Few things about energy part1
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Few things I knowabout « ENERGY »
Part 1 : energy needs
Guillaume FERY
May 2010
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Guillaume FERY – May 2010 p2
Energy … What for ?5 major needs
Heating: from the ages, to head, to cook and for industrial processes
Lighting: with huge technological evolution from gas to electricity
Power: for transportation and industrial processes as well
Raw material: some resource are used directly (gas, oil, coke)
Electricity for appliances, devices and motors in our environment (at home, at work, etc.)
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Guillaume FERY – May 2010 p3
Energy access
In the world, about 2 billion people have no access to moderne energy
With no access to energy, wood is the only way to cook and heat => impact on deforestation
Decentralized systems are a good way to solve environmental problems and enable development
With electricity => television, fridge, telephone, pumps, etc.
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Guillaume FERY – May 2010 p4
Consumption
Difference between : Primarary energy Secondary energy Final energy
In France, only 67% of total energy in used by final applications.
A chinese has a yearly consumption of 1 Ton of oil equivalent (toe) while european need 4 and a American 8.
The USA weight 5% of the world’s population but consume 25% of the total energy (and also 25% of the CO2 emissions)
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Guillaume FERY – May 2010 p5
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Guillaume FERY – May 2010 p6
Energy needs(final energy)
It varie. key drivers : Daytime / night time Season (hot or cold – heating or air conditioner) Economic activity Price (in France Energy is 8% of a family budget – telecom
10%, water less than 2%) Peak ?
11am and 6pm in our countries and in winter (Europe) During the WE and in the summer (California)
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Guillaume FERY – May 2010 p7
About energetic balance
Consumption of primary energy resource
0%5%
10%15%20%25%30%35%40%
petrol Coal natural gas biomass &waste
nuclear
Source AIE >80% of the resource come from fossile energy
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Guillaume FERY – May 2010 p8
About energy mix(examples)
75% of energy in South Africa comes from coal (idem in China)
90% of energy in Algeria come from internal gas resource
45% of hydraulic & biomass in Brazil 35% energy come from imported oil in Italy
=> Impact on CO2 emissions and energy independance (+geostrategy issues as well)
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Guillaume FERY – May 2010 p9
An application for each resource ?
What energy to produce Electricty ? 80% from nuclear in France 80% from hydraulic in Brazil 80% from Coal in China 90% from gas in Algeria
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Guillaume FERY – May 2010 p10
About ELECTRICITY
Electricity is a secundary energy that can be produced by any of the primarary resources
but with weak yeald (35%) + transport issue
Today most og our day to day life is based on electricity usage. Electricity is essential.
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Guillaume FERY – May 2010 p11
Difference beetwen resource, types of energy and usage
=> competitions within energy vectors
Sources : French Academy of Technologies
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Guillaume FERY – May 2010 p12
Energy and transport sector
Fossile energy is (too) essential About 30% of final energy is used for transport issues 80% is based on hydrocarbures Think that 100% of army planes in the world are linked
to kerozenes issues Can we change ? Example: To travel from Paris to
Amsterdam (750km – 460 miles)… Using car / train / plane The journey lasts from 1 to 6 hours Emits from 3,2 to 136 Kg of CO2 Costs from 40 euros to 310 euros
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Guillaume FERY – May 2010 p13
Energy and Industry sector
Less than 1/3 of final energy needsEnergy intensive industries : heavy
industry (coal, steel, chemical, cement)Goegraphical issues (relatively to energy
cost all around the world)Energy efficiency could lead to savings up
to 20% in Europe
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Guillaume FERY – May 2010 p14
Energy & the buildings
In France, 46% of final demand come from the buildings 69% for heating 19% for hot water 12% for electricity
Key issues for the future Insulation Home automation, regulation Energy efficiency Eco materials
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Guillaume FERY – May 2010 p15
Energy and the city
By 2030, 60% of the world’s population will live in urban areas (49% in 2007)
Architecture & planning have big impact. 2 similar cities can have different energy needs. 2.5 million people and … : Atlanta : 4300 KM² and 7.5 T CO2/hab/year Barcelona : 162 KM² and 0.7 T CO2/hab/year
Energy price raise will impact people localisation, lifestyle and city planning
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Guillaume FERY – May 2010 p16
Energy and the future
Thousands of simulations !What horizon for energetic scenario ? 2020,
2050, 2100 ?Examples of models :
POLES PRIMES http://www.e3mlab.ntua.gr/manuals/PRIMsd.pdf
WEM
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Guillaume FERY – May 2010 p17
Energy needs are growing and energy is a lever to develop the economy … but don’t forget :
In the world, about 2 billion people have no access to moderne energy
At least 70% of humanity lives on less than $10 a day Nearly a billion people entered the 21st century unable to
read a book or sign their names. Approximately half the world’s population now live in
cities and towns. In 2005, approximately 1 billion people was living in slum conditions.
http://www.un.org/fr/millenniumgoals/
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Guillaume FERY – May 2010 p18
Follow the links …
http://www.iea.org/ http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/ http://www.energystar.gov http://www.world-nuclear.org http://www.cleanenergystates.org/ http://www.ademe.fr http://www.masdar.ae/en/home/index.aspx
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Guillaume FERY – May 2010 p19
Guillaume FERY
http://uk.linkedin.com/in/gfery
http://orignal.blogspirit.com/
http://twitter.com/gfery
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END OF PART 1
See Part 2
Energy and Resources