Ionization Cooling for a ν-Factory or Collider David Neuffer Fermilab 7/15/06.
FFAG Concepts and Studies David Neuffer Fermilab.
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Transcript of FFAG Concepts and Studies David Neuffer Fermilab.
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FFAG Concepts and Studies
David Neuffer
Fermilab
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Outline Introduction
Feasibility studies use Linacs and recirculating linacs Need to develop “cheaper” acceleration
FFAG Acceleration ?? Fixed-field permits fast-acceleration ~10 turns possible ….
FFAG Lattice styles (DIMAD simulations): “scaling” FFAG – Machida & Mori “non-scaling” FFAG – Johnstone FMC-like –Dejan Trbojevic
Longitudinal Motion Constraints simulations
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Study 2 Costs …. Study I, II -Factory – feasible but too expensive Biggest cost item: acceleration (~600M$)
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FFAG Acceleration? Linacs/RLA’s require a lot of rf RLA multiple-pass transports + spreader/recombiners
complicated and expensive Muons decay too quickly for fast-cycling magnets
Need: Fixed-field lattice that can accept beam over large energy spread (620 GeV ?) for multipass return transports: FFAG lattice ?
With same transport for all turns can accelerate over more turns: less rf.
FFAG lattice can have large momentum acceptance; large transverse acceptance; need less cooling
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POP-first Proton FFAG
First Proton FFAG built and operated
All systems verified
(magnet, rf, injection)
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FFAG magnet- 150 MeV FFAG Figure shows yoke-free FFAG
triplet used for 150 MeV proton FFAG
150 MeV FFAG is under construction (magnets done)
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PRISM – low-energy muon ring Low-energy muon source
e experiments …
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Japan Neutrino Factory Scenario
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JNF Scenario Use 50 GeV p-bunch to
produce pions Capture beam in 20-T 5-T
transport channel Short decay line; inject beam
directly into low-energy FFAG Capture beam in low-frequency
rf bucket Accelerate up chain of FFAGs
to 20GeV Inject into 20GeV storage ring
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“Scaling” FFAGS Lattice
Advantages:•Naturally Zero chromaticity
Disadvantages:•Large negative bends (large circumference …)•Nonlinear fields (from rk expansion)•Not isochronous
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JNF- FFAGs lattice design Lattices are “scaling” radial-
sector FFAGs Triplet focusing with reverse-
bend D-quads Low to high energy orbit width
is ~0.5m
0.3 1.0 GeV, 1 3.0 GeV 3.010 GeV 10 20 GeV FFAGs
Lattices have been generated using SAD, DIMAD
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Parameters for JNF FFAG lattices
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Acceleration and Decay Acceleration must avoid
muon decay
Need ~1MV/m to avoid decay (2 MV/m gradient in cavities)
rf
2
rf
2
VeL
cm
rf0
0VeL
cm
0
0 sVeE
E
E
E
N
N
N
L
1
ds
dN
rfVeds
dE
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Acceleration Parameters For acceleration, use superconducting (smaller-radius) FFAGs At 1MV/m, ~ 10 turns acceleration / FFAG Assume harmonic h = 1 on lowest-energy FFAG; keep frequency
constant h = 1 4.75 MHz rf (???) Initial beam from decay
300150MeV/c; 10ns
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Scenario requires ~2MV/m rf Harmonic=1 (for lowest energy
FFAG) implies 4.75 MHz;
Harmonic=2 implies 9.5 MHz; works OK in 1-D simulation
Experience indicates 26MHz cavity is more realistic (Iwashita)
Use 26 MHz + 3rd harmonic ?
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Longitudinal Motion in FFAG Equations of motion:
Motion is not very isochronous
h = 1 and h = 2 accelerations are OK;
)sin(eVEE nrf1nn
1P
Ph2 s
s1nn
1k1
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Injection and Extraction Requires fast, large-aperture
kickers; particularly for low-energy FFAGs
Risetime for 1GeV FFAG must be less than 200ns; 20 GeV FFAG can be > 1s
Example: 150MeV FFAG will need 500g, 0.6m, 150ns
1GeV FFAG needs ~0.53 T-m
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“Non-scaling” FFAG (Johnstone) 620 GeV lattice; C=2100m
Basic lattice unit is FODO cell ~7m long;
Primary bending magnet is “D”;
Lattice is more isochronous (transition at ~13 GeV)
B = constant (tune varies with energy)
Good linear behavior …(but large chromaticity …)
F D
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Dejan Trbojevic Lattice 1020 GeV 270m circumference Strong focusing to very
small dispersion: 6cm
No negative bends at central energy
Chromaticity corrected: Tune (E) more nearly constant (but does cross integers)
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Summary FFAG accelerators have been built and operated at KEK
POP FFAG 150 MeV FFAG (under construction) PRISM (proposed) RIKEN radioactive ion FFAG
FFAG accelerators could be used in neutrino factory Need magnet, rf , injection/extraction R&D Muon production and cooling options to be explored
Comparisons with other design approaches are not completed FFAG or RLA or linac or ??? Cost estimates ???
Integration into complete neutrino factory scenario is also required