Fermilab · ******GEM****** Collaboration Council Meeting October 2, 1991 SSCL 9:00 AM Building 4...
Transcript of Fermilab · ******GEM****** Collaboration Council Meeting October 2, 1991 SSCL 9:00 AM Building 4...
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GEM TN-91-21
GEM Collaboration Council Meeting at the SSCL
October 2, 1991
Abstract: Transparencies from the GEM Council Meeting at the SSCL on
October 2, 1991 are presented.
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******GEM****** Collaboration Council Meeting
October 2, 1991 SSCL 9:00 AM
Building 4 Auditorium
Agenda
9:00 am General Business (Barish and Willis) 9:30 am Discussion of Detector Decisions
11:00
12:00
1:00
1:30
2:30
- -Magnet (Stroynowski) - -Muons (Taylor/ Ahlen) - -Calorimeters (Brau/ Adair) - -Inner Tracking (Morgan/Baltay/Musser) - -Electronics-DAQ (Shaevita/Marlow)
LOI Physics Questions (Paige/Lane)
Lunch
LOI plans (Barish, Yost)
Engineering/Costing (Sanders/Marx)
Adjourn
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****** GEM ****** Collaboration Council Meetinq
October 2, 1991 SSCL 9 AH
Buildinq 4 Auditorium
Aqenda
? aa ~ral Buain..a (B&riah and Willis) ?:30am Diacuaaion of Dete.c:tor Decisions
--MaqlMtt (Stroynowalti) --Muona (Taylor/Ahlen) --Calorimeters (Brau/Adair) --Inner Tracking (Morqan/Baltay/Musser) --Electronics-OAQ (Shaevitz/Marlow)
:1:00 LOI Physics Questions (Paiqe/Lane)
l2:00 Lunch
1:00 LOI plans (Barish, Yost)
1:30 Engineering/Costing (Sanders/Marx)
2:30 Adjourn
After 3pm there will be a meeting of the Executive Committee. some of the subsystems groups will be having meetings in breakout room: After the Executive Co.-.ittee meeting there will be a practice session or PAC presentations
Thursday October 3 Morning Session will be in the Auditorium and will be open. GEM presentations will be from 9:30 - 12:00 All are welcome and encouraged to attend.
Afternoon sessions will be closed or involve a small number of GEM representatives (eq. Exec Committee and Spokesmen)
-------------------------------------------------In addition to the Council meeting and the PAC meeting, the following sub-group meetings are currently scheduled:
Calorimetry Oct 1 Auditorium Muons Oct 1 Cafetorium Computing Oct 4 Cafetorium DAQ/Trigger Oct 4 Strategy Room (in center section of B4) ..,.. .. A c,..11.t J Octf 1 1)1.C \ C.••..t• ~~ /t.'"" ,
These room assigru.6nts are tentative. Please check-che s1qn at the Use1 Office for possible changes.
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SSCL PAC
Co-Chairs Barish, WIHll
I
Subsystems
1-Cllorlmeter-Brau, Adair
1-Muon1-Ahltn, F. Taylor
1-Magnat-Stroynow1k~ Mashkt
I I
LOI Task Foret
1--Phy11cs--Palge, Lane, Zhou, BrlRSOn
""Detector Parameters, Cost, Schedule Mn, Sanders
1-Tracking-Morgan, Musser, BaHay I-Lot 0ocument-Yo11, Durden,
1-Trigg«/DAO:-Marlow, Shatvhz
.. Computing for Simulation and Anelysls--Mcfarlant, Newman, Zhu
Slndtrs, Marx
1-RlD, EnglnHrlng, T11t1, Btems-llattay, Chen, Gordon, Mockett, Webb
.... Collaboratlon Growth l Llft-Ftrtltl, Sulall, Chin, Winn (USSR) (Chhl) (Kortl) lie.
I Executive CommmH
Battay Marx Plaall Samlos Sand•s Sulik
hd/7·17-91
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MAGNET DESIGN PARAMETERS
Centeral induction (T) Inner radius, cryostat ("free bore") (m) Outer radius, overall (m) Inner length, door to door(m) Measurement lever arm (m) Mass of windings (t) Mass of cold structure (t) Mass of cryostat vessel (t) Mass of iron poles (each) (t) Radial pressure on windings (kPa) Stored energy (GJ) Inductance (H)
Single 0.8 8.3 9.5 29 3.8 440 330 550 2950 260 1.8 -1.5
Double Coil 0.8 8.3 12 29 3.8
500/700* 450 845 7000
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~) The Decision Group approved the recommendations of the Magnet Technical Panel to proceed with the single superconductiong coil option for the LOI. This option is significantly less expensive then either the two-coil system or the iron-shielded system. It also presents minimal technical rlsks. The unshielded coil can be used without violating any existing enviromental or safety regulations. It will produce a fringe field of up to about 35 :~uss at the surface above the experimental hall with the area of about 180 by 200 m where field will exceed 10 gauss. Such area can be marked by fence or hedge. Higher fringe fields are expected in the experimental hall, where local shielding of sensitive equipment and special handling of ferromagnetic tools will be necessary. There are ample examples of facilities operating with substantial fringe fields. These range fro~ MRI hospital installations, through Bubble Chamber's magnets to magnetic fusion confinement devices (MFTF, HFTF and FENIX at LLNL, ALCATOR C-MOD at MIT Plasma Fusion Laboratory and others). Proof of existance of equipment working in such fringe field is available.
The base-line design for the LOI will consist of the central coil with straight poles. It has been recognised that the field integral in the forward direction is too small. Ideas for improvement of the field at small angles exist, but the engineering work on such options will te postponed for later part of this year. This decision is motivated by the limited funds and time available and by desire to produce properly eng neered and costed base-line design for the LOI.
Si~ale coil option allowes for future upgrades of the muon system by placing additional chambers outside the coil. No work is planned on such option for the LOI.
cor the LOI, the base-line design will be optimized for the cost, size and field value producing the same muon ~easurements resolution.
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1.9 cm
FIGURE I MAGNET NATURAL CONVECTION
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(THERMAL SYPHON) LOOP
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1000 liter MAGNET HELIUM SUPPLY -
QUENCH/VENT BURST DISC/RELIEF
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Current Magnet Cost Estimate
Subsystem Design Coll Forms Conductor Winding (incl tooling) Thermal radiation shields Vacuum vessels Cold mass supports Coil assembly Poles Power/protection system Cryogenics & vacuum lntatl911.-tiC>f' Management/integration
Total
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V.E Ta~br 1v)-z./cr; /
Definition of GEM Muon System
Function:
• Muon identification Trac:K outside 1 O to 12 A. calorimeter (< 366 Xo if Pb)
• Muon charge assignment
• Pt trigger ( Pt > 50 GeV/c ) Segmentation: 3 cm barrel
Rates - Level 1 : Rates - Level 2:
3 mm endcaps
t 0 4 to t o5 Hz/ t 034 102 to 1 03 Hz/ 1 034
• Beam crossing tag: ('t' < 5 ns>
• Pµ. resolution: 6PJ1/PJ1 ~ 5 %
for 500 GeV /c 11 ~ O (90 degrees)
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•
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Physics that Muon System addresses:
Process:
H --> Zo* Zo --> 4 µ
Zo* --> 2 µ
Heavy onium states --> 2 µ (O' :::::: 1/M2 and r:::::: M5)
t r --> e+- µ -+
WW and W Zo* scattering
SUSY
Resol'n required
* *
* * *
hard to do
*
* *
* *
Good resolution: oPµ/Pµ < 5 % at 500 GeV/c
* ••
Good resolution helps Good resolution needed
*** Good resolution absolutely necessary
f ,.~~: F. D:;d"k..
• t\iQeeL ,J.p Eva.("1.a.T.f. p.f.Y"fDV-,,.,.,t:4.nC4! /reo..cfio11
o. s V\'\ 11\.o"" s~ s; f c'" rt v,, I v es .
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Progress since last GEM Meeting 9/5/91:
(1) GEM Muon Group meeting 9/6/91: - Discussed technologies pros & cons - Agreed that Ahlen/Nimblett/Taylor would formulate
a recommendation of technologies to retain for LOI and R&D up to Proposal.
(2) Decision Group at CIT 9/19/91 to 9/21 /91 : - Technologies as proposed accepted.
(3) GEM Muon Group notified of technology choices 9/23/91
(4) Engineering Coordination meeting 9/26/91requested: - Develop specifications of system
o function o channel count o resolution, etc.
- Determine the mechanical specs. - Rough out services needed (HV, gas, etc.)
(5) SSCL Decision Group meeting 9/27/91 - Harden the specifications of each system for PAC
presentation 10/3/91.
(6) GEM Muon Group meeting 10/1 /91 : - Present specifications for LOI systems - Develop a coordinated R&D program
TASK: develop a muon system by summer '92 for GEM Proposal
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Proposed Technologies for LOI
(a) Momentum Determination and Trigger:
Central Region: e > 300 (0 < 1\ < 1.3)
Pressurized Drift Tubes {PDT) limited Steamer Drift Tubes {LSDT)
Endcaps: 9.5o < e < 300 ( 1.3 < 1\ < 2.5)
Cathode Strip Chambers (CSC) {LSDT as backup)
(b) Beam Crossing Tag:
Central region:
Endcaps:
Resistive Plate Chambers {RPC) {Scintillators as backup)
Cathode Strip Chambers
(c) Second Coordinate Determination:
Central region:
Leve.\ 2. i"ri~.
Leve I 1.. tY";~,
Resistive Plate Chambers for PDT option(~ Jt.,iSi•>i) Limited Streamer Drift Chambers ( ~ d ;11,· s;e,,, / Sit'if>s)
Endcap region: Cathode Strip Chambers
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From EOI to CIT Meeting considered:
L* Chambers Demanding technology all wires in common gas volume. Lorentz angle effects large.
LSDT made of plastic {Iarocci tubes) Mechanical design difficult to align tubes to desired accuracy.
Straw Tubes Hard to construct long tubes which can be pressurized.
All options could be made to work. Decisions based on ease of construction, operational robustness, effort to achieve resolution.
Performance/Cost
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'Fe"' -B ~"' r.c.. I 'Pf'- ~ L ~, ·(. ( 2 T,. ; ~ ~ ~.,....
Pressurized Drift Tubes (Al or Fe)
Advantages:
- Used in B-fields (HRS and CDF) C. ~ o. IN\
- Can pressurize: O'X ~ 1/P1 /3
- Modular construction - Not sensitive to angle of incidence (cyl-sym)
Disadvantages:
- Second coordinate by charge division (rate limited?)
- Hard to support wire (sag must be understood) - Gas seals at high pressure must be robust
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..... u::" s-1 '"' "' 3 yr ,,,. .f,, 2. ~ ")o.o
d.t.ffl"di'°'~ 0"" ~Cll.S 1 fl""CS~lot~
' ..
· S"o <.<..,_ W ;ro -e. I
.Drift Trajectories For Electron Swarm
Centroids
\
xx xx
B
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F~~ P, e L E\fcA '2. + ... ;~5~"'" loQ.~.t. f
Limited Streamer Drift Tubes
Advantages:
- Fast risetime and large pulses of Limited Streamer - Second coordinate possible by orthogonal strips - Modular construction - Open profile for mass production wire stringing
Disadvantages:
- Precision resolution in B-field to be demonstrated - Rate effects of Limited Streamer mode to be
understood - Radiation hardness of Limited Streamer mode
(o.; lr<.v/c a.f 'FIVl'IL)
"' I '2. o c.. """' L . s. - /
YID 13-.f;~Jd
hilocle ~ 'i:af c ~"' s (Ci., H,0 :C~: co 2J - JI :(,CJ :'2.o
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t ..)
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Cathode Strip Chambers
Advantages:
- Good pattern recognition (3-d with pads) - Fast response for beam tagging - Flexible mechanical design for endcap geometry - Position resolution insensitive to gas, HV, etc. - Full functionality in one technology:
triggering, beam cross tagging, P, Z
Disadvantages:
- Channel count high (300 k for endcaps) - Precision operation in 8-field to be demonstrated - Electronics plant nontrival (1°/o channel-to-channel) - Few planes ==> sensitive to background (o-rays)
-· '_) ~"tr,· ro ~ i c it ..,.,.., ..fo l 6'0 /" "?>., (. $"!! ,.; p I.Ji J df.t / L. -~ fc
0.-.,.1, S~: I :-l'J .)
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~ ..... ~ I/
5tt'iy> s E E Ill Ill ~
... ~-~
Honeycomb panel
~-------31 Strip Panel
c-g·c-r·r·r··r;r=z·r r-r·rr·r·r-r•-crr·z-····r--cc·z-c·r rcrrr=r=r:r·c·--r-r"';--r=r-• '''·' ,., r·r, r
I Cathode panel subassembly less top spacer
I Subassembly: (low precision) Cathode panels, one side - I mm Spacer bars - 2.Smm
~=~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~==~~::"'~;i:;d-r•yoomb P'"°' - ZS~ Subassembly: (high precision) Strip panels, one side - I mm Spacer bars - 2.Smm Honeycomb panel - 2 Smm
-- I
, ,,, / Shielding Panel
Gas Pad Chambers S111dy. 2 C. Grinnell 09.013.91 pauc 112
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,.....,
! -(/) e -6 ·::: = 'O (/)
~ 8 ·::: .... en
£
Position Resolution vs. Anode Charge for a Single Chevron Cathode
( S.4 keV X-nys, 12mm readout spacing, SO% Ar+ SO% C2He gas mixture)
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Resistive Plate Chambers
Advantages:
- Fast and large pulses for beam cross tagging - High pattern recognition capability
Z-coordinate (needed for PDT option) Pµ - trigger
- Simple and inexpensive construction (glass?)
Disadvantages:
- Noise characteristics to be understood interference with other systems? how many planes needed for clean trigger?
- Rate limitations to be understood - Operation in B-field ?
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Engineering Program:
(1) Technology non-specific:
(a) Alignment system (superlayer-to-superlayer)
(b) Support structure for superlayers
(c) System aspects: gas, power, cabling
(d) Access (scaffolding)
( e) Electronics layout - high end
~+ SSCL.. (f) Test rig to evaluate technologies
(g) Evaluate B-fields/ muon system performance
(2) Technology Specific:
(a) Large scale prototypes of PDT, LSDT, CSC, RPC
(b) Develop internal alignment system
(c) Test rig for Lorentz angle measurements
(d) Develop electronics for chamber readout, triggering, and beam cross tagging.
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Cost Modd: N = 8:8:4 in barrel: N - 4;4:3 in cndcap; cndcap muoo cost = 1/2 of barrel muoo cost; muoo cost praportional to chamber area; magnet cost proportiooal
to (stored cnergyf (213): resolutioo"' S% at 90 degrees at SOO GeV
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1
->C
0
CL QUAD DIODE
x--
Stability of L3 Alignment for 3 Layers of Chambers
4µm Reproduces after 1 Year
• • ••• • • •• ·- - - - -. -- -. - . .. . .. . ... . -· - - ·- -· -. - - - ··- - ·-- --. . - .
Distance = 3.0 meters
5 10 15
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i----------14.5 m ___ ___,.i
UON SYSTEM ATTACHMENT POINTS ----:::-:::---........ ~ ............
Central Membrane _____.,
Webs :t:
f:;::
~j! 1:;:
IP 7.4m 9.5°
M-----10.0 m • m
!+----------------+---- 29.0 m --------___,.i
ELEVATION OF PDT MUON SYSTEM
F. Nlmblett 21 August 1991
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-~----'>
r- . - . - " -"> '1 .-·------'> I
I . I . 1-·-·- ·- ·~ I
1---·-· -·>
I t------~
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Test r i<j
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i----;=e=;.-------1 •~--+--- l.. S Dr
t-~==1=~---1 r---1---" ~-i--- C SC.
~:-==/==~~- Sc:. tri~~~I"" f s; +rw.cl.•
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• II) -
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EVENTS © H
0-z0 z• (m"•IT1V) z•-,..•1&-
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C ca. l or i meter -~ ?.. . S~ mt ~+4't7t> . \)
r.e<;ol 'h
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Baseline performance:
Sagitta measurement:
Barrel region (0 > 300):
S= 0.3 B bR2 I 8P µ sine
Endcap region ( 30° > e > 9.5o ):
s = 0.3 B bz2 tane/ BPµ case
Momentum resolution depends on:
Pµ, eµ
8 L2 )
)
given
wants to be large
hit resolution alignment errors multiple scattering S(.AEµ) calorimeter
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fJP/P
0.15
0 .1
0.05
0
L . u 's ""'W--- ~ ".[ T
MOMENTUM -oGeV/c
GEM BASELINE -100.GeV/c
-200.GeV/c INull_F' _P _BL. T
-300.GeV/c
400.GeV/c
-soo.GeVtc
-soo.GeVtc
-100.GeV/c
-aoo.GeVtc
. I I \ \ ; ---·---·-.._! --·-
-900.GeV/c
-1000.GeV/c
I
(;.'2 V/c:.
0 20 40 60 80 100 THETA (deg.)
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L .. r.<9 SI/Ms-.. ~ 11-il:T" '
RATIO OF MOMEMTUM RESOLUTION : BASELINE + VERTEX CONSTRAINT/BASELINE
( liP Ip )BASELINE+ VER; (liP Ip )BASELINE bl ratios.I
1 .2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
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·-----r···-·-·-····~·-1 3 0 °T N v I B ' I
' -40°TNv/B '
--'90°TNv/B ~------r-i---·"" --+--·6 0 ° TN v I B
: : : ' . -f----··--·--·~-----·-·-·-· ... ··-····--··-····-·······-····++·-·--·-·---·---·-·-··-····-·····----··-·+··-····-·-··········-·····
-f----·-----fl ______ ._L __ L___ l ____ _L
0 1000
I i I I 2000 3000 4000
P (GeV/c) 5000 6000
c
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~P/P
0.15
0 .1
0.05
0
GEM BASELINE + THIN POLE + 3 EXTERNAL PLANES INull_P _P _BL+ THIN.T ~---------.
I I ' I i ' i ! i ' ' i
MOMENTUM
-oGeV/c
-100.GeV/c
-200.GeV/c
-300.GeV/c
400.GeV/c
-l-"---T1·\- .;.-------· i . J __ . I I lt.v ( c. !=i«-se I;~"- I
-soo.GeV/c
-soo.GeV/c
j j j -100.GeV/c j I I -----i-·-1 ~ ~~-r---~-· --- . 800.GeV/c
~900.GeV/c
i i
/ ~_,· i
-1000.GeV/c
,,. ' -+----\-\.·\-\-~'\:\'"'- , ... -i--·---··
' '"""-·'"--!-----·-·---·---· r
0 20 40 60 80 100 THETA (deg.)
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Possible improvements to baseline resol'n:
(a) Constrain the primary vertex in trajectory fit :
For <J vertex = 100 µm:
SPµ/Pµ at 5 TeV/c improves by factor of 0.5 to 0.8.
Less improvement at lower momentum.
(b) Adding planes external to coil:
For 3 planes at .6.R = 3 m and .6.Z = 5 m:
SPµ/Pµ improves at 1 TeV/c by factor of 0.65 at goo.
Less improvement at lower momentum and angle.
(c) 8-field shaping at forward angles:
(cusp) op ti on improves SP µ/P µ by 0.5 at 1\ = 2.5
Note: Thin Pole versus Thick Pole:
.6.(SPµ/Pµ) < 20 % between options
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.. \
-E
N
2.0
1 . 8
1 . 6
1 • 4
1 . 2
1 . 0
.8
.6
.4
.2 10
1
0.
GEM 1 --- Base 1 1 ne p I us Cusp
MITMRP Vl.0 9/ 3/91 22:45 Contour l • -4. 787E+02 Del ta • l. 65'lE+0l
0. 10 1 .5 1.0 1.5
R I ml CONTOURS OF CONSTANT FLUX
- 2. 0
;,\J .,, II\ ... er ·-,.. "T\ .... " -A-
V) :r p ~ .... s
l-0
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(/")
' Vl <>
(/")
' Vl
""
Magnet Resolution [ntercompar1son For P = 500.0 .10.--..--.--'T--r---..~...-..--.---,---.----..--,...-T"-'--.---.--,.--..--,~...--.---.--,.--..--...--.
.08
.06
.04
.02
o Basel 1 ne A Thin-pole +Uniform Field
GEM I
D 1! = S'oo G.ev/c.
6-.-.Q. \:""' e.
• / '
Bos~line plus Cusp .06.--..--.--,.---r--r~...-..--.---..--,...---..--,...-..--.---.--,.---r--i'--r--.---.--,.--..--...--.
.04
.02
o.oo.__..__,__.__,___.=-'--..__,__.___.___..__..__..__,_.....,,,......._,___..__..._,,-'-:-_._,.......__..__..__, o.o .5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
Pseudoropidity I~) !'.) Hognet Resolution for Pm 500.0 r. ~AM-StC""'
J. S~:11~
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2.0
1. 6
I. 6
I. LJ
I. 2 -e
I. 0 N
.6
.6
• LJ
.2 101
7\ 0. V\ F ,:= •• c , . s... .t.
0.
'-=i ·' . f ~ ;;;;-
GEH --- Thon Pole Options: Case 3
MITMHP Vl.0 8128/91 15:21 Contour l • 0.000E+00 Delta • 5.070E+00
10 1 .s 1.0 1.5 R I ml
CONTOURS OF CONSTRNT FLUX
2.0
.v -..J'-' 0 p - ,,. ""
,,. -.. $
" GEH I --- Ba~el one v1ti-1 Ful I Pole
MITMHP Vl.0 9/ 2191 14:19 Contour l • 0.008E+80 Delta • S.eSqE+00
2.0
I. 8
I. 6
I . LJ
I. 2 -e
I. 0 N
.8
.6
• LJ
.2 10 1
0. 0.
10 1 2. .5 J.0 1.5
R I ml CONTOURS OF CONSTRNT FLUX
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Ul -0 -~ x ~
"-., -
"-.,
.... 0
0 .~
..... 0 a:
Intercompartson oF 1.agnet Resolvlng Power 2.0..--....--.--r~r-..,---.-i-~r--r--r--i~-.-~-.---.~.,--,.--r~..--....--..---.~..,---,--
1. 5
1. 0
.5
o Un1Form Field I Th,n-pole 6 Thin-pole I Baseline +Uniform Field I Baseline
!
~;,,.. fe.lc. ~orse. l"C~ol 1 k 1k11."' bo,,,l:kt. b~ S 2o~
T. <5&4.U N""" 1\1\ T. T
o.o.__...._-J...___..~.__....__.__._~..___.__._~~"'-"-~-'-~~.J.--'-~---JL--...L--'--'-~..__..._ 0.0 .5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2
Integral paths Pseudorapidit~ (~)
start at Ahlen s µ-detector baseline
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Summary:
Made selections of technologies for further R&D
Developing an R&D program for ultimate technology selections by summer 1992
Studying cost models of magnet/muon system
Considering (inexpensive) extensions of baseline design to improve resolution.
In the next few months: o Need to start full-scale engineering
o Need to setup machinery to evaluate muon system performance as design of detector evolves.
- Energy loss fluctuations in calorimeter - Muon system resolution versus design - Pattern recognition versus design - Trigger rates versus design
o Contribute to global integration of GEM detector
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TO: FRCM: SUBJECT:
Barry Barish and Bill Willis Bob Adair and Jim Brau Calorimeter Group Consensus
-====- . ··~ v- '"--'-"-September 13, 1991
The GEM Calorimeter Group met at the SSC Laboratory September 4th and 6th to review the GEM calorimeter options. During this meeting the group developed a clear consensus on its reconmendation to the GEM Collaboration for next year's R&D plan. This consensus is summarized in the following statement:
The GEM Calorimeter Group wishes to continue R&D on two calorimeter systems during the next year. These two systems include one with a very high resolution electromagnetic section, which the group finds highly desirable, if feasible, and one which offers a conservative approach, but also with a high resolution electromagnetic section.
With this end in mind we wish to continue R&D on
/'! BaF2 E>t \.:, Scintillator Hadron Calorimetry
~ flj»;dgtft~for the barrel and LXe for the endcap
The choice of scintillator technology (liquid or spa@lfiif~ is being reviewed and will be chosen sOl!li, lib lit@ e LoI.
We also wish to pursue R&D on fs~Prd spl~lllffry and a coordinated research plan with liqul? argon atf quid scintillator options.
have
Finally we are reviewing the physics performance potentials for a ~~eRt~r to develop a consensus on a d or as possible.
argwnents and We will attempt
this subsystem as soon
This consensus developed following a thorough review of each technology in which the proponents of each were asked to answer in writing and orally the questions and concerns expressed by others in the group. These reports are contained in the GE>t Technical Report, GEM TN-91-00009.
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GEM A PRECISION LEPTON-PHOTON
DETECTOR FOR THE SSC
• CALORIMETRY GOALS: DRIVEN By PHYSICS
- The Highest Resolution Calorimetry System for Leptons and Photons
- Within Budget and Schedule
- Radiation Hard
- Complementary to SDC
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GEM PHYSICS GOALS LEAD To
TWO SYSTEM APPROACHES
• LOWER RISK SOLUTION EXISTS; NEEDS IDGHER EM RESOLUTION:
=> LIQUID ARGON With Fine Sampling Accordion EM
• HIGHER RISK SYSTEM, With POTENTIAL LARGE PERFORMANCE GAIN:
=> BaF2 CRYSTAL EM, With SCINTILLATOR HCAL
o NOTE: Radiation Hard Production Not Yet Achieved
- Requires One Year of R&D - Expert Review Panel
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GEM TWO COMPLEMENTARY
APPROACHES
RESULTING IN THE HIGHEST FEASIBLE RESOLUTION
• LIQUID ARGON With ACCORDION EM; Liquid Krypton Option
- Intrinsic Stability =} Ease of Calibration
- Tested in Large Systems (With Plates) =} Small Systematics
- Radiation Resistant
- Uniform
• BaF2 CRYSTAL EM, With SCINTILLATOR HCAL
- Intrinsic Higher EM Resolution
- Higher HCAL Speed: =}Lower Noise in Isolation Cone
- Effective Compensation: =}Small Constant Term for Jets
With HCAL e/7r ~ 1
- More ,\ for a Given Radius
•
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GEM CALORIMETRY
• COMPLEMENTARY STRENGTHS:
INTRINSIC RESOL'N ·< : .. LOWER RISK and SPEED TECHNOLOGY
• COMPLEMENTARY TASKS for EM: aE/E = (a/v'E E9 b)3
BaF2 + SCINT. HCAL ·< ) .. LIQUID ARGON Reduce b < 0.53 Reduce a< 73
t -+ JJ'ESIGJI a,.,,~ J°'!Nf_Ul..ATE
Q.,I' Q. J'UB )EnC'lbR Oj (;EN(_
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c 0 ·-..., ca a.. ;::,
·-.... c 0 0 -! a.. ca m E ;::, ·--a Q)
:E :E w Cl
-------------
il I 8 I ~
!_U
l~ J L~J 3
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in 3 Monte Carlo 14.c.1., ..
2.0
10
5
1
Data Ionization:
1':--~~-~-·- .1
. /NA3llLAr) "" .... - ' -- -- . / - 11!11' -- ... '
3 ~-' .. ISPACAL I~~ • •
ccCJfClion I """" ~ - -,~ • ,
(X,/6) ." s'.'~~I '~ ~~,.~,~·., Pb:Fibre = 4 : 1
Scintill:\tion
IJETSET] Fibre: Pb: Glue = 0.5: 0.35 : 0.15
:-..._
~'
,, ' .,
., ~·
" LXe ISPACALI Xaito.><
LKr
• \
\
'-.~\ . ' . . t''
\
LAr
1 s 10 5o loo
Ed/ E 0 , Energy Deposited in Active Medium(%)
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BaF2 + CALORIMETER SYSTEM:
Scintillating Fiber {SF) or
Liquid Scintillator {LS);
Liquid Argon Study
Choice of One Scintillator HCAL By Early November
HCAL SUBSYSTEM GOALS:
• Complement the BaF 2 :
d'TJ x d</J ~ 0.08 x 0.08
=? Good Jet Resolution
=? Missing ET Resolution, (With Forward HCAL)
=? Improved Lepton ID and Measurement
• Rapid Development: Ready for GEM System Choice By Design Report
=? Beam Test By Summer 1992
• Maximize GEM's Physics Capability
•
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BaF2 + HCAL CHOICE:
GENERAL QUESTIONS:
Answers In October
• Conceptual Design Layouts With Dimensions:
:::? LS: Module, Layer Structure, Fiber Readout
:::? SF: Module Structure, Fiber Readout
:::? LAr: Segmentation, Cryostat, Readout
:::? ALL: Mechanical Structures and Supports; Access/ Assembly /Disassembly Scheme
• HCAL Depth (A); Dead Spaces
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TOTAL 11.73 >. ,
3600 MM
[400 MM'
I Tracker
Liquid Scintillator Hadron Calorimeter ( Version O.OB-1 ) Barium Fluoride EM Calorimeter
SOOOM .,
Support tube
2:::::::::::::::::,::r:>:<<:)}:f::/}::\:::::::::::::::::/:>::/<{ }.:)))})I . . .. .. . .. . . . .. ..... Electronics .. .. .. . .. .. . ....... . . . . . . . .................... ,,
-r : 5.75' -- _______________ L_ ----- ----------
' I 1--=:=:_·-----~30Q ~m .I ' I ,
•
Photomultipliers
~------··
TOTAL IJ.8 1'
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_ .. _ ~ Structural/Support Rings
:::::::i--c:::: F BaF2 Support
Tracker
s ... o
1-4----1500 mm .. 1
~-------2300 mm---;~
14----------------5450mm .....i
G.03.SC.00038
Spaghetti Hadron Calorimeter Lead Shot Filled/ 0.10 Segmentation Barium Fluoride EM Calorimeter
3890 mm
Rcnnich
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4,
1 .. ---
5260 mm FEEDTHRU
.4Laml
mm
J Total Thickness: 11 Lambda J
G.ln I .\ ll0019
FEEDTHRU
11n11111rwm1tn11t1nrntri1
11111111111111111111111111111 I ti''°; II II II llll II II II I llll lllll II II
!I
111111111111111111111111111111
GEM Liquid Argon Calorimeter
R:1ri11m Fl1111rirlr Fl\f ""dim1
.4Lambda
Incomplete Incomplete Trwompl• I• ,.
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Liquid Scintillator Hadron Calorin1eter Sampling structure scheme
60 1"11"1
+
Lo.st--cho.Mloer
142 MM
R 3600 MM
t R 1400 MM
Cleo.re.nee 108 MM
{ Support tube 60 MM
--- O.J6 A.
..
{ 20 MM Fe (wo.ll) 0.12' A.
19 lo.yers ,. Coo.rse so.Mpling
401"1M/Pb+5M/LS 4.J4 A. + 0.1 A.
40 lo.yers 4 Fine SO.l"lpling
20MM/Pb+5MM/LS 4.57 A. + 0.20 A.
{ 40riM Fe 0.24 A.
{ E-M co.loriMeter 1.8 A.
TOTAL 11.73 A.
Apb = 175 MM
A Fe = 168 MM
A Sci = 1000 MM
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BaF2 + HCAL CHOICE: PHYSICS QUESTIONS
SIMULATION STUDY COMPLETED By NOVEMBER:
• Energy Resolution, Behind BaF2 for 20, 100, 500, 1000, ... Ge V Jets
- Performance For Typical, Mostly-EM, and Mostly-Hadronic Jets:
9 Reconstructed Energy Distribution
9 Missing ET Distribution
• Can Longitudinal Segmentation in the HCAL Improve the Muon Resolution ?
• Can Longitudinal Segmentation in the HCAL Improve the BaF 2 Electron and r Resol 'n ?
• fLU/1t_BEf{ Cf A~ Per:Jornia.,,ce
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BaF2 + HCAL CHOICE:
ASSOCIATED EFFECTS
and ISSUES
• Systematic Effects:
=>Magnetic Field (0.8 Tesla)
=> Non-Uniformities in Cells or Towers
=> Fiber Attentuation Length, Non-Uniformity
=>Mechanical Structure, Walls, and Typical 'Dead Regions'
•Effective Compensation: Hydrogenous, '* Compensating or Overcompensating HCAL.
• Resolution as Function of e /h in EM Section, With Varying Reconstruction Algorithm.
• Transverse Segmentation Required by Physics
* GEMT tr~. l-IETC ,_p~ud.(f :
• r're f,,.,, '~ ttr(f ?:;:e.s--u,ft.!' ( ORJ(L..)
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GEANT3 - JET RESOLUTION for BaF2+scint.HADRON calorimeter
here BaF2 <e/1T> = 1. 7
After optimisation for a•BaF2 + P•HC
100 GeV JETS
8 Q ;
2 1 TeV JETS
0
0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6
e/rr. in calorimeter behind BaF2
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~ --~ -b . ~
'I.IC.
LEAKAGE FLUCTUATIONS IN CALORIMETER
for BaF2+scint.HADRON calorimeter 6 r--~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
4
3
2
I
7 8
t
1 TeV JETS
t t • t
Optimized
resolution 7.
' RMS(leoko9e) 7. t t
t t
9 10 11 12 .
T
Total calorimeter depth,/..., (including BaF2)
13
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Thickness of Calorimeter
1. Punchthrough of 7t and K simulates µ
Ltot > 10.5 A @ 90°
2. Leakage fluctuations should not contribute
to constant term of hadronic resolution
Ltot > 9.5 A @ 90°
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CAL01t1~fTE'tt G toup PcSPTICAJ
ON PttE-ftAD•A~fL
• A PlE-~llDIAT~~ ~HO~S PI0'4\SE' ~Oil. AOtlN' 10 Pf.l'f.t•c.s ,ellFoff..M.AN<E
• CJ4otC€' o~ f'l.f'-«ADIA~&. C'6cifc..SP " ('At.~«.1~P.TfC.. C#Ofe.C.
• Rec.o~.~..-AiD Mof)r\T eNe1~t:f1'e.IN f,.,
A~• ff..,, D $~ Pf'o,.T Fett. ,te.t~1>.
FAVOR.fl> ,..E?.MNtCvi~
.)f l.f(". <iAi '$T'ff. 'p .f
St&.tf.•\N D~.tlT (C,,.J) MAI.I)!.>
1. • o. f4 «.c.., Ai .tE. A 0o ~T ST~' ·~r
TMtS PoltTION Suf,OLTIO gy
0~ ~. CUJH~AN_, #4. c..c..r~ENJ
• It. ~eJ£t)# o •+ •I •
/'4, e. WOJ(k..
fl. 140c tc.f TT.. ~
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1t 0 Rejection
{i "'• ~f,;ps} 90 ,
....... / 'C\
80 t;J I \
0 '\
70 \ ~ 0
\ c: q 0 60 :;::;
\ (.) Q) ·~
\ Q)
a: 50 \ \
40 \ D
300 20 40 60 80 100 120
Energy, GeV
..
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' e~ ___________ ._.. .............. ._.. .............. ._.. ...... ....._. ................ _ ~
i
-~ -
J 8 -J L:::===J.--i::::::::: J ---"'!!I
0 .. tD • - ci • 0
(n Llw.qJCt.19 18J'I) (A-OOOt)dlnl ...,, L JO .-aamN (aA.&no) l\mqwqo.ad •• n• •IN o"
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0 I ' 0 - - I
)
"' 0 "' 0 ,
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]>'e-ratA;o.-fD.,.. wi-IA lrr.111 st,,cr.,.r • ~ '" 'X AllD Y c o."l
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Diode Cable '
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r---------1600 mm---------i
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End Views
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FMd Through
i 970mm
Cooling In Cooling Out
Figure 21: Side and end views of one quadrant of Sand! ele1:tromagnetic detector using LKr + 5% LXe. Sandi has a homogeneous section in the front. with a UV diode collecting scintillation light from the first 10 cm of the homogeneous noble liquid: followed by a drift diode to detect the positions of showers: and a. sampling ionization calorimeter in the ba.ck (e.g. Accordion).
40
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Ph)aic::s Requiring a Forward Calorimeter
Missing EJ.ro
Higgs H-+ zz-+ t.+e-vv H -+ zz -+ t.+e-rr
New heavy quarks
SUSY
Technicolor P~c-+ w±zo-+ t.±vt.+e- _ Leptoquarks gg -+ PaPa -+ ln-bf
New Gauge Bosons w1::1: -+ f::l:v
Other sources of boson pairs w::1:zo-+ e±ve+1.w::1:w::1: -+ e.z.ve±v w+w- -+ e+vR.-v if separable from tt
Forward Jets
VV scattering with forward jet tagging
Low x physics via forward di-jets
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Sl.MMING lKWID.
~MANIFOLD
SWAGE. Sfflll' DER SIGNAL ELECTRODE
STAINLESS STEEL CATHODE
GAS GAP
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ENO PLUG -.._
HIGH PRESSURE IONIZATION CHAMBER
<cRoss SECTION) b n I -----------DUI__,,
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•
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~~~~~ ~~~~~~-1-1
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~ ..
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rravr/: f Vl'Jr::-10111
STATUS OF SIMULATIONS FOR THE LOI
Simulations effort is behind schedule. We
need
• Who is doing what?
• Who is too burdened to fulfill assigned
tasks.
• Regular communication between people
doing calculations and those "in charge" of
it.
Final calculations, with write-ups, needed by
rv October 25; first LOI draft by November 4!
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Subsystem Parameters:
Too little input from subsystem leaders -
especially:
• Central Tracker:
Specifications received are skimpy!
Discussion of central tracker appears
nowhere in simulations done so far.
--+Use in answer the PAC's questions 1 - 4
(Higgs, top, JtT, jets)?
--+Will the tracker work at £ ""' 1034 to
distinguish e± from 1?
• Trigger:
Question 1 (Higgs) specifically asks us to
discuss triggering startegies. What are they?
• Magnet/ Muon System:
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Do simulators know all -the options they
should be considering?
• Calorimetry:
Careful H 0 --+ II background study for
LAr urgently needed.
What do we do about F /B calorimetry
{3 < T/ < 5)?
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PAC Questions:
We need people to be responsible for each
of the PAC questions, to direct / oversee the
work and to guarantee delivery by f'V October
25.
• Higgs Physics - Bing Zhou
---+ Complete the analysis of H 0 ---+ II
background, especially the QCD background
for BaF2 and LAr.
---+ Are we doing ttH0 ---+ isolated leptons +
jets+ 11?
---+ Redo analysis of H 0 ---+ zo zo ---+
l! l! lt l2, t+ l-vv, t+ l- j j. F /B calorime
try? Calorimetry for Ho---+ £+£-jj?
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• Top Physics - Serban Protopopescu
--+ Calculations so far are primitive.
Should reuse programs from before.
--+Need t--+ H+b analysis.
--+ Need more help here.
• $r Physics - Frank Paige
·--+ 300 GeV Gluino - Physics backgrounds
started. Need detector backgrounds for
rJrnax = 3, 4, 5. Need same-sign dilepton
(lfl~ + X) signals and backgrounds. (Steve
Kahn)
--+ 400 GeV t' --+ w+b: Need to redo old
analyses for GEM (Vanyashin).
• Jet Energy Measurement - Ray Frey
--+ zo--+ jj (from Ho--+ zozo, H. Ma) and
Z'--+ jj (R. Frey)
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io N
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0 0 ....
0 0 N
Vl ~
::i u 0 E c:
:::> I I >-CJl ~
11> C" IJ
I.JO c: Vl Vl
:::>
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-Analyses are still primitive. Need better
calorimeter simulation.
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• Complementarity to SDC - Ken Lane
---+ No guidance on how we are complemen
tary to SDC, nor even what SDC is! Assume:
---+ Better EM calorimetry.
---+ More precise, "robust" muon system -
useable at C '.'.:::::'. 1034•
Tentative list of processes where we should
be better than SDC:
no (and hsusy, 1r~) ---+ 11· (Zhu; Ya
mamoto)
ttn° ---+ isolated leptons + jets + /I.
(Zhu, Yamamoto)
n° ---+ Z Z* ---+ ti l1 lt l2. (Zhou)
=Heavy Ho ---+ zo zo ---+ µ+ µ-µ+ µ-, at 1034
'
if necessary. (Zhou)
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Heavy Ho -+ zo zO -+ f + f-j j - relies on
IMt+f- - Mzl < 2 GeV. (Zhou, Ma)
Tagging b (hence t -+ w+ b) by µ± buried
in b-decay jet -+ access to flavor physics,
charged Higgses, technipions, ...
Z' -+ e+e- precision mass and width at
£, = 1034 - does EMC, tracker work?? (Lane)
Z' -+ µ+ µ- asymmetry at £ = 1034
Possibly also w 1±-+ µ±v. (Lane)
Similar studies of quark / lepton substruc
ture in the Drell-Yan process. (Lane)
gg -+ et l~ + X. (Paige)
We wil also mention, but not calculate
such processes as PT production (leptons at
1034).
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E. l<;sttw.ev ~. ft.i,c. itt D. Hal<owi.fcki
~ PRESSURE GASEOUS IONIZATION TUBES
ADVANTAGES:
• ABILITY TO HANDLE HIGH RATES
•DRIFT TIME FASTER THAN IN LIQUIDS
•SPACE CHARGE EFFECT REDUCED
• UNIFORMITY
•EASE OF CALIBRATION
• RADIATION HARD
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Ertel. View o~ loni,.atio11 r.&e.
c..--- ~i1n~ 1 .
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+H~
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Eleett-ic•l ScJte,...t;c. o, Towe,.s
a bso-...be"' Cot-e. : Pb_, w
Ci bso .. ~ea- l--od. : Pb,, w,, Du
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The sampling fraction for a tube calorimeter computed along the random
path perpendicular to the tube axis is equal to _
I • ext t diam [mm] 10 10 20 20 10 10 I .... ""
.gap fmmJ 1 2 1 2 1 2 i :c:r.- - -·- ...
•P fatmJ 50 ----· -
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' I
• sampl. frac. [%] i .39 .92 .18 ' .39 .25 .60 4 • • • • ·~ -
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)
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somplinq fraction
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--I u • .. E u
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14 CF4 -Ar
13 • CF4
IZ
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9
8
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4
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z t%CF4 90%.t.r
~ 99%Ar
I Ar
0 0 0.5 lO t.5 z.o 2.5
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4000 mm Begining of Magnet Area
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1 1500.000 rnm~ 1 T850.000 mm------t
1 5327 mm---------------------<
I ·J 1 000 2000 30C: 4000
SCALE IN mikneters
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Charge(Number of Electrons)•lO•
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r ABSORBER CORE
SUMMING SOARD
RIB
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HIGH PRESSURE IONIZATION CHAMBER
(END VIEW)
--- SIGNAL FEEDTHROUGH
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Now:
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