FENCING THE PROVEN WAY · Wiremark • Fencing the proven way. INTROduCTION. A stock-proof fence...

FENCING THE PROVEN WAY

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� Wiremark•Fencingtheprovenway


Wiremark•Fencingtheprovenway �

Introduction P.�

OrganisingMaterials P.3

ChoosingYourMaterials P.4

WhytheWiremark? P.5

Zinc-AluminiumWire P.5

TheProcessofFenceConstruction P.6

StrainerAssemblies P.8

FootingtheStrainers P.9

TheStay P.��

AnglePosts P.�5

RiseandDipPosts P.�6

InstallingtheSwingingFoot P.�7

LinePosts P.�8

Wiring P.�9

Knots P.�0

Stapling P.��

StrainingUpandWireTensions P.�3

Battening P.�5

Gates P.�6

RepairingFences P.�7

ElectricFencing P.�8

HorizontalEndAssembly P.30

Glossary P.33

CONTENTs

Copyright©FletcherBuildingHoldingsLimited.�006Thisbookiscopyright.Nopartmaybestoredortransmittedinanformorbyanymeans,electronicormechanical,includingrecordingorstorageinanyinformationretrievalsystems,withoutpermissioninwritingfromFletcherBuildingHoldings.Noreproductionmaybemade,whetherbyphotocopyingorbyanyothermeans,unlessalicencehasbeenobtainedfromFletcherBuildingHoldings.


� Wiremark•Fencingtheprovenway

INTROduCTIONAstock-prooffencethatcanwithstandNewZealand’sharshconditionsisessential.Itisimportanttochoosequalitymaterialssuitedtotheconditionsandmaintainahighstandardofworkmanshipwhenconstructingafence.

Themostcommonmistakeinfenceconstructioniserectingthewrongfenceforitspurpose.Groundcontourandthetypeofstockthefenceisdesignedtomanagemustbetakenintoaccount.

Thisbookletaimstohelpfarmersbyprovidingsomerecommendedtechniquesforfenceconstruction.


Wiremark•Fencingtheprovenway 3

ORGANIsING mATERIAlsBeforeyoubeginfenceconstruction,ensureyouhavewhatyouneed.Thefollowingisabroadguide:

strainerposts

lineposts

footingmaterials

stays

Wiremarkwire

battens

staples

gates(ifrequired)

gudgeons(ifrequired)

gatecatch(ifrequired)

Theexactquantityofmaterialsrequiredisdifficulttodetermineasthiswillvaryfromfencetofence.Forexample,aboundaryfencemayrequiremorewirestoaccommodateagreaterrangeofstockapplications.Askatyourlocalruralsupplymerchantforinformationonquantitiesrequired,or,forthosewhowantprofessionaladviceonallaspectsoffenceconstructionandfencingmaterials,calltheWiremarktechnicalteamon0800Wiremark(080094736�),ortheFencingContractorsAssociationofNewZealand(FCANZ)on05084FCANZ(050843��69).


4 Wiremark•Fencingtheprovenway

CHOOsING YOuR mATERIAls Ifyouwantafencethatwilllastthedistance,usehighqualitymaterialsdesignedtowithstandNewZealand’sdiverseconditions.

POSTSWhenbuyingpoststherearethreekeythingsthatyoushouldlookfor:

Uniformity–allpostsshouldbesimilarinshapeandsize.

Treatment–postsshouldbegroundtreatedtomeetthemanufacturers’specifications.

Strength–Checkthatpostsarefreeofknots,andchecktheirdensitytoensurethattheyaredurable.

WIREWhenbuyingwirecheckforthefollowing:

Labelling–checkthelabellingtoensurethatthewirehasanadequateprotectivecoatingasthiswilldeterminethelifespanofthewire.

Ductility–thewireshouldbeeasytohandleandshouldn’ttangle.

Suitability–checkthegaugeandtensilestrengthofthewiretoensurethatyouhavetherightwireforthetype/purposeofthefencebeingconstructed.Eg.4mmheavygalvanisedwireissuitableforequinefencing.



WHY THE WIREmARk? TheWiremarkistheonlymarkofqualitywhichendorseswirethathasbeenmadeinNewZealandforourtoughconditions.

Performancetestedforstrengthandductility,allwirethatcarriestheWiremarkhasaprotectivecoatingthatexceedstheNewZealandFencingWireStandard(NZS347�)andensuresthatthewirecanwithstandNewZealandconditions.

What’smore,Wiremarkwireiseasytotieandwon’ttangle,savingyoutimeandensuringwire-handlingisabreeze.

Whenyouneedwire,askfortheWiremark–tobeconfidentyou’vegottherightwireforNewZealandconditions.

ZINC-AlumINIum WIREZinc-aluminiumwiresaredesignedforuseincorrosiveareas,suchascoastalorsulphuricregions,orwhenfertilisersareused.Zinc-aluminumwiresarecoatedwith5%aluminiumand95%zinc.Thesmallaluminiumadditionenhancestheperformanceofthecoating,makingitmoreresilienttocorrosion.

Zinc-aluminiumwirewilllastuptofourtimeslongerthanheavilygalvanisedwirewhenusedinthesameconditions.Askforzinc-aluminiumwirethatcarriestheWiremarklabelatyourlocalruralsupplystore.



THE PROCEss OF FENCE CONsTRuCTIONTherearemanymethodsoffenceconstruction.We’vecalledontheexperienceofsomeofNewZealand’sleadingfencingcontractorsfortipsonefficientandcorrectfenceconstruction.

Beforeyoubeginyourfenceconstruction,walktheentirelengthofthefencenotinganydirectionalchangesandthecontouroftheground.

Fenceconstructionbeginswiththeinstallationoftheendstrainerassembliesandanyangleposts.Theseshouldbeinstalledsothattheyarefirmlylodgedintheground.

Oncetheendstrainerassembliesandanglepostshavebeencorrectlypositioned,aguidewireshouldberunoutandtemporarilytensionedsothatitisstraightfrompointtopointthroughoutitsentirelength.Thiswillprovideanaccurateguideforthefencetofollow.Twowirescanbeusedtoensurethatpostsarepositionedverticallyandinline.Ifonewireispositionedforwardslightly,itwillmeanthatthepostwon’tbestraight.Solongasagapofabout5mmisleftbetweentheguidewiresandtheposts,everypostshouldbestraightalongtheentirefenceline.

Markthegroundbesidetheguidewirewherethelinepostsaretobeinstalled.Toensurethatthefencestaysparalleltotheground,identifyanychangesingroundcontourandalterpostspacingsaccordingly.



Thedistancebetweenlinepostsvariesdependingonthesegroundcontours,butnormallinepostspacingisbetween4to5metresforaboundaryfence.

Postinstallationbeginswiththemainriseposts(highestpointsofthefenceline)andthemaindipposts(lowestpointsofthefenceline).Oncethesehavebeeninstalledandtheguidewire(s)attachedtothem,itthenallowsthefencertoinstalltheotherlinepostscorrectly.

Thechosenwirespacings,orgauges,arethenmarkedontoallposts.Theremaininglinewiresarerunoutandattachedtothemainriseanddipposts.Theseshouldbetheonlypoststhathaveallthelinewiresattachedbeforetensioning.

Oncealllinewiresarecorrectlytensionedandtiedoff,theremainingpostscanbestapled,startingwithanyintermediateriseanddipposts.

Beginbatteningnowifrequired.Battensmustbesetatanequaldistancebetweenposts;normalspacingisbetween0.5mto�.5m.



sTRAINER AssEmblIEsStrainerpostsmarktheend/beginningofthefenceandareconsideredthemostimportantpostsinthefenceline.Theycarrythestrainofthefenceandsupportanygatesifnecessary.

InpartsofNewZealand,wheresoilconditionsarewet,ahorizontalendassemblyissometimespreferredtoadiagonalstay.Constructionofthisisoutlinedonpage30.

Beforetheholeforthestrainerisprepared,attentionmustbegiventothesurroundinggroundcontour,asthiswilldeterminethestrainerposition.

Strainersshouldbegoodqualityandasstraightaspossible.Asageneralruleofthumb,thestrainerlengthshouldbedoublethefenceheight.Strainersthatare�00mmSED(smallenddiameter)by�.4mlongwouldsuitmostfences.

Strainersonflatgroundshouldstandverticalandonslopingground90ºtothecontouroftheland.Angleandlinepostsshouldbeplacedinthesamemanner,sotheybisecttheangleofthewiresperfectlyandensurethespacingofthewiresremainsconsistent.

Duringconstruction,itisbesttolaythestrainerbackslightlyagainstthestrain;thiswillallowforforwardmovementaftertensioning.

Whentheholeisprepared,checkforcorrectdepth–itshouldbeapproximatelyhalfofthestrainerlength.Oncetheposthasbeendroppedin,checkforcorrectheightandensureitisstandingagainstthestaysideofthehole.

��00

mm

��00

mm



FOOTING THE sTRAINER Strainerpostsneedtobefirmlyfootedinthegroundtoensurethattheydon’tliftorrotate.

Footsizecanvarydependingonthetypeofground.Usuallythesoftertheground,thebiggerthefoot.Infirmgroundtwofoots380mmlongx�00mmwideshouldbesufficient.Wireusedforfootingshouldbe4mmheavilygalvanisedsteelor3.�5mmstainlesssteelwire.

Twofootsshouldbeplacedoneithersideofthestraineratthebottomofthehole.Ablockoftimbershouldthenbelaidacrossthebackofbothfoots,asthiswilladdextrastrengthandpreventupwardsmovement.

ConstruCtion of the foot

Thefootconsistsofapieceofgroundtreatedtimberwitha4.00mmor3.�5mmheavilygalvanisedstainlesssteelwirestapledinthemiddle,ontheundersideofthefoot.

�.Thewireshouldbeatrightanglestothefootandwellstapled.

�.Bendthewirearoundthefootandneatlywraptheshortendaroundthelongwireusingapairofpliers.Thetailsshouldbeleftlongtoavoidunravelling.

3.Straightenthelongwirebyrunningitthroughyourhands,countertothenaturalcoil/curveofthewire,whileyoustandonthefoot.

installing the foot and ramming

�.Placeonefootbesidethestrainersothatitfinishesflatagainstthebottomofthehole.Followwiththesecondfootontheotherside.


�0 Wiremark•Fencingtheprovenway

�.Checkthatthefootwiresspiralhalfaturnaroundthestrainerinthedirectionofanticipatedmovement,asthiswillavoidrotatingandlifting–ie.ifthelinewiresofthefenceleavetherightsideofthestrainer,theleftfootwireshouldbefixedontherightsideofthestrainer.

3.Stapleanywiresclearoffthegroundtoavoidcorrosion.

4.Placeablockoftimberacrossthetopofbothfootsatthebackofthestrainer.Thiswilltensionthefootwires,increasingholdingpowerandpreventingbackwardmovement.

5.Usingonestaple,staplethefootwirestothepostapproximately�50-�00mmabovethegroundtoensurethatthestaplesdon’tcomeintocontactwiththesoil.Thestapleshouldbe45ºacrossthewireanddriveninfirmlysothatthewirehastobedrawnthroughitundertension.

6.Checkthefoottoensurethatitissecurelyinplace.

7.Withthefootinplace,rammingcannowbegin.Usefourseparatefillingsasitisimportantthatthesoilaroundthefootiswellcompacted.Whileramming,constantlycheckthatthestrainerisinthedesiredposition(flatagainstthefrontofthehole).

8.Whenrammingiscomplete,thedesiredwiregaugecanbemarkedonthestrainer.Thisshouldbedoneonbothsidesandwillhelpensureaccurateandneatpositioningofwireswhentyingoff.

��00

mm

��00

mm

�50-

�00

mm


Wiremark•Fencingtheprovenway ��

THE sTAYThestayisusedtosupportthestraineragainstthestrainofthelinewires.Themorewires,themoretensionthestaymustsupport.Asuitablelengthstaythatisfreeofknotsandofgooddiametershouldbeused.Astaythatis�400mmby��5SEDisrecommended.

trimming of the stay

Careshouldbetakennottoovertrimthestay,asthisgiveslessbearingareawherecontactismade.

Aroundstayshouldbetrimmedtosquareattheendandtaperouttonothingbyabout�50to300millimetres.Theexactlengthoftrimisnottooimportant.

Oncethestayhasbeentrimmed,cutthebevelontheend.Thebevelisasmallangledfaceabovethebearingsurfaceofthestay,whichactsasasupport.Theanglethisiscutatwilldependonthegroundcontourbetweenthestrainerandthestayblock.Theobjectistogetthestayandmorticetofitflush.Thiscanbeachievedbysettingthestayagainstthestrainerwhereitsfinalpositionwillbeandthenliftingthestayabovethispositionbytheapproximatedistanceinwhichtheblockendofthestaywillbeburiedintheground.

Aparallellineshouldthenbescribedintothestayusingaflatrule/leveltoensurethatitisaccurate.

90º

�50–300mmtrim

��00

mm

�400mm

�00

mm

�00

mm


�� Wiremark•Fencingtheprovenway

Position of the stay

Opinionsvaryastohowhighorlowthestayshouldbeonthestrainers,buthalfwaybetweenthegroundandtopissuitableinmostcases.Ahighstaywillincreasetensiononthefootingandlowstaywillputtoomuchpressureonthestayblock.Theexactpositionisdeterminedbythewiregaugeandthesizeofthewiresinuse.Thestaymustnotbeinthewaywhentyingthewires.

Oncetheheighthasbeendetermined,restthetrimmedstayatthisheightandchecktoseeifitisinlinewithwherethewireswillrun.Dothisbyeithersightingthealreadystraightened,ortensionedguidewires,orbystandingbehindthestrainerandsightinginthedirectionoftheintendedfenceline.Carefulsightingandliningofthestayisveryimportantandifdoneincorrectly,maycausethemorticetobeoffcentre,resultinginthetwistingofthestrainer.

Thestayshouldbescribedtomarkwherethemorticeneedstobechiselledout.Thisshouldbeneatlydoneacrossanddowneachside,rightagainstthestay,butabout6mmto�0mmunderneath.Thisgapwillbefilledwhenthe

stayisputintothegroundandisessentialinpreventingthesplittingofthestay.Chiseloutthemorticetoabout�0mmdeep.Trythestayforfitandthenrealignasbefore.Withthestaynowfittedandinitscorrectlineposition,thestayblockcanbefitted.

6-�0

mm

6-�0

mm

�0mm

�0mm


Wiremark•Fencingtheprovenway �3

fitting of the stay BloCk

Thestayblockprovidesthestaywithextrasupportbygivingitagreaterbearingsurfacewhereitcomesintocontactwiththeground.

Failureofthestayblockmeansstrainermovement,wiretensionlossandanonstock-prooffence.Choosingasuitablestayblockwilldependonthesoiltype–thesoftertheground,thebiggerthestayblockwillneedtobe.

Wherethesubsoilisfirm,a900mmby�00mmbearingsurfaceisrequired.Insoftground,thelengthofthestayblockshouldbeincreased.

Withthestayinitsexactpositionthestayblocktrenchcanbemarkedout.Thiswillbepositionedhorizontallyintheground.Thestayshouldhitthestayblockatmidpointtoensurethebearingisinthemiddleofthestayblockandthestaydoesn’ttwistonceitcomesunderpressure.

Digoutthelengthoftheblock,andasdeepasisnecessaryforittobeinstableground.eg.subsoil.

Placetheblockinthetrenchandthumpitseveraltimesalongitslength,asthiswillensureitiswellembeddedandwon’tmoveduringthefinalfitting.

Digaslopingscarftoletthestaymeettheblock.

Insertthestayinthemorticeandloweritontotheblock.Itshouldfitabouthalfwayacrosstheblockdiameter.

sub-soil

sub-soil

�/�diam.overlap



Raiseitslightlyandinsertaspadeinbetweentheblockfaceandtheendofthestay.Useyourfoottoapplysomeweighttothestayandthumpitdowntohalfwayontheblockusingarammer.

Removethespadeandcentrethestayontheblockfaceandinperfectlinewiththefencewires.

Coverintheblockandturfitdownneatly.

sub-soil

Blockmustbecentred

tostayandrightangles

toit.

Stayfittedinparallel

linetofencewires



ANGlE POsTsAnglepostsaresubstantially-sizedpoststhatdefinechangesinthedirectionofthefence.

Anglesofupto45ºcanbesustainedbya��00mmpost,howeveranglesof45º-90ºareunderaconsiderablyhigheramountofstrain,soamoresubstantial�400mmanglepostshouldbeused.

Theinstallationofangleposts(angles)issimilartostrainers.Contour,shapeandfootingremainthesame,exceptthatthefootwiresarenotspiralledbutstapleddirectlyabovethefoot.

Itisrecommendedthatthestayshouldbealittlelowerthanhalftheheightofthepostasthisdetersstock,especiallysheep,fromrubbingunderthestayandcausingerosion.

Thestayshouldbisecttheanglecreatedbythefencewires.Thisisimportantasitensuresthattheweightandtensionofthefenceisbalancedequally.

70º

70º



RIsE ANd dIP POsTsRiseanddippostsdefinethehighandlowpointsinafenceline.Usedonlywhenneeded,thesepostsholdthefenceinlineandcounteracttheupwardsordownwardspullofthewires.

Risepostsshouldbeset�5mmhigheranddippostsshouldbeplaced�5mmlowertomaintainbottomwireheight.Thiswillensuregroundclearanceiftherisepostshouldsink,orthedippostsshouldlift.

Asdippostsareunderaconsiderableamountoftension,theyneedtobefirmlyfootedintotheground.

Oneofthemorepopularandfrequentlyusedmethodsoffootingfordippostsistheswingingfoot.



INsTAllING THE sWINGING FOOT

Withyourpostintheholeandcorrectlypositioned,ramaroundthebottomoftheposttoensurethatyourrammerfits.

Bendthefootwireflatalongtheheelofthefoot,sothatitisparalleltothefoot.

Placethefootalongsidethepostpointingdownwardandtothebottomfrontcornerofthehole.

Taptheendtodrivethepointforwardandunderthefrontfaceofthehole.Whenthewireisabout�5mmfromthefaceofthehole,ramthefootneatlyflat.Atthisstage,theheelshouldbe75mmoffthebottomofthehole.Thisisimportantasitensuresthebottomofthepostiswellheeledandwon’tshiftpositionwhenthefootisinstalled.

Withonestaple,staplethewiretothepostabovetheground.Thestapleshouldbe45ºacrossthewireanddriveninfirmlysothatthewirehastobedrawnthroughundertension.

Now,finishtherammingofthefootflattothebottomoftheholewhichwillresultinthetighteningofthefootwire.

Filltheholeonequarterwithearthandramwell.

Nowstapleoffinanapprovedmanner(outlinedonpage�0)

Ramtheearthagainasthestaplingmayhavecausedtheposttoloosenalittle.

Checkforcontour,lean,andcontinuebyrammingtheremainingearth.



lINE POsTsLineposts(alsoknownasintermediateposts),supportthewiresonthefenceandrunbetweenanyriseanddipposts.Theyareordinary-sizedpostsstrategicallyspacedtogivethefencegroundclearance.

Regardlessofwhetherround,halfround,or�/4roundposts,thetechniqueforpostinggenerallyremainsthesame.Goodcompactionishighlyimportant.Thesettingofpostsdependsonthecontouroftheland;themoreundulatingthecontourthegreaterthenumberofposts.

Inveryhillycountry,bladingoftheproposedlinecouldbeafinancialadvantageasfewerpostswouldberequired.

Aspostscanvaryinlength,itismostimportanttocheckeverypostforheightbeforestartingtoramtheeartharoundit.

Anypostwhichhasanupwardlift,shouldbeconsideredforfooting.Postsshouldbefacedneatlytothewirewiththeirstraightestportion.Someroundpostshavecracks,orsplitsandtheseshouldbeavoidedasafaceside.

Avoidanysharpbendsinthefootwiresatstapledpoints,asthisweakensthewireanditcanbreakundertension.



WIRING Wiremark-endorsedwireisperformancetestedforstrengthandductility.Usinginferiorwireproductscanleadtoinconsistenciesandhandlingissueswhich,inthelongrun,canlengthenthetimetakentoerectafenceandisinvariablymorecostly.

Beginwiringatthehigheststraineronahillycontour,asitiseasiertodragthewiredownhill.

Ensurethatyouselectthecorrectendofthecoilandputituppermostonthewiredispenser.Rememberthatthecoilmustalwaysbedispensedanticlockwise.Dispenseinasmoothmotion,asanysuddenstartsandstopscancausethewiredispensertooverrunanddropoutsidethedispenser’sguidearms.

Runoutonewireafteranotherandeithertieoff,orpushtheendsinthegroundwhenthefenceendisreached,tostopitfromrecoiling.



kNOTsWheretwowiresjointogether,astronganddurableknotisneededtoensurethattheydon’tcomeapart.

Thereareavarietyofknotswhichcanbetiedtojoinawire.Underlaboratorytests,carriedoutatPacificWire,onWiremarkwire,thefollowingresultscametolight.

Averagebreakingstrain

ReefKnot 440kgf*

Figure8Knot 470kgf

CrimpSleeve 6�0kgf

DoubleLoop �90kgf

(DoubleLoopshouldnotbeused)

*Kgfreferstokilogramsofforce.

Fromtheseresultsit’sclearthattheeasy-to-tiefigure8isoneofthebetterknots.Afterthewiresarestrainedtothecorrecttension,thesurpluswireendsoftheknotarewrappedcloselyalongthelinewireandbrokenoffclosetoit.Thisgivesasmoothfinishandwhendonecorrectlyyoushouldbeabletorunyourhandeitherwayalongthelinewire.

Reefknot

Figure8knot

HC�crimpsleeve

Figure8knotfinished

Step�–PutaloopinwireA Step�–ThreadwireBthroughtheloopinA

Figure8knot

AA

B

Step3–PositionBunderAandthenbendBbackoverAandunderitself

A

B

B

B


Wiremark•Fencingtheprovenway ��

Strainertieoff

Step4–TightentheloopinB

A

B

Step5–Pulltheknottogether

Step�–Loopthewirearoundthestrainer

A

B

A

B

Step�–BendendAaroundBandbackoveritself

Step3–TightentheloopinA

A

B

Step4–BendAbackunderB Step5–RotateAaroundwireB Step6–WrapAaroundBatleasttwotimes,ensuringeachloopfollowsthelineoftheprevious

Step7–BreakofftheendofA

A

B

A

B

A

B

A

B


�� Wiremark•Fencingtheprovenway

sTAPlINGRiseanddippostsshouldbestapledfirstandtheremainingstapledoffaftertensioning.

Stapleat45˚tothelineofthewireleavingspacesoyoucan’tquitefitasecondwirethrough.Thiswillallowthewiretofeedthroughthestapleswhentensioningandpreventwindchatter.

Onananglepost,asecondstapleshouldbeputbehindthewiresothatthewireslideseasily.

Onlongstrains,especiallyiftwoorthreeanglesareincluded,besuretoleaveoneortwo-footedpostsunstapledatthefarthestendfromwhereyouwishtostrain.Thiswillensureaneventensionalongtheentireline.

Onceallwiresaretiedoff,staplingoftheremainingpostscanbegin.Startthisbywalkingtheentirelengthofthefenceandstaplingonlysecondaryfootsandrises,asthiswilleventhewiretension.

Insharpdipsandrises,twostaplesarerecommendedforbetterholding(asshowninthediagram).

Showingmethodofdoublestaplingofpostwiringinsharpdipsandrises.Twostapleslessenangleandletwires“feedthrough”moreeasily.



sTRAINING uP & WIRE TENsIONsWhenallthepostsalongthefencelineareinplace,andanyriseanddippostshavebeenstapled,tensioningorstrainingupofthelinewirescanbegin.

Beforebeginninganystraining,thebreakingstrainofthewireshouldbenoted.Thesecanbefoundbyreadingthewirespecifications(seebackcover).Asageneralrule,wiresshouldbestrainedtoaquarterofthebreakingstrainofthewire.

Intheexampleof�.5mmhightensilewire,thebreakingstrainis6�0kgf*,givingarecommendedtensionof�50kgf.

Strainingfromtoptobottomisrecommendedasyouwillgetlesssidewaysmovementofposts.Angleposts,staysandstayblockswillalsosettlequicker,astheleverageatthetopoftheendstrainersandanglesisimmediate.

Applythechainwirestrainerstothetoptwowiresanddrawthemtoatensionof340kgfusingawiretensionindicator.Thisispre-stressingtensiononly,andwilldrawthefencewiretothefurthermostend,bedding/lockingitinonthestrainer.

Pullitthroughanystaples,whichmayhavebeenincorrectlydriven,orskewedandcloseupanyreeforfigure8knotswhichmayhavebeentied.

Nowslackenoffthetopwireuntilthechainwirestrainersaresagging.Thenre-tensionsothatthefinishedtiedoffwireis�50kgf,therecommendedtensiontotieafenceoffat.

Typicalwiretensiongauge



Removethechainstrainersandpre-stresstheNo.3wirewiththem.

SlackenNo.�andre-tensionetc.andworkdownthestrainerpostfromtoptobottom.

Stapleofftherestofthewires.

Note:Donothavemorethantwowiresat340kgfatonce,asthiscouldbedamagingtodip,angleandstrainerposts.

*kgfreferstokilogramsofforce



bATTENINGToensurethatwirespacingremainsconsistent,andtoimprovestockretention,woodenbattensshouldbestapledtothefencebetweenanylineposts.

Thepurposeofbattensistomaintainwirespacingsothatcattlecan’tpushtheirheadsthroughthefence.Evenifpostsarethreemetresapart,atleastonebattenisdesirable.

Toensureevenbattenspacingbetweenposts,usealengthofelasticwiththenumberofbattensbeingusedmarkeduponit.Whenstretchedbetweenpoststhiswillensureevenbattenspacing.

Placethebattenagainstthewireswithabout50mmabovethetopwireandholditwithsomepressureappliedwithyourknee.

Staplethefivetopwireswhileholdingitinthismanner.Checkthatthebattenisatanexactrightangletothewire.

Hangallbattensinthismethodandstapletheremainingwiresfromtheoppositeside.Staplesmustbeskewedandstaggeredalternatively.Alsotheymustbedrivenfirmlyin,actuallycausinganimpressionbythewireinthetimber.Atnostageshoulddaylightbeseenbetweenstapleandwire.

Checkthatallbattensareuniforminheightabovethetopwire,butnothigherthantheposts.Squareoffbattenspriortostapling.Ifyoustraightenthebattenafterstapling,youmayneedtore-hammerthestaplesastheymayhaveloosened.

Correctmethodofstaplingbattens.Eachstapleisskewedinalternatedirectionsandalsostaggeredfromonesideofthebattentotheother.

Skewingstopsbattensslidingalongthewires.

Staggeringstopsbattenstwistingoffwiresandalsosplittingonstraightgrainedtimbers.



GATEsEveryeffortshouldbemadetohavegatetopsandstrainerslevelatalltimes.Correctpositioningofstrainersinrelationtocontourisimportantforsuccessfulgatehanging.

Thestraineronwhichthegateishungmustbeatrightanglestothegroundinthegateway.Itispossibletohangagateonslopinggroundbyobservingthisrule.

Clampsonsteelgatesmustbeasfarapartaspossible,thatis,justbelowthebendatthetopandbetweenthesecond-to-bottomandthebottombars.

Aftertheseadjustmentshavebeenmade,standthegateinthegatewaylevelwiththetopofthestrainer.Checktoseethegateisplumb,andthenmarkjustundertheeyesofthehinges.Ifthegateisnotplumb,itwilleitherriseorfallasitopens.Wherepossible,gatesshouldbeabletoopenbackagainstthefence.

CORRECT

INCORRECT

Onwoodengatestopstrapdownontopbar.Bottomstrapuponbottombar.StrapsMUSTbeequaldistancefromuprighttohingeeye.

Becarefultopositiongatesogudgeonisinapositiontocleargateonopeningandwillnotbecomehingebound.

Hanginggates–Strainermuststand90ºtocontourofgateway.



REPAIRING FENCEsLivestock,weatherandhumaninterferencecanallcausedamagetoafence.Repairstofencesarearelativelysimpleprocedure,asquiteoftenonlythewireswillneedtobereplaced.

how to rePair a Broken or damaged fenCe

Firstofallassessthedamagetothefenceandestablishatwhatpointthestrengthofthefencelinehasbeencompromised.

Parebackthefencetoanappropriatedistancefromeithersideofthedamagedarea.

Replaceanydamagedposts.Besuretochecktheendstrainerpostsandstaystoensurethattheirstrengthhasn’tbeencompromised.

Runoutnewwires,connectingthenewwireswiththeoldwires.Thiscanbedonebyusingastrongknotsuchasafigure8.

Strainupeachofthenewwires,startingfromtoptobottom.

Re-straineachwiretothecorrectwiretension.Note:Wireswillneedtobere-strainedtogether,oratthesametimeusingseparatetensioners.

Tieoffthewiresandreplaceanybattensasrequired.



ElECTRIC FENCINGThefundamentaldifferencebetweenatraditionalfenceandanelectricfenceisthenatureofitsstockretention.Anelectricfencereliesonapulseofelectricitytoretainstock,whereasatraditionalfencereliessolelyonitsstructure.

Electricfencesaregenerallyusedoncattleandlivestockfarmsforgreatergrazingflexibility.

materials needed

Aselectricfenceconstructionisrelativelysimilartonormalfenceconstruction,thefollowingisalistofextracomponentsthatareneeded:

Energiser–Thepowersupplyforanenergisercanbemains,solar,orbatterypowered.

Insulators–Endandpostinsulatorsarerequiredtocontainelectricityandstopearthing.

Undergroundcables–Usedforgatewaystocarryontheelectricityflow.

Linetaps–Connectthewirescarryingpowerthroughthefence.

On/offswitches–Usedtoisolatesectionsofthefence.

Earthrod–Usedtocompletethecircuitandshouldbemadeofgalvanisedsteel.

Foranelectricfencetobeeffective,allwiresmustbecompletelyinsulatedandawayfromtheground.

Wireshouldbeinsulatedfromthestrainerwithanendinsulator.

Asthestrainofthewireisnotcrucialtostockretention,itshouldbetensionedatapproximatelyhalfthenormaltensionforce(80kgf*for�.5mmhightensile).

Theconnectorwirebetweentheenergiserandthefenceshouldbemadeofzinc-coatedwirewrappedinahighdensityplastic,orpolycoatedjacket.Itshouldbeconnectedtothepositivesideoftheelectricfenceunitandshouldbeplacedundergroundtoprotectitfromcattledamage.

Iftheenergiserispoweredbyamainssystem,thisshouldbesetupinanundercoverarea.Ifusingabatterypowered,orsolarpoweredenergiser,ensurethatitisplacedclosetothefencelineontheoppositesideofwherelivestockisgrazing.Bothshouldbeinstalledsothattheydon’tcomeintocontactwiththeground,asmoisturecancausedamage.

Earthrodsensurethattheelectriccircuitiscomplete.Ideallytheywouldbeplacedatregularthreemetreintervalsalongthefenceline.

Wherelivewiresneedtobeconnectedtoeachother,lineclampsshouldbeplacedacrossthewiretocreateabridgefortheelectricitytotravelover.

Testthecurrent/powerofthefencetoensurethatyoumeetthemanufacturer’sspecifications.Thiscanbedoneusingelectricfencetesters.

Ensurethattheon/offswitchfortheenergiserislocatedsomewherewhereitcaneasilybeaccessed,shouldthepowertothefenceneedtobecut.




Foranelectricfencetobeeffective,allwiresmustbecompletelyinsulatedandawayfromtheground.

Wireshouldbeinsulatedfromthestrainerwithanendinsulator.

Asthestrainofthewireisnotcrucialtostockretention,itshouldbetensionedatapproximatelyhalfthenormaltensionforce(80kgf*for�.5mmhightensile).

Theconnectorwirebetweentheenergiserandthefenceshouldbemadeofzinc-coatedwirewrappedinahighdensityplastic,orpolycoatedjacket.Itshouldbeconnectedtothepositivesideoftheelectricfenceunitandshouldbeplacedundergroundtoprotectitfromcattledamage.

Iftheenergiserispoweredbyamainssystem,thisshouldbesetupinanundercoverarea.Ifusingabatterypowered,orsolarpoweredenergiser,ensurethatitisplacedclosetothefencelineontheoppositesideofwherelivestockisgrazing.Bothshouldbeinstalledsothattheydon’tcomeintocontactwiththeground,asmoisturecancausedamage.

Earthrodsensurethattheelectriccircuitiscomplete.Ideallytheywouldbeplacedatregularthreemetreintervalsalongthefenceline.

Wherelivewiresneedtobeconnectedtoeachother,lineclampsshouldbeplacedacrossthewiretocreateabridgefortheelectricitytotravelover.

Testthecurrent/powerofthefencetoensurethatyoumeetthemanufacturer’sspecifications.Thiscanbedoneusingelectricfencetesters.

Ensurethattheon/offswitchfortheenergiserislocatedsomewherewhereitcaneasilybeaccessed,shouldthepowertothefenceneedtobecut.




HORIZONTAl ENd AssEmblY

Wherethesoiltypeisunabletoadequatelysupportastayandstayblockahorizontalendassemblycanbeused.

Themainstrainerismechanicallydrivenintotheground.Itshouldbeasubstantialpost,�400mminlengthwithanSEDof�00mm.

DeterminethepositionoftheNo.�post,whichis��00mmby�50mmSED.Thisisdonebylayingthestay,whichis�400mmby��5mmSED,onthegroundandallowingforittooverlapbothpostsby30–40mm.

DrivetheNo.�postintothefenceline.

PlacethestayacrossthestrainerandNo.�postsothatitsitscentreonbothand30–40mmfromtheedge.

Morticethestayintobothpoststogiveitmaximumbearingsurface.Itshouldbepositionedwithaflushfit,asthiswillensurethatthestaydoesnotpenetratetheposts.Thestayshouldsit75mmfromthetopofthestrainerandNo.�posts.

NOTE:Thepointwherethestaymeetsthepostareconsideredtobethecompressionjoint,soitisveryimportanttoensurethatitismorticedcorrectly.


Wiremark•Fencingtheprovenway 3�

the BraCe wire

Beforebracing,checkthatallpostsarepositionedcorrectlyandattherightdepth.

Choosingtherightwireandcorrectinstallationiscrucial.Wiremarkzincaluminium�.5mmHTwireisideal,asitsstrengthandductilitysuitstheapplication.

Toapplythebracewireyouwillneedthreecontinuousloopsofwire.TheseshouldbeplacedinlineandoverthetopofeachotherstartingfromthebottombackofthestrainerandgoingtothetopbackoftheNo.�post.

First,half-driveonestaplehorizontallyatthebackofthestrainerandapproximately�00mmfromtheground.Thenhalf-driveanotherstaple75mmdownfromthetopbackoftheNo.�posttosupportthewires.

Placewirestrainersoneitherendofthewirethatmakesupthethreecontinuousloops,andtighten.Useyourhandtooccasionallyworkthewireoutevenly.

Duringtensioning,laythestrainerbackenoughtoallowforloading/tensiononthelinewires.Thiswillhappenasthebracewireistightened.

Totieoffthebracewires,useanon-slipwirejointoracrimpsleeve,asthiswillmaintainthefullstrengthofthebraceandensurethatnotensionislost.Beforetying,thestrainershouldbelaidbackapproximately�5mmtoallowformovement.

Finally,adjustanystaples,ensuringthatthewirecanstillmovefreelythroughthemandsupporttheloopwiresintheirintendedposition.


3� Wiremark•Fencingtheprovenway

��00

mm

40mm40mm�4

00m

m

75mm

75mm

�00mm



GlOssARYAnglepost–Thesepostsareusedtodefineachange

inthedirectionofafence.Theyareamoresubstantialpostthatisstayedforextrasupport.

Battening–Thisreferstothestaplingofwoodenbattenstothefencebetweenlinepoststoretainwirespacingandimprovestockretention.

Bevel–Thebevel(orchamfer)isusedtotakethesharpedgesofftheposttops.

Blading/Groundclearance–Thisisthelevellingofgroundcontourbeforefenceconstruction,whichhelpstokeepthewiresclearofftheground.Thisisusuallydonewithbulldozers.

Dipposts–Thesepostsdefinethegulliesorlowpointsinthefenceline.Theyareusuallyfootedastheyareholdingthefencedownandaresubjecttolifting.

Foot–Thepieceofwoodplacedatthebottomofstrainerpoststoaddstrengthandpreventtwistingandliftingofthepostwhenunderpressure.Thesizeofthefootneededwillvarydependingongroundconditionsandsoiltypes.Footsarealsousedtosecuredipposts.

Gudgeons–Theseareusedtofixandsupportagatetothestrainerpost.

Guidewire–Thisdefinesthelineofthefenceduringconstruction.Itisawirethatrunsfromoneendofthefencetotheotherendandaroundanyangleposts.

Jenny–Wiredispenserusedtoreeloutor‘payout’wirealongthefenceline.

Lineposts–Theseare‘intermediateposts’thatareplacedbetweenthestrainer,riseanddippoststoholdthefenceandwiresupright.



Linewires–Thesearethemainfencewiresputontothefenceduringconstruction.Thequantityoflinewirescanvarydependingonthefence’spurpose.

Mortice–Thisisthechiselledoutareaandsupportjointwherethestayisjoinedtoastrainerpost.Itaddsextrasupport.

Ramming–Referstothemethodusedtosecurethestrainerandanglepostsintheground.Itinvolvescompactingofsoil,sub-soilandtopsoilaroundthepostandfooting.

Riseposts–Thesepostsdefinethehighpointsorrisesinthefencelineandareusuallyonlyneededwherethereishillycontour.

Rotating–Referstotheturningortwistingofthepostinthehole,whichisdetrimentaltothefence.Itcanbecorrectedwithfooting.

SED–Smallenddiameter.

Stay–Thispostisusedtosupportthestrainerandanglepostsagainstthestrainofthelinewires.Itrunsonananglefromtheupperendoftheposttotheground.

Stayblock–Thisistheblock(sometimesreferredtoasthedeadman)thatthestayrestson.Itworksbygivingthestayagreaterbearingsurfaceintheground.

Strainer–Thisistheendpost(mainpost)ofthefenceandthemainstraincarrierofthewires.

Tensioning–Thisreferstothetighteningofthewiresonthefence.

Tyingoff–Thisisdoneafterthetensioningofthewireshasbeendoneandreferstothetyingofwirestotheendstrainerpost.

Wiregauge–Referstothesizeandthediameterofthewire.

Wiregauging–Referstothewirespacingonthefence.



NOTEs



WIREmARk® FENCING WIRE REFERENCE TAblE

diameter us

GAUGE

mm

minimum length 25kg coil (nominal

weight) feetmetres

min breaking

load kgforce

Recommended tension

kgforce

min Zinc

Weight g/m�

min Zinc- Aluminium

g/m�

High Tensile

16 �.60 5�97�584 ��0 80 �00

14 �.00 33�3�0�3 395 ��0 ��5

12.5 �.50 ��6650 6�0 �50 �60 4life�60�life�30

10.75 3.�5 �339408 835 �00 �40

9.75 3.55 �0533�� 5 �50 �50

8 4.00 830�53 �405 300 �60

Extra Heavy High Tensile

10.75 3.�5 �339408 365 �50 360

soft Wire or low Tensile

14 �.00 33�3�0�3 �40 65 �40

12.5 �.50 ��6648 ��5 80 �60

10.75 3.�5 �339408 365 �50 �75

9.75 3.55 �0533�� 460 �00 �75

8 4.00 830�53 590 �50 �90

7 4.50 656�00 745 3�5 �90


CHOOsING THE RIGHT WIRE

Application Recommended wire

High tensile soft/low tensile

Electricfencing �.60mm,�.00mm,�.50mm

�.50mm

Leadoutwires(forelectricfencing)

�.50mmand3.�5mm

Coastal,corrosivesituations

ZincAluminiumAlloycoated–�.50mm,3.�5mm

ZincAluminiumAlloycoated–3.�5mm,4.00mm

Bracewiresinendassemblies

�.50mm,3.�5mm,4.00mm

Supportwiresinoverheadirrigationsystems

�.60mm,�.00mm

Trainingwiresandoverheadsupportwiresfororchardapplications

�.50mmand3.�5mm

Tieback,artificialshelterapplicationsandcanopysupportwires

3.55mm,4.00mm

Temporaryelectricandstrip

�.60mm,�.00mm

Tyingandlacingwire �.50mm

Horsecontainment 4.00mm

Footingwire 4.50mm


FENCING THE PROVEN WAY · Wiremark • Fencing the proven way. INTROduCTION. A stock-proof fence...

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Transcript of FENCING THE PROVEN WAY · Wiremark • Fencing the proven way. INTROduCTION. A stock-proof fence...