Feudal Warfare & The Renaissance of the Military Art Major Rascon
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Transcript of Feudal Warfare & The Renaissance of the Military Art Major Rascon
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Feudal Warfare &Feudal Warfare &The Renaissance of the The Renaissance of the
Military ArtMilitary Art
Major RasconMajor Rascon
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SOURCESSOURCES
Jones, Jones, The Art of War in the Western WorldThe Art of War in the Western World, , pp. 102-122, 134-141 pp. 102-122, 134-141
Preston and Wise, Preston and Wise, Men In ArmsMen In Arms, pp. 65-97, pp. 65-97
Keegan, Keegan, The Face of BattleThe Face of Battle, pp. 79-116, pp. 79-116
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LEARNING OBJECTIVESLEARNING OBJECTIVES Trace the development of the Franks and the Battle of Trace the development of the Franks and the Battle of
ToursTours
Know Charlemagne and the beginning of Feudalism Know Charlemagne and the beginning of Feudalism
Comprehend the Battle of Hastings Comprehend the Battle of Hastings
Know the influence of religious and technological factors on Know the influence of religious and technological factors on the Crusadesthe Crusades
Trace the decline of mounted knights, calvary and crossbow Trace the decline of mounted knights, calvary and crossbow and the emergence of the longbow, pike and gunpowderand the emergence of the longbow, pike and gunpowder
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The FranksThe Franks
– Germanic groupGermanic group
– Moved into Roman Gaul Moved into Roman Gaul around 460 a.d. after the around 460 a.d. after the victory victory
– Initially primitive but Initially primitive but effective infantry forceeffective infantry force
– Weapons included Weapons included javelins, swords, daggers javelins, swords, daggers and battle axesand battle axes
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FRANKISH DYNASTYFRANKISH DYNASTY
The King continued The King continued his reign by only his reign by only allowing his son to allowing his son to rule after him.rule after him.
This established a This established a society of noblemen society of noblemen and commoners or and commoners or peasantspeasants
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Charles MartelCharles Martel– Nicknamed Nicknamed
“Hammer”“Hammer”
– Granted land in Granted land in exchange for exchange for supportsupport
– Defeated Muslims Defeated Muslims at Tours, halting at Tours, halting the Muslim the Muslim advanceadvance..
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BATTLE OF TOURS 732BATTLE OF TOURS 732 Muslims moving West Muslims moving West
from Spainfrom Spain
Hammer’s infantry and Hammer’s infantry and cavalry vs Muslim cavalry vs Muslim infantryinfantry
Stalemate until Moslem Stalemate until Moslem emperor was killed.emperor was killed.
Defeat effectively Defeat effectively ended the Moslem ended the Moslem advanceadvance
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King CharlemagneKing Charlemagne
Hammer’s GrandsonHammer’s Grandson
Crowned Holy Roman Crowned Holy Roman EmperorEmperor
First Roman on the First Roman on the throne in 300 yearsthrone in 300 years
Feudalism, Christ and Feudalism, Christ and CalvaryCalvary
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FEUDALISMFEUDALISM
Vassalage- a system where land is offered in Vassalage- a system where land is offered in return for protection or service.return for protection or service.
Charlemagne required newly conquered Charlemagne required newly conquered lands to provide soldiers to his army lands to provide soldiers to his army dependent on the size of the area of the dependent on the size of the area of the townships.townships.
Similar to electoral votes, soldiers instead of Similar to electoral votes, soldiers instead of senators.senators.
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Frankish CavalryFrankish Cavalry
Calvary increased under Calvary increased under CharlemagneCharlemagne
Stirrup introduced in early Stirrup introduced in early 800s800s
Began shift in focus that Began shift in focus that ended with cavalry as the ended with cavalry as the primary arm by 900primary arm by 900
Now the Knight rode an Now the Knight rode an armored horse into battlearmored horse into battle
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The Fall of CharlemagneThe Fall of Charlemagne
After his death his empire fell, partly because After his death his empire fell, partly because of a civil war among the peopleof a civil war among the people
Mostly due to a three direction raid by the Mostly due to a three direction raid by the Arabs, the Magyars, and The VikingsArabs, the Magyars, and The Vikings
The Vikings (Normans) became the The Vikings (Normans) became the dominant power in the landdominant power in the land
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WILLIAM THE CONQUERERWILLIAM THE CONQUERER
King of the NormansKing of the Normans
Crowned on his 18Crowned on his 18thth birthdaybirthday
Worked a deal with his Worked a deal with his cousin, King Edward of cousin, King Edward of England, to succeed England, to succeed him on the throne of him on the throne of England but the people England but the people chose Harold of Essex chose Harold of Essex so…so…
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BATTLE OF HASTINGS 1066BATTLE OF HASTINGS 1066
William the ConquerorWilliam the Conqueror
Normans considered Normans considered best horsemenbest horsemen
12 K Calvary12 K Calvary
20 K infantry20 K infantry
Harold of EssexHarold of Essex
Had a foothold and Had a foothold and fortificationfortification
25 k infantry25 k infantry
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BASICS OF HASTINGSBASICS OF HASTINGS
Harold countermarches to meet WilliamHarold countermarches to meet William
Normans under William destroyed the English due Normans under William destroyed the English due to calvary and archers shooting “plunging fire”to calvary and archers shooting “plunging fire”
Crossbow developedCrossbow developed– Penetrated knights armorPenetrated knights armor
– Required transition from chain mail to Required transition from chain mail to armorarmor
Battle of Hastings
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CRUSADES 1095-1274CRUSADES 1095-1274
TO RID THE “HOLY TO RID THE “HOLY LANDS” OF THE LANDS” OF THE CONTROL OF CONTROL OF MOHAMMED AND MOHAMMED AND THE MOSLEMSTHE MOSLEMS
8 CRUSADES IN 8 CRUSADES IN TOTALTOTAL
MUCH DEATHMUCH DEATH
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Richard I “LIONHEART”Richard I “LIONHEART”
Set out to recover JerusalemSet out to recover Jerusalem
Developed new defensive tactic Developed new defensive tactic to deal with horse archersto deal with horse archers
– Pikes in frontPikes in front– Ranks of crossbowmenRanks of crossbowmen
OffensiveOffensive
– Combined-arms task Combined-arms task organizationorganization
– Delayed action to train Delayed action to train togethertogether
– Sea-based logisticsSea-based logistics– Light-fightersLight-fighters– Contingency planContingency plan
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Demise of FeudalismDemise of Feudalism
Used long pikes to Used long pikes to withstand the calvary withstand the calvary chargecharge
Halberd- weapon Halberd- weapon designed to unseat the designed to unseat the horsemen horsemen
Longbow- twice as Longbow- twice as powerful as crossbowpowerful as crossbow
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GUNPOWDERGUNPOWDER
Changed castle warfare Changed castle warfare foreverforever
Invention of the cannonInvention of the cannon
Castle walls crumbled Castle walls crumbled under cannonball fireunder cannonball fire
Most castles reduced to Most castles reduced to rubleruble
Video-8min (Feudal SOG)Video-8min (Feudal SOG)
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Horsemen UndoneHorsemen Undone
Heavier armor to Heavier armor to withstand the blow of a withstand the blow of a high powered arrowhigh powered arrow
Too heavy- lost Too heavy- lost mobility if knocked off mobility if knocked off the horsethe horse
Heavy Calvary horse Heavy Calvary horse carried 150 pounds carried 150 pounds plus rider and armorplus rider and armor
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SUMMARYSUMMARY
FRANKSFRANKS
MARTEL/TOURSMARTEL/TOURS
CHARLEMAGNECHARLEMAGNE
CRUSADESCRUSADES
WILLIAMWILLIAM
BATTLE OF BATTLE OF HASTINGSHASTINGS
KNIGHTS ARMORKNIGHTS ARMOR
WEAPONSWEAPONS
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QUESTIONS?QUESTIONS?