjjktuSfrd laxBu 19oha 'krkCnh ds varesa vukxfjd /eZiky ds Hkkjr vkus vkSjegkcks/h lkslkbVh ds fuekZ.k (1891) dsckn gh gks ik;kA

Mk- vEcsMdj vkSj muds vuq;kf;;ksads /eZ ifjoZru (1956) ds ckn Hkkjresa ckSèn /eZ dk uoksn; 'kq: gksrk gSAMk- vEcsMdj us Hkkjr esa ckSèn /eZ dksnfyrksa ds laLÑfrdj.k ds oSdfYidekWMsy ds :i esa rks fodflr fd;k gh]bls x`gLFk /eZ ds :i esa ;qxkuqdwfyrHkh fd;kA Hkxoku cqèn us •qn fHk{kqvksa dsfy, vkSj x`gLFkksa ds fy, vyx&vyx/eks± dk mins'k fd;k FkkA vukxfjd/eZiky us Fksjoknh ijaijk ds fHk{kqvksa dkslaxfBr djus ds Øe esa fHk{kq /eZ dks ghckSèn /eZ ds :i esa çfrf"Br fd;k FkkA;wjksi ds çkP;fonksa ds çHkko esa T;knkrjtkikuh ,oa vU; ckSèn fo}kuksa us HkhckSèn /eZ ds VsD;qvy (/kfeZd lkfgR;,oa ikBksa) L=kksrksa ds vk/kj ij tksckSfènd foe'kZ çLrqr fd;k mlesa HkhfHk{kq /eZ dh vkè;kfRed lk/uk vkSjvkRelk{kkRdkj ,oa fuokZ.k çkfIr dh;kSfxd ,oa rkaf=kd fØ;kvksa ij gh T;knktksj FkkA dqy feykdj 1956 rd dsckSèn foe'kZ esa 'kkL=k i{k ,oa fHk{kq /eZij tksj FkkA dqekjLokeh us ckSèn dyk

dks nqfu;k ds lkeus j•kA ysfdu ckSèn /eZ ds yksdi{k ,oa x`gLFk /eZ dksnqfu;k ds lkeus ledkyhu ifjis{; esaj•us okys Mk- vEcsMdj igys O;fÙkQgq,A blh çfØ;k esa mUgksaus FksjoknhijEijk ds yksdi{k dks egk;ku ckSèn /eZ ds lkewfgd fuokZ.k okys vkè;kfRedi{k ds lkFk tksM+dj O;fÙkQxr fuokZ.k dsFksjoknh fHk{kq /eZ dks vius ckSèn foeZ'kdk xkS.k LFkku fn;kA ckSèn rRo ehekalkds bfrgkl esa ,d egku /eZlq/kjvkanksyu dk lw=kikr FkkA bldh rqyukdkfYou }kjk 'kq: fd;s x, bZlkbZ /eZ dsçksVsLVSaV bZlkbZ uSfrdrk (bfFkd) usiw¡thoknh dk;Z laLÑfr ds fodkl esaegÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkk;h] mlh rjg Mk-vEcsMdj ds ckSèn uSfrdrk okys yksd/eZ us Hkkjr ds nfyr leqnk; ds chpjktuhfrd dk;Z laLÑfr fodflr djxSj&mifuos'koknh çtkra=kh; O;oLFkk dkslaiq"V djus esa fu.kkZ;d Hkwfedk fuHkk;kgSA

tks Hkh gks] vkt Mk- vEcsMdjoafpr lewg ds lcls çeq• flènkardkjcu pqds gSaA vkt egkRek xka/h vkSj Mk-vEcsMdj Hkkjrh; lH;rkewyd foe'kZ dsledkyhu flènkardkj gSaA egkRek xka/hdk foe'kZ Hkkjrh; lekt ds cgqla[;dfgUnwvksa ds n`f"Vdks.k dh lH;rkewydvfHkO;fÙkQ gS rks Mk- vEcsMdj dkfoe'kZ Hkkjrh; lekt ds vYila[;dckSènksa dh n`f"Vdks.k dh lH;rkewydvfHkO;fÙkQ gSA os ,d vU; vFkZ esa nfyrleqnk; ds lcYVuZ n`f"Vdks.k ds HkhçoÙkQk jgs gSaA os if'peh fyczyMseksØslh vkSj xSj lkE;oknh O;oLFkk dsusg: ;qx esa fxus&pqus çoÙkQkvksa ds :iesa Hkh rRdkyhu fodkl ppkZ esa xkS.k /kjk (lcYVuZ dk ,d vFkZ oafpr lewggS rks nwljk vFkZ xkS.k /kjk Hkh gS) dsçfrfuf/ FksA

ys[kd ts,u;w esa lekt'kkL=kfoHkkx ds izksiQslj gSA

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foe'kZ

fgUnw laLÑfr lEiw.kZ ekuork ds fy, pqukSrh

fgUnqvksa dh iwtk dk lhtu py jgkgSA caxky ds caxkyh nqxkZ iwtk vkSj mÙkj oif'pe Hkkjr ds yksx jko.k&ngu djnSfod&Ñik dk ykHk mBk pqds gSaA vc osnSfod&ÑikykHk dk Hk.Mkj vkSj le`èndjus fy, y{eh (fnokyh)] NB] tx/k=khbR;kfn dh iwtk dh rS;kfj;ksa esa tqV x, gSaAcgjgky bl ckj nqxkZ iwtk dk ftl iSekusij cgqtu lekt ds tkx:d yksxksa uscfg"dkj fd;k] og ehfM;k esa ppkZ dkfo"k; cu x;kA fot; n'keh] n'kgjk ;k

uojkf=k dk fgUnw /kfeZd mRlo] ^vlqj*jktk efg"kklqj vkSj muds vuq;kf;;ksa dsvk;ks± }kjk o/ vkSj lkewfgd ujlagkj dkvuq"Bku gS] ;g ekurs gq, iQsl cqd ijvla[; yksxksa us nqxkZ iwtk can djus dh ekaxdj MkyhA nwljh rjiQ fofHkUu laxBuksa }kjk60 ls vf/d txg efg"kklqj 'kgknr fnoldk vk;kstu gqvk] ftuesa >kj•.M dsx<+ok ftys ds v'kksd fot; n'keh* tSlhegRoiw.kZ fdrkc ds ys•d MkW- fot;dqekj f=k'kj.k us vyx ls ehfM;k dk è;kuvkdf"kZr fd;kA MkW- f=k'kj.k ds ç;kl lsx<+ok vkSj mlds ik'oZorhZ ftyksa esa nl

txg dk;Ze vk;ksftr dj jko.k dksê;kZnk&iq#"kksre* vkSj efg"kklqj dksêgku ewy fuoklh lezkV* ds :i esaçfrf"Br djrs gq, nqxkZ iwtk ls yksxksa dksfoeq• djus dk cfy"B ç;kl gqvkA fdUrqfganh iêðh esa êfg"kklqj 'kgknr fnol*eukus dh tks vpkud c<+ vkbZ gS] mldsi`"B esa gS ts,u;w dk vky bafM;k cSdoMZLVwMsaV iQksje* (,vkbZch,l,iQ ) ftldsvè;{k gSa ftrsUæ ;knoA

2011 esa ,vkbZch,l,iQ us ,dif=kdk esa Nis fganh ds çfrfuf/ dFkkdkj]fpUrd o jktuhfrdehZ çse dqekj ef.k ds

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jko.k dksê;kZnk&iq#"kksre* vkSjefg"kklqj dks êgku ewyfuoklh lezkV* ds :i esaçfrf"Br djrs gq, nqxkZiwtk ls yksxksa dks foeq•djus dk cfy"B ç;klgqvkA nfyr lkfgR;bZ'oj&fojks/ esa fo'opSfEi;u cu fofHkUuçkUrksa esa lksRlkg 'kq:gqvk efg"kklqj dk'kgknr fnol

fgUnw&/eZ&laLÑfr dsf•ykiQ yEcs le; lspy jgh cgqtu&laLÑfrdh yM+kbZ dh gh ,d

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ys• fdldh iwtk dj jgs gSa cgqtu\* dsekè;e ls ts,u;w Nk=kksa ds foe'kZ ds fy,^efg"kklqj ds lp* dks j•kA ef.k us viusys• esa ;g lR;ks¼kfVr fd;k Fkk fd vk;ks±us HkSalikyd lekt ds uk;d efg"kklqj dksml nqxkZ ds gkFkksa Ny ls o/ djok fn;k]ftl nqxkZ dks cax ns'k dh os';k,a vius dqydk crykrh gSaA ,sls fo"k;oLrq ls tqM+s ys•ij la?kh&lo.kZ Nk=kksa us tgka iQksje ds Nk=kksals ekjihV dh ogha ts,u;w ç'kklu dsvè;{k ftrsUæ ;kno dks /kfeZd Hkkouk,aHkM+dkus ds vkjksi esa uksfVl tkjh fd;kAbl ij ns'k ds cqfènthfo;ksa] i=kdkjksa dhrhoz çfrf;k gqbZ ftlds ncko esa ç'kklu usuksfVl okfil ys yhA bl uSfrd thr lsmRlkfgr fiNM+s oxZ ds Nk=kksa us 25 uoEcj]2011 dks igyh ckj ts,u;w ifjlj esa^efg"kklqj 'kgknr fnol* dk vk;kstufd;kA vk;kstu liQy jgk vkSj mlls çsfjrgksdj fganh iêðh ds fofHkUu vapyksa esa oSlsvk;kstuksa dk flyflyk py iM+kA bl lkylkB ls vf/d txgksa ij bldk vk;kstugqvk tks crykrk gS fd cgqtu lekt dschp efg"kklqj dh Nfo ,d u, feFkdh;uk;d ds :i esa çfrf"Br gksrs tk jgh gSA

cgjgky dkfcys xkSj gS bVyh dse'kgwj Økafrdkjh ys•d varksfu;ks xzkElhlfgr nqfu;k ds <sjksa lekt foKkfu;ksa us ghdgk gS fd ;fn 'kksf"krksa dks 'kkldksa dsopZLo dks rksM+uk gS rks mUgsa mudhlkaLÑfrd opZLork dks rksM+rs gq, viukoSdfYid lkaLÑfrd opZLo LFkkfir djukgksxkA ,slk nqfu;k ds reke ns'kksa esa gqvk gSAtgka rd Hkkjr dk loky gS ;g la?k"kZ yEcsle; ls pyk vk jgk gSA ;g dke eè; ;qxds larksa us fd;k] vk/qfud Hkkjr esa iQqys]'kkgwth] isfj;kj] ckck lkgsc MkW- vkacsMdj]jkeLo:i oekZ lfgr <sjksa egkekuoksa us bldk;Z dks vatke fn;kA vktkn Hkkjr esadka'khjke us bls cfy"BrkiwoZd vatkefn;kA muds vkUnksyuksa ds iQyLo:i mÙkjHkkjr esa yksx fgUnw nsoh&nsorkvksa dh rLohjsa?kjksa ls fudky dj unh&rkykcksa esa MqcksusyxsA ckn esa tc mudh f'k";k ek;korhth

ds gkFkksa esa lÙkk vkbZ mUgksaus mldkbLrseky oSdfYid lkaLÑfrd çrhd •M+kdjus vuqie felky dk;e fd;kA bl Øeesa nfyr lkfgR; bZ'oj&fojks/ esa fo'opSfEi;u cu fofHkUu çkUrksa esa lksRlkg 'kq:gqvk efg"kklqj dk 'kgknr fnolfgUnw&/eZ&laLÑfr ds f•ykiQ yEcs le;ls py jgh cgqtu &laLÑfr dh yM+kbZ dhgh ,d ubZ dM+h gSA

loky iSnk gksrk gS yEcs le; ls pyjgh bl yM+kbZ dk ifj.kke D;k fudyk\esjs [;ky ls ifj.kke ugha ds cjkcj lkeusvk;kA bldk lcwr fgUnw /eZ&laLÑfr dsçorZdksa dh orZeku ih<+h dk 'kfÙkQ ds lzksrksaij 80&85 çfr'kr dCtk gSA ,slk blfy,gqvk fd D;ksafd oSdfYid lkaLÑfrdyM+kbZ yM+rs le; fgUnw /eZ laLÑfr dsihNs mlds çorZdksa ds vly y{; dksè;ku esa ugha j•k x;kA blds çorZd fons'khvk;Z FksA nqfu;k esa gj dky esa loZ=k ghfotsrkvksa dk vly y{; foftr ns'k dslaink&lalk/uksa ij dCtk tekuk rFkkijk/hu cuk;s x, yksxksa ds lLrs Je dk'kks"k.k djuk jgk gSA fgUnw /eZ&laLÑfrHkkjr ds fons'khxr 'kkldksa ds pje y{;dh iwfrZ esa ftl rjg lgk;d cuh] ogfo'o bfrgkl ds csuthj ?kVuk gSA fo'obfrgkl esa fdlh Hkh vU; lkezk;oknh tekrus lEink& lalk/uksa ij fpj&LFkkbZ rkSj ijdCtk tekus ds fy, /eZ vkSj laLÑfr dkoSlk bLrseky ugha fd;k] tks vk;Z dj x,A

fgUnw&laLÑfr dk mRl njvlyo.kZ&O;oLFkk/kfjr o.kZ&/eZ gSA çR;sdlaxfBr /eZ ds çorZdksa dh Hkkafr o.kZ&/eZds çorZd vk;ks± us Hkh thou dk pje y{;ikjykSfdd lq• vFkkZr~ eks{k crk;kA blsvftZr djus ds fy, mUgksaus fofHkUu o.kks± dsfy, deZ fufnZ"V fd,A ;s deZ gh /eZ gSa]ftudk fu"BkiwoZd vuqikyu djrs gq,fgUnw bZ'oj ds fofHkUu vaxksa ls tUes]fofHkUu fdLe (o.kZ) ds fgUnw eks{k çkIrdj ldrs gSaA blesa czkã.k dk deZbaVsysDpqvy çksiQs'ku vFkkZrvè;;u&vè;kiu] ikSjksfgR; vkSj jk;

lapkyu esa ea=k.kknku _ {kf=k; dkHkw&LokfeRo] jk; vkSj lSU; lapkyu rFkkoS'; dk dk;Z i'kq ikyu&O;olk;&okf.k;Ablesa thou dk pje y{; eks{k vftZrdjus ds fy, vk;ks± us cgqtuksa ds fy,fufnZ"V fd;k rhu mPprj o.kks± dh lsok ds]og Hkh ikfjJfed jfgrA rks o.kZ&O;oLFkkds çorZu ds ihNs eks{k ugha] fdlh Hkh vU;fons'kkxr dh Hkkafr fgUnw lkezk;okfn;ksa dkpje y{; laink&lalk/uksa ij dCtktekuk rFkk ijk/hu ewyfuokfl;ksa ds lLrsgh ugha] fu%'kqYd Je dk nksgu jgkA

viQlksl ds lkFk dguk iM+rk gS fdfgUnw /eZ&laLÑfr ds eqdkcys o"kks± ls la?k"kZpyk jgs yksx mlds ihNs fØ;k'khyvFkZ'kkL=k dks le>us esa iwjh rjg vleFkZjgsA vxj mlds vFkZ'kkL=k dks le>s gksrsrc vkt dh Hkkafr vk;ks± dh ekStwnk ih<+hdk 'kfÙkQ ds lzksrksa (vkfFkZd&jktuhfrd&/kfeZd) ij 80&85 çfr'kr dCtk ughagksrkA vkt dh rkjh• esa iwjs fo'o esa ghfdlh Hkh ijaijkxr lqfo/k o 'kfÙkQ&laiUurcds dk fdlh Hkh MseksØsfVd daVªh esa'kfÙkQ ds lzksrksa 80&85 çfr'kr dCtk ughagSA lkjh nqfu;k esa gh çkphu O;oLFkkvksa dslqfo/k&laiUu rcds bfrgkl ds iUuksa dh'kksHkk cudj jg x, gSaA çkphu jkse dsiSfVªfl;u rFkk ;wjksi ds eè; ;qx ds fdax]ykWM~lZ] cSju tSls vrhr dh lqfo/k&laiUutekr dk dgha vrk&irk ugha gSA fdUrqHkkjr esa çkphu ;qx ds 'kfÙkQ&laiUu dhekStwnk ih<+h vkt Hkh vius iwoZtksa dh Hkkafrgh 'kfÙkQ laiUu gS rks nks"k fgUnw/eZ&laLÑfr ds f•ykiQ la?k"kZ pyus okyksadk gS ftUgksaus fgUnw&/eZ&laLÑfr ds ihNsfufgr vFkZ'kkL=k dh iwjh rjg vuns•h djviuh lkjh ÅtkZ vewrZ eqíksa esa >ksd nhAD;k efg"kklqj dh 'kgknr eukus esa tqVsyksx fgUnw /eZ&laLÑfr ds çorZu ds ihNsfNis vk;ks± ds vHkh"V dks le>rs gq, mldsçorZdksa dh orZeku ih<+h ds 'kfÙkQ ds lzksrksaij dCts dks rksM+us esa Hkh ÅtkZ yxk;saxs\

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vkt foKku dk ;qx gSA bls gedEI;qVj] bUVjuSV] eksckbZy dk ;qx Hkh dgldrs gSaA fons'kh oSKkfudksa ds vkfo"dkjksads cy ij vkt ;g nqfu;ka cMh gh lqUnjcu xbZ gS vkSj Hkfo"; esa vkSj Hkh lqUnjcurh tk;sxhA ijUrq euqoknh fgUnqvksa us muoSKkfudksa o muds }kjk fd;s x;s vkfo"dkjksadks dHkh Js; ugha fn;kA cfYd muvkfo"dkjksa dks vius /eZ 'kkL=kksa osn iqjk.kksaesa igys gh fy[kk crk fn;kA budhÑr?kurk nsf[k;s! fiQj Hkh ;s dgrs gSaA ;glc rks gekjs ½f"k eqfu iwoZt igys gh djds NksM pqds gSaA ysfdu gSjkuh dh ckr rks

;g gS fd buds iwoZt tc brus gh Kkuh Fks]rks ;s brus vkKkuh D;ksa cus jgs fd 2000o"kksZ rd fonsf'k;ksa ds xqyke jgsA fo'ks"k djeqlyekuksa ds ikaoksa rys jksans tkrs jgsAlSdM+ksa o"kksZ rd eqlyeku geykojksavkØkarkvksa ds xqyke jgsA vkSj yxHkx 200o"kksZ rd vaxstksa ds v/hu jgsA

'kk;n czkÞe.k vk;ks± dks Hkkjr dsewy fuoklh vkfnoklh o ckS¼ksa dks lrkusdh ltk feyhA iafMr tokgj yky usg: usviuh izfl¼ iqLrd fMLdojh vkiQbfUM;k esa fy[kk gS fd ,d le; ;g ns'kckS¼ e; gks x;k FkkA lezkV v'kksd us ns'kgh ugha fons'kksa esa Hkh rd ckS¼ /eZ iQSyk

fn;k Fkk ckS¼ /eZ ds ?kksj fojks/h czkÞe.k?kkr yxk;s cSBs Fks fd dSls ckS¼ dks u"Vfd;k tk;A gqvk ;s fd ckS¼ /eZ dsegkizrkih jktk o`gæFk us ,d dqfVyczkÞe.k iq"ife=k 'kqax dks vfr fo'okldjds viuh lsuk dk iz/ku lsukifr cukfy;kA ml nxkckt xn~nkj czkÞe.k us /ks[ksls jktk dh gR;k dj nhA fiQj ml uhpczkÞe.k lsukifr us jktk cu dj ;g ?kks"k.kkdj nh fd ns'k ls lkjs ckS¼ksa o ewyfuokfl;ksa dks liQk;k dj fn;k tk;saA gtkjksayk[kksa ckS¼ vuq;kf;;ksa dks ekSr ds ?kkVmrkj fn;k x;kA nq"V lsukifr us ckS¼fHk{kqvksa dks tks cq¼ /eZ ds izpkjd Fks mUgsa

;fn vaxzst Hkkjr esa vk;s u gksrsbfrgkl xokg gS

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fo'ks"k :i ls dRy djok;kA cgqr ls ckS¼fHk{kq viuh tku cpkdj ns'k ls ckgjfrCcr phu vkfn ns'kksa esa igqap x;s FksA ,slsle; eqlyeku vkØkark (geykojkas) dkvkxeu 'kq: gks x;k Fkk eqlyekugeykojksa us cps dqps cq¼ fogkjksa Lrwiksavkfn dks u"V fd;k vkSj vk;Z czkÞe.kksa dhenn ls ukyank fo'o fo|ky; esa vkxyxoknh ukyank esa dbZ eghuksa rd vkxyxh jghA ekuork oknh ckS¼ lkfgR; tydj [kkd gks x;kA ckS¼ /eZ dks m[kkMiQSadus esa czkÞe.kksa us eqlyeku glykojksadh ix&ix ij lgk;rk dh czkÞe.kksa dksbl ckr ls cMh 'kkafr feyh fd ekuorkoknho foKku lEer lerkoknh ckS¼ /eZ ns'k lsckgj pyk x;k fdrus nq[k dh ckr gS fdgtkjksa yk[kksa ckS¼ vuq;kf;;ksa ckS¼ fHk{kqvksads ekSr ds ?kkV mrkjus dh ;qxkardkjh ?kVukdks Hkh euqokfn;ksa us bfrgkl esa dgha ntZugh fd;k tc fd eqlyeku yqVsjksa]vkØkUrkvksa geykojksa dh NksVh ls NksVh?kVukvksa dks Hkh bfrgkl esa gh ntZ fd;kA

vkØked eqgEen xkSjh us gtkjksa{kf=k; jktnwrksa dk dRysvke fd;k vkSjiFohjkt dks viuh dSn esa j[kk] ckn esa mldh gR;k dj nhA ;s jktiwr {kf=k; nfyrvNwrksa dks dqpyus esa viuk {k=kh; /eZfuHkkrs FksA lu~ 1026 esa egewn xtuoh uslkseukFk eafnj ij geyk fd;k vkSj ujlagkj 'kq: dj fn;kA czkÞe.k iaMs iqtkjhHkxoku lkse ls izkFkZuk dj jgs Fks fd gsHkxoku bu eqlyeku nq"V vkØe.kdkfj;ksadks u"V dj nks viuk peRdkj fn[kk nksijUrq va/fo'oklh fgUnqvksa ds Hkxoku usdksbZ peRdkj ugha fn[kk;kA egewn eafnj lsdjksMksa :- ds ghjs tokgjkr o gtkjksa yk[kksauj ukfj;ksa dks xqyke cukdj xtuoh ysx;kA 712 bZLoh esa eqgEen fou dkfle usmu lHkh yksxksa dk dRy dj fn;kA ftUgksausbLyke /eZ dcwy ugha fd;kA rSewj yax usHkh gtkjksa yk[kksa ckS¼ksa dks dRy dj fn;kFkk vkSjaxtsc] ckcj] ukfnj 'kkg vkSj cgqrls eqlyeku cMs Øwj rkuk'kkg gq, gSaAvf/dka'k eqlfye vkØkarkvksa us ftu fgUnw

jktkvksa dks gjk;kA mu dh lsuk nkl nkfl;ksao jkfu;ksa lfgr lcdks eqlyeku cuk;kryckj o rkdr ds cy ij eqlyekuksa usfgUnqvksa dk eku enZu fd;k cgu csfV;ksa dhvLer ywVh vkSj lfn;ksa rd tqYe <k;s]ftUgsa fgUnw vkt Hkwy pqds gSaA eqlyekuksa usavius uke Hkkjr Hkwfe esa vej djus dsfy;s dbZ ,sfrgkfld bekjrsa Hkh cuokbZ tSlsbeke ckMs efLtnsa] yky fdys] dqrqcehukjo rkt egy tSlh b'd ekSgCcr dh;knxkjsa cuokbZA eqlyeku ckn'kkgksa dkslkekftd lq/kj f'k{kk] fpfdRlk vkfn dsckjs esa dksbZ :fp ugha FkhA cl dsoy lqUnjfL=k;ksa dks ysdj bZ'd ekSgCcr 'ksjks 'kk;jhdj jaxjsfy;ka eukus ds 'kkSdhu FksA ,d fnurks vkØked eqLfye ckn'kkgksa dk vUr Hkhgksuk FkkA lks gqvkA ;fn ns'k esa czkÞe.koknu gksrk rks eqlyeku ;gka jkt u djrseqfLye vkØkarkvksa ds ckn Hkkjr esa vaxzstO;kikj djus ds fy;s vk;s vkSj ;gka dsfgUnw lekt esa O;kIr tkr&ikr] mQap&uhpokyh O;oLFkk ns[kh mUgsa yxk fd Hkkjr esajkt djuk rks cgqr vklku gS mUgksausjktuhfrd prqjkbZ dwVfufr viuk djviuk jkt bl vHkkxs ns'k esa dk;e djfy;kA vHkkxk bl fy;s fd nqfu;ka esa ;gh,d ,slk ns'k gS tks {ks=kiQy esa fo'kky olqjf{kr lhek;sa gksrs gq, Hkh dsoyczkÞe.kokn ds dkj.k gtkjksa o"kkZs rdfonsf'k;ksa dk xqyke jgkA fgUnw laLÑfr dhMhax gkadus okys Lo.kZ fgUnw vaxzstksa o mudhlaLÑfr dh fuank djus esa dksbZ dksj dljugha NksM+rsA bl ns'k dks vk/qfud :iiznku djus okys vaxszt 'kkldksa ds f[kykiQ70&80 o"kksZ esa mUgsa vf/d ls vf/d nq"Vdjkj djus ds fy;s <sjksa fiQYesa ukVd vkfncuk;sA ijUrq fgUnqvksa dks eqlyekuksa }kjk<k;s x;s tqYe mRihM+u Øwjrk ij dHkh nq[kugha gqvkA vaxzstksa us eqlyekuksa dh rjgfgUnqvksa dh fL=k;ksa dh bTtr ls dHkh dksbZf[kyokM ugha fd;k czkÞe.koknh ehfM;k usvaxzstksa ds mTtoy i{k dks dHkh ughamHkkjkA lu~ 2013 vktdy Lo.kZ fgUnw fiQjvius eqag fe;k feBw ;kuh 'ksf[k;ka c?kkjus esa

ytk gqvk gSA dgrk fiQjrk gS fd ge uscgqr izxfr (mUufr) dj yh gSaA geus,sf'k;k;h ns'kksa dks cgqr ihNs NksM fn;k gSAvc vesfjdk o ;wjksfi;u ns'kksa dks VDdjnsus yxs gSa gekjs ;gka vc cMs&cMs gksVy]fcx cktkj] eky eSVªks jsy 40]50 eaftysHkou cuk;s tkus yxs gSa 2-2 djksM ds ÝySVlcls /uh ekuh yksx gekjs ns'k esa gSa gekjsdbZ iwath ifr nqfu;ka ds lcls vehj gSvkfn ijUrq dksu ugha tkurk fd vkt Hkhfonsf'k;ksa dh VSDuksyksth ds lgkjs gh lcdqn cu jgk gSA eSVªksjsy eSVªksLVs'ku cqf¼"Vns'k tkiku o dksfj;k dh VsDuksykth gSaAmUgha dk Kku gS vesfjdk tSls ns'kksa esa70]80 o"kZ igys gh 100 eafty ls mQij dhfcfYMax Hkou cuk;s tk pqds FksA ;s ns'k rkspUæek dh tehu ij cfLr;ka Hkh clkus dh;kstuk cuk jgs gSa gekjs ns'k ds vU/fo'okfl;ksa ds fy;s rks pUæek (vkt Hkhdsoy pUnk ekek gh gS) izQkal ls baXySaM dkstksMus okyh leqæ ds uhps pyus okyh ;wjksVsªu py jgh gSaA D;k Lo.kZ fgUn dqcsj ifr,sfiQy Vkoj tks fo'o izfl¼ gS vkt Hkh,slh Vkoj cuk ldrs gSaA ;k ;wjks Vsªu pykldrs gSa ogh vaxzst ftuds jkt esa dHkh lw;Zugha fNirk Fkk gekjk ns'k Hkh mudk xqykeFkk vaxzstksa us 1947 esa bl ns'k dks vktknfd;kA vaxzstksa ds pys tkus ds ckn Hkkjr dhleLr /u /jrh muds yxk;s dy dkj[kkusiQSDVfj;ka dkj eksVj jsy gokbZ tgkt vkfnij Lo.kZ fgUnqvksa vkSj Lo.kZ eqlyekuksa usviuk vf/dkj tek fy;kA

Lo.kZ fgUnqvksa dks vaxzstksa dk ÑrKgksuk pkfg;s fd mUgksaus lMh gqbZ fgUnlaLÑfr ftl ij Fks cMk xoZ djrs gSaA esaiQSyh dqjhfr;ka tSls lrh izFkk cky fookgfo/ok o/] Øwj uj cfy izFkk can djus dsdkuwu cuk;s ftu dqizFkkvksa ls gj rjiQnfyr vNwrkas o ukfj;ksa ij vU;k;s ovR;kpkjksa dk cksy ckyk jgrk FkkA czkÞe.kvk;Z ewy fuoklh vkfn okfl;ksa ij fdlrjg vR;kpkj djrs Fks czkÞe.kksa ds dgusij dkYifud jke }kjk funksZ"k 'kEcwd fjf"ktks 'kwæ Fkk dry djok fn;k Fkk vkSj

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,dyO; tks ml tekus dk /uq"k /kjh Fkkftl 'kwæ us Lo;a ds vius iz;klksa ls ;gfo|k lh [kyh Fkh] czkÞe.k æks.kkpk;Z dks ;gckr vPNh u yxh mlus ,dyO; dk diViw.kZ rjhds vaxwBk dVok fn;k tks fgUnw jktkeqlfye vkØkarkvksa ds uj lagkjksa ls Mj djmuds dneksa esa flj j[k nsrs Fks vkSj mUgsamigkj esa viuh bTtr rd yqVk nsrs Fks oghacqtfny dk;j jktk 'kwæksa o vfr 'kwæksa ijczkÞe.kksa ds dgus ij fdrus vR;kpkj djrsFksA ;gh Fkh fgUnqvksa dh U;k; O;oLFkkA

vaxzstksa dh U;k; O;oLFkk nsf[k;sgekjs ns'k esa ykMZ dkuZckfy, us loZ izFkeU;k; O;oLFkk ds fy;s cM+s&cM+s uxjksa esaU;k;ky;ksa dh LFkkiuk dh Fkh vaxzstksa dksfgUnw cgqr gh dBksj iz'kkld dgrs gSczkÞe.k oknh jktkvksa dh vis{kk vaxzst cMsgh U;k; fiz; FksA vaxzstksa dh dBksjrk ds nkspkj mnkgj.k vo'; gSa tks vius 'kklddks lq/`< djus ds fy, t:jh Hkh gksrs gSatfy;ka okys ckx dh ?kVuk vo'; gh cMh?kVuk Fkh ftl esa lSdMsa yksx ekjs x;s FksijUrq eqlyekuksa ds uj lagkjksa ds eqdkoysftuesa yk[kksa djksM yksx ekjs x;s FksA iatkcesa og ?kVh ;g xksyh dkaB dh ?kVuk dkiQhde rj ekywe iMrh gS viuh U;k;O;oLFkk esa vehj xjhc NksVk cMk NwrvNwr tkfr ikfrdk Hksn Hkko ugha j[krs Fksos lp ek;us esa U;k; fiz;s 'kkld FksA

1- U;k; iz.kkyh %& vkt rks fgUnqvksadk gh 'kklu gSA gj rjiQ ywV [klksV nfyrksadh gR;k o mudh cgu csfV;ksa ds lkFkcykRdkj fnu jkr vijk/ gksrs jgrs gSaAvkt dh vnkyrsa o iqfyl vehjksa cMsusrkvksa mPp tkfr;ksa dk gh i{k ysrh gSaAvaxzstksa ds tekus esa iqfyl fdlh vijk/hgR;kjs [kwuh dks ikrky ls Hkh fudky ysrsFksA vkSj mls iQkalh ij yVdk nssrs FksA

bfrgkl xokg gS fd ckS¼ksa o vaxzstksadh U;k; O;oLFkk] eqlyekuksa o vkt dsfgUnqvksa dh U;k; O;oLFkk ls vf/d U;k;fiz; FkhaA vkt dh iqfyl rks iSls ds ykypesa vijkf/;ksa dh j{kk o funksZ"kksa ij ghvR;kpkj djrh gSaA

2- izkphu /jksgjksa o Lekjdksa dh j{kkvaxzstksa dh egkurk nsf[k;s fd mUgksaus ckS¼ksa]eqlyekuksa o fgUnqvksa dh izkphu HktuksaLekdksZ vkfn dh Bhd izdkj ls j{kk dh tcfd ckS¼ /eZ izkphu LekdksZ ,frgkfldxqiQvksa o fogkjksa Hkouksa dh eqlyekuvkØkarkvksa vkSj czkÞe.kksa us feydj u"Vfd;k FkkA vtUrk ,syksjk tSlh fo'o izfl¼xqiQkvksa dks vaxzstksa us gh [kkst fudkyk FkkAeqgEen cf[r;kj f[kyth ds lkFkfHkrj?kkr djds czkÞe.kksa us ukyank dks u"Vdjok;k FkkA (iSjk) 'kq: Hkkjr esa fpfdRlko f'k{kk ds fy;s vaxzstksa ds ;ksxnku dksÑr/u yksx gh Hkqyk ldrs gSaA ykMZfofy;e cafVax o ykMZ eSdkys us Hkkjr esavaxzsth dks f'k{kk dk ekè;e cuk;kA ;fnHkkjr esa ;s vaxzstk vk;s u gksrs rks geHkkjrh; vaxzsthdk Kku Hkh izkIr ugha djldrs FksA tks vkt lkjs fo'o dh lEiZdHkk"kk gSaA vkSj ftlesa foKku ds lkFk&lkFklkjs lalkj dk Kku Hkjk iMk gSA

dbZ lkS fj;klrksa esa caVs Hkkjr dksdkSu ,d jk"V dg ldrk ;g rks dsoyvaxzstksa dh o mudh vaxjsth dk gh izHkkoFkk fd gesa foKku ls lacaf/r laLr /u tSlsfotyh Vhoh jsfM;ksa Vsyh iQksu fiQYesaq dSejsjsy eksVj gokbZ tgkt vkfn fn;sA vaxzstksa usgh ns'k dh jkt/kuh fnYyh (u;h) clkbZftlesa laln Hkou jk"Vªifr Hkou lqfizedksVZ dukVIysl bfUM;k xsV lqizfl¼,sfrgkfld Hkou cuk;s tequk unh ij yksgsdk iqy cuk;k D;k ,sls iqy ;s fgUnw dsoyviuh cqf¼ ls vkt Hkh cuk ldrs gSaA ugha

vaxzstksa us dsoy u;h fnYyh tks vktns'k dh jkt/kuh gSA gh ugha clkbZ cfYdHkkjr ds gj {ks=k esa fodklds cM+s&cM+s dk;Zfd;sA ns'k esa mUgha dh cMh&cMh f'k{k.klaLFkk;sa Ldwy dkyst ljdkjh vLirkycM+h la[;k esa vkt Hkh dk;e gSaA mUgksauscM+s&cM+s m|ksx LFkkfir fd;s flapkbZ ds fy;sxaxk ugj tSlh dbZ cM+h&cM+h ugjsa [kqnokbZAos gh Hkkjr esa lekpkj i=kksa dks yk;s mUgksausgh cSfdax iz.kkyh dh 'kq:okrdh 1881 esaigyh ckj mUgksaus gh tux.kuk 'kq: dh Fkh

tks vkt Hkh gj nl lky ckn dh tkrh gSAmUgksaus gh Hkkjr esa jsyos ykbZuksa dk tkyfcNk;k Hkkjr ds 90 izfr'kr jsyos LVs'kuvkt Hkh vaxsztksa ds gh cuk;s gq, py jgsgSaA dydÙkk esa gkoMk fczt foDVksfj;kegy (tks rkt egy ls) fdlh rjg Hkhde ugha cu ok;k cM+s&cMs+ egk uxjksa esappZ flusek o eky jksM dEiuh ckxcuok;sA f'keyk elwjh o nktZfyax]MygkSth uSuh rky tSls je.khd 'kgjigkMksa ij clk;sa dkydk ls f'keyk Vk; Vsªuo flyh xqMh ls nktZfyax tkus okyh fo'oizfl¼ NksVh Vsªu pykbZ mUgha ds }kjk ns'k dsgokbZ vM~Ms vkSj dbZ cUnjxkg cuok;s x;sA

fgUnqvksa ds ikl xoZ djus ds fy;sD;k gS dsoy tkrikr o NqvkNwr iQSykusokys czkÞe.kksa dks Js"V crkus okys] HkksyhHkkyh turk dk /kfeZd 'kks"k.k djus okysywV [klksV ds vM~Ms] fgUnw eafnj] vaxsztksadk /kfeZd vlj nfyrksa ij Hkh iM+k lfn;ksads lrk;s gq,s nfyr tc bZlkbZ cus rc mUgsairk pyk fd eku lEeku D;k pht gS izsed:.kk okys ;s lqelhg ds lkeus jkeÑ".kfdrus egRo ghu FksA nfyrksa dks lq[k 'kkafrpkfg;s rks mUgsa fxjtk?kj] cq¼ fogkj] oxq:}kjk tkuk pkfg;s] fgUnw eafnj ughaA

Lo.kZ fgUnw vaxzstksa ds cuk;s f'k{k.klaLFkkuksa esa f'k{kk ikdj vkSj vaxzsth dsekè;e ls mUgha vaxzstksa ds ns'kksa esa ukSdfj;kadjrs gSaA O;kikj Hkh djrs gSa ogka viuh ghNksVh&NksVh Hkkjrh; dkyksfu;ka cktkj vkfncuk fy;s gSaA djksMksa dh la[;k esa tk cls gSaA;s vius lkFk Hkkjr ls czkÞe.kokn vkSjtkr&ikr tSlh ?k`f.kr fopkj /kjk ysdjtkrs gSaA gesa Mj gS fd czkÞe.k oknh tgjdgha lkjs fo'o esa u iQSy tk;sA vUr esa ;gHkh dguk vfr';ksfÙd u gksxk fd mUgksausgesa dksV iSaV iguuk xys esa VkbZ cka/uk]vaxzsth cky dVk dj LekVZ cu dj jgukfl[kk;k] vfrfFk;ksa dk Lokxr pk; ls djukHkh os gesa fl[kk x;sA ojuk rks ge vkt Hkhvkfne ;qx esa th jgs gksrsA

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Hkkjr ds lokZaxh.k fodkl vkSj jk"Vªh;iqu#RFkku ds fy, lcls vf/d egÙoiw.kZfo"k; fganw lekt dk lq/kj ,oavkRe&mènkj gSA fganw /eZ ekuo fodklvkSj bZ'oj dh çkfIr dh f'k{kk dk lzksr gSAbldk n'kZu xw<+ gS rFkk blds flènkarksa dhçklafxdrk 'kk'or ,oa lkoZns'kh; gSAbldh foy{k.k fo'ks"krk dêðj /eZ flènkardk vHkko gS_ fdlh ,d ij vafre lR;dh eqgj yxk, fcuk lHkh :iksa esa lR; dksLohdkj djus] xzg.k djus dh rRijrk]'kqèn o ifo=k thou thdj ekuo&fodklds mPprj lksiku ij igq¡pus dhvko';drk ij cy fn;k x;k gSA blesacqfènthoh] oSpkfjd vkSj nk'kZfud fo"k;ksads ekeyksa esa fopkjksa vkSj vfHkO;fÙkQ dhLora=krk csesy gSA ;gk¡ rd fd bZ'oj dkvfLrRo u ekuus okys pkokZd dk Hkh'½f"k' ds :i esa vknj fd;k tkrk gS]D;ksafd muds ikl Hkh Kku FkkA pw¡fd fganw/eZ esa leLr tM+&psru esa bZ'oj dksns•us dk mins'k fn;k tkrk gS] blfy, fganw

/eZ dh fopkj/kjk esa euq";ksa dh lekurkdh vo/kj.kk varxZqafiQr gSA Hkxon~xhrk esabl fopkj ij tksj fn;k x;k gS fd O;fÙkQdh egkurk mlds deZ ls lqfuf'pr gksrhgS] u fd tUe lsAblds ckotwn vusd,sfrgkfld dkj.kksa ls fganw lekt esa dqNudkjkRed] ßkldkjh rÙo rFkk ,slhcqjkb;k¡ vk xbZ gSa] ftudk leFkZu ughafd;k tk ldrkA vkSj bu dfe;ksa ij vHkhiwjh rjg dkcw ugha ik;k tk ldk gSAtkfrxr Å¡p&uhp dh vo/kj.kk] fo'ks"kr%dqN tkfr;ksa dks vNwr le>us dh vknr]lcls cM+k nks"k jgk gSA vusd :iksa esavU;k; tks çk;% efgykvksa ds çfr fd;ktkrk gS] vU; deh gSA bls cjnk'r ughafd;k tk ldrk ;k fdlh Hkh vk/kj ij blsU;k;ksfpr ugha Bgjk;k tk ldrkA bllsHkkjrh; lafo/ku ds vkn'kks± dk mYya?kugksrk gSA ;g vusd lglzkfCn;ksa ls fganw /eZds thou dk ekxZn'kZu djusokysvkè;kfRed flènkarksa ds Hkh çfrdwy gSA tcrd vius Hkhrj fo|eku cqjkb;ksa ls la?k"kZugha fd;k tkrk] rc rd fganw lekt iqu%thou 'kfÙkQ çkIr ugha dj ldrk ;k

iw.kZ:is.k çxfr ugha dj ldrkA ''lc tkfr egku] lc tkfr leku;gk¡ nks fcanqvksa ij cy nsus dh t:jr

gSA igyk] fganw lekt us vius ewyHkwrflènkarksa dk iqu% irk yxkdj rFkk ekuorkds vU; ?kVdksa ls lh•dj le;≤ ijvkRe&lq/kj dh bPNk ,oa {kerk n'kkZbZ gSAnwljs] Lora=krk vkanksyu ds le; rFkkijorhZ n'kdksa esa okLro esa bl fn'kk esaçxfr gqbZ gSA bldk Js; vk/qfud dky dslarksa ,oa lekt&lq/kjdksa dks tkrk gS]tSlsLokeh foosdkuan] Lokeh n;kuan] jktkjkeeksgu jk;] egkRek T;ksfrck iQqys ,oamudh iRuh lkfo=kh ckbZ iQqys] ukjk;.k xq#rFkk egkRek xka/h vkSj MkW- ckcklkgscvacsMdjA bl lanHkZ esa eSa fo'ks"k :i lsjk"Vªh; Lo;alsod la?k rFkk blls çsfjrvusd laxBuksa ds dk;ks± dh ljkguk djrkgw¡A bu lHkh us fganw ,drk ,oa fganw lektds iqu#RFkku ds fy, vius mís'; esalkekftd lekurk ij cy fn;kA la?k dsrhljs ljla?kpkyd ckyklkgc nsojlvdlj dgrs Fks] ';fn vLi`';rk iki ughagS rks bl fo'o esa vU; nwljk dksbZ iki gks

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,d yksdrkaf=kd Lo:i dh ljdkj ,d yksdrkaf=kd Lo:i ds lekt dhvis{kk j•rh gSA yksdra=k ds vkSipkfjd <kaps dk dksbZ egRo ugha gS vkSjlkekftd yksdra=k ds vHkko esa ;g okLro esa gh vuqi;qÙkQ gks tk,xkA¸

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lkekftd U;k;

gh ugha ldrkA lkekftd lekurk dh fn'kkesa bl çxfr dks vkSj vf/d c<+kok feyukpkfg,A vkj{k.k dh uhfr ds lkFk lHkhLrjksa ij lÙkk dh lajpuk esa çfrfuf/Ro dksçksRlkgu nsuokyh pqukoh jktuhfr ls gekjslekt ds foiUu oxks± ds lkekftd]vkfFkZd ,oa jktuhfrd l'kÙkQhdj.k dksdkiQh c<+kok feyk gSA ;g ekSu lkekftdØkafr gS rFkk gekjh yksdrkaf=kd O;oLFkkbldh vxznwr gSA bls vkSj lqn`<+ cukus dhvko';drk gSA

pw¡fd vkt ds fo'o esa xq.koÙkkiw.kZf'k{kk lkekftd o vkfFkZd çxfr dh dqathcu xbZ gS] vr% vkusokys o"kks± esa Hkkjr esavuqlwfpr tkfr] vuqlwfpr tutkfr rFkkfiNM+s oxks± ,oa lekt ds vU; detksj oxks±ds vkSj vf/d 'kSf{kd o vkfFkZdl'kÙkQhdj.k dks ç/kurk nh tk,A tkfr;k¡lkekftd igpku dh lwpd Hkys gh gksa]ysfdu tkfrokn dks Hkkoh Hkkjr dh tM+ksa lsgh feVk nsuk gksxkA bl lanHkZ esa vkusokysle; esa bl ukjs dks yksdfç; cukus dhvko';drk gS'lc tkfr egkU] lc tkfrlekuA

,d egku lkekftd ØkafrdkjhMkW0 Hkhejko vEcsMdj dks Jènktafy

vkt vEcsMdj t;Urh gSA eSa MkW0vEcsMdj dh t;Urh ij muds tUe LFkkuij vkdj vius dks /U; ekurk gwaA

Hkkjr esa fdlh egku vkRek dsegkfuokZ.k vFkok mudh tUeHkwfe dh ,difo=k LFkku ds :i esa ;k=kk djus dh gekjh,d çkphu vkSj Jènke;h ijEijk jgh gSAHkkjr esa rhu LFkku ,sls gSa tks bl egkekuods thou ls tqM+dj ifo=k cu x;s gSaA buesaigyk egw gS tks MkW0 vEcsMdj dhtUeLFkyh gSA nwljk ukxiqj esa nh{kk Hkwfe gStgka MkW0 vEcsMdj us vius gtkjksavuq;kf;;ksa ds lkFk ckSèn/eZ dks viuk;kArhljk eqEcbZ esa nknj chp ij pkSR; Hkwfe gStgka mudh lekf/ cukbZ xbZ gSA

esjs vuqlkj] lHkh rhuksaLFkku&tUeHkwfe] nh{kkHkwfe vkSjpkSR;Hkwfe&rhFkZ LFkkuksa ds :i esa ekus tkus

ds ;ksX; gSAbu rhuksa LFkkuksa esa egw dks mrukjk"Vªh; ,oa vUrjkZ"Vªh; egRo ugha feyk gSftruk fd vU; nks LFkkuksa dksA blfy, eSaeè; çns'k ljdkj vkSj eq[;ea=kh Jhf'kojkt flag pkSgku dks c/kbZ nsrk gwa fdmUgksaus MkW0 vEcsMdj ds tUe LFkku ijmudh fojklr ekuus ds fy, ,d HkO;Lekjd rS;kj fd;k gSA

MkW0 vEcsMdj us vk/qfud le; esalokZsÙkke mnkgj.k çLrqr fd;k gS fd dksbZHkh O;fÙkQ vius tUe ls ugha cfYd deZ lsegku curk gSA mudk O;fÙkQRo vikjfoènrk vkSj mlh rjg] fo'kky lkekftdlfØ;rk dk ,d feJ.k FkkA okLro esa]gjsd tekus esa egku lekt lq/kjdksa dkthou fdl rjg dk jgk gS \ ;fn geegkiq#"kksa ds thou dk vè;;u djsa rks geiks;axs fd os fofHkUu fopkj/kjkvksa ds yksxFksA ysfdu muesa tks ,d ckr lkekU; Fkh]og Fkh&muds eu esa ekuork ds çfr xgjkyxko vkSj ijokg rFkk dfri; lkjHkkSfedvkSj 'kk'or ewY;ksa ds fy, mudk leFkZuAçR;sd ½f"k vkSj egkRek us lekt dkiFk&çn'kZu fd;kA

MkW0 vEcsMdj us Hkh lekt ds lHkhyksxksa ds fy, lekurk] lEeku vkSj U;k;ds fy, lkgliwoZd la?k"kZ djds ogh dk;Zfd;kA eSa ;gka MkW0 vEcsMdj }kjk O;ÙkQfd, x;s ,d çkjafHkd fopkj dk mYys•djuk pkgwaxkA

¶,d yksdrkaf=kd Lo:i dh ljdkj,d yksdrkaf=kd Lo:i ds lekt dhvis{kk j•rh gSA yksdra=k ds vkSipkfjd<kaps dk dksbZ egRo ugha gS vkSj lkekftdyksdra=k ds vHkko esa ;g okLro esa ghvuqi;qÙkQ gks tk,xkA¸

MkW0 vEcsMdj us Hkh Bhd gh dgk Fkkfd lkekftd vkSj vkfFkZd Lora=krk dscxSj jktuhfrd Lora=krk v/wjh gSA blfy,]mUgksaus vaxzsth 'kklu ls jktuhfrd Lora=krkgkfly djus ds fy, Hkkjr ds la?k"kZ esanfyr ,oa misf{kr oxks± dh lkekftdvktknh ds egRoiw.kZ vk;ke dks tksM+kA

egkRek xka/h us Hkh vius futh

ifjçs{; ls ogh fd;kA tks yksx xka/h th dksMkW0 vEcsMdj ds eqdkcys •M+s djus dhdksf'k'k djrs gSa os bu nksuksa egkiq#"kksa dhLe`fr;ksa dks gkfu igqapk jgs gSA

,d fofHkUu ifjç{; ls] jk"Vªh;Lo;alsod la?k Hkh gekjs lekt esavLi';rk vkSj tkrh; HksnHkko dh cqjkbZ dkslekIr djus dh fn'kk esa blh ç;kl esa;ksxnku ns jgk gSA LoxhZ; ckyk lkgsc nsojlus ,d ckj dgk Fkk '';fn vLi`';rk dksbZcqjkbZ ugha gS rks lalkj esa dqN Hkh cqjk ughagSA''

tc rd bl cqjkbZ dks lekIr djusdk y{; iwjk ugha dj fy;k tkrk] rc rdlkekftd lekurk vkSj lkekftd U;k; dk;g fe'ku fu"Bk vkSj mRlkg ds lkFk tkjhjguk pkfg,A ,slk djrs le; gesalkekftd lejlrk dh t:jr dksutjvankt ugha djuk pkfg,A

Hkksiky ?kks"k.kki=k] ftls eè; çns'k dhiwoZ dkaxzsl ljdkj us o"kZ 2002 esa tkjhfd;k Fkk] okLro esa ,d ,slk nLrkost Fkkftlesa lkekftd U;k; ds uke ij lekt esafoHkktu vkSj vlkeatL; dks c<+kok fn;kgSA okLro esa] ;g ,d fgUnw&fojks/hnLrkost Fkk D;ksafd blesa fgUnwokn dsf•ykiQ i{kikr dk •qydj çpkj fd;kx;kA tgka rd Hkkjrh; turk ikVhZ dklEcU/ gS] ge vkil esa tqM+s bu rhuksavkn'kks± ds çfr leku :i ls çfrcèn gSa&lerk] lkekftd U;k; vkSj lkekftdlejlrkA

okLro esa] lerk;qÙkQ vkSj 'kks"k.keqÙkQlekt dh lajpuk Hkkjrh; turk ikVhZ dsikap ewyHkwr flènkarksa esa ls ,d gSA

fe=kks] gesa bl ckr dks ekuuk gksxk fdbl ifo=k mís'; dks çkIr djus gsrq la?k"kZds fy, lrr~ vkSj cgqeq•h ç;klksa dht:jr gSA

Hkkjr ds lafo/ku ftlds çeq• ys•dMkW0 vEcsMdj Fks] esa vusd egRoiw.kZekxZn'kZd flènkUrksa vkSj vusd mnkjoknhmica/ksa dk mYys• gSA budh bZekunkjh lsvuqikyuk dh tkuh pkfg,A

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Hkkjrh; thou chek fuxeLife Insurance Corporation of India

Branch off:11-P, 29/30,Anuvrat Tower,wazirpur Community Centre, Delhi-110052

Residence: B-169, Gali NO-08, (20 Futta Road) Meet Nagar, Wazirabad Road, Delhi-110094

lHkh izdkj ds chek djkus ,oa vU; lgk;rk gsrq gels laidZ vo'; djasA

(Insurance Consultant)

blfy,] ldkjkRed dkjZokbZ ds ,slslHkh mik;ksa dk Lokxr fd;k tkuk pkfg,ftudk mís'; lekt ds mu oxks± dkslkekftd] vkfFkZd vkSj 'kS{kf.kd rkSj ijvf/dkj&lEiUu cukuk gS] tks ,sfrgkflddkj.kksa ls fiNM+s jg x;s gSaA blh otg ls]Hkkjrh; turk ikVhZ us dsUæh; 'kS{kf.kdlaLFkkvksa esa vU; fiNM+s oxks± ds fy, 27çfr'kr dksVk vkjf{kr djus ds ckjs esalokZsPp U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; dk Lokxrfd;k gSA

rFkkfi] ;g ns•uk Hkh egRoiw.kZ gS fd;s mik; dsoy vkaf'kd gSa] ysfdu t:jh gSavkSj ,d lerkoknh vkSj U;k;ksfpr lektds y{; dks çkIr djus dh vksj ,d mfprdne gSA

lkekftd] vkfFkZd vkSj çkFkfedf'k{kk ds {ks=k esa cgqr T;knk ç;kl djus dht:jr gS ftlls mu oafpr rcdksa dsdjksM+ksa yksxksa dks xjhch vkSj fiNM+siu ds'kki ls eqÙkQ djk ldsaA

lekftd {ks=k esa] gesa tkfr vk/kfjrHksnHkko ls yM+us ds fy, fuLladksp vkSjvFkd la?k"kZ djuk pkfg,A MkW0 vEcsMdjds lekftd yksdra=k ds n'kZu dks vkxsc<+kus ds fy, gesa ;g ukjk yksdfç; cukukpkfg, vkSj mls O;ogkj esa Hkh ykuk pkfg,% 'lc tkfr leku] lc tkfr egkU'A

vkfFkZd {ks=k esa gesa iQk;nsean jkstxkjds volj c<+kus gksaxs] Ñf"k vkSj vU;ijEijkxr /a/ksa ftu ij vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa]vuqlwfpr tutkfr;ksa vkSj vU; fiNM+s oxks±ds djksM+ksa yksx vHkh Hkh fuHkZj gSa esa lq/kjvkSj uohuhdj.k djuk gksxkA vkSj lkFk gh]Hkkjr ds fodkl ds egRoiw.kZ {ks=kksa ls tqM+hle`fèn ds u;s volj •ksyus gksaxsA

f'k{kk] lekt ds lHkh oxks± cfYd muyksxksa ds fy, tks fiNM+ x;s gSa dh çxfr dsekxks± dks •ksyus dk ,d lk/kj.k lk mik;gSA blfy, lekt ds lHkh oxks± ds fy,fo'ks"kdj tks fodkl esa fiNM+ x;s gS]mudks ojh;rk nsrs gq, lHkh Lrjksaij&çkFkfed Lrj ls ysdj LukRdksÙkj Lrjrd&xq.kkRed f'k{kk ds voljksa esa Hkkjh

ofèn djus dk le; vk x;k gSA lkekftd]vkfFkZd vkSj 'kS{kf.kd {ks=k ds bu mís';ksadks lq'kklu vkSj vPNh jktuhfr ds cxSjgkfly ugha fd;k tk ldrkA

vkf•jdkj] dkaxzsl ikVhZ us Hkkjr ijikap n'kdksa ls T;knk 'kklu fd;k gSA blvof/ esa vuqlwfpr tkfr] tutkfr;ksa vkSjxjhcksa dh gkyr esa egRoiw.kZ lq/kj D;ksaugha gqvk \

;fn ns'k dk usr`Ro bZekunkj vkSjfu"Bkoku ugha gS_ ;fn ljdkj lgh uhfr;kavkSj dk;ZØe ugha viukrh gS ;fn oge'khujh ftldk dke bu uhfr;ksa vkSjdk;ZØeksa dks ykxw djus dk gS] Hkz"V vkSjtu&fojks/h gS_ vkSj ;fn yksx ljdkj dsdkedkt esa Hkkxhnkjh djus dh bPNk lsçHkkfor ugha gS rks gesa xjhcksa vksj fiNM+soxks± dks fLFkfr esa lq/kj dh T;knk mEehnugha djuh pkfg,A

blfy,] vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa]tutkfr;ksa vkSj lekt ds vU; oxks± dsxjhcksa ds fy, le; vk x;k gS fd os&dsUæesa vkSj jkT;ksa esa&dkaxzsl dks iwjh rjg udkjnsaA

vEcsMdj t;arh ds bl volj ij eSafiQj ls nksgjkrk gwa fd Hkkjrh; turk ikVhZds ikl Hkkjrh; lekt ds fodkl dh,dkRed nf"V gSA okLro esa] gekjh gh ikVhZgS ftlds ikl fodkl dh ,dkRed nf"V gS

ftldh tM+sa gekjs jk"Vªh; ewY;ksa rFkkçxfr'khy jk"Vªh; ijEijkvksa esa gSaA

vkt] vEcsMdj t;arh ds volj ijeSa tksj nsdj dguk pkgrk gwa fd gekjhikVhZ fodkl dh bl ,dkRed nf"V dks iwjhfu"Bk rFkk çfrcènrk ls ykxw djsxhA bldsfy, ;g dne mBk,axs fd %

ge] vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa] tutkfr;ksavkSj vU; fiNM+s oxks± ds vius cU/qvksa dsikl igys dh rqyuk esa T;knk ls T;knkigqapsaxsA

gekjh jkT; ljdkjsa vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa]tutkfr;ksa vkSj vU; fiNM+s oxks± ds vf/dre ykHk ds fy, igys ls vf/duhfr;ksa] ;kstukvksa vkSj dk;ZØeksa dkscuk,xh rFkk ykxw djsxhA

lo.kZ oxks± vkSj etgch vYila[;dksalfgr lekt ds vU; xjhc rFkk t:jreanoxks± dh fpark igys ls vkSj T;knk djsxhA

dkaxzsl ikVhZ ds fudEes 'kklu dsnq%•n fjdkMZ_ /hes rFkk fo"kerk okysfodkl_ vkSj Hkz"Vkpkj] voljokn rFkkrq"Vhdj.k dh jktuhfr ds pyrs ;g t:jhgks x;k gS fd lq'kklu vkSj vPNh jktuhfrij igys ls T;knk è;ku fn;k tk,A vkSjHkkjrh; turk ikVhZ bls djsxhA

&14 vçSy 2008 dks vEcsMdj t;arh dsvolj ij egw (eè;çns'k) esa vk;ksftr lekjksg

esa Jh ykyÑ".k vkMok.kh ds Hkk"k.k ls A

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xt+y

irk%& bZ&3@,&100 'kkyhekj xkMZu] foLrkj&2 (lkfgckckn) ] xkft;kckn (m-ç-) & 201005 bZ&esy % tejpaltej@gmail-com] iQksu % 9911414511

rstiky flag ^rst* dh pkj xtysa

rstiky flag ^rst*

��fgUnh vdkneh] fnYyh dk ¶ cky lkfgR; iqjLdkj¸ (o"kZ 1995&1996)A��fgUnh vdkneh] fnYyh dk ¶lkfgR;dkj lEeku¸ (o"kZ 2006&2007)A��lkfgfR;d o lkekftd laLFkkvksa }kjk vusd ukxfjd ,oa lkfgfR;d lEekuA

fcUnh] fVdqyh] lsgjk ns•]flj ij vk¡py iQgjk ns•A

pkS•V&pkS•V ij gS ysfdu]•keks'kh dk igjk ns•A

dHkh vkbus esa rw Hkh rks]viuk mtM+k psgjk ns•A

lgjk&lgjk ?kuh vkaf/;ka]vk¡xu&vk¡xu lgjk ns•A

^rst* rw viuh vk¡•ksa esa Hkh ]rY• leanj Bgjk ns•A

ifjorZu dh vkM+ esa ;kjks ?kksM+h p<+h 'kjkc]ubZ laH;rk ds vk¡xu esa tedj mM+h 'kjkcA

iSls okyks ls gS bldk fj'rk cgqr iqjkuk]Fkke dVksjk fu/Zurk ds nj ij •M+h 'kjkcA

D;k iwjc&if'pe ns•ks D;k mÙkj&nfD•u]pgwfn'kk esa ik;y cka/s cuBu •M+h 'kjkcA

ysdj •kyh I;kyk&I;kyh FkksM+k lk uedhu]cpiu dks cksry esa Hkjdj vkSa/h iM+h 'kjkcA

vk¡• cka/dj laln lksbZ turk HkbZ v/hj]^rst* fgeky; lh Nkrh ij rudj •M+h 'kjkcA

nsf•, dgha Hkwfe ij vEcj rks ugha gS]cjlkr esa tyrk fdlh dk ?kj rks ugha gSA

gSa >wedj vkus yxha BaMh gok,a ckjgk]i* cLrh ds vklikl leUnj rks ugha gSA

ckxcka us dj fn;k •qn gh peu dk •wu]gkFk esa mlds exj •atj rks ugha gSA

vYykg Hkh rw gS fejk Hkxoku Hkh rw gS]dqN gks u gks ekfyd fejk iRFkj rks ugha gSA

gkFk ij ljlksa mxkdj ^rst* ;wa dgus yxk]de ls de vc ns'k esa catj rks ugha gSA

vkt ugha rks dy] eSa p'esrj esa jgw¡xk]u lksfp, fd eSa lnk fcLrj esa jgw¡xkA

va/sjs vk, rks ysfdu] Nwdj xqtj x,]vc gjuiQl eSa /wi ds nÝrj esa jgw¡xkA

,dyk pyus dh dld •wc gS ysfdu]gS eu fejk fd vcdh eSa y'dj esa jgw¡xkA

thLr us] u ekSr us viuk fd;k eq>s]tkfgj gS vc eSa nhn&,& fnycj esa jgw¡xkA

eSa fd fc•j tkmaxk] bruk Hkh ugha VwVk]NksM+dj /jrh eSa vc vEcj esa jgw¡xkA

cs/M+d U;wt

] vDVwcj ] 2013

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dfork

MkW- dqlqe fo;ksxh (lkfgR;kyadkj)

irk%& 1@4334&,] fl¼kFkZ lnu] jkeuxj] foLrkj] MkW-vEcsMdj ekxZ (yksuh jksM)] 'kkgnjk&fnYyh&110032] eksckbZy&09911409360

'krkfCn;k¡ xqtj xbZa]

o.kZ ,oa tkfr&foHksnh

iqjkru]

'kkL+=k ,oa laLÑfr viukdj!

exj] >ksifM+;ksa ds }kj]

u vk ldh Lok/hurk dh ,d fdjuA

Lok/hurk dk] lwjt rk mxkA

exj] egyksa rd] lhfer&fldqM+ dj jg x;k!

vFkkZr]pUn eqfêò;ksa esa] dSn gksdj jg x;kA

vkSj]

>ksifM+;k¡ !

va/sjs esa my>&fleV dj jg x;hA

,d Lok/hurk dk LkkaLÑfrd lwjt mxkA

14 vDVwcj 1956 dks]

ukxiqj dh] ikou nh{kk&Hkwfe esa!

djus dks mft;kjk]

mu oafpr >ksifM+;ksa esa!

ftldh]

lerk U;k;&ca/qrk dh fdjus]

dj jgha gSa vkyksfdrA

fo'o dks]

vkSj xyus yxh gSA

o.kZ ,oa tkfr&foHksnh]

lkaLÑfrd vkSj /kfeZd]

iksaxk¡&iafMrksa dh lM+h xyh ekU;rk,asA

lk¡LÑfrd ,oa /kfeZd

iquq:RFkku dh yStj fdjuksa ls !

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cs/M+d U;wt

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wcj] 2

013

vkt dh f'k{kk iz.kkyh vHkh Hkh og gS] ftldh cqfu;kn ykMZeSdkys us ,d Lis'ky oxZ ds fy;s Mkyh FkhA gkykafd vktknh ds cknls vc rd f'k{kk uhfr;ksa ds vfrfjDr fdruh gh lfefr;k¡ vkSj f'k{kkvk;ksx O;kolkf;d f'k{kk ds lqèkkj gsrq viuh fjiksVZ ns pqds gSa ftulsdk;Z ;kstuk dks ns'k dh vko';d ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds vuqdwy liQyrkHkh feyh gS]ijUrq O;kolkf;d f'k{kk iwjh rjg O;kogkfjd ugha cu ikjgh gS vkt Hkh Ldwy dkfyt dsoy fdrkch Kku rd lhfer gksx, gSaA vkt pkjksa vksj lkekU; f'k{k.k LkaLFkkuksa dh Hkjekj gSA ifCydLdwyksa dh rks ck<+ lh vk;h gSA gkyr ;g gS fd pijklh] vfèkdfkj;ksarFkk usrkvksa rd ds cPps mu Ldwyksa esa izos'k ds fy, èkDds [kk jgsgSa tgkWa if'peh ns'kksa dh Mzsl RkFkk vxzsth Hkk"kk ds fcuk izos'k ughfeyrkA ,sls esa fgUnh ekè;e ls vFkok Hkkjrh; LFkkuh; Hkk"kkvksa dsekè;e ls O;kolkf;d f'k{kk iznku djuk cgqr cMh pqukSrh gSA

f'k{kk dks O;kolk;ijd gksuk pkfg,A ftl O;fDr dks thou esaO;kolkf;d #i esa tks is'kk viukuk gS] mldk mls izkjEHk ls ghizf'k{k.k fn;k tkuk ,d cMh pqukSrh gS A ekè;fed rFkk mPp f'k{kkesa Nkrzksa dh O;kolkf;d dq'kyrk] vfHk:fp rFkk {kerkvksa dksigpkudj fdlh O;olk; ds fy, rS;kj djuk O;kolkf;d f'k{kk dhlcls cMh pqukSrh gS A ns'k dh ,drk] ewY;ksa o vfHk:fp;ksa ds izfryxko] èkeZfujis{krk] oSKkfud rFkk uSfrd ewY;ksa dk vuqikyu djusesa Hkh O;kolkf;d f'k{kk vusd pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk djuk iM jgkgS A viuh feyh tqyh laLdzfr dh fojklr rFkk vktkn Hkkjr dhmiyfC?k;ksa dks tkuus ds lkFk&lkFk Jelkè; rFkk lkekftdHkkxhnkjh ds fy;s ;qok ih<h dh izfrCknèkrk ij tksj nsus rFkk è;kunsus ds izfr O;kolkf;d f'k{kk ds ;qx es vfèkd tkx:drk dhvko';drk pqukSfr;ksa ds :Ik esa ifjyf{kr gksrh gSA blds vykokewY;kadu izfd;k rFkk ijh{kk esa lqèkkj lEcaèkh O;kolkf;d izf'k{k.kdh xquoRrk lEcaèkh rduhdh vkSj izcaèku f'k{kk ds chp leUo;lEcaèkh vusd pquSfr;kWa ifjyf{kr gksrh gaSA

vf[ky Hkkjrh; rduhdh f'k{kk ifj"kn dks fofèkd vfèkdkjiznku fd;s tk;s rkfd O;kolkf;d f'k{kk dk fu;kstu O;kolkf;df'k{kk ds Lrjksa rFkk eku n.Mksa dks fujèkkj.k vkSj vuqj{k.k izR;kiu]izkFkfedrk izkIr {ks=kksa ds fy, èku dh O;oLFkk] vuqJo.k vkSj

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eqY;kadu] izek.ku rFkk iqjLdkjkas dh led{krk dk fuoZgu] rduhdhRkFkk izcUèk f'k{kk ds chp leUo; lEcUèkh vkfn dh pqukSfRk;kaO;kolkf;d f'k{kk ds ekxZ ls nwj gks ldsaA

dksBkjh deh'ku] csfld f'k{kk iz.kkyh] ;kstuk iz.kkyh] vkpk;ZujsUnz nso desVh (1952) eqnkfy;j deh'ku 1952]gVksZx desVh(1929)]1937 dk vfèkfu;e rFkk oqM desVh] lktZUV fjiksVZ 1944vkfn us O;kolkf;d f'k{kk dks c<kok nsus ij cy fn;k gS rFkk budhpqukSfr;ksa ds fy, ladsr fd;k gSA

jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr 1986 ds 5&17 ds vuqlkj O;olkf;d f'k{kkesa f'k{kk dh fof'k"V èkkjk gksxh] ftldk mn~ns'; dbZ {ks=kksa ls pqus x,dke èkUèkksa ds fy, fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks rS;kj djuk gksxkA ls O;olkf;dikB~;Øe lekU;rk;k% lsdsUMjh f'k{kk ds ckn fn;s tk;sxsa ysfdu bl;kstuk dks yphyk j[kk tk;sxk rkfd vkBoha d{kk ds ckn Hkhfo|kfFkZ;ksa ,sls dkslZ dk pquko dj ldsaA vkS|ksfxd izf'k{k.k laLFkkudh cM+h O;olkf;d f'k{kk ds <kWaps ds vuqlkj pysxsa rkfd buesa izkIrlqfoèkkvksa dk iw.kZ ykHk mBk;k tk ldsA

O;kolkf;d f'k{kk dks ,d fHkUu èkkjk Hkh gksxh ftldk mn~ns';Nk=kksa dks fofHkUu dk;Zdykiksa ls tqM+s gq, fuèkkZjr O;olk;ksa ds fy,rS;kj djuk gSA bl ubZ fo|k dks Hkh bruk yphyk cuk fn;k tkukpkfg, rkfd ekè;fed Lrj ls igys Hkh fo|kFkhZ vkBoha d{kk mÙkh.kZgksus ds ckn bu O;kolkf;d dk;Zdykiksa esa tqM+ ldsaA

O;kolkf;d f'k{kk dh ,dcM+h pqukSrh ;g Hkh gS fd ekè;fedLrj fo|kfFkZ;ksa rFkk mPprj ekè;fed Lrj ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh la[;kdk Øe'k% 40 izfr'kr rFkk 50 izfr'kr Hkkx O;olkf;d ikB~;Øeksaesa yxk;k tk;sA fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa mudh {kerk] :fp] vfHk:fp] ;ksX;rkrFkk vfFko`fÙk ds vkèkkj ij fdlh O;olkf;d ikB~;Øe ds fodYidks pquus dk volj iznku fd;k tk;sA orZeku f'k{kk iz.kkyh esafo|kfFkZ;ksa rFkk f'k{kdksa ds vuqikr esa vk;k vlUrqyu O;olkf;df'k{kk esa Nk=kksa dh la[;k dks c<+kus esa vfèkd xEHkhjrk :Ik èkkj.kdj ysrk gSA f'k{kdksa rFkk fo|ky; iz'kklu ds lkeus ;g ,d cM+hpqukSrh ds :Ik esa ns[kus dks feyrk gSA

O;kolkf;d f'k{kk }kjk f'k{kk dk O;olk;hdj.k gksukldkjkRed gS] ijUrq f'k{kk ds O;olk;hdj.k ds vkèkkj ijO;kolkf;d f'k{kk iznku djuk lhfer la[;k vFkok vkfFkZd :Ik lslEiUu fo|kfFkZ;ksa rd lhfer gks tkrh gSA ,slh fLfkfr esa O;kolkf;df'k{kk }kjk f'k{kk ds {ks=k esa lekurk vkSj lekftd U;k; lqfuf'prdjus dh ubZ pqukSrh lkeus vkrh gSA

vr% ;g cgqr vko';d gS fd f'k{kk ds izR;sd Lrj ij fo'ks"k:Ik ls foKkiu] O;kolkf;d] rduhdh vkSj okf.kfT;d f'k{kk tsls{ks=kksa esa ftlesa yM+fd;ksa dk izfrfufèkRo cgqr de gS] mudh Hkkxhnkjhc<+kbZ tk;sA efgykvksa esa lekurk] lkekftd dq'kyrk rFkkO;kolkf;d f'k{kk dks izksRlkfgr djus ds fy, lEiw.kZ f'k{kk ra=k dksu;k :Ik fn;k tkuk pkfg,A lEiw.kZ f'k{kk ra=k esa bruk ifjorZu djnsuk Hkh O;kolkf;d f'k{kk dh ,d pqukSrh gSA

ys[kd jk0m0ek0ck0 fo|ky;] fnYyh esa f'k{kd gSaA

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] vDVwcj ] 2013

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/Ee dk i;kZ;okph 'kCn gS izR;;leqRiknA cq¼ us rksizR;;leqRikn dks gh /Ee dgk gS] ftldh ckjgdM+h gS] rhu ds fo"k; eas igys gh crk;k tk pqdkgS] vc pkSFkh dMh] ;kuh uke* o :i* d fo"k;esa tkudkjhA nks 'kCn gS uke vkSj :i] nksuksa ghfeydj iqutZUe dks fl¼ djrs gS] ,d gS rks nwljsds gksus dk dksbZ eryc gS] ;fn ,d ugha gS rks nwljkHkh fujFkZd gS] Hkys gh bldk oktwn gks] ysfdu blesalfØ;rk dk xqq.k ugha gksxkA lfØ;rk rks uke vkSj:i ds la;kstu ls gh vk,xhA

bu nks 'kCn esa igys uke dk vFkZ tku ys] ukeD;k gS\ uke ,slh vn`'; pht+ gS tks 'kjhj dkslfØ; djrh gS] 'kjhj ds lkFk mRiUu gksrh gS vkSj'kjhj ds lkFk gh foyqIr gks tkrh gSA tSls vkx rcrd tyrh gS tc rd ydMh esa tyus ds fy, dqNjgrk gS] tc ydM+h dks;yk gks tkrh gS rks vkx HkhfoyqIr gks tkrh gSA 'kjhj ls i`Fkd bldk dksbZvfLrRo ugha gksrk gSA uke vkRek ugha gSA dy rduke dks le>kuk eqf'dy dke Fkk ysfdu dEI;wVjvk tkus ls vc uke dh F;ksjh le>kbZ tk ldrh gSA;fn vki ;g tkurs gSa fd dEI;wVj dk erycgkMZos;j vkSj lkWÝVos;j dk la;kstu gSA lkWÝVos;j dsfcuk gkMZos;j dke ugha djrk gSA dEI;wVj rc rd,d futhZo pht+ gS tc rd mlesa lkWÝVos;j dkslaLFkkfir ugha fd;k tkrk gSA lkWÝVos;j] gkMZos;jdh laosnuk gS vkSj lapkyd pht+ gSA uke Hkh 'kjhjdh laosnuk vkSj lapkyd gSA dqN yksxksa us bls vkRekdk uke fn;k gS ysfdu bldk vkRek ls dqN Hkh ysuknsuk ugha gSA

uke ;fn 'kjhj dk lkWÝos;j gS rks :i gkMZos;jgSA :i dk eryc gksrk gS LFkwy 'kjhjA uke dkslaLFkkfir gksus ds fy, ,d pht+ pkfg, vkSj ogpht+ gS LFkwy 'kjhjA fcuk uke* ds 'kjhj futhZo gSAmlesa thou dh xfr ugha gks ldrh gSA

Hkxoku cq¼ us tks vfUkR; dk mins'k fn;k fdlaLkkj dh dksbZ Hkh pht+ vfuR; gSA dksbZ ,slh ,dpht+ ugha ftlesa izfr{k.k vFkok izfriy ifjorZu ugks jgk gksA {k.k&{k.k thou ifjorZu'khy gS rks ukevkSj :i Hkh ifjorZu'khy gSaA izfr{k.k uke eR;q dksizkIr gksrk gS vkSj izfr{k.k og u;k tUe ikrk gSA{k.k&{k.k tUe ysus okyk vkSj eR;q dks izkIr gksusokyk uke* 'kk'or dSls gks ldrk gS\ tUe ysuk,d Üka[kyk gS] tSls dksbZ yach pSu gksrh gS] ftlesadfM;ka gksrh gSA ,d dMh tgka [kRe gksrh gS] Bhdmlls igys ,d ubZ dMh dh 'kq#vkr gksrh gSA,d dh lhek tgka [kRe gksrh gS mlls igys ghnwljs dh lhek 'kq: gks tkrh gSA ,d dk tgka 'kfDrlzksr lw[kus yxrk gS rks nwljs vxys Øe dk] 'kfDrlzksr Bhd mlls igys cqycqykus yxrk gSA ,d eR;qdks izkIr gqvk ugha fd mlls igys gh mlds ?kjf'k'kq dk tUe gks tkrk gSA ;g vfuR;rk dsoy ukeds gh lkFk ugha gS cfYd 'kjhj ds Hkh lkFk gSA mlle; tc 'kjhj f'k'kq Fkk] mldk var gq, fcuk f'k'kqdgk tkus okyk 'kjhj ckyd esa dSls fodklekugksrkA vkSj D;k ;g ,slk ugha gS fd f'k'kq ds iw.kZLoHkko dh eR;q gksus ls igys gh 'kjhj esa ckyd dsy{k.kksa us tUe ys fy;kA vkxs Hkh ;g 'kjhj ckyddh voLFkk ij dgka Bgjus jgus okyk gS] vkidsns[krs gh ns[krs ckyd ls fd'kksj vkSj fd'kksj lstoku rFkk toku ls o¼ euq"; esa cnyrk tkrk gSA

tc rd ,d voLFkk ds y{k.k eR;q dh rjiQ c<saxsugha rc rd thou ds vkaxu esa cpiu dSls fdydkjhekjsxkA

'kjhj ls ckgj Hkh lalkj ,d thou gS] ogkaHkh rks ,d ejrk ugha fd nwljs dk tUe gks tkrk gSAfVdk gqvk rks dqN Hkh ugha jgrk gSA ,d vke dsxqByh esa vusd vkeksa dk laHkkfor tUe gksrk gSA dksbZ,d vke dk isM+] fcuk iQyksa ds tehu ij [kM+k gS]ysfdu D;k okLro esa] mlesa iQy ugha gSSA D;k dksbZdgsxk fd vke ds isM+ esa dksbZ ,slh izfØ;k ughapy jgh gS ftlesa vke ds iQy fufeZr gks jgs gSaAmlesa ,slh izfØ;k gS tks fujarj ,d voLFkk esafeVrh vkSj ,d voLFkk esa tUe ysrh gqbZ vkxs c<+jgh gSA vkSj ,d le; ,slk vkrk gS fd vn'; blizfØ;k dk iQy ;kuh vke dk iQy gekjs lkeusn';eku gksrk gSA gks&gksdj eR;q vkSj gks&gksdj iqu%tUe gh rks og izfØ;k gS ftlesa lalkj fodkl vkSjfouk'k ls lkFk&lkFk [ksyrk gSA tUe vkSj eR; dschp rnkRE;rk gSA vke ls vke dk iSnk gks tkukvke dk iqutZUe gSA ;g ekU;rk rRoksa ij vk/kfjrgS] dYiuk ij fVdh gqbZ ugha gSA rRoksa dh ek=kk vkSjizdkj esa ?kV&c<+ gksuk gh rks fouk'k vkSj fodkl dhtathj gSA tSls ,d tathj vkil esa ,sls tqM+h gqbZ gksfd mldk dksbZ lhjk u gks oSls gh lalkj dk vkfno var [kkstuk eq[kZrk gSA lalkj fujarj pyus okyhfodkl o fouk'k dh ,d Üka`[kyk gSA ftls geizdfr dgrs gSa mls cq¼ us uke* dgk gSA ftls yksxLoHkko dgrs gSa mls cq¼ us uke* dgk gSA os lHkhphts+ tks n';eku gS] fdlh :i esa gS mls gh cq¼ us^:i* dgk gSA tSls euq"; dk 'kjhj (:i) cpiu]tokuh vkSj o¼k voLFkk ls xqtjrs gq, ,d ughajgrk gS] oSls gh euq"; dk uke Hkh cpiu] tokuhvkSj o`¼k voLFkk ls xqtjrs gq, ,d ugha jgrkcfYd lalkj dh lHkh pht+ksa esa ,slk dksbZ {k.k ughagS tc tUe vkSj eR;q dh izfØ;k ugha py jgh gks];gh rks thou dh xfr gSA thou gh xfr'khyrk dkuke gSA tc jhfr&fjoktksa ds uke ij ;g n<+rk vkrhgS fd ;g vifjorZu'khy gS rc thou esa xfr dksudkjk tkrk gSA lR; dks udkjk tkrk gSA pkj vk;ZlR; dks udkjk tkrk gS] ftlls vfo|k mRiUu gkstkrh gS vkSj euq"; nq[kksa ls f?kjrk pyk tkrk gSA tgkatUe vkSj eR;q ds gksus dks udkjk x;k gS] tgka fcuktksM+ tathj dh rjg ds 'kwU; thou pØ dksudkjk x;k gks] ogka nq[k dh mRifÙk gks tkrh gSA

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Hkxoku cq¼ us tks vfUkR; dk mins'kfn;k fd laLkkj dh dksbZ Hkh pht+vfuR; gSA dksbZ ,slh ,d pht+ ughaftlesa izfr{k.k vFkok izfriy ifjorZuu gks jgk gksA {k.k&{k.k thouifjorZu'khy gS rks uke vkSj :i HkhifjorZu'khy gSaA izfr{k.k uke e`R;q dksizkIr gksrk gS vkSj izfr{k.k og u;ktUe ikrk gSA��

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cs/M+d U;wt

] vDV

wcj] 2

013

vktdy esjk è;ku bl loky dhvksj ckj&ckj tkrk gS fd vkt lslkS&ipkl o"kZ ckn Hkkjr dk :i D;k gksusokyk gSA D;k og ,slk Hkkjr gksxk] ftlsdacu] dchj] vdcj] rqylhnkl]foosdkuan vkSj xka/h igpku ldsaxs vFkokcnydj og iwjk&dk&iwjk vejhdk vkSj;wjksi cu tk,sxk\ fiNys lkS&Ms<+ lkS o"kks±ls Hkkjr vk/qfudrk dh vksj c<+rk vk jgkgS] ysfdu le>k ;g tkrk gS fd Hkkjr vcHkh vk/qfud ns'k ugha gS] og eè;dkyhurkls vkPNUu gSA Lora=krk ds ckn ls vk/qfudrk dk ç'u vR;ar ç•j gks mBk gS]D;ksafd fpard ;g ekurs gSa fd geus vxjvk/qfudrk dk oj.k 'kh?kzrk ds lkFk ughafd;k] rks gekjk Hkfo"; va/dkjiw.kZ gkstk;sxkA vr,o ;g ç'u fopkj.kh; gS fdvk/qfud cuus ij Hkkjr dk dkSu&lk :icpus okyk gS vkSj dkSu cfynku esa tk;sxkAuSfrdrk lkSan;Z&cks/ vkSj vè;kRe dsleku vk/qfudrk dksbZ 'kk'or ewY; ughagSA

lp iwfN;s rks og ewY; gS gh ugha] ogdsoy le;&lkis{; /eZ gSA uohu ;qx]le;≤ ij vkrs gh jgrs gS vkSj tSlsvkt ds u;s tekus ij vkt ds yksxksa dksukt gS] mlh rjg gj tekus ds yksx viustekus ij ukt djrs gSA lalkj dk dksbZ Hkhlekt fdlh Hkh le; bruk LokHkkfodugha jgk gS fd og gj vkneh dks ilan gksAvkSj dksbZ lekt ,slk Hkh ugha cuk gS]ftlds ckn dk dky mldk vkykspd ughagqvk gksA oSfnd ;qx Hkkjr dk çk;% lclsvf/d LokHkkfod dky FkkA ;gh dkj.k gSfd vkt rd Hkkjr dk eu ml dky dhvksj ckj&ckj yksHk ls ns•rk gSA

oSfnd vk;Z vius ;qx dks Lo.kZdkydgrs Fks ;k ugha] ;g ge ugha tkurs] fdUrqmudk le; gesa Lo.kZdky ds lekuvo'; fn•k;h nsrk gSaA ysfdu tc ckS¼;qx dk vkjaHk gqvkA oSfnd lekt dh iksy•qyus yxh vkSj fpardksa ds chp mldh

vkykspuk vkjaEHk gks x;hA ckS¼ ;qx vusdn`f"V;ksa ls vkt ds vk/qfudrk&vkUnksyu dsleku FkkA czkã.kksa dh Js"Brk ds fo#¼ cq¼us foæksg dk çpkj fd;k Fkk- tkfr&çFkk dscq¼ fojks/h Fks vkSj euq"; dks os tUeuk ughadeZ.kk Js"B ;k v/e le>rs FksA ukfj;ksa dksfHk{kq.kh gksus dk vf/dkj nsdj mUgksus ;gcrk;k Fkk fd eks{k dsoy iq:"kksa ds ghfufeÙk ugha gS] mldh vf/dkj.kh ukfj;ka Hkhgks ldrh gSaA cq¼ dh ;s lkjh ckrsa Hkkjr dks;kn jgh gSa vkSj cq¼ ds le; ls cjkcj blns'k esa ,sls yksx mRiUu gksrs jgs gSa] tkstkfrçFkk ds fojks/h Fks] tks euq"; dks tUeukugha deZ.kk Js"B ;k v/e le>rs FksA

vkt dh vk/qfudrk ds çlax esa ns•sa]rks cq¼ ds ;q¼&fojks/h fopkj Hkh vk/qfudFksA fdarq cq¼ esa vk/qfudrk ls csesy ckr ;gFkh fd os fuo`froknh FksA x`gLFkh ds deZ lsos fHk{kq&/eZ dks Js"B le>rs FksA mudhçsj.kk ls ns'k ds gtkjksa&yk•ksa ;qod] tksgêðs&dêðs Fks] gy tksrus vkSj xkM+h gkadus ds;ksX; Fks- mRiknu c<+kdj lekt dkHkj.k&iks"k.k djus ds yk;d Fks- laU;klh gksx;s vkSj mudh ;qok ifRu;ka thfor oS/O;dh osnuk ls dgkjus yxhaA laU;kl dh laLFkklekt&fojksf/uh laLFkk gSA galh&galh esa ,dckj Lokeh foosdkuan us Hkh dgk Fkk fdlaU;kl dk ,d cM+k nks"k ;g gS fd og

vPNs yksxksa dks lekt ls vyx dj nsrk gSAfdarq foosdkuan fiQj Hkh vf/d vk/qfudfudys] D;ksafd vius laU;kfl;ksa dks mUgksauslektlsoh cuk fn;kA

foosdkuan ds laU;klh ,d njokts lslalkj ls fudy tkrs gSa] fdarq nwljs njokts lsos lalkj esa gh okil vk tkrs gS% viuhx`gLFkh NksM+dj os lcdh x`gLFkh esa lgk;rkdjrs gSaA fdarq cq¼ dh n`f"V ,sfgd Fkh ghughaA os euq"; dks ;g mins'k nsrs Fks fdthou tyrk gqvk edku gS vkSj cqf¼ekuh dhckr ;g gS fd ge bl vkx ls fudy HkkxsaAthou nq%•iw.kZ gS vkSj lkjs nq%•ksa dh tM+euq"; dk tUe gSA vr,o gesa og jkLrkidM+uk pfg,] ftlls tUe ysuk gh vlaHkogks tk;A l`f"V ds fo"k; esa cq¼ dh n`f"V D;kFkh] bldk Li"Vhdj.k cq¼ us dHkh ughafd;kA bl ij cq¼ dks dbZ ukfLrd vFkoklansgoknh ekurs gSaA xjps vf/d lPpk er;g ekywe gksrk gS fd cq¼ ,xukfLVd Fks]D;ksafd mudk fopkj Fkk fd tks rRoHkkSfrdksÙkj vkSj bafæ;ksa dh igqap ds ikj gSa]mUgsa cqf¼ ugha tku ldrh gSA vkSj mudh;gh ukfLrdrk vkSj lansgokfnrk mUgsa vk/qfud ;qx ds fy, vkd"kZd cuk nsrh gSA

ukfLrd rks pkokZd vkSj c`gLifr Hkh Fks]fdarq pkokZd vkSj c`gLifr Hkkjrh; fopkj/kjk vFkok mlds n`f"Vdks.k dk çfrfuf/Ro

vk/qfudrk vkSj Hkkjr dk /eZfo'ys"k.k

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] vDVwcj ] 2013

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ugha djrsA fdarq cq¼ Hkkjrh; fopkj/kjk dscgqr cM+s çfrfuf/ gSA mudk Hkkjrh; fparuij çHkko gS vkSj Hkkjrh; laLÑfr ds çfrfuf/gksus ds dkj.k gh os fo".kq ds uoe vorkjekus tkrs gSaA xkSre cq¼ çpaM cqf¼oknh FksAos turk dh J}k dk 'kks"k.k djds ml ijviuk er yknuk pkgrs FksA vius f'k";ksa lsHkh mUgksus dgk Fkk] 'vkRenhiks Hko'A rqeviuk nhid vki cuksA rqe esjh dksbZ Hkh ckrblfy, er ekuks fd og esjh dgh gqbZ gSArqEgsa mUgha ckrksa esa fo'okl djuk pkfg,] tksrqEgkjh •qn dh le> esa vkrh gksaA ftu ç'uksadk lek/ku cqf¼ ls ugha gks ldrk vkSjftuds mÙkj ikus ;k u ikus ls vkneh dkdqN curk& fcxM+rk ugha] oSls lHkh ç'uksa dksrFkkxr us vo;kÑr dksfV esa Mky fn;k FkkvkSj muds iwNs tkus dh eukgh dj nh Fkhnh;Zfudk; ds iksêòikn&lqÙk esa cq¼ djrs gS%iks}ikn! yksx fuR; gS] vkSj nwljk er ;g fdyksd fujFkZd gS] bls eSaus vO;kÑr (dFkudk vfo"k;) dgk gSA' iksêòikn ds ;g iwNusij fd fdlfy, Hkars] Hkxoku us blsvO;kÑr dgk gS\ rFkkxr us cryk;k fd'blfy, fd ;s ç'u u rks vFkZ;qÙkQ gSa] u /eZ;qÙkQ] u vkfn czãp;Z ds mi;qÙkQ] u fuoZsn(oSjkX;) ds fy,] u fujks/ ds fy,] umi'ke ds fy,A' vFkkZr bu ç'uksa ds foospuesa iM+us ls euq"; dks dqN Hkh çkIr gksus okykugha gSA

fdarq] cq¼ dk vO;kÑr pkjksa vksj lsfuf'Næ ugha gS] D;ksfd ijyksd dks os ekursFks] nsorkvksa dh ;ksfu esa mudk fo'okl FkkvkSj] xjps vkRek dks os uk'koku le>rs Fks]fdarq vkokxeu ds fl}kar esa mudk vVyfo'okl Fkk vkSj os ekurs Fks fd tks vkRek'kjhj ds lkFk u"V gksrh gS] mlh dk iqutZUeHkh gksrk gSA vr,o tUekarjokn vkSjdeZiQyokn esa mudk iwjk fo'okl Fkk vkSjbl ekeys esa mudk n'kZu ogh Fkk] tks oSfnd/eZ okyksa dk jgk gSA cq¼ ds igys Hkkjr esalaLÑfr dh ,d gh /kjk cgrh Fkh] ftls geoSfnd laLÑfr ds uke ls tkurs gSA fdarq cq¼ds vkfoHkkZo ds ckn ls bl ns'k esa laLÑfrdh nks /kjk,a cgus yxh gSA

igyh /kjk laLÑfr dh og ekR&/kjkgS] tks o.kkZJe&/eZ dk leFkZu djrh gS]tkfr&çFkk dks dk;e j•uk pkgrh gS] 'kwæksadks Åij mBus nsuk ugha pkgrh NqvkNwr esa

fo'okl djrh gSA vkSj vU; /eks± vkSjlaLÑfr;ksa ds çHkko ls cpdj thuk pkgrhgSA nwljh /kjk og gS] tks cq¼ ds deaMyq lsfudyh gSA ;g /kjk c`gr~ ekuork dh /kjkgSA vc rks bl /kjk dk Hkh bZ'oj esa fo'oklgS vkSj og tUekarjokn vkSj deZiQyokn dksmlh n`<+rk ls ekurh gS] ftl n`<+rk ds lkFkoSfnd /eZ mlesa fo'okl djrk gS] fdUrq ;g/kjk o.kkZJe&/eZ ds fo#¼ gS] tkr&ikr dksog ugha ekurh gS] NqvkNwr dks og v/eZle>rh gS] 'kwæks vkSj nfyrksa ds fy, mldsHkhrj •kl i{kikr gS rFkk vU; /eks± vkSjlaLÑfr;ksa ls og }s"k ugha] çse djrh gS]de&ls& de muds çfr og iw.kZ :i lslgu'khy gSA

dksbZ vk'p;Z ugha fd Hkkjr dkfu;kZr&/eZ ckS¼ /eZ fudykA dksbZ vk'p;Zugha fd vkt ds ;qx esa Hkkjr dk lkoZHkkSelRdkj cq¼ dk dkj.k vf/d] fdlh vU;/eZ&usrk ds dkj.k de gSA vkSj dksbZvk'p;Z ugha fd bl ns'k esa /eZ ds tks'kfÙkQ'kkyh Bsdsnkj Fks] mUgksus ckS¼ er dks•nsM+dj ns'k ls ckgj fudky fn;kA fdarqckS¼ dsoy 'kjhj ls gh gkjk gSA eu rksmldk laiw.kZ fganqRo ds Hkhrj vkt Hkh thforvkSj lpsr gSA T;ksa&T;ksa le; chrrk tkrk gSge euq ds i{k esa de] cq¼ ds i{k esa vf/d gksrs tkrs gSa] rqylh dh vksj de] dchjdh vksj vf/d >qdrs tkrs gSaA yxrk gS cq¼us ftu ckrksa ds f•ykiQ foæksg fd;k Fkk] gesaHkh muds fo#¼ vkokt mBkuh pfg,] D;ksafdoSfnd /eZ dh tks ckrsa cq¼ dks ukilan Fkha]os /eZ ds rRo ugha] mlds Åij teh gqbZ:f<+;ksa dh iifM+;ka gS vkSj mUgsa rksM+dj >kM+sfcuk Hkkjr/eZ uohu ugha gksxkA ftldk vFkZ;g gS fd og vius vlyh Lo:i ij ughaigqapsxkA

fdarq vk/qfudrk ds çlax esa LoHkkor%gh ;g ç'u mBrk gS fd rc vlyh HkkjrdkSu gS\ og ftlds 'kkL=kdkj euq vkSjof'k"B nk'kZfud 'kadj jkekuqt vkSjoYyHkkpk;Z rFkk dfo okYehfd] dacu vkSjrqylhnkl gSa\ vFkok og ftlds 'kkL=kdkjLo;a cq¼] nk'kZfud ukxktZqu vkSj olqca/qrFkk dfo fr:oYyqoj] oseUuk vkSj dchjgSa\ ç'u cM+k gh chgM+ gS] ysfdu •Sfj;r ;ggS fd bfrgkl us mls lqy>kdj gekjs fy,vklku dj fn;k gSA fganq&/eZ vc ogha ugha

gS] tks dacu vkSj rqylh vFkok oseUuk vkSjdchj ds le; FkkA ;wjksih; laidZ dk ,dcgqr cM+k 'kqHk ifj.kke ge ;g ekurs gSa fdmlus fganqrRo dks fgydksj dj mlds Hkhrj,d ØkfUr mRiUu dj nh vkSj ml Økafr useuq vkSj cq¼ okyh nksuksa /kjkvksa dks feykdj,d dj fn;k gSA

fganqRo vc ogh ugha gS] tks euq dhLe`fr rFkk fo|kifr ds fuac/ksa esa fy•kfeyrk gSA mldk 'kk'or] fpj&uohu vkSjtkxzr~ :i vc og gS] ftldk vk[;kuijegal jkeÑ".k vkSj Lokeh foosdkuan usfd;k gS] vjfoan vkSj egf"kZ je.k us fd;k gS]xka/h vkSj Lokeh n;kuan us fd;k gSA ;g BhdgS fd foosdkuan vkSj xka/h ds crk;s gq, ekxZij lkjh turk vHkh ugha py jgh gSA fdarq;g Hkh Bhd gS rkfd lekt ds vxz.kh yksx]ftudk vkpj.k ns•dj lekt viukvkpj.k cnyrk gS] iqjkus fganqRo dks NksM+djvfHkuo fganqRo ij vk x;s gSa vkSj tgk¡ lektds vxz.kh yksx vkt igqaps gS] ogk¡ lkjklekt dy igqapdj jgsxkA

fdarq D;k vius lkekftd vkpkj cnynsus ls fganw iw.kZ :i ls vk/qfud gks tks;saxs\Hkkjr ds iw.kZ :i ls vk/qfud gksus esa ck/k,a dkSu&dkSu&lh gS\ vk/qfudrk D;k gSvkSj Hkkjr&/eZ ds fdu ewy rRoksa ls mldkfojks/ iM+rk gS\ D;k iw.kZ :i ls vk/qfudcuus ds ç;kl esa ge Hkkjr&/eZ ds bu ewyrRoksa dk Hkh cfynku djsaxsa\ vxj gka rksjkeeksgujk;] foosdkuan vkSj xka/h ds blLoIu dk D;k cuus okyk gS fd gesa Hkkjrh;ijaijk ds f'ko&va'k dks dk;e j•uk gS] gesaviuh ijaijk ds loZJs"B rRoksa dks ik'pkR;lH;rk ds mu rRoksa ls ,dkdkj djuk gS] tksml lH;rk ds loZJs"B va'k gS\ vkSj dghageus viuh ijaijk dk i{kikr djus ds ç;klesa vk/qfudrk dk iw.kZ :i] ls oj.k ughafd;k] rks blls gekjk vkSj lalkj dk dksbZvdY;k.k rks ugha gksus okyk gS\ lalkj esa tcHkh dksbZ u;k ;qx vkjaHk gksrk gS] og ;q¼ dsdkj.k vkjaHk ugha gksrk] ijkt; ;k fot; dsdkj.k vkjaHk ugha gksrk] Økafr ds dkj.kvkjaHk ugha gksrk] u ns'k dk uD'kk cnyus lsvkjaHk gksrk gSA u;k ;qx cjkcj u;s çdkj dsyksxksa ds tUe ds lkFk mfnr gksrk gSA

oSls ftls ge vk/qfudrk dgrs gSA ogdbZ ckrksa dk ,d lfEefyr uke gSA

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vkS|ksxhdj.k vk/qfudrk dh igpku gSAlk{kjrk dk loZO;kih çlkj vk/qfudrk dhlwpuk nsrk gSA uxj&lH;rk dk çk/kU; vk/qfudrk dk xq.k gSA lh/h&lknh vFkZ&O;oLFkkeè;dkyhurk dk y{k.k gSA vk/qfud ns'kog ns'k gS] ftldh vFkZ&O;oLFkk tfVy vkSjLoHkkor% gh çlj.k'khy gks] tks'Vsd&vkiQ' dh fLFkfr dks ikj dj pqdhgksA can lekt og gS tks vU; lektksa lsçHkko xzg.k ugha djrk% tks vius lnL;ksa dksHkh /u ;k laLÑfr fd nh?kkZ esa Åij mBus dh•wyh NwV ugha nsrk] tks tkfr&çFkk vkSjxks=kokn ls ihfM+r gS] tks va/fo'oklh]xrkuqxfrd vkSj ladh.kZ gSA

can lekt eè;dkyhurk dk lektgksrk gSA vk/qfud lekt esa mUeqÙkQrrk gksrhgS] ml lekt ds yksx vU; lektksa lsfeyus&tqyus esa ugha ?kcjkrs] u os mUufr dkekxZ •kl tkfr;ksa vkSj •kl xkS=kksa ds fy,gh lhfer j•rs gSaA vk/qfud lekt dk ,dy{k.k ;g Hkh gS fd mldh gj vkneh dsihNs gksus okyh vk; vf/d gksrh gS] gjvkneh ds ikl dksbZ /a/k ;k dke gksrk gS]vkSj vodk'k dh f'kdk;r çk;% gj ,d dksjgrh gSA ysfdu ;s vk/qfudrk ds ckgjhy{k.k gSaA ;wjksi vkSj vejhdk dk lekt]lPps vFkks± esa] vk/qfud lekt gS vkSj Åijds y{k.k eSaus ;wjksih; lekt dks gh ns• djfn;s gSaA fdarq m|ksx vkSj jkstxkj] lk{kjrkvkSj Åaph vk;] ;|fi bl lekt ds çeq•y{k.k gS exj ;wjksih; lekt ds os ekSfydxq.k ugha gSA

;wjksi vkSj vejhdk esa tks vk/qfudrkiQSyh gS] mldk vlyh dkj.k oSKkfudn`f"Vdks.k dh çkFkfedrk vkSj çkcY; gSA ;gn`f"V m|ksx vkSj VsDukykWth ls ugha mRiUu gqbZgS] cfYd VsDukykWth vkSj m|ksx gh bl n`f"Vds ifj.kke gSaA ;wjksi vkSj vejhdk dk lclscM+k y{k.k oSKkfud n`f"V gS] fu"Bqj gksdjlR; dks •kstus dh O;kdqyrk gSA vkSj bl•kst ds Øe esa Jæk] fo'okl] ijaijk vkSj /eZ] fdlh Hkh ck/k dks cqf¼ Lohdkj djusugha gSA vk/qfud equ"; ds ckjs esa lkekU;dYiuk ;g gS fd vius fparu esa og fueZegksrk gS] fu"Bqj vkSj fuHkhZd gksrk gSA tks ckrcqf¼ dh idM+ esa ugha vk ldrh] mls ogf=kdky esa Hkh Lohdkj ugha djsxk vkSj tksckrsa cqf¼ ls lgh fn•k;h nsrh gSa] mudh og

•qyh ?kks"k.kk djsxk] pkgs os /eZ ds fo#¼iM+rh gksa] uSfrdrk ds f•ykiQ tkrh gksavFkok muls ekuork dk fpjiksf"kr fo'okl•aM&•aM gks tkrk gksA blhfy, yksx vDljvk/qfudrk dks ukfLrdrk dk i;kZ; le>ysrs gSa vkSj ;g lkspus yxrs gSa fd vk/qfudrkdk ,d y{k.k ;g Hkh gS fd og uSfrdfu;eksa dh vogsyuk djrh gSA ;gh ugha]ftUgksaus vk/qfudrk dh :g dks igpkuus dhdksf'k'k ugha dh gSa] os 'tkt' laxhr vkSj'fVªoLV' u`R; rFkk ekrk&firk ds lkFkyM+dksa ds nqO;Zogkj dks Hkh vk/qfudrk dkgh y{k.k eku ysrs gSaA

fdarq ;s phtsa vk/qfudrk dh ugha]mPN`a•yrk fd fu'kkuh gSa vkSj os vk/qfudgksa Hkh] rks eS rks mUgsa vk/qfudrk dh çÑfrugha] foÑfr gh dgw¡xkA ;s dqjhfr;ka vk/qfudrk dh 'kksHkk ugha c<+krha] iqjkus ns'kksa esamls vxzkg; cuk nsrh gSA mUuhloha lnh esavk/qfudrk dh ygj Hkkjro"kZ esa cM+s tksj lsmBh Fkh vkSj tgk¡ rd mlds ewyrÙo ;kuhcqf¼okn dk laca/ gS] gekjs egkiq#"kksa us mlsLohdkj Hkh fd;k FkkA

fdarq nks dkj.kksa ls vk/qfudrk Hkkjr esacnuke gks x;hA ,d dkj.k rks ;g Fkk fdftrus yksxksa us vk/qfudrk dh jh<+ ;kuh vkSjoSKkfud n`f"V vkSj cqf¼okn dks idM+k rFkkLoLFk Lok/hu fparu ds fy, mldh efgekLohdkj dh] muls dbZ xquk vf/d yksxLok/hu fpard gksus dk Lokax Hkjus yxsA ,sls;qod ml le; vius dks ';ax caxky'dgrs FksA vkSj viuh vk/qfudrk dhvfHkO;fÙkQ os 'kjkc ihdj] vius /eZ dhfuank djds cfYd eafnjksa esa xksekal iQsaddjdjrs FksA buls ls cgqr&ls yksx bZlkbZ Hkh gksx;s Fks vksj dbZ ekeyksa esa ns•k x;k Fkk fdmuds /eZ&ifjorZu dh çsj.kk vkè;kfRedftKklk ugha] dksbZ bgykSfdd yksHk vFkokçse FkkA

vk/qfudrk dh cnukeh dk nwljkdkj.k ;g gqvk fd mlds çrhd gekjs vaxzst'kkld Fks] ftuesa gesa eksgCcr ugha] ?k`.kk FkhaAvk/qfudrk ds fo#¼ Hkkjrh; lekt us tksdBksj çfrfØ;k vfHkO;ÙkQ dh Fkh] mldkçek.k ge mUuhloha lnh esa ns• pqds gSaAvk/qfudrk ds fNNysiu dks ns•dj Hkkjrbruk ukjkt gqvk fd ;wjksi dks Lohdkj djusds cnys mlus ,d nwljh gh jkg idM+ yhA

fganw dgus yxs fd gekjh laLÑfr cgqr iqjkuhgSa] gekjk lkfgR; loZJs"B gS vkSj /eZ ds ckjsesa ge ftruk tkurs gSa] mlls vf/dtkudkjh dk nkok ;wjksi ds yksx ugha djldrs] vr,o os gels pkgs rks /eZ lh• ysa]ge mudh fopkj&i¼fr dks dcwy ughadjsaxsaA vkSj eqlyeku dgus yxs fd tksf'k{kk,a gesa ;wjksi ds yksx nsus vk;s gSa] osgekjs /eZ xzaFkksa esa igys ls gh ekStwn gSaA u;hnqfu;k ls gesa dqN Hkh ugha ysuk gSaA ysfduHkkjr ml le; Hkze esa FkkA u;h nqfu;k dhgeus cgqr lkjh ckrsa Lohdkj dj yh gSa vkSjcgqr&lh ckrksa dks Lohdkj djus dh gekjhrS;kjh tkjh gSA

vkS|ksxhdj.k ;wjksi vkSj vejhdk dhnsu gS¡A Hkkjr esa uxjksa dh tks la[;k vkSj ç/kurk c<+us yxh gSa] og vk/qfudrk dkifj.kke gSA dkWystksa vkSj ;wfuoflZfV;ksa dkvkt dk :i ckgj ls vk;k gSa] lk{kjrk dkfodkl vk/qfudrk ds /Dds ls gks jgk gSAgekjs çtkra=k dh i¼fr ;wjksi vkSj vejhdkls yh x;h gSaA O;fÙkQokn dh çsj.kk bl ns'kesa ;wjksi vkSj vejhdk dh ns•k&ns•h c<+jgh gS vkSj lfEefyr ifjokj dh ifjikVh ijtks •rjs eaMjk jgs gSa] os Hkh vk/qfudrk dhgh nsu gSA ukfj;ksa dh e;kZnk&o`f¼ vk/qfudrkds dkj.k gks jgh gS vkSj ;fn vk/qfudrk dhçsj.kk gekjs Hkhrj dke ugha djrh gksrh] rksge fganw dksM dks dkuwu dk :i ugha nsldrs FksA dqN ckrksa esa vk/qfudrk us gekjhlgk;rk ijks{k :i ls Hkh dh gSA

ftu ço`fÙk;ksa dks vkt ge vk/qfuddgrs gSa] os cq¼ esa fn•k;h iM+h Fkha] HkÙkQvkSj lar dfo;ksa esa fn•k;h iM+h FkhA mUgsavk/qfudrk us dqN rst dj fn;k vkSj gevLi`';rk dks dkuwuh vijk/ ?kksf"kr djus esaliQy gq,A blh çdkj gekjs lafo/ku esa tks;g 'krZ j•h x;h gSa fd uj&ukjh ds chpdksbZ vlekurk ugha cjrh tk;xh rFkk mUufrds volj lHkh tkfr;ksa ds yksxksa dks] HksnHkkods fcuk] miyC/ jgsaxs] og 'krZ] oSls nsf•;srks] euqLe`fr ds f•ykiQ iM+rh gSA ysfdu ml'krZ dks turk us blfy, dcwy dj fy;k fdfiNys lkS&Ms<+ lkS o"kks± ds Hkhrj mldsdêðjrk ds cgqr&ls Hkko cny x;s gSa ;k <hysiM+ x;s gSa vkSj mldk eu /hjs&/hjs uohu gksjgk gSA (VhMhvkbZ,y fgUnh dkikZsjk) lsladfyr ,oa rachnakar.org ls lkHkkj

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fnukad 13 vDVwcj 2013 dksmn; xzqi (;wukbZVsM MseksØsfVdvos;jusl iQkWj ;wFk) ds rRoèkku esaèkEe Øakfr fnol dk vk;kstu Mk0ch-vkj- vEcsMdj] us'kuy eSeksfj;y26 vyhiqj jksM] utnhd fnYyhfoèkku lHkk esVªks LVs'ku esa vk;ksftrfd;k x;k ftldk eap lapkyuvkj-vkj- ckx ,MoksdsV lqizhe dksVZfnYyh o vè;{krk jru yky dsu}kjk dh xbZ mn; xzqi ds izoDrkjktdqekj xkSre us bl dk;ZØe dhiw.kZ tkudkjh nhA¶f'k{kk ds vkHkko esa vkt Hkh 'kks"k.k¸

mDr fopkj ;wukbZVsM MseksØsfVd vos;jusl iQkWj ;wFk(mn; xzqi) ds rRokèkku esa vk;ksftr èkEe ØkafUr fnollekjksg easa dgsA vkt eq>s cs [ksn ds lkFk dguk iM jgk gSAfd vkt esjk nfyr@vks-ch-lh- lekt f'k{kk ds vHkko esa 'kgjhvkSj xzkeh.k {ks= esa euqoknh O;oLFkk ds pyrs i'kq rqY; thouthus dks foo'k gSA ;g f'k{kk ds vHkko esa gh 'kks"k.k gSA tkfr'kks"k.k gh vKkurk dk lcls cMk dkj.k gSA euqoknh yksxksa dsdkj.k vkt vkLFkk ds uke ij "kM;a=dkjh fgUnq èkeZ xzaFkeuqLe`fr ds izfr lefiZr yksx vkt Hkh nfyr@vks-ch-lh-lekt ds lekftd]jktuSfrd] vkfFkZd]O;kikjh] ukSdjh iSlkO;fDr 'kks"k.k dsf'kdkj gks jgs gSA oksdsoy vkSj dsoyeuqoknh O;oLFkk dsdkj.kA ckck lkgc,d lR;oknh vkSjfufHkZd FksA mudkpfj=k fu"dyad vkSj

ifo= FkkA mUgksus ,d vNwr ifjokj esa tUe ysdj vius fnO;Kku vkSj vkn'kZ pfj= ls èkeZ ds Bsdsnkjks ds fojksèk ds ckotwnvkius vkRecy vkSj lPph dÙkZO; fu"Bk ds pyrs nfyr@vks-ch-lh- lekt dks f'k{kk ds ekè;e ls m¼kj fd;k mudk deZfu"B thou fiNMh nfyr@vks-ch-lh- ekuork ds mRFkku vkSjdY;k.k ds fy, lw;Z ds leku izdk'k&iqat gS f'k{kk gh ,dlEekfur thou dh cqfu;kn gSA Mk0 vEcsMdj ,d ,SlsO;fDr FksA tks ,dsMeh ls 'kq: gksdj lkfgR;dkj] i=dkj]jktuSfrd rFkk lafoèkku fuekZrk rd igqps nfyrks@vks-ch-lh-dh f'k{kk esa Mk0 vEcsMdj dk vrqyuh; ;ksxnku gSA

gfj;k.kk ls vk,ekuuh; iwoZvkbZ-,-,l-,l0,y0 èkkuh us eapds ekè; ls crk;k fdvkt ds LorU= Hkkjresa ge ns[k jgs gSA fdczkã.koknh Hkxon~xhrk ds izpkj djus esacMk iz;Ru dj jgs gSAbl ds izpkj esa lkjkczkã.k&oS'k; lekt

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yxk gqvk gSA eq>scMs nq[k ds lkFkdguk iMrk gS fdbl iqLrd esa eq>sdksbZ egRoiw.kZ ckrugh feyh bliqLrd us bl egkuns'k dk cMk vuFkZfd;k gSA bl iqLrdds vkèkkj Hkwr rRobrus fujFkZd vkSjvFkZfgu gS fd u os cqf¼xE; gS vkSj u gh cqf¼ dh le>es vkus okys gSA bldk fl¼kar cgqtu fgr fojksèkh gSA cgqtudks vUèksjs esa j[kdj vius LokFkZ dks fl¼ djus dk vkns'k bliqLrd esa gSAHkxon~&xhrk ds rhljsvè;k; vkSj 26 os'yksd esa LiLV :i lsd`".k us dgk fd loZlkèkkj.k turk dkso.kkZJe èkeZ pykus dsfy, ckè; djks vkSjmudh vKkurk dsykHk dks fo}ku vFkkZrczkã.koknh;ksa dksmBkuk pkfg,A^^ucqqf¼Hksn tu;sn Kkuka deZ efMuke~ A tks"k;sRl oZdekZf.kfo¼kU;qÙkr% lekpju~** Hkxon~ xhrk 3&26 vFkZ deZ;kuhtkfr&ikafr ij vkpj.k djus okys vK vFkkZr {kf=;] oS';vkSj 'kwæksa esa cqf¼ Hksn dks iSnk u djsA fo}ku ¼czkã.k½ dkspkfg, fd os Lo;a deZ vFkkZr tkfr&ikafr ij pyrs gq, budhew[kZrk dk ykHk mBkdjbuls viuh nklrkdjkosaA Hkxoku xkSrecq¼ us jktuhfr esalekt vkSj èkeZ esa ftlegku ØkafUr ds vkèkkjij lewy ifjorZu fd;kFkk mls dkykUrj esa u"Vfd;k x;k bl dkdkj.k ;g Fkk] fdczkãe.kksa us jktuhfr vkSj

èkeZ dks bDVBk djdsizpkj fd;kA bl izpkjdj ifj.kke ;gfudyk fd ;gdsoy lekftd izFkkugh jgh cfYdjktuSfrd Lrj ijbldh j{kk dh xbZblh t?kU; dk;Z dksdjus ds fy;seuqLe`fr] xhrk vkSj

vU; xzUFkksa dks fy[kk x;kAMk0 jek ikapky izèkku lEiknd fojksfpdk if=dk eè;

izns'k us ckck lgkc ds 'kCnksa dks vius ekè;e ls vikjtulewg dkslEcksfèkr djrs gq,crk;k Hkkjr tSlsfo'kky ns'k dslafoèkku fuekZrkckck lkgc dgrs gSA=axosn] vFkZosn esusfdrus ckj i<s gSA ijmles lekt vkSjekuo dh mUufr dsfy, uhfreÙkk dsfy, cyoèkZd D;k

gSA ;g eSjh le> esa ugh vkrk] bl fopkj ls ckck lgkc dhlkfgR; fo"k;d n`f"V Li"V gksrh gS fd os dgrs gSA fo"kerkdk leFkZu djus okys euqLe`fr gesa ekU; ugh gSA ,slh iksFkhdks ge D;ks u tyk;sA bldk vFkZ gqvk mUgs folerk dkleFkZu djus okyh lkfgR; ekU; ugh ysfdu ifjorZu le;

dh ekax gSA vktifjorZu le; esavkpkj] fopkjijEijk;sa] ekU;rk,]vkLFkk, cnyh gSAn f y r @v k s - c h - l h -lekt dks ckck lkgcds crk, ekxZ ijpyuk gksxkA vkRelEeku vkSj LokfHkekutkx`r djuk gksxkA

Mk0 jek ikapkyiz/kku lEiknd fojksfpdk if=dk

xkSjo ;kno (,MoksdsV)lqizhe dksVZ fnYyh

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vfèkdkj Hkh[k esa nhxbZ [kSjkr ugh gScfYd izR;sd ekuodk ekuoh; gd gSvkSj mls viusvfèkdkjksa ds fy,lpsr vkSj tkx:dgksuk gksxkA mlesa ;stkx:drk rHkh vkldrh gSaA tc xkWo]'kgj] izR;sd rg'khydk ,d&,d tu f'kf{kr gks D;ksfd Kku dk nhid gh vKkudk vaèkdkj gj ldrk gS ogh Kku dk nhid ln lkfgR; dhizsj.kk nsrk gSA vR;kpkj] vukpkj] fo"kerk vkSj folaxfr;ksa dkstykus dh {kerk ;fn fdlh esa gSA rks oks gS dsoy Kku dsnhid esa blh ls lekt dks l'kDr djuk gksxkA

xkSjo ;kno ,MoksdsV lqizhe dksVZ fnYyh us vius vuqHkods vkèkkj ij vius lEcksèku esa crk;k fd vkt nfyr 'kksf"krvks-ch-lh- lekt 'kkar gS vkSj mlus miuh fuEu gSfl;r lslle>ksrk dj fy;k gSA ;g gekjs lekt dk ,d cM+k rcdkgSA bl rjg] gekjs lekt ds bl cMs rcds dk fuEu vkSjfiNMk ntkZ gekjs ns'k dks fuEu vkSj fiNM+k j[k jgk gSA blcMs rcds dks txkuk] mBkuk vkSj lfØ; djuk gksxkA lektds bl cMs rcds dks mls txkus vkSj mBkus ds ckn tkx:drkiSnk djuk gekjs lekt ds bl cMs rcds dks tkx:d djusds fy, vusd fopkjiw.kZ mik; djus gksxs ;s mik; nks izdkjds gks ldrs gSA

1 lekU; vkSj 2 fof'k"B] eqÌks ij vkèkkfjrlekU; mik; lekftd] vkfFkZd] jktuhfrd] èkkfeZd

vkSj lkaLd`frdigyqvks ls lEcfUèkrgks ldrs gSA ,slsO;kid mik;ks dht:jr D;ks gS\ bldkdjk.k ;g gS fdn fy r @v k s - c h - l h -lekt bu lHkh ekspksZij vaèksjs esa gSA mUgsizcq¼ djus ds fy,bu lHkh ekspkZs ij

tkx:drk vfuok;Z gSA tc rd mUgs tkx:d ugh fd;ktk,xk] rc rd mUgs mBk;k ugh tk ldsxk] vkSj tc rdmUgs mBk;k ;k lpsr ugh fd;k tk,xk rc rd mUgs lafyIrugh fd;k tk ldsxk bl fy, mUgs lafyIr djus ds fy, ,slhO;kid tkx:drk vfuok;Z gSA

v:.k izdk'k ,MoksdsV >kj[kaM us crk;k Hkkjr dkbfrgkl lk>h gS fd tc&tc Hkh bl nfyr@vks-ch-lh- lektus] bl la?k"kZ dh vkokt cqYna dh] mlus Åij mBus dhdksf'k'k dh rc mls nck;k x;k] mls elyk x;k] ml dslkFk èkks[kk fd;k x;kA vorkjokfn;ksa us] iqjksfgrks us] iaMksus]czkã.kksa us vkSj czkãk.k okn ds iqtkjh jktuhfrd yhMjksa usA,sls yksxksa us èkeZ xzaFkksa] èkeZ vkSj tkfr Hksn ds uke ij yksxksesa >wBk LokfHkeku] ijLij dh ?k`.kk vkSj ,d&nqljs ds lkFkcnys dh Hkkouk dks c<kok fn;kA Mk0 vEcsMdj us 26tuojh 1956 dks dgk Fkk ^^ges cke.k&cfu;ks dk vuqdj.kugh djuk pfg,A cke.k&ofu;ks ds xBtksM+ dk ,d gh è;s;gS fd iSlk dSls dek;k tk,aA ,slk djus ds fy, os ns'kfgrdks cspus ;k vius èkeZ dks cspus esa Hkh vkukdkuh ugh djrsA

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lkekftd] jktuSfrd] laLdfr rFkk lkfgR; ljksdkj ds fy, izfrc¼ fgUnhekfld if=kdk csèkM+d U;wt+* ,oa jk"Vªh; jkt/kuh fnYyh o vklikl{ks=kksa dh lkekftd]jktuSfrd ?kVukvksa o [kcjksa dks i<+us gsrq fgUnhlkIrkfgd v[kckj ^csèkM+d U;wt+* ds lnL; cusA

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;k fiQj vius utnhd dSujk cSad dh 'kk[kk ls gekjhif=kdk ds [kkrs esa ^csèkM+d U;wt* ekfld if=kdk ds uke ls

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nfyr dks ,slk u djds ns'k HkDr vkSjèkkfeZd cuuk pkfg,A ckS¼ èkEeloZJs"B èkEe gS bls o.kZ O;oLFkk]tkfrHksn ;k ckeu dh Js"Brk dk iz'uugh gSA**

ldhy vgen ys[kd (èkeZ ,du'kk) iqLrd ds ys[kd us eap dsekè;e ls dgk Hkxoku cq¼ ds lejkT;ds vkus esa vfèkd foyEc ugh gksukpkfg, ckck lkgc loZKku] loZn'khZ]iSEcj ;k f=dkyn'khZ egkekuo viuhKku xEHkhj fnO; fuHkhZd ;qfd;qDr]lE;d] larqfyr ok.kh ls viuh dyeds cy ij Hkkjrh; lekt dh nchfiNMh dqpyh uhp vNwr @vks-ch-lh-lekt dks mius KkukstZu ds ekè;e lsgtkjks lkyks dh xqykeh ls eqfDr fnykx;s ckck lkgc us vius 'kCnksa esa crk;kdh fgUnw ,d èkeZ ugh ;g ,dekulhd fcekjh gSA tks ekuo dhvekU;rk ekuo ds lkFk ,slk O;ogkjdjs oks èkeZ ugh gSA

eap ds ekè;e ls mn; xzqi dslHkh lnL;ks o mifLFkr vfrfFk;ksa uslqjsUæ ;kno (fldanj) ftyk vè;{k;kno egk lHkk xkft;kckn] funsZ'kdizpkj vkmVMkSj ,MojVkbZftax dEiuhiz0fy0 lnL; lqHkk"k ;qok ekspksZ olnxq: lsok lfefr dk cgqr&cgqrvkHkkj O;Dr fd;kA ,sls lekt lsoh dspyrs gh dk;ZØe esa lHkh vk;s gq,efgyk iq:"k o cPpksa dks Hkkstu feyldkA dk;ZØe esa Hkkstu nku dh iw.kZO;oLFkk lqjsUæ ;kno th }kjk dh xbZAmn; xzqi ds izoDrk jktdqekj xkSre usmifLFkr lHkh vfFkfr;ksa o lekjksg esalfEefyr efgyk iiQ:"k o cPpksa dksliQy vk;kstu ij èkU;okn fd;k eapds ekè;e ls dk;ZØe ds fo"ks'klg;ksxh vkokt bafM;k Vh0oh0 pSuy oreke izsl fefM;k dk vkHkkj O;Drfd;kA

Ffinal october 2013

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