Female Reproducve Anatomy
Transcript of Female Reproducve Anatomy
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Chapter 27: Reproductive System 1
FemaleReproduc.veAnatomy
• Ovariesaretheprimaryfemalereproduc4veorgans
• Makefemalegametes(ova)
• Secretefemalesexhormones(estrogenandprogesterone)
• Accessoryductsinclude
• uterinetubes,uterus,andvagina
• Internalgenitalia
• Ovariesandtheinternalducts
• Externalgenitalia
• Externalsexorgans
FemaleReproduc.veAnatomy
Figure 27.11
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Chapter 27: Reproductive System 2
Ovaries
• Bloodsupply
• Ovarianarteriesandtheovarianbranchoftheuterineartery
• Consistof
• Germinalepithelium
• Layerofsimplecuboidalepithelium
• Coversoutsideofovaries
• Con4nuouswithperitoneum
Ovaries
• Tunicaalbuginea
• Capsuleoffibrousconnec4ve4ssue,deeptogerminal
• Stroma
• Connec4ve4ssuedeeptotunicaalbuginea
• Cortex
• Outerdenselayerofstromacontainingovarianfollicles
• Medulla
• InnerlooseCTlayerofstroma
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Chapter 27: Reproductive System 3
Ovaries• Eachfollicle
• Consistsofanimmatureeggcalledanoocyte
• Inadultwoman
• Onefoliclematureseachmonth(typically)
• Ruptures,releasingtheoocyte
• Ovula4on
• Invariousstagesofdevelopmentinclude
• Primaryfollicles,Graafianfollicles,corpusluteum
• Cellsaroundtheoocytearecalled:
• Folliclecells(onecelllayerthick)
• Granulosacells(whenmorethanonelayerispresent)
Ovaries
• Primordialfollicle
• Onelayerofsquamouslikefolliclecellssurroundstheoocyte
• Primaryfollicle
• Twoormorelayersofcuboidalgranulosacellsenclosetheoocyte
• Secondaryfollicle
• Hasafluid‐filledspacebetweengranulosacellsthatcoalescestoformacentralantrum
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Chapter 27: Reproductive System 4
Ovaries• Graafianfollicle
• Secondaryfollicleatitsmostmaturestage
• Bulgesfromthesurfaceoftheovary
• Ovula4on
• Ejec4onoftheoocytefromtheripeningfollicle
• Corpusluteum
• RupturedfollicleaRerovula4on
• Initallybrieflyacorpushemorrhagicum
• Fillswithfatcells
• Producesprogesteroneandestrogen
• ~10days
• Ifnopregnancyoccurs‐degeneratestocorpusalbicans
Ovaries
Figure 27.12
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Chapter 27: Reproductive System 5
OvarianPosi.on• Pairedorgans
• Oneachsideoftheuterus
• Heldinplacebyseveralligaments
• Ovarianligament
• Anchorstheovarymediallytotheuterus
OvarianPosi.on• Suspensoryligament
• Anchorstheovarylaterallytothepelvicwall
• OvarianarteriesandnervesfromPNS/ANStravelinsuspensoryligament
• Broadligament
• Partofparietalperitoneum
• Mesosalpinx,mesovarium,mesometrium
• Alsosuspendsuterus,uterinetubes,vagina
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Chapter 27: Reproductive System 6
TheOvaries
Figure 27.14a
UterineTubes(FallopianTubesorOviducts)
• ~4incheslong
• Extendsuperior‐laterallyfromuterusinbetweenfoldsofbroadligament
• Mesosalpinx
• Isthmus
• Short,narrow,thickwalledpor4onataYachmenttouterus
• Ampulla
• Distalend
• Widestandlongestpor4on
• Curvesaroundovary
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Chapter 27: Reproductive System 7
UterineTubes(FallopianTubesorOviducts)
• Infundibulum
• Funnel‐shaped
• Os4um‐opening
• Fimbrae‐fingerlikeprojec4onsaroundos4um
• Collectovumfromovary
• Doesnottouchovary
UterineTubeHistology• Threelayers
• Innerlayer‐mucosa
• Bea4ngciliaonthefimbriae
• Createcurrentstocarrytheoocyteintotheuterinetube
• Carriedtowardtheuterusbyperistalsisandciliaryac4on
• Nonciliatedcells
• Keeptheoocyteandthespermnourishedandmoist
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Chapter 27: Reproductive System 8
UterineTubeHistology
• Threelayers
• Middlelayer
• Thickcircular,thinlongitudinalsmoothmuscle
• Peristal4ccontrac4on
• Outerlayer
• Serosa
Uterus
• Siteof
• Menstrua4on,implanta4on,development,labor,delivery
• Hollow,thick‐walledorgan
• Locatedinthepelvis
• Anteriortotherectumandposterosuperiortothebladder
• Subdivisions
• Fundus–roundedregionsuperiortotheentranceoftheuterinetubes
• Body–major,taperingpor4onofuterus
• Isthmus–narrowedregionbetweenthebodyandcervix
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Chapter 27: Reproductive System 9
Uterus
• Cervix
• Narrowneckwhichprojectsintothevaginainferiorly
• Cervicalcanal–cavityofthecervixthatcommunicateswith:
• Thevaginaviatheexternalos
• Theuterinebodyviatheinternalos
• Anteversion
• Fundusandbodyofuterusflexedanteriorlyrela4vetocervix
• Retroversion‐opposite
UterineWall• Composedofthreelayers
• Perimetrium
• Outermostserouslayer
• Visceralperitoneum
• Laterallybecomesbroadligament
• Myometrium
• Middlelayer
• Interlacinglayersofsmoothmuscle
• Thickestinfundus
• Thinnestincervix
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Chapter 27: Reproductive System 10
UterineWall
• Endometrium
• Mucosalliningoftheuterinecavity
• Twoprincipallayers
• Stratumfunc4onalis(func4onallayer)
• Undergoesdevelopmentalchangesduringmenstrualcycle
• Eachmonththickensandbecomesengorgedwithbloodinprepforimplanta4on
• Stratumbasale(basallayer)
• Permenantlayer
• Responsibleforongoingproduc4onoffunc4onallayerfollowingmenstrua4on
• Thicklaminapropria
UterineWall
Figure 27.15b
(functional layer)
(basal layer)
(endometrial)
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Chapter 27: Reproductive System 11
SupportsoftheUterus• Lateralcervical(orcardinal)ligaments
• Extendfromthecervixandsuperiorpartofthevaginatothelateralwallsofthepelvis
• Uterosacralligaments
• Pairedligamentsthatsecuretheuterustothesacrum
• Roundligaments
• Betweenlayersofbroadligament
• Bindtheanteriorwalltothesubcutaneouslabiamajorathroughtheinguinalcanal
Vagina
• Canal
• Internallybetweenbladderandrectum
• Extendsfromcervixtoexteriorofbody
• 3layers
• Inner(mucosa)‐stra4fiedsquamousepithelium
• Withtransverserugae
• Middle‐longitudinalsmoothmuscle
• Outer‐Fibroelas4cadven44a
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Chapter 27: Reproductive System 12
Vagina
• Vaginalfornix–upperendofthevaginasurroundingthecervix
• 3parts‐anterior,lateral,posterior
• Introitus‐vaginalorifice
• Mucosanearthevaginalorificeformsanincompletepar44on
• Hymen
• Nomucousglands
• Mucousfromcervix
• Secretesglycogen
• Metabolizesintolac4cacid
• LowpHchecksmicrobialgrowth
Vagina
Figure 27.16
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Chapter 27: Reproductive System 13
ExternalGenitalia:Vulva(Pudendum)• Femaleexternalgenitaliaandincludes
• Monspubis,labia,clitoris,andves4bularstructures
• Monspubis
• Round,faYyareaoverlyingthepubicsymphysis
• Labiamajora
• Elongated,hair‐covered(outersurface),faYyskinfolds
• Homologoustothemalescrotum
• Largeamountofsebaceousglands
• Labiaminora
• Hair‐freeskinfoldslyingwithinthelabiamajora
• Homologoustotheventralpenis
• Highlyvascular