Feudal Warfare & The Renaissance of the Military Art Major Rascon

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Slide 1 Feudal Warfare & Feudal Warfare & The Renaissance of the The Renaissance of the Military Art Military Art Major Rascon Major Rascon

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Feudal Warfare & The Renaissance of the Military Art Major Rascon. SOURCES. Jones, The Art of War in the Western World , pp. 102-122, 134-141 Preston and Wise, Men In Arms , pp. 65-97 Keegan, The Face of Battle , pp. 79-116. LEARNING OBJECTIVES. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Transcript of Feudal Warfare & The Renaissance of the Military Art Major Rascon

Page 1: Feudal Warfare & The Renaissance of the  Military Art Major Rascon

Slide 1

Feudal Warfare &Feudal Warfare &The Renaissance of the The Renaissance of the

Military ArtMilitary Art

Major RasconMajor Rascon

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SOURCESSOURCES

Jones, Jones, The Art of War in the Western WorldThe Art of War in the Western World, , pp. 102-122, 134-141 pp. 102-122, 134-141

Preston and Wise, Preston and Wise, Men In ArmsMen In Arms, pp. 65-97, pp. 65-97

Keegan, Keegan, The Face of BattleThe Face of Battle, pp. 79-116, pp. 79-116

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LEARNING OBJECTIVESLEARNING OBJECTIVES Trace the development of the Franks and the Battle of Trace the development of the Franks and the Battle of

ToursTours

Know Charlemagne and the beginning of Feudalism Know Charlemagne and the beginning of Feudalism

Comprehend the Battle of Hastings Comprehend the Battle of Hastings

Know the influence of religious and technological factors on Know the influence of religious and technological factors on the Crusadesthe Crusades

Trace the decline of mounted knights, calvary and crossbow Trace the decline of mounted knights, calvary and crossbow and the emergence of the longbow, pike and gunpowderand the emergence of the longbow, pike and gunpowder

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The FranksThe Franks

– Germanic groupGermanic group

– Moved into Roman Gaul Moved into Roman Gaul around 460 a.d. after the around 460 a.d. after the victory victory

– Initially primitive but Initially primitive but effective infantry forceeffective infantry force

– Weapons included Weapons included javelins, swords, daggers javelins, swords, daggers and battle axesand battle axes

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FRANKISH DYNASTYFRANKISH DYNASTY

The King continued The King continued his reign by only his reign by only allowing his son to allowing his son to rule after him.rule after him.

This established a This established a society of noblemen society of noblemen and commoners or and commoners or peasantspeasants

                                           

                                      

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Charles MartelCharles Martel– Nicknamed Nicknamed

“Hammer”“Hammer”

– Granted land in Granted land in exchange for exchange for supportsupport

– Defeated Muslims Defeated Muslims at Tours, halting at Tours, halting the Muslim the Muslim advanceadvance..

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BATTLE OF TOURS 732BATTLE OF TOURS 732 Muslims moving West Muslims moving West

from Spainfrom Spain

Hammer’s infantry and Hammer’s infantry and cavalry vs Muslim cavalry vs Muslim infantryinfantry

Stalemate until Moslem Stalemate until Moslem emperor was killed.emperor was killed.

Defeat effectively Defeat effectively ended the Moslem ended the Moslem advanceadvance

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King CharlemagneKing Charlemagne

Hammer’s GrandsonHammer’s Grandson

Crowned Holy Roman Crowned Holy Roman EmperorEmperor

First Roman on the First Roman on the throne in 300 yearsthrone in 300 years

Feudalism, Christ and Feudalism, Christ and CalvaryCalvary

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FEUDALISMFEUDALISM

Vassalage- a system where land is offered in Vassalage- a system where land is offered in return for protection or service.return for protection or service.

Charlemagne required newly conquered Charlemagne required newly conquered lands to provide soldiers to his army lands to provide soldiers to his army dependent on the size of the area of the dependent on the size of the area of the townships.townships.

Similar to electoral votes, soldiers instead of Similar to electoral votes, soldiers instead of senators.senators.

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Frankish CavalryFrankish Cavalry

Calvary increased under Calvary increased under CharlemagneCharlemagne

Stirrup introduced in early Stirrup introduced in early 800s800s

Began shift in focus that Began shift in focus that ended with cavalry as the ended with cavalry as the primary arm by 900primary arm by 900

Now the Knight rode an Now the Knight rode an armored horse into battlearmored horse into battle

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The Fall of CharlemagneThe Fall of Charlemagne

After his death his empire fell, partly because After his death his empire fell, partly because of a civil war among the peopleof a civil war among the people

Mostly due to a three direction raid by the Mostly due to a three direction raid by the Arabs, the Magyars, and The VikingsArabs, the Magyars, and The Vikings

The Vikings (Normans) became the The Vikings (Normans) became the dominant power in the landdominant power in the land

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WILLIAM THE CONQUERERWILLIAM THE CONQUERER

King of the NormansKing of the Normans

Crowned on his 18Crowned on his 18thth birthdaybirthday

Worked a deal with his Worked a deal with his cousin, King Edward of cousin, King Edward of England, to succeed England, to succeed him on the throne of him on the throne of England but the people England but the people chose Harold of Essex chose Harold of Essex so…so…

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BATTLE OF HASTINGS 1066BATTLE OF HASTINGS 1066

William the ConquerorWilliam the Conqueror

Normans considered Normans considered best horsemenbest horsemen

12 K Calvary12 K Calvary

20 K infantry20 K infantry

Harold of EssexHarold of Essex

Had a foothold and Had a foothold and fortificationfortification

25 k infantry25 k infantry

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BASICS OF HASTINGSBASICS OF HASTINGS

Harold countermarches to meet WilliamHarold countermarches to meet William

Normans under William destroyed the English due Normans under William destroyed the English due to calvary and archers shooting “plunging fire”to calvary and archers shooting “plunging fire”

Crossbow developedCrossbow developed– Penetrated knights armorPenetrated knights armor

– Required transition from chain mail to Required transition from chain mail to armorarmor

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Battle of Hastings

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CRUSADES 1095-1274CRUSADES 1095-1274

TO RID THE “HOLY TO RID THE “HOLY LANDS” OF THE LANDS” OF THE CONTROL OF CONTROL OF MOHAMMED AND MOHAMMED AND THE MOSLEMSTHE MOSLEMS

8 CRUSADES IN 8 CRUSADES IN TOTALTOTAL

MUCH DEATHMUCH DEATH

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Richard I “LIONHEART”Richard I “LIONHEART”

Set out to recover JerusalemSet out to recover Jerusalem

Developed new defensive tactic Developed new defensive tactic to deal with horse archersto deal with horse archers

– Pikes in frontPikes in front– Ranks of crossbowmenRanks of crossbowmen

OffensiveOffensive

– Combined-arms task Combined-arms task organizationorganization

– Delayed action to train Delayed action to train togethertogether

– Sea-based logisticsSea-based logistics– Light-fightersLight-fighters– Contingency planContingency plan

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Demise of FeudalismDemise of Feudalism

Used long pikes to Used long pikes to withstand the calvary withstand the calvary chargecharge

Halberd- weapon Halberd- weapon designed to unseat the designed to unseat the horsemen horsemen

Longbow- twice as Longbow- twice as powerful as crossbowpowerful as crossbow

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GUNPOWDERGUNPOWDER

Changed castle warfare Changed castle warfare foreverforever

Invention of the cannonInvention of the cannon

Castle walls crumbled Castle walls crumbled under cannonball fireunder cannonball fire

Most castles reduced to Most castles reduced to rubleruble

Video-8min (Feudal SOG)Video-8min (Feudal SOG)

                               

          

                

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Horsemen UndoneHorsemen Undone

Heavier armor to Heavier armor to withstand the blow of a withstand the blow of a high powered arrowhigh powered arrow

Too heavy- lost Too heavy- lost mobility if knocked off mobility if knocked off the horsethe horse

Heavy Calvary horse Heavy Calvary horse carried 150 pounds carried 150 pounds plus rider and armorplus rider and armor

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SUMMARYSUMMARY

FRANKSFRANKS

MARTEL/TOURSMARTEL/TOURS

CHARLEMAGNECHARLEMAGNE

CRUSADESCRUSADES

WILLIAMWILLIAM

BATTLE OF BATTLE OF HASTINGSHASTINGS

KNIGHTS ARMORKNIGHTS ARMOR

WEAPONSWEAPONS

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QUESTIONS?QUESTIONS?