Feedlot presentation dr david hutcheson

U.S. - PAKISTAN PARTNERSHIP FOR AGRICULTURAL MARKET DEVELOPMENT U.S. - PAKISTAN PARTNERSHIP FOR AGRICULTURAL MARKET DEVELOPMENT U.S. - PAKISTAN PARTNERSHIP FOR AGRICULTURAL MARKET DEVELOPMENT

Nutrition and

Feedlot Business Model David Hutcheson, Ph.D.

Animal Agricultural Consulting International

Scroggins, Texas

Email [email protected]

U.S. - PAKISTAN PARTNERSHIP FOR AGRICULTURAL MARKET DEVELOPMENT

Pakistan Cattle

Bos Indicus Bos Taurus

Sahiwal Cholistani Red Sindhi

Holstein

Non descript

Market Cattle Purchased for Feedlots and Abattior

150kg to 300 g

Crossbred

Impressions and Evaluations



• Cattle – 42 million

• Qurbani – 3 to 4 million cattle

– Cattle fed and 24 months old

– 250 to 650 kg

• Ramadan – 2 to 3 million cattle

– 250 to 400 kg

• Export – 500,000

– 240 to 320 kg



• Forages – Rhodes Grass - Rye grass – Maize – Sorghum – Alfalfa – Berseem

- Residues (Straw)

• Grains – Maize –Wheat- Potatoes

• By Products – Wheat Bran – Maize Bran – Oil Seed Cakes – Rice Polishing

– Bakery Waste – Molasses – Maize Gluten – Beet Pulp – Other Agro Manufacturing by Products


Impression and Evaluation

• Export Market – Export Demand

• Directly from Market

• Fed Cattle

• Feedlot Development – Produce and consistent supply of Export Beef

– Produce a better quality carcass Export Beef

– Produce Domestic Market


Impression and Evaluation Challenge

• Cattle Availability – Qurbani and Ramadan Market

• Specific time period

– Export and Domestic Market

• Daily Demand

• Development Feedlots – Available Feedstuffs

– Cost Effective Production


Impression and Evaluation Challenge

• Develop New Export Markets – Control of FMD

– OIE Guidelines

• Compartment

• Zone


Lets Feed Cattle


Processing

• OIE Foot Mouth Disease (FMD) protocol

• Recommended Vaccinations

• De Worming

– External Parasites

– Internal Parasites


Gross Energy Feed Intake

Fecal Energy Losses

Feed Origin - Endogenous Origin

Digestible Energy

1. Urinary Energy Losses - Feed Origin - Endogenous

2. Gaseous Products of Digestion Losses

Metabolizable Energy

Heat Increment Losses

Heat of Fermentation - Heat of Nutrient Utilization Net Energy

1. Maintenance

Basal Metabolism -Voluntary Activity - Thermoregulation

2. Production Growth Gain - Muscle - Lipid

subtract

subtract

subtract

Nutrition Science


Energy Feeds

• Starch

– Highly Digestible

– Can lead to acidosis

• Neutral Detergent Fiber

– Energy source that is not Starch

• Net energy of maintenance

• Net energy of Gain


Nutrition Science

• Formulation - Best Cost Ration

– Percent Moisture

– Crude Protein

– Net Energy of Maintenance

– Net Energy of Gain

• Predict Intake and Gain

– Net Energy of Maintenance

– Net Energy of Gain

• Protein

– Muscle development (meat)


Nutrition Science

Days Dry Matter Consumption Body Weight

1-7 1.5 % (0.55)a

1- 14 2.3 % (0.50)a a Standard deviation

Starting Cattle


Nutrition Science

Ingredients Starter Rhodes Grass Hay % 20.0

Wheat Bran,% 34.0

Rice Polishing , % 22.0

Maize , % 12.0

Cane Molasses 10.0 Minerals, Vitamins and other,% 2.0

Total 100

Starter Ration


Nutrition Science

Ingredients Starter Rhodes Grass Green Chop % 20.0

Wheat Bran,% 34.0

Rice Polishing , % 22.0

Maize , % 12.0

Cane Molasses 10.0 Minerals, Vitamins and other,% 2.0

Total 100

Starter Ration


Nutrition Science

Nutrient Dry Matter Basis

Protein ,% 13.5- 14.5

Net Energy of Maintenance (NEM) Mcal/kg 1.50 – 1.65

Net Energy of Gain (NEG) Mcal/Kg .80 – 1.10

Calcium, % 0.75 – 1.0

Phosphorus, % 0.3 – 0.4

Potassium, % 1.20 – 1.40

Vitamin A and E +

Minerals and Other +

Dry Matter, % 80 - 85

Ration Specifications Starter


Nutrition Science

Nutrient As fed Dry Matter

Dry Matter % 87.8 100 NEM MCAL/kg 0.67 1.47 NEG MCAL/kg 0.43 0.94 Crude Protein % 12.6 14.3 Crude Fat 3.3 3.8 Crude Fiber % 9.9 11.3

NDF (Neutral Digestible Fiber) 24.6 28.1 ADF (Acid Detergent Fiber) 12.0 13.6 Cost/Kg, $Rs Hay 16.5 17.7

Cos/kg, $Rs Green Chop 15.5 21.1

Starter Calculated Nutrients


Nutrition Science

Ingredients Percentage

Corn Silage % 20.0

Wheat Bran % 33.0

Rice Polishing % 33.0

Maize % 12.0

Minerals, Vitamins and other % 2.0

Total 100

Feed Formulation Finisher Ration


Nutrition Science

Nutrient Dry Matter Basis

Protein ,% 13.5 – 14.5

Net Energy of Maintenance (NEM) Mcal/kg 1.80 – 1.90

Net Energy of Gain (NEG) Mcal/Kg 1.15 – 1.25

Calcium, % 0.65 – .75

Phosphorus, % 0.3 – 0.4

Vitamin A +

Vitamin E +

Dry Matter, % 65 - 80

Ration Specifications Finisher


Nutrition Science

Nutrient As fed Dry Matter Dry Matter % 78.4 100

NEM MCAL/kg 0.84 1.85

NEG MCAL/kg 0.55 1.20

Crude Protein % 10.8 13.8

Crude Fat 4.0 5.1

Crude Fiber % 4.9 6.3

NDF 14.00 17.86

ADF 6.31 8.05

Cost/Kg, $Rs 16.72 21.32

Finisher Ration Calculated Nutrients


Nutrition Science

Item As Fed

Dry Matter

Intake Kg TMR 8.6 6.6

Percent Body Weight Intake, % 2.88 2.26

Feed To gain 7.29 5.43

Average Daily Gain , kg/daily 1.20 Cost per Day 140.72 Cost per kg of gain 117.28

Finishing Phase 2

Finishing Ration Performance and Cost


Nutrition Science - Art

Ingredient % Accumulate Individual

Maize Silage 20 200 200

Wheat Bran 33 530 330

Rice Polishing 33 860 330

Maize 12 980 120

Minerals, Vitamins and other 2 1000 20

Mix the Ration Total Mixed Ration - Develop a Batch Sheet



Feeding

• Feed 2 times per day

• Evening Feed 55 % to 65 %

• Morning Feed 35 % to 45 %

• Feed TMR



Day 1 of Arrival Good Quality Hay 1.5% Body weight

Day 2 -3 1% BW Hay and 0.5% Starter TMR

Day 3 -4 0.5 % BW Hay plus 1.0% Starter TMR

Day 5 to 15 Starter TMR

15 to 18 days 75% starter and 25 % Finisher

18 to 21 days 50% Starter and 50% Finisher

21 to 24 days 25% Starter and 50% Finisher

Day 25 to end Finisher Feed

Starting and Finisher Cattle


Nutrition Science - Heat Stress

Lower Upper

Critical Critical

Temperature Temperature

Intake

NEM

Cold Heat

Stress Stress

TMZ

Cool Warm

Cattle 00

240

(320) (74.3

0)

Low High

EFFECTIVE AMBIENT TEMPERATURE

450 to 500


Nutrition Science

• Heat Stress

– Increase Energy for Maintenance

– Decrease Intake

– Alters Digestion

– Alters Nutrient Absorption

– Alters Metabolism

– Alters Acid Base Regulation

– Alters Physiological Functions



Environmental

–Clean Cool Water

–Air Movement

– Tied Cattle

• Un Tie

• Give more space

Heat Stress


• Protein

– Increase Undegradeable Protein (By

Products that are heat treated)

• Energy

– Increase Fat (7% dry Matter)

– Higher NDF

• Minerals (DMB)

– Na 0.3 - 0.4

– K 1.2 - 1.5

– Mg 0.25 - 0.35

Nutrition Science - Art Ration Changes


Demands For

Optimum

Performance

Production

Needs

Maintenance

Needs

Weaning

Critical Events

Source

Disease

Co-mingling

Transportation

Environment


Feedlot Business Model 1 (Most Popular)

Markets

Feedlots Finish Farms

Cattle Purchase Weights 160 to 240

Contract Sell Direct

Abattoir

Cattle Sale Weights 280 to 350


Feedlot Business Model 2 (Proposed by Exporter)

Markets

Lariage Abattoir Sorted by Feedlot

Qurbani and Ramadan

Feedlots Finisher Finish Cattle for 60 to 90 days

Abattoir

Cattle Purchase weights 180 to 250


90 kg to 220 kg 110 to 130 days

220 kg to 400 kg 150 to 160 days

Dairy Milk Feeding 60 days

Grower Feedlot Feedlot

Feedlot Business Model 3 - Dairy Beef

High Quality Export Meat

Weaning

Calf 1 to 3 days of age Birth to 90 kg to 100 kg 90 to 110 days


Way Forward

• Feedlot – Feed and Economic Management Program

– Improve Feeding Program To Best Cost Of Gain

– Feed To Receive Maximum Intake Let Cattle Tell When To Increase Feed

– Explore Cattle Genetic Potential

• Abattoir – Increase Carcass Weight

– Develop a Grading System

– Vacuum Packaging


Technology


Technology

• Ration Formulation Program Software

• Feedlot Management Program Software

• Total Mixed Ration (TMR)

• Improve Genetics


Thank you for your attention

David Hutcheson, PhD. Animal-Agricultural Consulting International

Amarillo, Texas USA Email [email protected]

Feedlot presentation dr david hutcheson

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