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20 (wek) UvKv gvÎ| Firqa Najiah by Dr. Muhammad Asadullah Al-Ghalib, Professor, Department of Arabic, University of Rajshahi. Published by : HADEETH FOUNDATION BANGLADESH. Nawdapara, Rajshahi, Bangladesh. Ph & Fax : 88-0721-861365, 01835-423410.

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cvi¯úwiK ivR‰bwZK gZwe‡iva I cwiYv‡g hy×-weMÖn-†K †K› ª K‡i cieZx©‡Z m„wó nq Lv‡iRx I kxÔAv gZev`, hv G‡Kev‡iB åvš—| e ‘Zt êlwqK gZ‡f‡ì Kvi‡Y Øxbx wefw³ m„wó Kiv Bû`x-bvQviv‡ì ¯fve| hv gymjgvb‡ì g‡a¨ cÖ‡ek K‡i‡Q| ZvB †`Lv hvq, êlwqK MÛ‡Mvj ev ivR‰bwZK gZ‡f`‡K †K› ª K‡i gymjgv‡biv bvbv ghnv‡e wef³ n‡”Q, gmwR`-C`Mvn c„_K Ki‡Q| hv Avj−vn&i Kv‡Q Av‡`Š M„nxZ n‡e bv| cÖK…Z gywgb hviv, Zviv Gme †_‡K ~‡i _vK‡e|

Avj−vn e‡jb, PI�P] S��W'� �W�T� EM�N1 M3 P0M�M5P/ V� Mfj�N5W'� M,)N%j M5S� M,)N"N\L'S�M3 PQM�L-P�M3 S;SKM�M� M��M�N�X� j�M>X��N+ M;T�L>M�N� M,L�M+ N��W'� �M��N/ �TbP7M�Lt N=�N/ �M�M3 M�P7M�Lt N=�N/ �U�NH M,)N\U� SA�S�3T� L,N� N�L�M+ �M� SKL��r�M!S; S~�M'j�M5X� ��L�M+ L;SKM'L�M+ qM�MKP/ V� M,)N\U�

�S'M�@ �M�N� �TbP7M�Lt N=�N/ M,N� j�M>X� N=N-X�NJN+ V� M3 iN�LKM) L,M� Vr�M M) �P�NH O� M%N? O;�NsM�L8S� ÔgvbeRvwZ mK‡j GKB m¤cÖ vqfy³ wQj| AZtci Avj−vn bexMY‡K †cÖiY Ki‡jb Rvbœv‡Zi mymsev` `vZv I Rvnvbœv‡gi fq cÖ k©bKvix iƒ‡c| Avi wZwb Zv‡ì mv‡_ mZ¨mn wKZve bvwhj Ki‡jb, hv‡Z Zv Zv‡ì gZ‡f‡ì welq¸wj mgvavb K‡i †`q| A_P hviv wKZve cÖvß n‡qwQj, Zv‡ì wbKU ¯úó wb`k©b mg~n G‡m hvIqvi c‡iI Zviv Avj−vn&i wKZv‡e gZ‡f` NUv‡jv ci¯ú‡ii cÖwZ we‡Øl ekZt| AZtci Avj−vn ¯xq AbygwZµ‡g Cgvb`viMY‡K G e¨vcv‡i m‡Zï w`‡K c_cÖ k©b Ki‡jb| e ‘Zt Avj−vn hv‡K B”Qv mij c_ cÖ k©b K‡i _v‡KbÕ (evK¡vivn 2/213)| G‡Z †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, cvi¯úwiK wnsmv-we‡Øl Ges wh` I AnsKviB nÕj †dK©ve›`xi g~j KviY| AnsKvi Kv‡K e‡j †m m¤ú‡K© ivm~j (Qvt) e‡jb, S%L5N�X� S%P6M+ j�M>X� T�L�PyM3 N��W'� ÔAnsKvi nÕj mZ¨‡K `‡¤¢i mv‡_ cwiZ¨vM Kiv I gvbyl‡K †nq Ges Zz”Q Ávb KivÕ|6 e ‘Zt Bû`x-bvQviviv †klbex (Qvt)-†K mZ¨ †R‡bI Zuv‡K gv‡bwb (evK¡vivn 2/146) †Kej we‡Øl ekZt| wKš‘ Avj−vn Zv‡ì ga¨ †_‡K Cgvb`vi GKwU `j‡K Bmjv‡gi cÖwZ †n`vqvZ `vb K‡iwQ‡jb Ges Zviv Bmjvg

6. gymwjg nv/91, wgkKvZ nv/5108 ÔwkóvPvi mg~nÕ Aa vq-25, Ô†µva I AnsKviÕ Aby‡”Q`-20|

10 10 wdiK¡v bvwRqvn


Keyj K‡i ab¨ n‡qwQj| †hgb Avãyj−vn web mvjvg, Av`x web nv‡Zg, ev`kvn bvRvkx cÖgyL weL¨vZ e¨w³eM© I Zv‡ì AbymvixMY| GivB wQ‡jb Avn‡j wKZve‡ì g‡a¨ bvRx †diKv| †bKKvi gvbyl KL‡bvB wefw³ Pvq bv| `yóz †bZvivB mgv‡R wefw³ m„wó K‡i wh` I AnsKvi e‡k| A_P †`vl Pvcvq nKcš’x mr‡jvK‡ì Dc‡i| GgZve ’vq bvRx †dK©vi †jv‡Kiv nK-Gi Dci `„p _v‡K Ges Zv‡ì welqwU Avj−vn&i Dci †Q‡o †`q| †hgb Avj−vn e‡jb, XINJP/ �S'M�@

N[X�N�N+ �M� L;S�L'M�@ N=N+ N�PsP/ L3M�M�L� XINHM3 L�U�M�M� �M�W-NJP/ L;S� YN/ Od�PsN& S;SKP��NbX�M�M8P/ V� M�S�M3 S_�N�W8� S;�N7M�X� ÔAbš—i Zviv hw` wek¦vm ’vcb K‡i †hiƒc †Zvgiv

wek¦vm ’vcb K‡iQ, ZvnÕ‡j Zviv myc_cÖvß n‡e| Avi hw` Zviv gyL wdwi‡q †bq, ZvnÕ‡j Zviv wh`-Gi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q| AZGe Zv‡ì e¨vcv‡i †Zvgvi Rb¨ Avj−vnB h‡_ó| wZwb mewKQz †kv‡bb I Rv‡bbÕ (evK¡vivn 2/137)| G‡Z cwi®‹vi †h, bvRx †dK©v KL‡bv evwZ‡ji g‡a¨ wg‡k GKvKvi n‡q hv‡e bv| Zviv me© v wbR AvK¡x`v I êwk‡ó¨ D¾¡j _vK‡e| eënvwiK kvLv-cÖkvLvMZ wel‡q wewfbœ gvhnvex cv_©K¨ g~jZt †`vlYxq bq| wKš‘ GUv Kexiv †Mvbv‡ni ch©v‡q †cuŠ‡Q hvq ZLbB, hLb Zvi Kvi‡Y ZvK¡jx`7 m„wó nq Ges Zvi wfwË‡Z D¤§Z wef³ nq I cvi¯úwiK `jv`wj I nvbvnvwb‡Z wjß nq| wbtm‡›`‡n GUvI †dK©ve›`x, hv †_‡K Avj−vn wb‡la K‡i e‡jb, L�T�M� PCM3L�S-L)N\U��P] L�TRW%PbM� M,

L�TbP7M�Lt M3L,N� �r�M! �M� N�L�M+ L�N�M4 p� P\M4 L;SKP� M N��P�L3T�M3 S~�M'j�M5X� S;S�p;k Ô†Zvgiv Zv‡ì gZ n‡qv bv, hviv †dK©ve›`x K‡i‡Q Ges ci¯ú‡i we‡iva K‡i‡Q ¯úó weavb mg~n G‡m hvIqvi c‡iI| Zv‡ì Rb¨ i‡q‡Q fqsKi AvhveÕ (Av‡j Bgivb 3/105)|

)OeP*Pc W3L�N�L5M�M, �U7N�( Ô73 †dK©vÕ| Gi Zvrch© wel‡q weØvbM‡Yi g‡a¨ gZ‡f` i‡q‡Q| Gi msL¨v wK 73-†q mxgvwqZ, bv wK Gi A_©

7. kviC wel‡q webv `jx‡j Kvi“ †Kvb K_vi AÜ AbymiY‡K ZvK¡jx` ejv nq| c¶vš—‡i

`jx‡ji AbymiY‡K B‡Ëev ejv nq| Bmjv‡g ZvK¡jx` wbwl× I B‡Ëev Acwinvh©|

wdiK¡v bvwRqvn

11 11


AMwYZ? †KD e‡j‡Qb, Gi A_© AMwYZ| †Kbbv we`ÔAvZx `j I Dc`‡ji msL¨v µ‡gB †e‡o P‡j‡Q| wK¡qvgZ ch©š— Zvi msL¨v MYbv KivB Kómva¨ e¨vcvi n‡e| †KD e‡j‡Qb †h, msL¨v hZB e„w× cvK, Zvi msL¨v 73-Gi g‡a¨B mxgvwqZ nÕ‡Z n‡e| G wel‡q weØvbMY we`ÔAvZx †dK©v mg~‡ni msL¨v MYbv K‡i‡Qb| †hgb †Kvb †Kvb weØvb e‡j‡Qb, DQ~j ev g~jbxwZi w`K w`‡q mKj we`ÔAvZx I åvš— †dK©v 4wU g~j `‡j wef³ : Lv‡iRx, kxÔAv, K¡v`vwiqv I gywR©qv| cÖ‡Z¨KwU `j 18wU K‡i Dc`‡j wef³ n‡q †gvU 72wU `j n‡q‡Q| evKx 1wU `j nÕj bvRx †dK©v Avn‡j mybœvZ Iqvj RvgvÔAvZÕ| Avãyj Kixg kvniv —vbxI Abyiƒc PviwU g~j `‡j wef³ K‡i‡Qb| †Kvb †Kvb weØvb Dc‡iv³ PviwU `‡ji mv‡_ AviI PviwU †hvM K‡i †gvU 8wU g~j `j e‡j‡Qb| evKx 4wU nÕj gyÔZvwhjv, gykvweŸnv, Rvewiqv I bv¾vwiqv| †KD e‡j‡Qb, g~j `j nÕj 6wU: nviƒwiqv (Lv‡iRx), K¡v`vwiqv, Rvnwgqv, gywR©qv, iv‡dhvn (kxÔAv), Rvewiqv| Z‡e †k‡li 8wU I 6wU cÖ_g 4wUi gZB| ZvB DËg n‡e åvš— `j mg~‡ni msL¨v wbw`©ó bv Kiv| hvi me¸wj bvRx †dK©vi AvK¡x`v I Avg‡ji we‡ivax| åvš— †dK©v¸wji we —…Z AvK¡x`v Rvbvi Rb¨ Beby nh‡gi Avj-wdQvj, kvniv —vbxi Avj-wgjvj, Avãyj K¡v‡ni evM`v`xi DQ~jyÏxb Ges Avj-dviKy evqbvj wdivK¡, Avãyj Kv‡ì Rxjvbxi wKZveyj ¸wbqvn, kv‡Z¡exi Avj-BÔwZQvg cÖf„wZ MÖš’ `ªóe¨|

Z‡e Avey BmnvK kv‡Z¡ex, AveyeKi ZviZ~kx, Qv‡n‡e wgiÔAvZ Ievq yj−vn gyeviKcyix cÖgy‡Li wPš—vaviv GB †h, wdK©v‡q bvwRqvn&i wecix‡Z åvš— `j mg~‡ni GB msL¨v‡K 72-Gi g‡a¨ mxgvwqZ Kiv hyw³ msMZ bq| †Kbbv wK¡qvgZ ch©š— åvš— `j I Dc`‡ji msL¨v evo‡ZB _vK‡e| kv‡Z¡ex e‡jb, åvš— `jmg~n‡K yÕfv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| GK- hv‡ì m¤ú‡K© nv`x‡Q mveavb Kiv n‡q‡Q| †hgb- Lv‡iRx, gywR©qv, K¡v`vwiqv cÖf„wZ| `yB- hv‡ì m¤ú‡K© nv`x‡Q bvg K‡i wKQz ejv nqwb| A_P GivB nÕj gvbeiƒcx kqZvb| hviv wewfbœ hyw³ I †RŠjy‡mi gva¨‡g mij-wmav gywgb‡K c_åó K‡i| G‡ì KZ¸wj wb`k©b I êwkó¨ i‡q‡Q| †h êwkó¨ I wb`k©b¸wj‡K `yÕfv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| msw¶ß )G��H( I we —vwiZ )Y7�Fb�( | cÖ_gwUi †gŠwjK wb`k©b



nÕj wZbwU| h_v- (K) we‡f` m„wó Kiv )R%Tb� �( | hvi gva¨‡g Zviv ci¯ú‡i we‡Øl, kÎ“Zv I loh‡š¿i m~ÎcvZ K‡i, hv agx©q I mvgvwRK HK¨ aŸs‡mi KviY nq| (L) ÔgynKvgÕ (¯úó) AvqvZ mg~n ev` w`‡q KziAv‡bi gyZvkvwen (A¯úó) AvqvZ mg~‡ni wc‡Q c‡o _vKv| (M) cÖe„wËi AbymiY Kiv Ges wbR¯ ivq‡K kviC `jxj mg~‡ni Dc‡i AMÖvwaKvi †`qv )��F'� Y74 [s�� ;��( | AZtci cÖ‡Z¨K åvš—

e¨w³ ev `‡ji we —vwiZ wb`k©b mg~n )��7�Fb� ~��*4( KziAvb I mybœvn&i `jxj mg~‡ni cÖwZ `„KcvZ Ki‡j †h‡Kvb ~i`„wó m¤úbœ Av‡jg Zv‡ì‡K mn‡R wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡ebÕ|8 Avgiv g‡b Kwi †h, 71, 72 I 73 e‡j ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Aviexq evKixwZ Abyhvqx ÔAvwaK¨ Ges Avwa‡Kï cwigvYÕ eySv‡Z †P‡q‡Qb| wZwb G welqwU cwi®‹vi Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Qb †h, wK¡qvgZ hZB Nwb‡q Avm‡e, D¤§‡Zi fvOb, c`öjb I †dK©ve›`x ZZB e„w× cv‡e| AZGe AMÖMvgx D¤§Z wnmv‡e Bû`xiv 71 `‡j, cieZx© D¤§Z wnmv‡e bvQvivMY 72 `‡j Ges Zvi cieZx© I me©‡kl D¤§Z wnmv‡e gymwjg D¤§vn 73 `‡j wef³ n‡e| A_©vr Zv‡ì fvOb I AatcZb weMZ mKj D¤§‡Zi PvB‡Z †ekx n‡e| Gfv‡e mviv c„w_ex‡Z hLb GKRb ZvInx`cš’x gywgbI Aewkó _vK‡e bv, ZLbB wK¡qvgZ msNwUZ n‡e|9

)L;SKg7T] YN/ N"�W'� ( ÔZv‡ì mevB Rvnvbœv‡g hv‡eÕ| A_©vr ];K7 I�s>�8) Q�t�� v "�'� ,� [!� �*�t �Z�s�� ÔmevB Rvnvbœv‡g cÖ‡e‡ki

nK`vi n‡e åvš— AvK¡x`v m¤úbœ nIqvi Kvi‡YÕ| AZtci hv‡ì AvK¡x`v Kzdixi ch©vqfy³ wQj, Zviv wPi ’vqxfv‡e Rvnvbœvgx n‡e| KviY Ô†h e¨w³ wkiK K‡i, Avj−vn Zvi Rb¨ RvbœvZ‡K nvivg K‡i‡QbÕ (gv‡q`vn 5/72)| c¶vš—‡i hv‡ì AvK¡x`v H ch©vqfy³ wQj bv, Zv‡ì‡K Avj−vn ¶gv bv Ki‡j Rvnvbœv‡g hv‡e| Avi ¶gv Ki‡j gyw³ cv‡e| †Kbbv ÔAvj−vn wkiK e¨ZxZ Ab¨ mKj †Mvbvn hv‡K B”Qv ¶gv Ki‡Z cv‡ibÕ (wbmv 4/48, 116)| Z‡e †k‡lv³ ch©v‡qi Rvnvbœvgxiv 8. wgiÔAvZ 1/273| 9. gymwjg nv/148; wgkKvZ nv/5516 ÔwdZvbÕ Aa¨vq-27 Aby‡”Q`-7|

wdiK¡v bvwRqvn

13 13


Zv‡`i Lv‡jQ Cgv‡bi Kvi‡Y Ges ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi kvdvÔAv‡Zi d‡j Avj−vn&i we‡kl AbyMÖ‡n Ae‡k‡l gyw³ cv‡e I Rvbœv‡Z hv‡e|10

)UCNH �U7N� EM�N1 M3( ÔGKwU `j e¨ZxZÕ| A_©vr Giv ïi“‡ZB Rvbœv‡Z hv‡e|

GLv‡b �U7N�-Gi †kl A¶‡i `yÕhei n‡q‡Q yÕ‡hi-Gi ’‡j| hv‡K

�/�t ��+ ��F'� ejv n‡q _v‡K| †Kbbv GwU Avm‡j wQj NHUCP� L�T[ N�U7O�M3 N1 M�OE ÔGKwU ZixKvi Abymvix `j e¨ZxZÕ| A_©vr GB `‡ji

†jv‡Kiv Qnxn AvK¡x`vi Abymvix n‡e| †Kbbv RvbœvZ jv‡fi Rb¨ weï× AvK¡x`vB nÕj cÖavbZg kZ©|

kv‡Z¡ex e‡jb, UCNH �U7N� EM�N1 M3 ejvi gva¨‡g GKwU welq cÖwZfvZ n‡q‡Q

†h, �7�� C �1 3 �� IH ÔnK GKUvB nq| GKvwaK bqÕ| nv`x‡Q Rvnvbœvgx `jmg~‡ni wecix‡Z GKwU gvÎ RvbœvZx `‡ji D‡j−L Kivi g‡a¨B cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q †h, nvhv‡iv `vex Ki‡jI åvš— `j¸wj KL‡bvB nKcš’x bq| nK gvÎ GKwU `‡ji mv‡_B i‡q‡Q| UCNH �U7N� EM�N1 M3 ejvi gva¨‡g GK_vI dz‡U D‡V‡Q †h, Ab¨vb¨ `‡ji åvš— AvK¡x`v I Avg‡ji dvqQvjvKvix nÕj GB GKwU `j| †hgb Avj−vn e‡jb, XINJP/ L;S�L4M��M'M� YN/

OrLYM& SA3h�S%P/ �P�NH N� L�S�W%� M3NQ Ôhw` †Zvgiv †Kvb wel‡q wemsev` Ki, ZvnÕ‡j †m welqwU‡K wdwi‡q `vI Avj−vn I Zuvi ivm~‡ji w`‡KÕ (wbmv 4/59)| AZGe KziAvb I mybœvn&i (cÖKvk¨ A‡_©i) Abymvix‡`i Rb¨ †Kvbiƒc †dK©v m„wói AeKvk †bBÕ|

)L�T��PR M�M3L, MYN� �M) L�S�M"PQ N� �( ÔZviv ej‡jb, †mB `j †KvbwU †n Avj−vn&i ivm~j?Õ A_©vr †mB gyw³cÖvß `j †KvbwU?

)PQ�PR �M� �M-P� N=L�P7M4 M3P�L?M>N+�LY( ÔwZwb ej‡jb, Avwg I Avgvi QvnvexMY †h

ZixKvi Dc‡i AvwQ, Zvi Dc‡i hviv „p _vK‡eÕ| Gi A_©, `7� [�� Q�s� 3 ��s�4C ,� ��>?�3 =�74 �-� �� 74 I�] ,� E�1 �� 7} 10. eyLvix, gymwjg, wgkKvZ nv/5572-87|



[�� 3k ÔD³ gyw³cÖvß `jfy³ †jvK ZvivB n‡e, hviv Avgvi I Avgvi QvnvexM‡Yi wek¦vm, K_v I K‡g©i Dc‡i „p _vK‡eÕ| Gi Øviv cÖwZfvZ nq †h, ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi mybœvZ I Lyjvdv‡q iv‡k`x‡bi mybœvZ Ges Qvnvev‡q †Kiv‡gi eyS Abyhvqx KziAvb I mybœvn&i eyS nvwQj Kiv I †mg‡Z Rxeb cwiPvwjZ nIqvUvB bvRx †dK©vi †jvK‡ì cÖavb êwkó¨| †Kbbv QvnvexMY mivmwi Avj−vn&i ivm~‡ji wbKU †_‡K Øxb wk‡L‡Qb Ges Øxb m¤ú‡K© ZvivB ’vb-Kvj-cvÎ we‡ePbvq Pv¶zl Ávb jvf K‡i‡Qb| nv`x‡Q `‡ji bvg Kiv nqwb| eis Zv‡ì êwkó¨ I ¸Yvejx ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| Avi GUvB Avie‡ì evKixwZ wQj| †Kbbv AvgjUvB eo K_v, AvgjKvix bq| G¶‡Y †h mKj gywgb bi-bvix ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) I Lyjvdv‡q iv‡k`x‡bi mybœvZ Z_v KziAvb I mybœvn Abyhvqx mvwe©K Rxeb cwiPvjbvq eªZx n‡eb, ZvivB n‡eb gyw³cÖvß `‡ji Aš—f©y³| A_©vr Zviv Avj−vn&i ing‡Z ïi“‡ZB Rvbœv‡Z hv‡eb| †Kbbv KziAvb I mybœvn nÕj mij c_| GZØ¨ZxZ BRgv-wK¡qvm BZ¨vw` †mLvb †_‡K wbM©Z welqÕ| Zv KL‡bvB g~j bq ev åvwš—i AvksKvgy³ bq| Avi ÔBRgvÕ ej‡Z †Kej Qvnvev‡q †Kiv‡gi BRgv-†K eySvq| †Kbbv Bgvg Avngv` web nv¤j (int) e‡jb, X� YM4W� N,M� M��M�L!NJ)N�M+�M>WF� M�L�M+ (p�N��P] M�SKP/ Ô(QvnvexM‡Yi c‡i) †h e¨w³ (D¤§‡Zi) BRgv-Gi `vex K‡i, †m wg_¨vev`xÕ|11 bIqve wQÏxK nvmvb Lvb f~cvjx (int) gvhnvex Av‡jg‡ì hÎZÎ BRgv-i `vex m¤ú‡K© Zxeª gš—e¨ K‡i e‡jb, A\��4 E�8b� ÔGwU fqsKi dvmv` m„wóKvix welqÕ|12

bv Rx K v iv?

Gi Rev‡e ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) †_‡K wZbwU e³e¨ G‡m‡Q| GK - �M� �M-P� N=L�P7M4 M3P�L?M>N+�LY Ôhvi Dc‡i Avwg I Avgvi QvnvexMY AvwQÕ| nv‡Kg

ewY©Z ÔnvmvbÕ mb‡` G‡m‡Q, �M� �M-P� N=L�P7M4 MDL�M�X� M3P�L?M>N+�Y ÔAvR‡Ki w`‡b

11. wgiÔAvZ 1/279-80| 12. Qnxn gymwjg-Gi fvl¨MÖš’ Avm-wmivRyj IqvnnvR 1/3 c„t|

wdiK¡v bvwRqvn

15 15


Avwg I Avgvi QvnvexMY hvi Dc‡i AvwQÕ|13 A_©vr GLv‡b †Kej ZixKv I êwk‡óï K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| `yB - T�M4�M�MmX� MYN�M3 Ô†mwU nÕj

RvgvÔAvZÕ|14 hvi A_© �+�>F� �4�� ÔQvnvexM‡Yi RvgvÔAvZÕ| cÖk —

A‡_©, I�s/ �} �4�� +�>F� I3\t� #;��Z�s�+ I��8��} ;K�s)%6+ ÔQvnvexM‡Yi RvgvÔAv‡Zi AbyMvgx, Zuv‡ì AvK¡x`vmg~‡ni aviYKvix Ges Zuv‡ì ZixKvi mwbô AbymvixÕ| wZ b- S;P�L4�� S� M�W8� UCNH Ôeo `j e¨ZxZÕ|15 A_©vr eo `j e¨ZxZ †QvU `j me Rvnvbœvgx n‡e| A_P msL¨vq eo `j nIqvi †Kvb ¸i“Z¡ Bmjv‡g †bB| †Kbbv ÔAwaKvsk †jvK aviYvi AbymiY K‡i Ges Zviv AjxK Kíbvi wcQ‡b †Qv‡UÕ (AvbÔAvg 6/116)| †m KviY Qvnvev‡q †Kivg wR‡Ám Ki‡jb S� M�W8� N,M��N� PQL�S�M" �M) S;P�L4P�X� Ôeo `j †KvbwU †n Avj−vn&i ivm~jÕ? Rev‡e wZwb

ej‡jb, LYN+�M>L?P�M3 N=L�P7M4 �M-P� �M� M�7M4 PI�P] L,M� Ô†h e¨w³ Avwg I Avgvi QvnvexMY hvi Dc‡i AvwQ, Zvi Abymvix _vK‡eÕ|16 d‡j †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, ewY©Z wZbwU e³‡eï mvigg© GKUvB| Avi Zv nÕj †h `j ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) I Qvnvev‡q †Kiv‡gi AvK¡x`v I Avg‡ji Ges Zuv‡ì M„nxZ ZixKv I ixwZ-c×wZi Abymvix n‡e, †m `j nÕj †dK©v‡q bvwRqvn ev gyw³cÖvß `j| wbtm‡›`‡n Zviv nÕ‡jb ÔAvnjym mybœvn Iqvj RvgvÔAvZÕ A_©vr h_v_©fv‡eB bexi mybœvZ I QvnvexM‡Yi RvgvÔAv‡Zi Abymvix e¨w³ ev `j| G wel‡q weØvbM‡Yi wKQz e³e¨ wb‡gœ D×„Z nÕj : (1) Beby nvhg Av›`vjymx (384-456 wnt) e‡jb,

M3P�L�T[ h8� W'N� U� N\L)M, M- X\T]S%S�L; P� L�P[ X� M>j� M3 M�L, M4 M�S� L; P/ P�L�T[ X� M5 �N��N[ �P/ NJW-SKS; WF� M>M+�T� M" N�M� V� M4 L'SKL; M3 T] g[ M� L, M� P7M M- LKMmSKL; N� L, Nt M�N"� W�� N+�N�L�M, M" L1M�T�

13. nv‡Kg nv/444, 1/129 c„t; ÔgZb wbivc`Õ hCdvn nv/1035-Gi Av‡jvPbv ªóe¨

3/126 c„t; wZiwghx nv/2641; wgkKvZ nv/171| 14. Avngv` Avey vE`, wgkKvZ nv/172| 15. gymbv‡` Avex BqvÔjv nv/3944, Avjevbx mb` hCd| 16. Z¡vevivYx, Avj-gyÔRvgyj Kvexi nv/7659 mb` hCd; ˆmq~Z¡x, RvgÔDj RvIqv‡gÔ nv/569|



N� M4 P7L�NKL; Tc W; P� L�T[ X� N>N�L)N0 M3 M�L, M� N5M�SKL; N� M, X� TbPsMKNr� M! L�* P/ MmL�* NH P� M) L�N�M' P\� � M3M�N,XR M�M�N+ qNKL;N� M,X� M�M�ND N/ L�M& L%NdX� P�L"N�M3 PyL%N+MKM" �L1M�T�N� M4 P7L�NKL; –

ÔAvn‡j mybœvZ Iqvj RvgvÔAvZ- hv‡ì‡K Avgiv nKcš’x I Zv‡ì we‡ivax‡ì evwZjcš’x e‡jwQ, Zuviv nÕ‡jb (K) Qvnvev‡q †Kivg (L) Zuv‡ì Abymvix †kªô Zv‡eCMY (M) Avn‡jnv`xQMY (N) dK¡xn‡ì g‡a¨ hviv Zuv‡ì Abymvix n‡q‡Qb hy‡M hy‡M AvR‡Ki w`b ch©š— (O) Ges cÖvP¨ I cÖZx‡Pï H mKj ÔAvg RbmvaviY, hviv Zuv‡ì Abymvix n‡q‡QbÕ|17

(2) Ôeo cxiÕ e‡j L¨vZ kvqL Avãyj Kv‡ì Rxjvbx (491-561 wnt) e‡jb,

PQ�PR N�M4�M�MmX� M3 N�W'h8� T[L�P� MYNKP/ T�M�N!�W'� T�PRL%NbX� �W�P�M3 : N�W'h8� T[L�P�M3PCNH L�p;P� SKL; NHNH UCL�p;W3 N1 p�W3 S�M�P� L?M>S��X� M>N�L)N0–

ÔAZtci wdK©v bvwRqv nÕj Avn‡j mybœvZ Iqvj RvgvÔAvZ| Avi Avn‡j mybœvZ Iqvj RvgvÔAv‡Zi Ab¨ †Kvb bvg †bB GKwU bvg e¨ZxZ| †mwU nÕj ÔAvnjyj nv`xQÕ|18

(3) Bgvg Avngv` web nv¤j (164-241 wnt)-†K ÔwK¡qvgZ ch©š— nK-Gi Dc‡i GKwU `j wU‡K _vK‡eÕ g‡g© ewY©Z nv`x‡Qi e¨vL¨v Rvb‡Z

PvB‡j wZwb Ø¨_©nxb fvlvq e‡jb, NHXIU� L;M) T�L�S-L�P� L?M>M��X� M>N�L)N0P/ P* P�L�N"LqM� L,S� L;� ÔZviv hw` ÔAvn‡jnv`xQÕ bv nq| ZvnÕ‡j Avwg Rvwb bv

Zviv KvivÕ?19

17. Avjx Beby nvhg Av›`vjymx, wKZveyj wdQvj wdj wgjvj Iqvj AvnIqv Iqvb wbnvj

(êiƒZ : gvKZvev LvBqvZ¡ 1321/1903) kvniv —vbxi ÔwgjvjÕ mn 2/113 c„; wKZveyj wdQvj (êiƒZ : `vi“j KzZzwej Bjwgqvn, 2q ms¯‹iY 1420/1999) 1/371 c„t ÔBmjvgx †dK©vmg~nÕ Aa¨vq|

18. Avãyj K¡vwì Rxjvbx, wKZveyj ¸wbqvn Ii‡d ¸wbqvZzZ Z¡v‡jexb (wgmi: 1346 wnt) 1/90 c„t|

19. wZiwghx nv/2192; wgkKvZ nv/6283-Gi e¨vL¨v; dvrûj evix 13/306 c„t, nv/7311-Gi e¨vL¨v; wmjwmjv Qnxnvn nv/270; kvidz AvQnvwej nv`xQ c„t 15|

wdiK¡v bvwRqvn

17 17


(4) kvn AwjDj−vn †`njfx (1114-1176 wnt/1703-1762 L„t) e‡jb, M,N� M%MKP� �M�N+ ��L�N�M! N[M�M�X� M3 NEM�L�NsM�X� YN/ PIL3T\Nt� S;S� T�M�N!�W'� T�PRL%NbX�P

N�X� M,L�N�N+�W�� M3 N�M+�M>WF� S"L�SKL�S! N=L�P7M4 iM%M!M3 N�W'h8� M3 N��M�k Ô†dK©v‡q bvwRqvn ZvivB hviv AvK¡x`v I Avg‡ji mKj wel‡q wKZve I mybœv‡Zi cÖKvk¨ A‡_©i Ges hvi Dc‡i Rgn~i Qvnvev I Zv‡eC‡bi Avgj Rvwi Av‡Q, Zvi Abymvix n‡eÕ| ÔAvnjyj nv`xQÕ A_© nv`x‡Qi Abymvix| cvwifvwlK A‡_©, Qnxn nv`x‡Qi AbymvixÕ| wZwb gynvwÏQ weØvb nÕ‡Z cv‡ib wKsev Qnxn nv`x‡Qi Abymvix mvaviY e¨w³I nÕ‡Z cv‡ib| D³ `‡ji mv‡_ we`ÔAvZx `j mg~‡ni AvK¡x`vMZ cv_©K¨ i‡q‡Q| †hgb Avn‡jmybœvZ ev Avn‡jnv`x‡Qi wbKU cvwifvwlK A‡_© ÔCgvbÕ nÕj, S�L)N�LFW�� M�S� TI�M�L)NJX�P

N�M4�U6��N+ S�L)N�M) #NI�P]L"P�X��N+ T[M�M�X� M3 NI�M8 7��N+ S" M%XRNJX� M3 NI�M'MmX��N+ #N�W�NFL�M�X��N+ S¡TsL'M)M3 S�L%PbX� M�S� T[M�M�X� M3 T[L?P�X� M�S� TI�M�L)NJX�P k Ôü`‡q wek¦vm, gy‡L ¯xK…wZ I K‡g©

ev —evq‡bi mgwšZ bvg nÕj Cgvb| hv AvbyM‡Z¨ e„w×cÖvß nq I †Mvbv‡n n«vmcÖvß nq| wek¦vm I ¯xK…wZ nÕj g~j Ges Kg© nÕj kvLv|Õ hv bv _vK‡j c~Y© gywgb ev Bbmv‡b Kv‡gj nIqv hvq bv| Gi wecix‡Z cÖavb `yÕwU we`ÔAvZx `j nÕj Lv‡iRx I gywR©qv| Lv‡iRxMY wek¦vm, ¯xK…wZ I Kg© wZbwU‡KB Cgv‡bi g~j wnmv‡e MY¨ K‡ib| d‡j Zv‡ì g‡Z Kexiv †MvbvnMvi e¨w³ Kv‡di I wPi ’vqx Rvnvbœvgx Ges Zv‡ì i³ nvjvjÕ| hy‡M hy‡M mKj Pigcš’x åvš— gymjgvb GB g‡Zi Abymvix| GivB nhiZ Avjx (ivt)-†K Kv‡di e‡jwQj I Zuvi i³ nvjvj g‡b K‡i Zuv‡K nZ¨v K‡iwQj| Aci `yÕRb Qvnvex nhiZ Avgi Bebyj ÔAvQ I nhiZ gyÔAvweqv (ivt) G‡ì nZ¨v ZvwjKvq wQ‡jb| wKš‘ Zuviv fvM¨µ‡g †eu‡P hvb| c¶vš—‡i gywR©qvMY †Kej wek¦vm A_ev ¯xK…wZ‡K Cgv‡bi g~j wnmv‡e MY¨ K‡ib| hvi †Kvb n«vm-e„w× †bB| Zv‡ì g‡Z Avgj Cgv‡bi Ask bq| Bgvg Avey nvbxdv (int) GB gZ †cvlY K‡ib| †m KviY Zuvi Abymvix ÔnvbvdxÕ `j‡K kvqL Avãyj Kv‡ì Rxjvbx, kvniv —vbx I Ab¨vb¨ weØvbMY gywR©qv †dK©vi 12wU Dc`‡ji Ab¨Zg wnmv‡e MY¨



K‡i‡Qb|20 Zv‡ì wbKU Kexiv †MvbvnMvi e¨w³ c~Y© gywgb| AveyeKi (ivt)-Gi Cgvb I GKRb dv‡mK-Gi Cgvb mgvb| Cgv‡bi w`K w`‡q ci¯ú‡i †Kvb ZviZg¨ †bBÕ|21 Avg‡ji e¨vcv‡i mKj hy‡Mi ˆkw_jëv`x åvš— gymjgvbiv GB AvK¡x`vi Abymvix| Avi m½Z Kvi‡Y mKj hy‡M G‡ì msL¨vB †ekx| Lv‡iRx I gywR©qv yB Pigcš’x I ˆkw_jëv`x gZev‡ì gaëZx© nÕj Avn‡jnv`x‡Qi Cgvb| hv‡ì wbKU wek¦vm I ¯xK…wZ nj g~j Ges Kg© nÕj kvLv| AZGe Kexiv †MvbvnMvi e¨w³ Zv‡ì wbKU Kv‡di bq wKsev c~Y© gywgb bq, eis dv‡mK A_©vr †MvbvnMvi gywgb| Kexiv †Mvbvn †_‡K Lv‡jQ ZIev Ki‡j †m c~Y© gywgb nÕ‡Z cvi‡e| GgbwK ZIev bv K‡i gviv †M‡jI †m wPi ’vqx Rvnvbœvgx bq| e ‘Zt GUvB nÕj KziAvb I mybœvn&i AbyK~‡j|

†gvUK_v †dK©v‡q bvwRqvn ZvivB hviv wek¦vm I K‡g© ivm~j (Qvt) I Qvnvev‡q †Kiv‡gi Abymvix n‡e Ges cweÎ KziAvb I Qnxn nv`x‡Qi cÖKvk¨ A‡_©i h_v_© AvgjKvix n‡e| mv‡_ mv‡_ Rxe‡bi mKj w`K I wefvM‡K †mB Abyhvqx †X‡j mvRvevi Rb¨ P~ovš— cÖ‡Póv Ae¨vnZ ivL‡e| Avi GUvi Rb¨ †Kvb is, eY©, fvlv, AÂj ev †MvÎ kZ© bq| eis wbi‡c¶fv‡e cweÎ KziAvb I Qnxn nv`x‡Qi mwbô Abymvix nIqvUvB kZ©| Zviv c„w_exi †h‡Kvb cÖv‡š— †h‡Kvb mybœx `‡ji g‡a¨ _vK‡Z cv‡ib|

bv Rx †dK ©v i ˆ ewkó¨ :

1. Zuviv ms¯‹viK n‡eb| Avãyj−vn Beby gvmE` (ivt) n‡Z ewY©Z

ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡jb, P�M�M+ SDP*L�N� �5)N%Py W;Tc S��S�M) �5)N%Py �M�P] P�M�M+ �M+�T6P/ Nr�M+M%S�X7N�k P[�NR �M) PQ�S�M" N=U7� N,M�M3 Vr�M+M%S�X� PQ�PR: M,)N\U� PI�S>N7LFS) �M� M�M8X/P�

S��W'� k ÔBmjvg wbtm½fv‡e hvÎv ïi“ K‡iwQj| mZ¡i †mB Ae ’vq DcbxZ n‡e| AZGe mymsev` nÕj †mB AímsL¨K †jvK‡ì Rb¨|

20. wKZveyj ¸wbqvn (wgmi : 1346 wnt) 1/90 c„t; wKZveyj wgjvj (êiƒZ : `vi“j

gvÔwidvn, Zvwe) 1/146 c„t| 21. gvRg~Ô dvZvIqv Beby Zvqwgqvn 6/479 c„t|

wdiK¡v bvwRqvn

19 19


hviv Avgvi c‡i †jv‡Kiv (Bmjv‡gi) †h welq¸wj aŸsm K‡i‡Q, †m¸wj‡K cybt ms¯‹vi Ki‡eÕ|22

2. AvK¡x`vi †¶‡Î Zviv me© v cweÎ KziAvb I Qnxn nv`x‡Qi cÖKvk¨ A‡_©i Abymvix n‡eb Ges Qvnvev‡q †Kivg I mvjv‡d Qv‡jnx‡bi eyS Abyhvqx e¨vL¨v Ki‡eb| G‡¶‡Î Zviv ivqcš’x‡ì †Kvb aviYv I Kíbvi Abymvix n‡eb bv| †hgb Avj−vn e‡jb, M�S�M3 L�N�W8� S_ L�NFM5X� S%

ÔwZwb Ôme©‡kªvZv I me© ªóvÕ (k~iv 42/11)| X[M+SA M�M) NI�M�P��S8L5M� Ôeis Zuvi

`yÕwU nvZ cÖmvwiZÕ (gv‡q`vn 5/64)| SaXsP7Mt WiM�M�N+ ÔAvwg Avgvi `yÕnvZ w`‡q (gvbyl‡K) m„wó K‡iwQÕ (†Qvqv` 38/75)| G¸wji A_© †hfv‡e ewY©Z n‡q‡Q, †mfv‡eB eyS‡Z n‡e| åvš— †diKv Rvnwgqv, gyÔZvwhjv I Zv‡ì Abymvix‡ì g‡Z Avj−vn mKj cÖKvi ¸Yvejx †_‡K gy³| Zviv ÔAvj−vn&i nvZÕ A_© K‡ib, Zuvi Kz iZ I †bÔgZ, Ô†PnvivÕ A_© K‡ib mËv ev QIqve BZ¨vw`| A_P mwVK AvK¡x`v GB †h, Avj−vn Aek¨B bvg I ¸Yhy³ mËv| Z‡e Zv Kvi“ mv‡_ Zzjbxq bq| wZwb †kv‡bb I †`‡Lb| wKš‘ †mUv wKfv‡e, Zv Rvbv hv‡e bv| †Kbbv Zuvi mËv I ¸Yvejx ev›`vi mËv I ¸Yvejxi mv‡_ Zzjbxq bq| wfwWI K¨v‡giv gvby‡li K_v I Qwe aviY K‡i| Zvi Kvb I †PvL Av‡Q| wKš‘ Zv A‡bï mv‡_ Zzjbxq bq| cweÎ KziAvb I Qnxn nv`xQ mg~‡n Avj−vn&i nvZ, Av½yj, cv‡qi bjv, †Pnviv, P¶z, K_v ejv, Avi‡k Ae ’vb, wbgœ AvKv‡k AeZiY, wK¡qvg‡Zi w`b gywgb‡ì `k©b `vb BZ¨vw` A‡bK wel‡q ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ Zvi aib gvby‡li ARvbv| AZGe GmeB cÖKvk¨ A‡_© wek¦vm Ki‡Z n‡e †Kvbiƒc cwieZ©b, k~b¨KiY, cÖK…wZ

wba©viY, ZzjbvKiY ev Avj−vn&i Dc‡i b¨ —KiY ) [�6��3 �)%� xy ,��3�)�b�3 [��¢3 ��( QvovB| †hgb Avj−vn e‡jb, S,M�L1W%� �P7M4

N£L%M�X� qM�M�L� Ô`qvgq (Avj−vn) Avi‡ki Dci mgybœxZÕ (†Z¡vqvnv 20/5)|

GLv‡b qM�M�L� -Gi A_© Avgv‡ì Rvbv| wKš‘ wKfv‡e Avj−vn Avi‡k

22. Avngv` nv/16736; wgkKvZ, nv/159, 170; Qnxnvn nv/1273|



Ae ’vb K‡ib, †mUv Avgv‡ì ARvbv| G‡¶‡Î †Kej cÖKvk¨ A‡_© wek¦vm Ki‡Z n‡e| †Kvbiƒc ~iZg e¨vL¨v ev Kíbv Kiv hv‡e bv| Bgvg gv‡jK (int)-†K G wel‡q wR‡Ám Kiv nÕ‡j wZwb e‡jb,

P X�NJL�N�M�Vr M�L�T7L�pD M3X� P�L�S� M�LmSKlQ� M3X� NJL)M�TI� N+N= M3N! p M3h8� M9TQ M4L'S= L�N+l�M4 ÔAvi‡ki Dci mgybœxZ K_vwUi A_© mywew`Z| wKš‘ wKfv‡e †mUv Awew`Z| AZGe Gi Dci Cgvb Avbv IqvwRe Ges G wel‡q cÖkœ Kiv

we`ÔAvZÕ|23 Avj−vn e‡jb, M�S�M3 L;T�M�M� M,L)P� �M� L;S�L'T] ÔwZwb †Zvgv‡ì mv‡_ Av‡Qb, †hLv‡bB †Zvgiv _vK bv †KbÕ (nv`x` 57/4)| wZwb g~mv I nviƒY‡K ej‡jb, W-NHYN' �M�T�M�M� S_M�L�P� qM"P�M3 ÔwbðqB Avwg †Zvgv‡ì mv‡_ AvwQ| Avwg mewKQz †`LwQ I ïbwQÕ (†Z¡vqvnv 20/46)| wZwb mv‡_ Av‡Qb, K_vwU cwi®‹vi| Gi A_© eySvi Rb¨ Avj−vn&i Dc‡i b¨ — Kivi cÖ‡qvRb †bB| †Kbbv Avieiv hv ey‡S, †mB fvlvq KziAvb bvwhj n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ wKfv‡e wZwb ev›`vi m‡½ _v‡Kb, †m wel‡q Giƒc KvíwbK K_v ejv hv‡e bv †h, Zuvi Avik ev›`vi Kj‡e _v‡K ev ev›`v Avj−vn&i mËvi Ask wKsev AvZ¥vq AvZ¥vq wgwjZ n‡q cigvZ¥vq jxb n‡q hv‡e, wZwb wbivKvi I wbM©~Y mËv, wZwb me©Î weivRgvb BZ¨vw`| †Kbbv wZwb Avi‡k _v‡Kb, hv mvZ Avmgv‡bi Dc‡i mgybœxZ, hv wewfbœ AvqvZ Øviv cÖgvwYZ| AZGe Gi A_© nÕj GB †h, Avj−vn ¯xq Bj‡gi gva¨‡g ev›`vi mv‡_ _v‡Kb| Zuvi Ávb I kw³ me©Î weivRgvb| wZwb mewKQzi Dc‡i ¶gZvkvjx| wZwb ev›`vi me K_v †kv‡bb I †`‡Lb|

M¤L�P� N=N7X�N�P] ¥rLYM& M�S�M3 S_�N�W8� SxNFM5X� ÔAvj−vn Zzjbxq wKQzB †bB| wZwb mewKQz †kv‡bb I †`‡LbÕ (k~iv 42/11)| wZwb ev›`vi †ndvhZ K‡ib I Zv‡K mvnvh¨ K‡ib| Gfv‡e gvbyl hLb Rvb‡e †h, Avj−vn GK I AwØZxq| Zuvi †Kvb kixK †bB| wZwb me© v Avi‡k Ae ’vb K‡ib, ZLb ev›`v me© v †Kej ZuviB gyLv‡c¶x _vK‡e| †Kej ZuviB Bev`Z Ki‡e Ges Zuvi mv‡_ KvD‡K kixK Ki‡e bv| ev›`v hLb Rvb‡e †h, Avj−vn GKgvÎ iƒhx`vZv, ZLb †m iƒhx wb‡q wPwš—Z n‡e bv| hLb †m Rvb‡e †h, Avj−vn me©‡kªvZv I 23. kvniv —vbx, Avj wgjvj 1/93 c„t|

wdiK¡v bvwRqvn

21 21


me© ªóv, ZLb †m Ab¨vq Kv‡R fxZ n‡e Ges †bKxi Kv‡R Drmvnx n‡e| hLb †m Rvb‡e Avj−vn nvqvZ I gD‡Zi gvwjK, wZwb mš—vb `vZv Ges †ivM I Av‡ivM¨`vZv, ZLb †m Gme welq wb‡q A‡nZzK `ywðš—vq fyM‡e bv| hLb gvbyl Rvb‡e †h, Avj−vn ¶gvkxj I `qvevb, ZLb †m cvc K‡i nZvk n‡e bv| eis AbyZß n‡q ZIev K‡i fv‡jv nIqvi †Póv Ki‡e| Gfv‡e gvbyl hLb Avj−vn&i bvg I ¸Yvejx m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡e, ZLb †m mwVKfv‡e Zvi Rxeb‡K M‡o Zzj‡e| bB‡j †h †Kvb mg‡q Zvi c`öjb NU‡e| e ‘Zt AwaKvsk evwZj †diKvi Rb¥ n‡q‡Q ZvInx‡` Avmgv Iqv wQdvZ m¤ú‡K© AÁZvi Kvi‡Y| Avj−vn Avgv‡ì‡K †ndvhZ Ki“b- Avgxb! 3. hviv RvgvÔAvZe×fv‡e Avj−vn&i iv —vq msMÖvg K‡ib| Avj−vn e‡jb,

NHUI �� hN>S) M,)N\U� PI�T7N��PsS) YN/ N=N7�N5M� �¦bM? L;SKW-P�P] lI�M�L'S+ p��S?L%M� ÔwbðqB Avj−vn fvjev‡mb Hme †jvK‡ì, hviv Avj−vn&i iv —vq msMÖvg K‡i mvwie×fv‡e mxmvXvjv cÖvPx‡ii b¨vqÕ (Qd 61/4)| Beby Igi (ivt) n‡Z ewY©Z ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡jb, L,M� M� M"P� P�M1�S5L>S+ N�W'MmX� NDM�X7M�X7P/ P�M4�M�MmX� Ô†h e¨w³ Rvbœv‡Zi ga¨ ’‡j _vK‡Z Pvq, †m †hb RvgvÔAvZ‡K Acwinvh© K‡i †bqÕ|24 4. hviv Kzdi I Kzdix kw³i wei“‡× K‡Vvi I kw³kvjx _v‡Kb Ges wb‡R‡ì g‡a¨ me© v ingw`j _v‡Kb| Avj−vn e‡jb, p�W�M>S� M"TQ�S� N�

M,)N\U� M3 S=M�M� Vr W�N&P� �P7M4 N"�UbT�X� Vr�M�M1S" L;SKM'L�M+ L;S� M%M� ��U]S" ��WmS� PI�S�M�L5M) �7L�P/ M,N� N� ��- M�L�N"M3 L;S��M��N� YN/ L;NKN��S!S3 L,N� N%PcP� N��Smh8� Ôgynv¤§v`

Avj−vn&i ivm~j Ges hviv Zvi mv_x, Zviv Awek¦vmx‡ì wei“‡× K‡Vvi I wb‡R‡ì g‡a¨ mnggx©| Avj−vn&i AbyMÖn I mš‘wó Kvgbvq Zzwg Zv‡ì‡K me© v i“K‚Kvix I wmR`vKvix †`L‡Z cv‡e| Zv‡ì Kcv‡j wmR`vi wPý †`L‡Z cv‡eÕ (dvrn 48/29)| wZwb e‡jb, 3h�N4P�M3 L;SKP� �M�

L;S�L�P6M�L� L,N� OEW�TR L,N�M3 N��M+N" MoX� N[L� PI�S5N�L%S� N=N+ W3S�M4 N� L;T]W3S�M4M3 M,)N%Mt@M3 L,N� L;NKN-3S� PC S;SKM-�S�P7L�M� V� L;SKS�P7L�M) Ô†Zvgiv Awek¦vmx‡ì gyKvwejvq

24. wZiwghx nv/2165|



h_vmva¨ kw³ I m`v cÖ ‘Z Ak¦evwnbx cÖ ‘Z iv‡Lv| hØviv †Zvgiv Avj−vn&i kÎ“ I †Zvgv‡ì kÎ“‡ì fxZ Ki‡e Ges GQvovI Ab¨‡ì, hv‡ì‡K †Zvgiv Rv‡bvbv| wKš‘ Avj−vn Rv‡bbÕ (Avbdvj 8/60)| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡jb, S,N�L9S�X� hqN�PsX� p%L�Mt hM1P�M3 �P�NH N� M,N� N,N�L9S�X� N��N�W�� Ôkw³kvjx gywgb `ye©j gywg‡bi PvB‡Z DËg I Avj−vn&i AwaK wcÖq ye©j gywg‡bi PvB‡ZÕ|25 Avi GwU †Kej ˆ`wnK kw³ bq| eis gvbwmK I mvsMVwbK kw³B eo kw³| †mB mv‡_ _vK‡e hy‡Mvc‡hvMx êlwqK kw³|

5 . Zuviv †h‡Kvb g~‡j¨ mybœvZ‡K AuvK‡o _v‡Kb|

Avãyj−vn Beby gvmE` (ivt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Gikv` K‡ib, NHUI N�L, M3M"NZ T�L; M�M�PI� M?L5O% N�X7S�M�M�j8N N/L�N= P�L!S% MtL�N8L�M, M&NKL�� j�L'T�L;k

Ô†Zvgv‡ì c‡i Ggb GKUv KwVb mgq Avm‡Q, hLb mybœvZ‡K „pfv‡e aviYKvix e¨w³ †Zvgv‡ì ga¨Kvi cÂvk Rb knx‡ì mgvb †bKx cv‡eÕ|26

6 . Zviv me©ve ’vq mg‡eZfv‡e nvejyj−vn‡K aviY K‡i _v‡Kb Ges KL‡bvB †mLvb †_‡K wew”Qbœ nb bv|

Avj−vn e‡jb, �S�NFM�L4 M3 N[L5M>N+ N� ��N�M! W3PC �TRW%PbM� Ô†Zvgiv mK‡j mg‡eZfv‡e Avj−vn&i i¾y‡K aviY K‡iv Ges †Zvgiv wew”Qbœ n‡qv bvÕ (Av‡j Bgivb 3/103)|

byÔgvb web evkxi (ivt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Gikv` K‡ib,

T�M4�M�MmX� M"l�M�L1 T�PRL%TbX� M3 p� P\M4 ÔRvgvÔAvZe× Rxeb nÕj ingZ Ges wew”Qbœ Rxeb nÕj AvhveÕ|27 Ônvejyj−vnÕ nÕj KziAvb I Zvi e¨vL¨v nv`xQ| hZ¶Y †Kvb msMV‡b GB yÕwUi m‡e©v”P AMÖvwaKvi _vK‡e Ges Zv h_v_©fv‡e Abym„Z n‡e, ZZ¶Y D³ msMV‡bi mv‡_ RvgvÔAvZe× _vKv dih| D¤§yj ûQv‡qb 25. gymwjg nv/2664; wgkKvZ nv/5298| 26. Z¡vevivYx Kvexi nv/10240; Qnxûj Rv‡gÔ nv/2234| 27. Avngv` nv/18472; Qnxnvn nv/667|

wdiK¡v bvwRqvn

23 23


(ivt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡jb, XINH M%j�T� L;T�L�P7M4 p�L5M4 p�W�MmS� S�M�L�P� L;T]S��TsM) N��M�N�N+ N� �P��M�M� �S�M�L��P/ S=P� �S��N�P�M3 Ôhw` †Zvgv‡ì Dci

GKRb bvK-Kvb KvUv K…òKvq †Mvjvg‡KI Avgxi wbhy³ Kiv nq, hw` wZwb †Zvgv‡ì‡K Avj−vn&i wKZve Abyhvqx cwiPvwjZ K‡ib, ZvnÕ‡j †Zvgiv Zvi K_v †kvb I Zvi AvbyMZ¨ KiÕ|28 Avey ûivqiv (ivt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡jb, L,M� N_N6S) MxN�� L�PsP/ �N'M4�P�P� L,M�M3 N¡L�M)

MxN�� L�PsP/ �N-�MFM4 Ô†h e¨w³ Avgx‡ii AvbyMZ¨ Kij, †m Avgvi AvbyMZ¨ Kij| Avi †h e¨w³ Avgx‡ii Aeva¨Zv Kij, †m Avgvi Aeva¨Zv KijÕ|29 wZwb e‡jb, Ô†Zvgiv mva¨gZ Avgx‡ii K_v †kvb I gvb¨ KiÕ| hw` Avgx‡ii †Kvb welq Acm›`bxq g‡b Ki, ZvnÕ‡j Zv‡Z Qei Ki| †Kbbv †h e¨w³ RvgvÔAvZ †_‡K GK weNZ †ewi‡q †Mj I g„Zz eiY Kij, †m Rv‡nwjqv‡Zi Dci g„Zz eiY KijÕ|30 GB Avgxi bvRx †dK©vi Avgxi nÕ‡Z cv‡ib wKsev †`‡ki kvmK nÕ‡Z cv‡ib| msMV‡bi Avgxi Bmjvgx `Êwewa Rvwi Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv| wKš‘ kvmK †mUv K‡ib| Dfq Ae ’vq AvbyMZ¨ Acwinvh©| AZGe hviv Vyb‡Kv ARynv‡Z `j fv‡½b I `j M‡ob, Zviv Avj−vn&i i¾yavix _v‡Kb bv eis kqZv‡bi i¾yavix n‡q hvb| 7. †jv‡Kiv †Q‡o †M‡jI Ges cwiw ’wZ weiƒc n‡jI hviv nvejyj−vn‡K gheyZfv‡e aviY K‡i _v‡Kb| GgZve ’vq Zviv Avj−vn&i Mv‡qex g`` †c‡q _v‡Kb|

Avj−vn e‡jb, NHUI M,)N\U� �T��PR �M'h+M" V� W;Tc �S��PsM�L� M'M�M�TQW� S;NKL�P7M4 P*M�X� T�P�NZ UCP� �T/�MoM� PCM3 �S-M�L>M� 3S%N L+P�M3 N�W'MmX��N+ YN�U� L;S�L'T] PI3S�M4�S� Ôhviv e‡j Avgv‡ì

cÖwZcvjK Avj−vn| AZtci D³ K_vi Dci `„p _v‡K, Zv‡ì Dci †d‡ikZvMY AeZxY© nq GB e‡j †h, †Zvgiv fxZ n‡qv bv, wPš—vwšZ n‡qv bv| †Zvgiv Rvbœv‡Zi mymsev` MÖnY Ki, hvi Iqv`v †Zvgv‡ì‡K †`qv n‡q‡QÕ (nv-gxg mvR`vn 41/30)|

28. gymwjg, wgkKvZ nv/3662 Ô†bZ…Z¡ I wePviÕ Aa¨vq| 29. eyLvix, gymwjg, wgkKvZ nv/3661| 30. eyLvix, gymwjg, wgkKvZ nv/3667-68|



Dc‡iv³ Av‡jvPbvq ¯úó n‡q †M‡Q †h, bvRx †diKv nÕj `yÕwU :

(1) Qvnvex, Zv‡eC I Zv‡e Zv‡eCM‡Yi `j| Avj−vn e‡jb, PI�TsN+�W8� M3 PI�T�W3P�X� M,N� M,)N%N!�MKS�X� N"�MFL-P�X� M3 M,)N\U� M3 L;S��S�M5W� OI�M8L1NJN+ MYN�M" V� L;SKL'M4

�S�M"M3 S=L'M4 ÔCgvb Avbq‡b AMÖeZx© gynvwRi I AvbQviMY Ges hviv wbôvi mv‡_ Zv‡ì Abymvix n‡q‡Q, Avj−vn Zv‡ì Dci Lykx n‡q‡Qb Ges ZvivI Avj−vn&i Dci Lykx n‡q‡QÕ (ZIev 9/100)| Bgivb web ûQv‡qb (ivt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Gikv` K‡ib,

S%L�Mt �N�W�T� �N-L%PR W;Tc M,)N\U� L;SKM-�T7M) W;Tc M,)N\U� L;SKM-�T7M) ÔAvgvi D¤§‡Zi †kªô nÕj Avgvi hy‡Mi †jvK (A_©vr QvnvexM‡Yi hyM)| AZtci ZrcieZx© hy‡Mi †jvK (A_©vr Zv‡eCM‡Yi hyM)| AZtci ZrcieZx© hy‡Mi †jvK (A_©vr Zv‡e Zv‡eCM‡Yi hyM)Õ|31

(2) hy‡M hy‡M ÔAvn‡jnv`xQÕ-Gi `j| hviv Qvnvev‡q †Kivg I mvjv‡d Qv‡jnx‡bi eyS Abyhvqx kixÔAv‡Zi e¨vL¨v K‡ib I mvwe©K Rxe‡b Zvi Abymvix _v‡Kb| wK¡qvg‡Zi cÖv°vj Aewa GB `‡ji Aw —Z¡ _vK‡e|

QIevb (ivt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) D³ nKcš’x `j m¤ú‡K© fwel¨ØvYx K‡i e‡jb,

PC M� M�TQ P� NZ�Pb�l� N� L, T� W�N� P� �N��N%L)M, M4 P7 X� �M>j� PC M) S�h%S�L; M� L, Mt P\P�SKL; M1 �W� �M)X�N�M�P� L�S%N� M3 S� L;P] P\N� Mk

ÔwPiw`b Avgvi D¤§‡Zi g‡a¨ GKwU `j n‡Ki Dc‡i weRqx _vK‡e| cwiZ¨vMKvixiv Zv‡ì †Kvb ¶wZ Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv GgZve ’vq wK¡qvgZ G‡m hv‡e, A_P Zviv Hfv‡e _vK‡eÕ|32

Ab¨ eY©bvq G‡m‡Q PC L;S�h%S�M) L,M� L;SKPbP��Mt ÔZv‡ì we‡ivwaZvKvixiv Zv‡ì †Kvb ¶wZ Ki‡Z cvi‡e bvÕ|33 Bgivb web ûQv‡qb (ivt) †_‡K 31. gyËvdvK¡ AvjvBn, wgkKvZ nv/6000-01 ÔQvnvexM‡Yi gh©v`vÕ Aby‡”Q`| 32. Qnxn gymwjg ÔBgviZÕ Aa¨vq-33, Aby‡”Q`-53, nv/1920; AÎ nv`x‡Qi e¨vL¨v `ªt

H, †`De›` Qvcv kin beex 2/143 c„t; eyLvix, dvrûj evix nv/71 ÔBj&gÕ Aa¨vq I nv/7311-Gi fvl¨ ÔwKZve I mybœvn‡K AuvK‡o aivÕ Aa¨vq; Avjevbx, wmjwmjv Qnxnvn nv/270-Gi e¨vL¨v|

wdiK¡v bvwRqvn

25 25


Ab¨ eY©bvq G‡m‡Q, PC TQ M�M� l�PbNZ�P� L,N� �N�W�T� PI�T7N��PsS) �P7M4 j�M>X� P�M,)N%N�� P7M4 L,M� L;S�P�M3�M- �W�M1 P[N��PsS) S;S�S%Nt@ Mu�N8M�X� PQ�W!W�� ÔAvgvi D¤§‡Zi

GKwU `j me© v nK-Gi Dci jovB Ki‡e| Zviv Zv‡ì kÎ“‡ì Dci weRqx _vK‡e| Zv‡ì †kl `jwU `v¾v‡ji wei“‡× hy× Ki‡eÕ|34 we`ÔAvZx‡ì wecix‡Z Zviv me© v ÔAvnjyj nv`xQÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ n‡eb| Qvnvev‡q †Kivg ÔAvnjyj nv`xQÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ wQ‡jb| Qvnvex Avey mvC` Ly ix (ivt) gymwjg hyeK‡ì ÔgvinvevÕ Rvwb‡q ej‡Zb

P/NJW-T�L;St T7L�T/M'M3 �P�L�T[X� M>N�L)N0M+ L�M�M-� Ô†ZvgivB Avgv‡ì cieZx© eskai I †ZvgivB Avgv‡ì cieZx© Avnjyj nv`xQÕ|35 L¨vZbvgv Zv‡eC Bgvg kvÔex (22-104 wnt) Qvnvev‡q †Kiv‡gi RvgvÔAvZ‡K ÔAvnjyj nv`xQÕ ej‡Zb|36 Avjx Bebyj gv`xbx e‡jb, Zviv n‡jb Avnjyj nv`xQÕ|37 Bgvg Avngv` web nv¤j (int) e‡jb, N0L)N�M>X� M��M>L?P� L�S-L�T�M) L;U� XINH� L;S� L,M� LqN"L�P� P*P/ ÔZviv hw` Avn‡jnv`xQ bv nq, Zvn‡j Avwg Rvwbbv

Zviv Kviv?Õ|38 Avãyj Kv‡ì Rxjvbx e‡jb, p�N1 W3 p;L�NH UCNH L;SKP� M;L�NH PCN0L)N�M>X� S��M>L?P� M�S�M3 Avn‡j mybœvZ Iqvj RvgvÔAv‡Zi Ab¨ †Kvb bvg †bB ÔAvnjyj nv`xQÕ e¨ZxZÕ|39 Avn‡jmybœvZ Iqvj RvgvÔAv‡Zi mKj cÖwm× Bgvg, we‡kl K‡i Pvi Bgv‡gi cÖ‡Z¨‡K Qnxn nv`xQ‡K Zv‡ì gvhnve wnmv‡e †NvlYv K‡i e‡j‡Qb, NHP�M? WuX� M>N�L)T0P/ SKM�M� X\S5��M' ÔhLb Qnxn nv`xQ cv‡e, †R‡bv †mUvB Avgv‡ì gvhnveÕ|40 AZGe me©‡¶‡Î 33. gyËvdvK¡ AvjvBn, wgkKvZ nv/6276; Avey vE` nv/4252| 34. Avey vE` nv/2484; wgkKvZ nv/3819 ÔwRnv`Õ Aa¨vq| 35. LZ¡xe evM`v`x, kvidz AvQnvwej nv`xQ c„t 12; nv‡Kg 1/88 c„t; wmjwmjv Qnxnvn

nv/280| 36. hvnvex, Zvh‡KivZzj ûddvh (êiƒZ t `vi“j KzZzwej Bjwgqvn, Zvwe) 1/83 c„t| 37. wZiwghx nv/2192; Qnxûj Rv‡gÔ nv/702; wgkKvZ nv/6283| 38. wZiwghx nv/2192; wgkKvZ nv/6283-Gi e¨vL¨v; dvrûj evix 13/306 nv/7311-

Gi e¨vL¨v; wmjwmjv Qnxnvn nv/270-Gi e¨vL¨v; kvid 15| 39. wKZveyj ¸wbqvn 1/90| 40. kvÔivbx, wKZveyj gxhvb (w`j−x : 1286 wnt) 1/73 c„t|



cweÎ KziAvb, Qnxn nv`xQ Ges Qvnvev‡q †Kivg I mvjv‡d Qv‡jnx‡bi eyS Abyhvqx Rxeb cwiPvjbvKvix e¨w³B gvÎ ÔAvnjyj nv`xQÕ e‡j AwfwnZ n‡eb| Ab¨ †KD bq| AvK¡x`vi †¶‡Î Zviv KL‡bvB Pigcš’x ev ˆkw_jëv`x n‡eb bv| eis Zviv me© v ga¨cš’x n‡eb| bexM‡Yi ZixKv Abyhvqx gvby‡li AvK¡x`v I Avg‡ji ms‡kva‡bi gva¨‡g mgv‡Ri mvwe©K ms¯‹vi mvab Zv‡ì Kvg¨ n‡e| Avj−vn I Zuvi ivm~‡ji we‡ivax‡ì Zviv fvjevm‡eb bv Ges Avj−vn&i fv‡jvevmvi E‡aŸ© Zviv Ab¨ Kvi“ fv‡jvevmv‡K ’vb w`‡eb bv (gyRv`vjvn 58/22)| Zviv †Kej Avj−vn&i Rb¨ gvbyl‡K fvjev‡mb I Avj−vn&i Rb¨B gvby‡li mv‡_ we‡Øl K‡ib|41 Avn‡jnv`x‡Qi Dc‡iv³ êwkó¨ mg~‡ni Kvi‡Y Zv‡ì cÖksmvq Bgvg kv‡dC (int) e‡jb, L;NKN-�M�M� YN/ N�M+�M>W8��P] OI�M�M� [T] YN/ N0L)N�M>X� T[L�P� cÖ‡Z¨K hvgvbvq Avn‡jnv`xQMY n‡jb †mB hvgvbvi Rb¨ †gN m`„k|Õ wZwb ej‡Zb, SaL)P�M" LYj-P�P�P/ O0L)N�M1 MN1�M? SaL)P�M" P�NH N��M>L?P� L,N� ��M1P�

N� NQ�S�M"�U7M? V� N=L�P7M4 M;U7M�M3�M1 ¦� ÔAvwg hLb †Kvb Avnjyj nv`xQ‡K †`wL, ZLb †hb Avwg ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi †Kvb Qvnvex‡K Rxeš— †`wLÕ|42 Bgvg Beby Zvqwgqvn (int) e‡jb, N0L)N�M>X� T[L�P�N/L�P� L�N[X� NJL�P*NDP] P�L�N[

X� NJL�P*NDL�N/ P� L�N[X� N�P7N[ Ôgymwjg D¤§vn&i g‡a¨ Avn‡jnv`x‡Qi gh©v`v Abyiƒc, †hgb mKj RvwZi g‡a¨ gymjgvb‡ì gh©v`vÕ|43 D‡j−L¨ †h, hviv Dc‡iv³ êwkó¨ mg~n †_‡K wePz Z nq, Zviv Avnjyj nv`xQ ev Avnjym mybœvn bq| gy‡L hZ `vexB Zviv Ki“K bv †Kb| †hgb Kziv‡qkiv wb‡R‡ì‡K ÔAvnjyj−vnÕ e‡j `vex Ki‡jI Zviv Zv wQjbv| eis cÖK…Z Avnjyj−vn wQ‡jb ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) I Zuvi mv_x gymjgvbMY| hwÌ Zviv ivm~j (Qvt)-†K ÔQv‡eCÕ (ag©Z¨vMx) I ÔRvgvÔAvZ wef³KvixÕ ejZ|44

41. Z¡vevivYx, Qnxnvn nv/998| 42. wKZveyj gxhvb 1/65-66; LZxe evM`v`x, kvidz AvQnvwej nv`xQ c„t 26| 43. wgbnvRym mybœvn (êiƒZ t vi“j KzZzwej Bjwgqvn, Zvwe) 2/179 c„t| 44. mxiv‡Z Be‡b wnkvg 1/267; Avngv` nv/16069|

wdiK¡v bvwRqvn

27 27


dv ‡ q `v : Qv‡n‡e wgiK¡vZ †gvj−v Avjx K¡vix nvbvdx (g„t 1014 wnt) �M�LYN+�M>L?P�M3 N=L�P7M4 �M-P� -Gi e¨vL¨vq e‡jb, P*P/ W M& PCM3 ML)M" L;SKW-P� L;S� T[L�P�

N�W'h8� #N�M4�M�MmX� M3 P[�NRM3 :UINJP/ M N�P� S�M%L�S) #N��M�L!NJX��N+ �M�P/ M_M�L!P� N=L�P7M4 Vr�M�P7S4 P*L�NJX� ND M�SKP/ §�M1 �M�M3 SA M�M4M�SKP/ M+l[N�� Ôwbtm‡›`‡n Zviv Avn‡j mybœvZ

Iqvj RvgvÔAvZ| ejv n‡q‡Q †h, †mUv †Pbv hv‡e BRgv-Gi gva¨‡g| AZGe †h wel‡qi Dc‡i Ijvgv‡q Bmjv‡gi BRgv ev HK¨gZ n‡q‡Q, †mUvB nK| Avi hv Zvi evB‡i Zv evwZjÕ| GB e³e¨ Aek¨B e¨vL¨v mv‡c¶| †Kbbv we`ÔAvZx Av‡jgivI wb‡R‡ì‡K Ijvgv‡q Bmjv‡gi Aš—f©y³ e‡j `vex K‡ib Ges wb‡R‡ì‡K Avn‡j mybœvZ Iqvj RvgvÔAvZ e‡jb| eis mKj hy‡M G‡ì msL¨vB †ekx| AZtci Qv‡n‡e wgiK¡vZ e‡jb,

T�PRL%NbX� M3 T�M�N!�W'� L;S� T[L�P� N�W'h8� Nr�M�L�M5X� N�W)N�W�M>S�X� N�Ps)N%U6� M3 N�W�NsW'� #N�W)N�M�L1P�X� �MKP�M3 p%N��P� MYj�S� N�M�)N%W ��N+ �M4L%N& #N�W��M�X7N� p,N��M+M3 MYj�S� N�Ps)N%U6��N+ ��!�MKL'N�

N�W?�MoX7N� P*StM3l�M? LaWFSt N;L��N+ N�Ps�NsM>X� ��! M%L�N� j¡MtP�N� #N�W?�MoX� TQW3P�X��P/ S�NFM- NI M�L+P�X� M,N� NoX� #N�M�L� YN-�U�� M3 S�NFM- N��T7TsX� M,N� N;X7N�X� N�P/N%L�M�X� M3# T0N��U�� M3 S�NFM- N M3L"P�X� M,N� NEM�M��M S�X� N�M)L.h%� M3. PQ�PR hiN%L�M TsX� :T�M�)N%W � M3 p%L�P� ND M�N�X��N+ N�W)N��S5S�X� T�Ps�NsM>X� M3 TEM�M��M S� N�W�N+�S+h%� # g[T�P/ O�M�)N%M& S%L�Py OEM�W)M9S� N�Ps�NsM>X��N+ S%L�M�P/ #OQ�S5XsM� g[T]M3 O�Ps�NsM1 S%L�Py OEM�W�PsS� N�M�)N%W ��N+ S%L�M�P/ OQ�SFL>M� .T�M�)N%W ��P/ pD�M�NR �M�N+ M%N�T� T�Ps�NsM>X� M3 p��SKS& �M�N� MYN�TR M"j�TRM3 MYNbLtT�M3 M%NKX�T�M3 k) �R%� E©/«¬(k

Ô†dK©v‡q bvwRqvn nÕj Avn‡j mybœvZ `j| hvi GKwU evwn¨K w`K Av‡Q| hvi bvg ÔkixÔAvZÕ| hv mvaviY gvby‡li Rb¨ cÖ Ë weavb| Zvi GKwU ev‡Zbx w`K Av‡Q, hvi bvg ÔZixKZÕ, hv LvQ †jvK‡ì Rb¨ cÖ Ë cš’v| Avi GKwU mvie ‘ i‡q‡Q hvi bvg ÔnvKxKZÕ| hv nÕj LvQ †jvK‡ì ga¨Kvi LvQ e¨w³M‡Yi Rb¨ wgÔivR m „k| G¶‡Y cÖ_gwU nÕj †`‡ni Ask, hv Zvi wµqvK‡g©i Øviv AwR©Z nq| wØZxqwU nÕj Kj‡ei Ask, hv Bjg I gvÔ‡idZ Z_v Ávb I Aš— ©„wói gva¨‡g



AwR©Z nq| Z…ZxqwU nÕj iƒ‡ni Ask, hv gykvnv`vn ev Pv¶zl `k©‡bi gva¨‡g AwR©Z nq| Kzkvqix e‡jb, kixÔAvZ nÕj De~w`qvZ A_©vr Avj−vn&i `vmZ¡‡K Keyj K‡i †bIqvi welq| nvKxKZ nÕj i“e~weqvZ‡K `k©‡bi welq| G¶‡Y cÖ‡Z¨K kixÔAvZ hv nvKxKZ Øviv kw³K…Z bq, Zv MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq| Abyiƒcfv‡e cÖ‡Z¨K nvKxKZ hv kixÔAv‡Zi weavbhy³ bq, Zv djejnxb| AZGe kixÔAvZ nÕj Avw`ó welq cvjb Kivi bvg Ges nvKxKZ nÕj K¡vhv I K¡ i Z_v ZvK`x‡i wba©vwiZ †Mvcb I cÖKvk¨ welq mg~n Pv¶zl `k©‡bi bvgÕ|45

Dc‡iv³ e³e¨¸wj †mªd aviYv wbf©i e¨vL¨v gvÎ, hv †Kvb `jx‡ji Dci wfwËkxj bq| †Kbbv nv`x‡Q wReªx‡j Bnmvb-Gi e¨vL¨vq AZ¨š— mnR I my›ìfv‡e Avj−vn&i ivm~j (Qvt) e‡j‡Qb, XIP� M�S5L�M� �� M W-P�P]

#SA M%M� XINJP/ L;P� L,T�M� SA M%M� S=W-NJP/ M{ M%M) ÔZzwg Avj−vn&i Bev`Z Ki Ggbfv‡e †hb Zzwg Zuv‡K †`L‡Z cv”Q| Avi hw` Zzwg Zuv‡K †`L‡Z bv cvI, Zvn‡j Ggbfv‡e Bev`Z Ki †hb wZwb †Zvgv‡K †`L‡QbÕ|46 Gi Øviv wZwb eySv‡Z †P‡q‡Qb †h, †Zvgiv Mfxi g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q I c~Y© Aš— „©wó wb‡q Bev`‡Z iZ nI †hb Avj−vn †Zvgvi mewKQz †`L‡Qb| AZGe fxZ-mš¿ — I kª×vfiv AvKzwZ wb‡q †n gyQj−x! Zzwg Qvjv‡Z g‡bvwb‡ek Ki| GB g‡bvwb‡ek mvaviY-AmvaviY gyQj−x wbwe©‡k‡l mevi g‡a¨ hv‡Z mgvbfv‡e m„wó nq, †mw`‡K Avj−vn&i ivm~j (Qvt) Avgv‡ì‡K DØy× K‡i‡Qb| hwÌ mevi Rb¨ me©ve ’vq Zv m¤¢e nq bv| Avi Gi d‡jB Avj−vn&i wbK‡U gyQj−x‡ì —i‡f` m„wó nq| wKš‘ Bnmvb-Gi GB —i nvwQj Kivi Rb¨ QvjvZ e¨ZxZ c„_K †Kvb gvÔ‡idZx ZixKv ev c×wZ ivm~j (Qvt) Pvjy K‡i hvbwb| hv Qvnvex I Zv‡eCM‡Yi ¯Y© hy‡Mi ci åóZvi hy‡M Kw_Z Q~dx I cxi-AvDwjqv‡ì gva¨‡g Pvjy n‡q‡Q Ges hv eZ©gv‡b Kv‡`wiqv, wPkwZqv, bKke›`xqv I gyR‡Ïw`qv bv‡g cÖavb PviwU ZixKvq wef³| AZtci Zv AviI wef³ n‡q Dcgnv‡`‡k Ab~ b `yÕ‡kv ZixKvi m„wó n‡q‡Q| Gfv‡e gvhnv‡ei bv‡g, ZixKvi bv‡g, †`nZ‡Ë¡i bv‡g Dcgnv‡`‡ki we‡kl K‡i nvbvdx mgvR AmsL¨ 45. †gvj−v Avjx K¡vix, wgiK¡vZ kin wgkKvZ (w`j−x : Zvwe) 1/248 c„t| 46. gyËvdvK¡ ÔAvjvBn, wgkKvZ nv/2|

wdiK¡v bvwRqvn

29 29


fv‡M wef³ I wQbœwfbœ n‡q †M‡Q| cÖ‡Z¨K gyix` Zvi ZixKvi cxi wb‡qB mš‘ó| Avi GBme ZixKvi cx‡ii msL¨v ïay evsjv‡`‡kB 1981 mv‡ji miKvix wnmve g‡Z 2,98,000| hv eZ©gv‡b AviI †e‡o‡Q| GBme cxiMY Avj−vn I ev›`vi gv‡S Amxjv wnmv‡e c~wRZ n‡”Qb| GgbwK Z‡ì bv‡g Kzgxi, K”Qc, KeyZi, MRvj gvQ BZ¨vwÌ c~wRZ n‡”Q| g„Zz i c‡i Zv‡ì Ke‡ii Dc‡i wbwg©Z Kvi“Kvh©LwPZ mgvwa‡mŠ‡a KziAv‡bi AvqvZ wj‡L f³‡ì †auvKv †Ìqv n‡”Q Gfv‡e

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†bB Ges Zviv wPš—vwšZ n‡e bvÕ (BDbym 10/62)|

Avj−vn&i eÜz Kviv? †m wel‡q Avj−vn e‡jb, V� hYN�M3 L)N\U� M, �S'M�@ N%LoS)L;SKS! M,N� N~�M�T7g�� P�NH N"�h'� M,)N\U� M3 3S%PbP] S;S�S.�M�N�L3P� S~�Ty�U6�

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2/257)| GLv‡b ¯úó ejv n‡q‡Q †h, cÖK…Z gywgb hviv, ZvivB Avj−vn&i Ajx| hviv gvbyl‡K Av‡jvi c‡_ Wv‡K| A_©vr cweÎ KziAvb I Qnxn nv`x‡Qi c‡_ AvnŸvb K‡i| Avj−vn Zvi eÜz‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ e‡jb, S,L>M-

L;T]S.�M�N�L3P� YN/ NE�M�M>X� �M�L-h�� YN/M3 NEM%Nt®X� L;T�P�M3 L�N/�MK �M� YNKM�L M� L;T�S8TbL-P� L;T�P�M3 L�N/�MK �M� L�S4W�M�PI ÔAvgiv †Zvgv‡ì AvDwjqv ev AwffveK †Zvgv‡ì

cvw_©e Rxe‡b I Av‡Liv‡Z| †mLv‡b †Zvgv‡ì Rb¨ i‡q‡Q hv wKQz †Zvgv‡ì gb PvB‡e Ges †mLv‡b †Zvgv‡ì Rb¨ i‡q‡Q hv wKQz †Zvgiv `vex Ki‡eÕ (nv-gxg mvR`vn 41/31)| wZwb mveavb K‡i e‡jb,

MN8M>P/P� L)N\U� M, 3S%PbP] XIP� T\NoW�M) 3 iN��M5N4 L,N� L3S�YN- �r�M�N�L3P� �W-NH �M-L�M�L4P� M;W'MKM! L)N%N/�P�X7N�M, CS�S- ÔAwek¦vmxiv wK †f‡e‡Q Avgv‡K ev` w`‡q Avgvi



ev›`v‡ì AvDwjqv wnmv‡e MÖnY Ki‡e? Avgiv Awek¦vmx‡ì Af¨_©bvi Rb¨ Rvnvbœvg cÖ ‘Z K‡i †i‡LwQÕ (Kvnd 18/102)|

AZGe g„Ze¨w³ KL‡bvB Kvi“ ÔAwjÕ bb| wZwb Zvi wb‡Ri ev A‡bï †Kvb ¶wZ ev DcKvi Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv| hviv GUv‡Z wek¦vmx| Zviv KL‡bvB Avj−vn&i Ajx bq|

weMZ hy‡Mi †Kvb †Kvb Q~dx †Zv wb‡R‡KB ÔAvj−vnÕ e‡j‡Qb| †hgb †gngv‡bi Wv‡K N‡i Ae ’vbKvix Avey Bqvhx` wemZ¡vgx Ii‡d ev‡qhx`

†ev —vgx (188-261/804-875 L„t) e‡jb, V� UCNH p�M1P� NaL�M5X� YN/ M¤L�P� ÔN‡ii g‡a¨ †KD †bB Avj−vn e¨ZxZÕ|47 GKB AvK¡x`vi avivevwnKZvq evsjv‡`‡k Pvjy n‡q‡Q, ÔhZ Kj−v ZZ Avj−vnÕ| A_©vr m„wó mevB mªóvi Ask| Giv Avngv` I Avnv`-Gi g‡a¨ †Kvb cv_©K¨ Luy‡R cvb bv GKUv gxg-Gi c ©v e¨ZxZ| Gme cxi‡ì Kei gnvmgv‡iv‡n c~wRZ n‡”Q Zv‡ì f³‡ì gva¨‡g| g„Z cxi‡K Lykx Kivi Rb¨ Giv Zv‡ì Rvbgvj DrmM© Ki‡Q| Zvi Amxjv‡ZB Zviv ciKv‡j gyw³ Kvgbv Ki‡Q (BDbym 10/18; hygvi 39/3)| Iw`‡K Avevi QvjvZ-wQqvg-n¾-Igivn meB cvjb Ki‡Q| GUvB hw` nq ev —eZv, ZvnÕ‡j Rv‡njx Avi‡ei g~wZ©c~Rvix‡ì mv‡_ Dcgnv‡`‡ki GBme Keic~Rvix‡ì AvK¡x`vi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ †Kv_vq?

hw` mybœx weØvbMY kixÔAvZ, ZixKZ, nvKxKZ, gvÔ‡idvZ Gfv‡e Bmjvg‡K wef³ K‡i RbM‡Yi mvg‡b †ck bv Ki‡Zb, ZvnÕ‡j Bejxm Gi my‡hvM wb‡q c„_K c„_K ZixKv I LvbKvn Ly‡j gvbyl‡K weåvš— Ki‡Z cviZ bv| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) hv K‡ibwb, Zv †_‡K myaviYv e‡kI †Kvb KvR Ki‡j kqZvb H my‡hv‡M gywg‡bi †h KZeo me©bvk K‡i, Keic~Rvix GBme c_åó Z_vKw_Z mybœx gymjgv‡biv Zvi eo cÖgvY| AZGe Qv‡n‡e wgiK¡vZ ewY©Z ÔIjvgv‡q BmjvgÕ-Gi mwVK A_©

n‡e- �>�>F� �'8� [�� r��74 ÔQnxn mybœvn&i Abymvix Av‡jgMYÕ|

wbtm‡›`‡n Zviv ÔAvn‡jnv`xQ Ijvgv‡q †KivgÕ e¨ZxZ Avi †KD bb| 47. Avãyi ingvb, Avb-bvK¡kvevw›`vqv (wiqvh : `vi Z¡vBwqevn, 1409/1988), c„t 77|

wdiK¡v bvwRqvn

31 31


GKBfv‡e e½vbyev` †gkKvZ kix‡di m¤§vwbZ Abyev`K ÔQvnvexMY Ges nv`xQ I wdK¡‡ni BgvgMY Avn‡j mybœv‡Zi AvK¡x`vi Abymvix wQ‡jbÕ ejvi c‡i GKB ev‡K¨ e‡j‡Qb, Ô ywbqvi mg — Q~dx IjxMYI GB AvKx`vB †cvlY Kwiqv wMqv‡QbÕ|48 A_P Q~dx-Ijx GB cwifvlv¸wj m„wó n‡q‡Q ¯Y©hyM MZ n‡q hvevi c‡i åóZvi hy‡M| hvi g~j wbwnZ i‡q‡Q Biv‡bi A‰bmjvgx hy‡Mi A‰ØZev`x Kzdix `k©‡bi g‡a¨| hv‡ì „wó‡Z mªóv I m„wó GK I A‰ØZ mËv Ges m„wó mªóvi Ask gvÎ| Bmjvg GB `k©‡bi †Nvi cÖwZev` K‡i e‡j‡Q †h, ÔAvj−vn GK| wZwb gyLv‡c¶xnxb| wZwb KvD‡K Rb¥ †`bwb Ges wZwb Kvi“ Rwb¥Z bb| Zuvi mgK¶ †KD †bBÕ (BLjvQ 112/1-4)| gvbbxq Abyev`‡Ki Kw_Z Q~dx-Ijx‡ì gh©v`v wbtm‡›`‡n QvnvexM‡Yi Dc‡i ev Zv‡ì mg gv‡bi bq| A_P Avn‡jmybœvZ Iqvj RvgvÔAvZ †Kej QvnvexM‡Yi AvK¡x`v I Avg‡ji Abymvix, Ab¨‡ì bq|

AZtci gvbbxq Abyev`K wj‡L‡Qb, nv`x‡Q †diKv ewj‡Z AvKx`v I wek¦vmMZ `j‡KB eySvBqv‡Q| KviY AvKx`v ev wek¦vmB nBj BQjv‡gi g~j| myZivs nvbvdx, kv‡dC cÖf„wZ Bnvi Aš—M©Z b‡n| Bnv‡ì mK‡ji AvKx`vB GK| Bnviv mK‡jB AvnjyQ Qzbœv‡Z Iqvj RvgvÔAv‡Zi Aš—f©y³| Bnv‡ì GL‡Zjvd ïay IRy, bvgvR cÖf„wZ LuywUbvwU wel‡qi g‡a¨ mxgve×Õ|49

K_vwU hZ nvjKvfv‡e ejv n‡q‡Q, welqwU ZZ nvjKv bq| †Kbbv LuywUbvwU BL‡Zjvd AZ¶Y ch©š— MÖnY‡hvM¨, hZ¶Y †mLv‡b Qnxn nv`x‡Qi mgvavb bv cvIqv hvq| †c‡q †M‡j †mUvB †g‡b wb‡Z n‡e| Avi ZLb †Kvb BL‡Zjvd _vK‡e bv| wKš‘ †mUv cvIqvi c‡iI hw` wh` Kiv nq, ZLb †mUv ZvK¡jx` n‡q hv‡e| A_©vr ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi cÖ Ë weavb ev` w`‡q A‡bï weavb gvb¨ Kiv n‡e| hv ÔwkiK wdi-wimvjvZÕ-Gi ch©vqfy³| hv wbwl×| GB wbwl× Kv‡Ri cwiYv‡gB gymwjg D¤§vn Zv‡ì Ô†LjvdZÕ nvwi‡q‡Q| AvRI mgv‡R me©Î nvbvnvwb †Kej GB ZvK¡jx`x wh` I gvhnvex nVKvwiZvi Kvi‡Y| 48. b~i †gvnv¤§` AvÔRgx, e½vbyev` †gkKvZ kixd (XvKv : Gg`vw`qv jvB‡eªix, 1986),

nv/163 (31)-Gi e¨vL¨v ªóe¨, 1/181 c„t| 49. H, 1/182 c„t|



AZGe gZev`MZ w`K w`‡q Dc‡iv³ e³e¨ A‡bKUv mwVK nÕ‡jI ev —eZv eûjvs‡k wfbœ| †Kbbv (K) Dcgnv‡`‡ki Keic~Rvix gymjgv‡biv AwaKvsk nvbvdx gvhnvefy³| A_P Keic~Rv cwi®‹vifv‡e wkiK| GZØ¨ZxZ Avj−vn I ivm~j (Qvt) m¤ú‡K©I Zv‡ì A‡b‡Ki AvK¡x`v Î“wUc~Y©| †hgb (L) AwaKvsk nvbvdx Av‡jg e‡jb, ÔAvj−vn wbivKvi| wZwb me©Î weivRgvbÕ| A_P G¸wj Avn‡j mybœv‡Zi AvK¡x`v ewnf©~Z| †Kbbv mwVK AvK¡x`v nÕj GB †h, Avj−vn&i wbR¯ AvKvi Av‡Q, hv Zuvi Dchy³ Ges hv Kvi“ mv‡_ Zzjbxq bq (k~iv 42/11)| Zuvi mËv mßvKv‡ki Dc‡i Avi‡k mgybœxZ (†Z¡vqvnv 20/5-6)| Zuvi Bj&g I Kz iZ Z_v Ávb I kw³ me©Î weivwRZ (evK¡vivn 2/255)|

(M) A‡bK nvbvdx Ijvgv-gvkv‡qL e‡jb, Avj−vn&i b~‡i gynv¤§v` cq`v, gynv¤§v‡ì b~‡i mviv Rvnvb cq`vÕ| A_P gynv¤§v` (Qvt) b~‡ii ˆZix wQ‡jb bv| wZwb wQ‡jb gvwUi gvbyl (Kvnd 18/110)| (N) AwaKvsk nvbvdx Av‡j‡gi wbK‡U Pvi gvhnve gvb¨ Kiv dih Ges gvhnvex ZvK¡jx` Kiv dih| Avi Pvi Bgv‡gi c‡i BRwZnv‡ì `yqvi eÜ| (O) A‡b‡Ki wbK‡U cxi aiv dih| hvi †Kvb cxi †bB, kqZvb Zvi cxiÕ| A_P G¸wj Avn‡j mybœv‡Zi AvK¡x`vfy³ bq| AZGe Ôïay IRy, bvgvR cÖf„wZ LuywUbvwU wel‡qi g‡a¨ GL‡Zjvd mxgve×Õ e‡j AvZ¥Zzwó jv‡fi †Kvb my‡hvM †bB| ZvQvov Ih~ I QvjvZ KL‡bvB LuywUbvwU welq bq| eis QvjvZ nÕj me©cÖavb Bev`Z, wK¡qvg‡Zi w`b hvi cÖ_g wnmve †bIqv n‡e| Qvjv‡Zi wnmve myôz nÕ‡j evKx mewKQzi wnmve myôz n‡e| bB‡j me eiev` n‡e|50

AZGe Avj−vn&i ûKzg Abyhvqx weev`xq mKj wel‡q KziAvb I mybœvn&i w`‡K wd‡i †h‡Z n‡e| Avi mybœvn nÕ‡Z n‡e Qnxn mybœvn| †Kvb hCd ev Rvj nv`xQ bq| myZivs ZvivB n‡e mwZ¨Kv‡ii Avn‡j mybœvZ, hviv wb‡R‡ì gbMov wkiKx I we`ÔAvZx img-†iIqvR †_‡K Lv‡jQfv‡e ZIev K‡i me©ve ’vq Qnxn nv`xQgyLx n‡e| bB‡j gy‡L ÔmybœxÕ e‡j Kv‡Ri †ejvq wkiK I we`ÔAv‡Zi evRvi Mig Kiv Avn‡j mybœvZ Iqvj RvgvÔAv‡Zi wb`k©b bq| AZGe �� d %�/ ev D¤§‡Zi wefw³

50. Z¡vevivYx AvImvZ¡, Qnxnvn nv/1358; Avey vE`, bvmvC, wgkKvZ nv/1330|

wdiK¡v bvwRqvn

33 33


†iv‡ai GKUvB c_ †Lvjv i‡q‡Q| Avi Zv nÕj ZvK¡jx`x †Muvovgx cwinvi K‡i wbi‡c¶ I †Lvjv gb wb‡q me©ve ’vq cweÎ KziAvb I Qnxn nv`x‡Qi w`‡K wd‡i hvIqv Ges †Lvjvdv‡q iv‡k`xb, Qvnvev‡q †Kivg I mvjv‡d Qv‡jnx‡bi eyS Abyhvqx kixÔAv‡Zi eyS nvwQj Kiv| Kvi“ †Kvb welq Rvbv bv _vK‡j weÁ I gyËvK¡x Av‡j‡gi wbKU †_‡K wZwb †R‡b wb‡eb `jx‡ji wfwË‡Z, ivq-Gi wfwË‡Z bq| g‡b ivLv Avek¨K †h, Øxb m¤ú~Y© n‡q‡Q ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi RxeÏkvq| AZGe ivm~j (Qvt) I Qvnvev‡q †Kiv‡gi hy‡M hv Øxb wQj bv, G hy‡M Zv Øxb bq| hZB Zvi Mv‡q Øx‡bi †jevm civ‡bv †nŠK bv †Kb|

)v3 �) 3" �<��)3�� ,4 �. � ��3 ....T�M4�M�MmX� MYN�M3( ÔAvngv` I Avey vE‡` nhiZ gyÔAvweqv (ivt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z n‡q‡Q †h, Ô†mwU nÕj RvgvÔAvZÕ A_©vr gyw³cÖvß `j nÕj QvnvexM‡Yi RvgvÔAvZ Ges Zuv‡ì AvK¡x`v, Avgj I ixwZ-c×wZi mwbô Abymvix e¨w³ ev `jÕ|

L¨vZbvgv Qvnvex nhiZ Avãyj−vn Be‡b gvmE` (ivt)-Gi Kv‡Q ivm~j (Qvt) ewY©Z ÔAvj-RvgvÔAvZÕ A_© wK- GK_v wR‡Ám Kiv nÕ‡j wZwb e‡jb, M�P/ M3 �M� T�M4�M�MmX�P M{M�L1M3 MaL'T] XINHM3 W�M>X� ÔnK-Gi AbyMvgx `jB RvgvÔAvZ, hwÌ Zzwg GKvKx nIÕ|51

Qv‡n‡e wgiK¡vZ e‡jb, i� [�� ;7�� =sb� 3 ,)\� ��! �74 ��5� A"�c@ =�74 E*F� D*8� 3 v xs'� x�6s� 3 ¯3 �4��5) �)%>��+ x�� 3

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