Feeder Terminal Unit · revision history rev date description/reson 1.0 2010-08-25 draft 1.1...

Feeder Terminal Unit

for Distribution Automation

Pole-top Load Break Switch Control Model Name : FTU-P200

Technical Manual V2.3

Information in this document is subject to change without notice. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose without the express written permission of PNC Technologies Co.,Ltd.

Copyright©2010 PNC Technologies Co., Ltd.

All rights reserved For further information, Contact: 5F, Kwangmyung B/D Tel +82-2-2240-8190 Bangi-dong, Songpa-gu Fax +82-2-2240-8188 138-050, Republic of Korea Website http://www.pnctech.co.kr E-mail [email protected]

REVISION HISTORY

REV DATE DESCRIPTION/RESON

1.0 2010-08-25 DRAFT

1.1 2011-07-04 UPDATED

2.0 2012-08-22 UPDATED (FUNCTIONS WERE IMPROVED)

2.3 2013-05-02 UPDATED V2.2

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Table of Contents .................................................................................... 4

1. Overview ............................................................................................ 1

1.1. Automation of Distribution Lines................................................................ 1

1.2. Main Features of FTU-P200 ....................................................................... 2

2. Technical Data ................................................................................... 4

2.1. Digital Processor ......................................................................................... 4

2.1.1. Dual Processor Architecture.................................................................................................. 4

2.1.2. Analog/Digital Conversion .................................................................................................... 4

2.1.3. DSP ......................................................................................................................................... 4

2.1.4. CPU ......................................................................................................................................... 5

2.1.5. Functional Block Diagram ..................................................................................................... 5

2.2. Environmental Conditions ......................................................................... 6

2.3. Inputs/Outputs ........................................................................................... 7

2.4. Measurements ............................................................................................. 9

2.4.1. Currents .................................................................................................................................. 9

2.4.2. Voltages .................................................................................................................................. 9

2.4.3. Power ...................................................................................................................................... 9

2.4.4. Power Factor ........................................................................................................................ 10

2.4.5. Frequency ............................................................................................................................. 10

2.4.6. Energy ................................................................................................................................... 10

2.4.7. Harmonic.............................................................................................................................. 10

2.4.8. Demand Current and Power................................................................................................. 11

2.5. Communication..........................................................................................12

2.5.1. Physical Layer ...................................................................................................................... 12

2.5.2. Protocol for scada ................................................................................................................ 13

2.6. Recording ...................................................................................................14

2.6.1. Event Recorder..................................................................................................................... 14

2.6.2. Waveform Event Recorder .................................................................................................. 14

3. Construct and External Connection ...................................................15

3.1. Appearance & Dimension .......................................................................... 15

3.2. Connector ................................................................................................... 17

4. Front Panel Operations .................................................................... 19

4.1. Button & LED Description ........................................................................ 20

4.1.1. LCD Display .........................................................................................................................20

4.1.2. FTU Status ............................................................................................................................20

4.1.3. MENU/UP/DOWN/ENTER Buttons .................................................................................20

4.1.4. Serial Port .............................................................................................................................20

4.1.5. Ethernet/SCADA/Protection Communication LED ..........................................................20

4.1.6. Battery Test & Lamp Test .................................................................................................... 21

4.1.7. Reset Button ......................................................................................................................... 21

4.1.8. Function LED ....................................................................................................................... 21

4.1.9. SELECT/OPEN/CLOSE Buttons and LEDs ....................................................................... 22

4.2. LCD Manipulation .................................................................................... 23

4.2.1. LCD Menu ............................................................................................................................ 24

5. Protection Functions ........................................................................ 28

5.1. Fault Indication......................................................................................... 28

5.2. Negative Phase Sequence (NPS) Detection ............................................... 31

5.3. Sensitive Earth Fault (SEF) Detection .................................................... 32

5.4. Direction Detection ................................................................................... 34

5.5. 2nd Harmonic Detection ............................................................................ 35

5.6. Open Line Detection (Loss Of Phase) ....................................................... 36

5.7. Phase Sync. Check ..................................................................................... 37

5.8. Under Voltage Detection........................................................................... 37

5.9. Over Voltage Detection ............................................................................. 38

5.10. Under Frequency Detection ...................................................................... 38

5.11. Over Frequency Detection ........................................................................ 38

5.12. Auto Sectionalizing ................................................................................... 39

5.13. Analog Alarm ............................................................................................ 40

5.14. Multiple Setting Groups .............................................................................41

6. Configuration Setting ....................................................................... 42

6.1. I/O Configuration ..................................................................................... 42

6.1.1. AC Rating ............................................................................................................................. 42

6.1.2. Waveform Trigger ................................................................................................................ 43

6.1.3. Demand Setting ................................................................................................................... 43

6.1.4. Energy Profile....................................................................................................................... 43

6.1.5. FI Reset Method ................................................................................................................... 44

6.1.6. Close Interlock ..................................................................................................................... 44

6.1.7. Voltage Display .................................................................................................................... 44

6.1.8. Automatic Battery Check ..................................................................................................... 45

6.2. Power Quality Monitoring Function......................................................... 46

6.2.1. Voltage & Current Unbalance ............................................................................................. 46

6.2.2. Short-Duration Voltage Variation....................................................................................... 46

6.2.3. Voltage & Current THD Alarm ............................................................................................48

6.3. Communication......................................................................................... 49

6.3.1. Port Parameters ................................................................................................................... 49

6.3.2. DNP3.0 Parameters ............................................................................................................. 52

6.3.3. IEC Parameters .................................................................................................................... 53

7. Status Monitoring & Control ............................................................ 54

7.1. Switch Status Monitoring ......................................................................... 54

7.2. Switch Control ........................................................................................... 55

7.3. Battery & Battery Charger Monitoring ..................................................... 56

8. Measurements ................................................................................. 57

8.1. Basic Electric Quantities ........................................................................... 57

8.2. Sequence Components .............................................................................. 58

8.3. Harmonics ................................................................................................. 58

8.4. Energy ....................................................................................................... 58

8.5. Demand currents and power .................................................................... 60

9. Maintenance Software ..................................................................... 62

9.1. Overview .................................................................................................... 62

9.2. Operation of FTUMan ............................................................................. 63

9.2.1. Menu ..................................................................................................................................... 63

9.2.2. Toolbar ................................................................................................................................. 66

9.2.3. Statusbar .............................................................................................................................. 67

9.2.4. Monitoring bar ..................................................................................................................... 67

9.2.5. Function and configuration Setting ....................................................................................68

9.2.6. Event ..................................................................................................................................... 70

9.2.7. Measurement ....................................................................................................................... 78

9.2.8. Status ....................................................................................................................................84

9.2.9. Waveform ............................................................................................................................. 85

10. I/O Configuration Tool ..................................................................... 87

10.1. Overview .................................................................................................... 87

10.2. Operation of IOConfig ............................................................................ 88

10.2.1. Menu .................................................................................................................................... 88

10.2.2. Toolbar .................................................................................................................................89

10.2.3. Input .....................................................................................................................................89

10.2.4. Output...................................................................................................................................90

11. DNP3.0 Index Configuration Tool .................................................... 90

11.1. Overview .....................................................................................................91

11.2. Operation of DNPConfig .........................................................................91

11.2.1. Menu ..................................................................................................................................... 93

11.2.2. Toolbar ................................................................................................................................. 94

11.2.3. Configuration Tool Box ....................................................................................................... 95

11.2.4. Binary Input ......................................................................................................................... 96

11.2.5. Binary Output.......................................................................................................................98

11.2.6. Analog Input......................................................................................................................... 99

11.2.7. Counter ............................................................................................................................... 100

12. Waveform Evaluation Tool ............................................................. 102

12.1. Overview .................................................................................................. 102

12.2. Operation of EvalTool ........................................................................... 103

12.2.1. Menu ................................................................................................................................... 103

12.2.2. Toolbar ............................................................................................................................... 105

13. IEC Index Configuration Tool ......................................................... 106

13.1. Overview .................................................................................................. 106

13.2. Operation of IECConfig .......................................................................... 106

13.2.1. Menu ................................................................................................................................... 107

13.2.2. Toolbar ............................................................................................................................... 108

13.2.3. Configuration Tool Box ..................................................................................................... 109

13.2.4. MSP Point ........................................................................................................................... 110

13.2.5. CSC Point ............................................................................................................................ 110

13.2.6. MME Point .......................................................................................................................... 111

13.2.7. MIT Point ............................................................................................................................ 112

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1. OVERVIEW

1.1. AUTOMATION OF DISTRIBUTION LINES

Distribution lines have their own equipments in outdoor, the types of loads are various, and the configurations of the networks are flexible and complicated. There are many kinds of fault causes such as direct contact of trees or birds, natural phenomenon of lightning or heavy snow, and fault spread-out due to customer’s facilities. Among these faults, most of faults are temporary and the dominant fault type is ground-fault.

For rapid fault detection and fault section isolation, blackout area minimization, many protection devices such as Recloser, Sectionalizer, and Line Fuse are adopted. Among these devices, Automatic Circuit Recloser is the most important protection device, whose main functions are fault current trip and auto-reclosing.

There may be many LBS (Load Break Switch) on the distribution lines. This equipment can’t break fault current directly. But this equipment is used to isolate a section or load of distribution line, especially fault section during outages. Nowadays, communications may be used easily and cheaply for distribution automation. Under the automation environment, the fault section can be found and isolated very quickly.

FTU-P200 is the LBS controller which has the function of fault detection, remote control and monitoring, various electric metering, etc. It is the IED (Intelligent Electric Device) which is necessary for distribution automation.

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1.2. MAIN FEATURES OF FTU-P200

LBS body is connected serially to distribution line to operate open / close of the line, and LBS Controller is in charge of measurements of currents, voltages, and other electric values, protection, control, status monitoring, recording, and communication.

FTU-P200 is a kind of IED’s (Intelligent Electronic Device) for power system automation, which is a fully digitalized and microprocessor-based control device, and through connecting with this control device, LBS can play a role of automated protection device.

Main features of FTU-P200 are as follows,

Measurements Magnitude and phase angle of voltages & currents(Fundamental

frequency) Sequence components of 3-Phase voltages & currents True RMS, Harmonics and THD of voltages & currents Active, reactive and apparent power for each phase and 3-phase Energy(4-quadrant metering) Displacement Power Factor Frequency PQM, Fault, THD Counter Phase difference between source-side and load-side voltage

Control Manual LBS Open/Close at local or remote(Select Before Operation)

Interlocking(Gas low, Handle lock, Operator place, Sync Fail, Live Load) Battery Test

Protection Fault Detection (Phase and Earth Fault)

SEF(Sensitive Earth Fault) Detection Cold Load protection(Pickup Adjustment) Magnetizing Inrush Restraints Open Line Detection Phase Sync. Fail Detection Over Voltage, Under Voltage Under Frequency, Over frequency

3

Status Monitoring 10 Contact Inputs

Switch Open/Closed Mechanical Locked Gas Pressure Low External AC Power Loss Enclosure Door Open Etc. Battery Low or fail Battery charger fail Fault Indication Open Line Detection Over Voltage, Under Voltage, Under Frequency, Over Frequency

Event Recording Event recording with time-stamp

I/O, Functional, System, Fault Current, Demand Current & Power, Daily Max Current & Power

Waveform Recording 8 Fault Waveforms

6 PQM Waveforms 1 Manual Trigger Waveform 128 samples/cycle, 20 cycles Saving COMTRADE File Format

Counter FTU Restart count

Switch Open Count Fault Detection Count PQM Count THD Count

Communication Protocols

SCADA Port

DNP3.0

DNP3.0 over TCP/IP

IEC60870-5-101 IEC60870-5-104 (Unbalanced/Balanced)

Maintenance Port Modbus-RTU GSM/GPRS Supports PPP connection, SMS SNTP Client Supported through TCP/IP port

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2. TECHNICAL DATA

2.1. DIGITAL PROCESSOR

2.1.1. DUAL PROCESSOR ARCHITECTURE

ü 32-bit RISC type micro-controller with on-chip flash program memory

ü 32-bit floating-point Digital Signal Processor

ü HPI-Port Memory for communication between two processors

ü Data Memory(SRAM)

ü Non-volatile Memory(1Mbytes) for storing events and parameters

ü Flash Memory for storing fault and PQM Waveforms

ü Real Time Clock

2.1.2. ANALOG/DIGITAL CONVERSION

ü 16-bit A/D Converter

ü Sampling rate : 128 samples/cycle

ü Anti-aliasing analog filter

ü One gain channel for each current input : effective 16-bit resolution for

current measurements

2.1.3. DSP

ü Correction of analog input error

ü Fast Fourier Transform : phasor calculation

ü Electric quantities calculation & Fault Decision

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2.1.4. CPU

ü Status monitoring & Control Command

ü Local Human-Machine Interface

ü Event Recording

ü Remote Communication(DNP3.0, IEC60870-5-101 and IEC60870-5-104)

ü Self Diagnosis

2.1.5. FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM

Figure 2-1 Functional Block Diagram

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2.2. ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS

Altitude < 2,000m

Wind Speed < 40m/s

Ambıent Temporature - 25 ~ +70°C, KSC 0220/1

Storage Temporature - 40 ~ +85°C

Humidity < 95%RH

Dielectric withstand IEC 60255-5, 2kV

Impulse voltage IEC 60255-5, 6kV for current input circuit IEC 60255-5, 4kV for voltage, power input & Contacts I/O

Insulation resistance IEC 60255-5, >500MW (DC500V)

High frequency disturbance IEC 61000-4-12 class 3 (2.5kV)

Fast transient noise IEC61000-4-4 class 4 (4kV)

Radio frequency noise IEC 61000-4-3 10V/m

Vibrations IEC 60255-21-1 class 2

Mechanical Shock IEC 60255-21-2 class 2

Enclosure protection IP54

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2.3. INPUTS/OUTPUTS

Binary Contacts Input : 10 Points

DC 24V Biased in the control box Opto-isolation(Viso) : 2,000 Vrms Delay time setting(10~500ms) for each contact input to suppress bouncing Signals

Switch Open Switch Closed Switch Locked Gas Pressure Low External AC Power Fail Battery Discharged Control Box Door Open Spare 3

Binary Contacts Output : 6 Points Pulse width of output is variable

Signal & Contact rating DC24V Aux. Relay Contact Contact Relay : Battery Test, Spare 1~3 PhotoMOS Relay : Switch Open, Close

ü Contact Relay Rating Rated Current Rated Voltage/Max. Breaking Voltage AC Max. Breaking Capacity AC Make Current (Max. 4s at duty cycle 10%) Dielectric Strength

Coil-Contacts Open Contact Circuit

Mechanical Life Operate Time

16A 250Vac/440Vac

4,000VA 30A 5,000Vrms 1,000Vrms > 30 x 106 operations typical 7ms

ü PhotoMOS Relay Rating Rated Load Current Rated Load Voltage I/O isolation Voltage

120mA 350Vac 1,500Vac

8

Current Input : 4 Channel 12.5A Maximum(external CT Ratio is 1,000:1 normally)

Burden : below than 1VA 3-Phase Current and Neutral Currents Isolation by auxiliary CT of RTU(Viso) : 2,000 Vrms Surge Withstand Voltage : 6kV Signal : Ia, Ib, Ic, In

Voltage Input : 6 Channel 4Vrms at rated Phase Voltages

Burden : below than 0.01VA Maximum input range : ~200% Isolation by auxiliary PT of RTU(Viso) : 2,000 Vrms Surge Withstand Voltage : 4kV Signal : Va, Vb, Vc, Vr, Vs, Vt

Power Supply Input DC 24V(DC20~DC29V)

Power Consumption: Max. 15W

9

2.4. MEASUREMENTS

2.4.1. CURRENTS

RMS(A) & Phase angle(°) Ia, Ib, Ic, In

Sequence Component I1, I2, I0

True RMS Ia, Ib, Ic, I0

Reading Range 2~12, 500A(External CT Ratio 1,000 : 1)

Accuracy 2~600A ±1% or ±1A

600~12,000A ±3%

2.4.2. VOLTAGES

RMS(kV) & Phase angle(°) Va, Vb, Vc, Vr, Vs, Vt

Sequence Component V1s, V2s, V0S, V1L, V2L, V0L,

True RMS Va, Vb, Vc, Vr, Vs, Vt

Phase Angle Difference(°) ∠Va - ∠Vr

Reading Range 0.1~40kV

Accuracy ±1% or ±0.1kV

2.4.3. POWER

Active Power(kW) A-Phase, B-Phase, C-Phase, 3-Phase Total

Reactive Power(kVAR) A-Phase, B-Phase, C-Phase, 3-Phase Total,

Apparent Power(kVA) A-Phase, B-Phase, C-Phase, 3-Phase Total

Reading Range -32767~32767

Accuracy ±2%

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2.4.4. POWER FACTOR

A-Phase, B-Phase, C-Phase, 3-Phase Total

Lead/Lag Display

Reading Range 0~1.0

Accuracy ±4%

2.4.5. FREQUENCY

Reading Range 45 ~ 55Hz (System Frequency : 50Hz)

55 ~ 65Hz (System Frequency : 60Hz)

Accuracy ±0.02Hz

2.4.6. ENERGY

Positive kWh A-Phase, B-Phase, C-Phase, 3-Phase Total

Negative kWh A-Phase, B-Phase, C-Phase, 3-Phase Total

Capacitive Positive kVARh A-Phase, B-Phase, C-Phase, 3-Phase Total,

Capacitive Negative kVARh A-Phase, B-Phase, C-Phase, 3-Phase Total,

Inductive Positive kVARh A-Phase, B-Phase, C-Phase, 3-Phase Total,

Inductive Negative kVARh A-Phase, B-Phase, C-Phase, 3-Phase Total,

Reading Range 0~65535(Rollover)

Accuracy ±4%

2.4.7. HARMONIC

Total Harmonic Distortion (%) 3-Phase Current THD (Ia, Ib, Ic, I3ph)

Source side 3-Phase Voltage THD (Va, Vb, Vc, V3ph)

2nd~31st Harmonic RMS(A, kV) Ia, Ib, Ic, In, Va, Vb, Vc

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2.4.8. DEMAND CURRENT AND POWER

Configurable Demand Interval 5, 10, 15min (Default 15min)

RMS(A), Active Power(kW), Reactive Power(kVAR)

Ia, Ib, Ic, In, Pa, Pb, Pc, P3ph, Qa, Qb, Qc, Q3ph

Daily Max Current and Power are Stored

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2.5. COMMUNICATION

2.5.1. PHYSICAL LAYER

2.5.1.1. RS232C

9-Pin Signals DCD(1), Rx(2), Tx(3), DTR(4), GND(5)

DSR(6), RTS(7), CTS(8), NC(9)

Speed(Baud Rate) 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200 BPS

Supports Modem Control CTS, DCD Signal Timeout Configurable

RTS Off-delay Configurable

Optical Isolation

ESD, Transient Noise Protection

2.5.1.2. RS232C/RS485 (NOT AVAILABLE IN P200C MODEL)

RS232C Signals Rx(2), Tx(3), GND(5), RTS(7), CTS(8), MODE(4)

To use RS232C, MODE pin shall be connected to GND externally.

RS485 signals DATA-(3) DATA+(7)

Speed(Baud Rate) 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200 BPS

Optical Isolation

ESD, Transient Noise Protection

2.5.1.3. TCP/IP (NOT AVAILABLE IN P200C MODEL)

Ethernet Port 10/100 Base-T

2.5.1.4. CAN (CODE AREA NETWOK)

Dedicated channel for the communication between RTU and power supply board with battery charger.

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2.5.2. PROTOCOL FOR SCADA

2.5.2.1. DNP3.0

① Support DNP3.0 Subset Level 3

② Class of each point is settable(Using DNP3.0 Index Configuration Tool)

③ Supports multi-frame transmission(multi-frame interval is configurable)

④ Enable/Disable unsolicited message class

⑤ Supports file transfer function for uploading fault waveform and local event history

⑥ Non-transmitted events are stored on non-volatile memory during communication fail

⑦ Event buffer size : Binary Input(254), Analog Input(127), Counter(19)

⑧ Supports direct operate or select before operate(SBO) for control output

⑨ Supports report by exception for analog values

⑩ Protocol frame monitor was built in FTU

⑪ Event transmission by dial-up can be enabled in GSM environment.

2.5.2.2. IEC60870-5-101

① Address size is configurable.

② Two time tag formats are selectable. :24-bit or 56-bit

③ Single character for NACK is supported.

④ Cyclic update of measurements data.

⑤ Class assignable for each object type. ( single point, double points, measured point)

⑥ Supports report by exception for updating analog values

2.5.2.3. IEC60870-5-104

IEC 60870-5-104 (also known as IEC 870-5-104) is an international standard, released in 2000 by the IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission). As can be seen from the standard's full designation 'Network access for IEC 60870-5-101 using standard transport profiles', its application layer is based on IEC 60870-5-101. IEC 60870-5-104 enables communication between control station and substation via a standard TCP/IP network. The TCP protocol is used for connection-oriented secure data transmission.

2.5.2.4. MODBUS RTU SERIAL/TCP

① Modbus RTU protocol can be selected for communicating with SCADA

② Modbus TCP can be selected in the Ethernet port.

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2.6. RECORDING

2.6.1. EVENT RECORDER

This function is used to verify shortly the operated history or log of FTU in normal operation and fault situation. Event recording is triggered by power reset, set value change, operation of protection functions, self-diagnosis error, etc., and events can be stored including event occurred time, measured values or operation status. And, this recording function follows the FIFO (First In First Out) rule. Stored events can be uploaded to and listed on FTU PC S/W (FTUMan) through RS232C port on front panel.

Event List Sub Items Max.

I/O Events Status change of binary Input/Output 1023

Function Events Operated status of Protection Function 30000 (P200)

1023(P200C)

System Events Setting change, Reset, Self Diagnosis 255

Fault I Events Latest fault current, phase and time 255

PQM Events Operated status of PQM Function 255

Demand I,P,Q Events Each phase daily average load current, active power and reactive power with time

6143

Max. I,P,Q Events Each phase daily Peak load current, active power and reactive power with time

1023

2.6.2. WAVEFORM EVENT RECORDER

Fault & PQM waveforms recording function are used to store the measured instantaneous current/voltage values of pre-fault and post-fault at 128 samples per cycle. Record length, trigger source and trigger position of pre/post-fault in recorded data are adjustable. The record types are 128 samples * 20 cycles, 64 samples * 40 cycles, 32 samples * 80 cycles, 16 samples * 160 cycles.

According to the purpose, operators can set the fault recording trigger source and trigger position of pre-fault/post-fault. Trigger position means the percentage position in recorded fault data, and the pre-fault data are recorded before this point and rest of the data are recorded as the post-fault after this point. The recorded fault waveforms are also uploaded to FTU PC S/W, and current/voltage waveforms at fault and protection elements operation can be analyzed with fault evaluation.

This waveform recording function follows the COMTRADE file format rule.

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3. CONSTRUCT AND EXTERNAL CONNECTION

3.1. APPEARANCE & DIMENSION

Front panel of FTU-P200 has an operational LCD display, a RS232C port for setting and maintenance, indicating LED’s, and push buttons. The arrangement of LEDs and buttons on the front panel of delivered product may be different from the following picture due to customizing for special requirements of user.

Figure 3-1 Front Panel Drawing of FTU

16

The following is the Top-view of FTU-P200 panel.

Figure 3-2 Top View of FTU Panel

The next drawing is Side-view of FTU-P200 panel, and there are measurement module connector, control module connector, monitoring module connector, power connectors, and RS232C port for SCADA communication on the right side of FTU panel.

Figure 3-3 Side View of FTU Panel

17

3.2. CONNECTOR

On the right side of FTU-P200 panel, there are RS232 communication port to SCADA, control source power connector, DI (Status Monitoring) connector, DO (Control) connector, AI (Measurement) connectors for Voltage, Current from top to bottom, TCP/IP connector, CAN connector, and TD connector. RS232C port is DB9 male-type connector.

Figure 3-4 Pin Connectors on the Right Side of FTU-P200

18

Figure 3-5 Pin Connectors on the Right Side of FTU-P200c

19

4. FRONT PANEL OPERATIONS

On the front panel, there are LED’s indicating LBS status, function buttons and LED’s, control buttons and LED’s, LCD & Menu buttons and a RS232C port for maintenance.

Figure 4-1 Front Panel Sheet of FTU-P200

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4.1. BUTTON & LED DESCRIPTION

4.1.1. LCD DISPLAY

4 lines * 20 characters LCD is used and through MENU/UP/DOWN/ENTER buttons, operators can survey all data and current set values.

4.1.2. FTU STATUS

These LEDs indicate status of FTU-P200.

CPU Run Normal operation of FTU(CPU OK)

System Error Self-diagnosis Error & Switch Status Trouble

Ext.Power External AC Power is supplied

Battery Fail Battery voltage is low (discharged)

4.1.3. MENU/UP/DOWN/ENTER BUTTONS

These buttons are used to operate FTU in local position. Refer to LCD Manipulation section for detailed methods.

4.1.4. SERIAL PORT

Engineering tool on PC is connected to this port for maintenance and upgrade. RS232C port for maintenance is DB9 female-type connector.

RS232C Rx(2), Tx(3), GND(5), MODE(9)

4.1.5. ETHERNET/SCADA/PROTECTION COMMUNICATION LED

These LEDs indicate the communication status of FTU-P200.

Ethernet Link Ethernet Linking

Ethernet Act Ethernet Active

SCADA Rx Communication data are received

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SCADA Tx Transmitting communication data

SCADA RTS Data transmission request to Modem

Protection Rx Communication data are received from another FTU through RS232C/485 port. (optional function)

Protection Tx Transmitting communication data to another FTU through RS232C/485 port. (optional function)

4.1.6. BATTERY TEST & LAMP TEST

To test the battery and charger circuit, push ‘BATTERY TEST’ button. When the test result is fail, we will see turn on Battery Fail LED.

To test the LED, push ‘LAMP TEST’ button. When test is OK, all of the LEDs are turn on for a while.

4.1.7. RESET BUTTON

This button is used for Annunciator LED Reset (LED turn off). Annunciator LED represents all the LED’s related to Protection, Reclosing and Self-diagnosis Error.

4.1.8. FUNCTION LED

LIVE LINE LEDs indicate if the lines to source side and load side are energized or deenergized. LEDs are lit on, when the line voltage goes up the set ‘Voltage ON Level’ and LEDs are lit off, when the voltage goes down the set ‘Voltage OFF Level’.

Under Voltage LEDs indicate if under voltage function operated.

Sync.Fail LED is lit on when the sync. failure function operates. The function operates when the phase angle difference between source-side voltage (Va) and load-side voltage (Vr) is over the setting value and is sustained during set detection time. This status can be used for the interlock condition of close operation by configuration.

Fault Passage Indicator LEDs are lit on when a fault passes through the LBS and line is deenergized. Depending on the faulted phase, indicators A,B,C,N,SEF will be lit on.

22

4.1.9. REMOTE/CONTROL LOCK BUTTONS AND LEDS

To decide the control position to Remote, push REMOTE button and make the LED on. This button and LED are also toggled between Remote and Local position. But, the manipulation of this button is possible only in the local for operator’s safety.

CONTROL LOCK button enables or disables LBS switching operation. If Control Lock LED is on, LBS switching operation will be prohibited.

4.1.10. SELECT/OPEN/CLOSE BUTTONS AND LEDS

These buttons are used to locally control (OPEN/CLOSE) LBS. Before local control command, check first if the control position is LOCAL. SELECT button is a two-phase safety & confirmation check mechanism, and this concept is similar to SBO (Select Before Operate) in communication protocol. To manually and locally control LBS, SELECT button should be pushed down to make the corresponding LED on first. , Selected status by SELECT button is sustained until Close or Open command is issued or SBO time elapses.

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4.2. LCD MANIPULATION

MENU/UP/DOWN/ENTER buttons are used to manipulate the LCD. The following table explains the common roles of 4 buttons.

Button Description

MENU ü To toggle between Main Menu Display from Initial Display

ü To come back to Parent Menu from Child Menu

ü Be careful, because all the set value changes are canceled when this button is pushed down during the change of set values

ENTER ü To select and enter into each menu item

ü To enter the changed set value and configuration

ü After entering the changed set value, this button again goes out from each item to menu tree. (Toggle between menu tree and each menu item)

ü After changing the set values, be sure to save the changed values in the Set Value Change Save Menu.

UP ü To move up the cursor in the menu tree

ü To increment the set values

ü The set values are rolled up and UP button at the highest value goes to the lowest value

DOWN ü To move down the cursor in the menu tree

ü To decrement the set values

ü The set values are rolled down and DOWN button at the lowest value goes to the highest value

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4.2.1. LCD MENU

Figure 4-2 LCD Menu Tree Diagram of FTU-P200

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4.2.1.1. INITIAL DISPLAY

[Initial Display] shows up the Currents and Voltages Measurement.

I a : 0 0 0 0 0 A 0 0 . 0 / 0 0 . 0 I b : 0 0 0 0 0 A 0 0 . 0 / 0 0 . 0 I c : 0 0 0 0 0 A 0 0 . 0 / 0 0 . 0 I n : 0 0 0 0 0 A < A B C . R S T >

Figure 4-3 Current / Voltage Measurement Display

Current (Ia,Ib,Ic,In) Each Phase Instantaneous Current Value (unit : A)

Voltage (ABC.RST) Source Side Voltage (Va,Vb,Vc) / Load Side Voltage (Vr,Vs,Vt), (unit : kV)

4.2.1.2. MAIN MENU DISPLAY

[ M A I N M E N U ] 1 . F u n c t i o n S e t t i n g 2 . C o n f i g u r a t i o n 3 . D i s p l a y 4 . E v e n t L i s t

Figure 4-4 Main Menu Display

[Main Menu Display] shows up 4 main menu items. And UP & DOWN buttons move up and down the main menu trees. ‘>’ symbol indicates the cursor position and ENTER button enters into the selected main menu’s sub items.

Main Menus Sub Items

Function Setting Group1, Group2, Group3, Group4, Group Setting, Group Copy

Configuration I/O, Communication, Event, Time

Display Measurements, Status, Counter

Event List I/O events, Function events, System events, Fault I events, Demand I events, Demand P events, Demand Q events, Max. I events, Max. P events, Max. Q events

4.2.1.3. FUNCTION SETTING

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[ S e t t i n g M e n u ] 1 . G r o u p 1 2 . G r o u p 2 3 . G r o u p 3 4 . G r o u p 4 5 . G r o u p S e t t i n g

6 . G r o u p C o p y

Figure 4-5 Function Setting

In Function Setting, there are 4 different setting groups and the different setting values can be stored individually in 4 different setting groups.

After finishing the set value change, when MENU button is pushed to return to [Main Menu Display], [Set Value Change Save Display] shows up to determine Yes or No. If selecting yes and pushing ENTER button, the changed set values are all saved. However, if selecting No and ENTER button or MENU button again, the changed set values are not saved and the existing set values are still applied.

ü CAUTION: Be careful not to push down MENU buttons repeatedly! Then, the newly changed set values are neither saved nor applied.

S a v e C h a n g e d S e t ? Y e s / N o

Figure 4-6 Set Value Change Save Display

S e t t i n g S a v i n g !

Figure 4-7 ENTER to Yes

[ M A I N M E N U ] > 1 . F u n c t i o n S e t t i n g 2 . C o n f i g u r a t i o n 3 . D i s p l a y

Figure 4-8 ENTER to No

4.2.1.4. CONFIGURATION

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[ C O N F I G M E N U ] 1 . I / O 2 . C o m m u n i c a t i o n 3 . E v e n t 4 . T i m e

Figure 4-9 Configuration

Configuration menu has the setting items for communication, I/O, and system configuration. Setting items are I/O, Communication, Event and Time.

After finishing the set value change, when MENU button is pushed to return to [Main Menu Display], [Set Value Change Save Display] shows up to determine Yes or No. If selecting yes and pushing ENTER button, the changed set values are all saved. However, if selecting No and ENTER button or MENU button again, the changed set values are not saved and the existing set values are still applied.

ü CAUTION: Be careful not to push down MENU buttons repeatedly! Then, the newly changed set values are neither saved nor applied.

4.2.1.5. DISPLAY

[ D I S P L A Y M E N U

} ]

1 . M e a s u r e m e n t s 2 . S t a t u s 3 . C o u n t e r

Figure 4-10 Display

In Display menu, measurement values, monitored status, and counter values are displayed.

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4.2.1.6. EVENT LIST [ E V E N T L I S T ] 1 . I / O E v e n t s 2 . F u n c t i o n e v e n t s 3 . S y s t e m e v e n t s 4 . F a u l t s e v e n t s 5 . D e m a n d I e v e n t s 6 . D e m a n d P e v e n t s 7 . D e m a n d Q e v e n t s 8 . M a x . I e v e n t s 9 . M a x . P e v e n t s 10 . M a x . Q e v e n t s

Figure 4-11 Event List

In Event List menu, all types of events are displayed with occurred time and event description. Using UP & DOWN buttons, event list can be scrolled up and down in the LCD display.

Event List Sub Items Max.

I/O Events Status change of binary Input/output 1023

Function Events Operated status of Protection Function 30000(P200)

1023(P200C)

System Events Setting change, Reset, Self Diagnosis 255

Fault I Events Latest fault current, phase and time 255

Demand I,P,Q Events Each phase daily average load current, active power and reactive power with time

6143

Max. I,P,Q Events Each phase daily Peak load current, active power and reactive power with time

1023

5. PROTECTION FUNCTIONS

5.1. FAULT INDICATION

Distribution power system is normally radial network. A protection relay or recloser controller detects a fault in the line and trips the circuit breaker (CB) or recloser. There are some load break switches (LBS) between the circuit protection switches. If the fault section

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is found, it can be isolated by LBS and the power supply of remained section can be restored. FTU-P200 is the load break switch controller, which has the function of fault detection and remote communication, and can be used for the rapid section isolation and restoration by distribution automation system.

Phase Fault Earth Fault Step Unit

Range Def. Range Def.

Pickup Level 10~900 400 3~900 60 1 A

Detection Time 0.02~10.00 0.02 0.02~10.00 0.02 0.01 sec

Coldload Multiplier 1.0~5.0 2.0 1.0~5.0 2.0 0.1

Coldload Time 0~60 1 0~60 1 1 Min

2nd Harmonic Block NO/YES YES NO/YES YES

Fault Direction OFF/FWD/REV OFF OFF/FWD/REV OFF

Function In Use OFF/ON ON OFF/ON ON

The following picture [Figure 5-1] explains the fault detection and restoration sequence. FTU indicates ‘fault’ when the line voltage is dropped below the voltage OFF-level of the Open Line Detection function after the measured phase current or neutral current is higher than the pickup set value and maintains longer than the corresponding detection time. FTU discriminates the faulted phase (A, B, C or N).

See the picture [Figure 5-2] Distribution automation system (DAS) may get the fault indication from the controller of L1~L5 switches and the recloser R through communication channel. Then DAS decides the fault section and isolates it by sending switch open command to the controllers of L3, L4 after recloser lockout. DAS may restore the supply of power in un-faulted section by closing Recloser R, L5, loop tie break switch which is located at backward side of L5 if it’s available.

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CB L1 R L2 L3 L4

CB L1 R L2 L3 L4

F

CB L1 R L2 L3 L4

L5

L5

L5

F

i) A fault occurred between L3 and L4

ii) Recloser (R) tripped the line and L2, L3 indicate fault experience at the timewhen the line is deenergized.

iii) DAS decided the fault section and opened L3, L4, then closed R, L5.L5 may be energized from the loop tie switch backward .

Figure 5-1 Fault detection and restoration sequence

In case of temporary fault, the line can be restored automatically by reclosing. The fault indication can be reset by push button on the front panel of FTU-P200 or by remote reset command. Also it can be reset automatically when the line is energized depending on the setting.

On Off

I

V

CB/Rec

FIAuto Reset Manual Reset by Button or Command

Figure 5-2 Fault Indication

State change of fault indication is saved as an event on history buffer. And fault currents also are saved on separate buffer with time tag. Fault waveforms are captured on memory up to 8. Waveform data consists of currents and voltages samples, which are 20 cycles, 128 samples per cycle length. Waveform can be shown graphically on ‘Waveform Evaluation Tool’. Also a remote station can get this waveform file by using file transfer function of DNP3.0 protocol. The waveform file is volatile. The file shall be downloaded or saved on PC if need before the battery is over-discharged.

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5.2. NEGATIVE PHASE SEQUENCE (NPS) DETECTION

Negative Phase Sequence detection is an additional over current element and allows more reliable detection of certain types of faults.

Range Def. Step Unit Comment

I2 Pickup Level 10~900 400 1 A

Detection Time 0.00~1.00 0.10 0.01 sec

2nd Harmonic Block NO/YES YES

Function In Use OFF/ON OFF

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5.3. SENSITIVE EARTH FAULT (SEF) DETECTION

On the non-grounded network, it is hard to detect fault current because ground current of non-grounded network is so small. Therefore, FTU-P200 is designed to measure zero-sequence values from either external core Balanced Current Transformer (or ZCT) or Residual Connection of 3 Phase Current Transformers to detect earth fault in the non-grounded network. This function is generally called SEF detection.

In case of earth fault in the non-grounded network, since very small fault current due to line capacitance component flows into the fault point from both sides, SEF detection also considers the fault direction even in the radial network. Maximum Torque Angle is for setting the phase difference between zero-sequence voltage and zero-sequence current, and the protection zone is between -90° and +90° on the basis of Maximum Torque Angle. And it can be used for alarm.

Figure 5-3 Phase Diagram of SEF


Pickup Current(3I0) 0.1~20.0 5.0 0.1 A

Pickup Voltage(-3V0) 10~80 30 1 % 0: Current Element ONly

Max. Torque Angle 0~345 90 15 Degree


2nd Harmonic Block NO/YES YES


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The following picture describes fault current flows and phasor diagram in faulted section and un-faulted section of ungrounded distribution lines. The zero sequence current direction in faulted section is opposite to the current in un-faulted section. So the direction of zero sequence current compared to zero sequence voltage can be used to discriminate fault direction. Like the following diagram, the maximum torque angle 90o is normally used for detection of earth fault in ungrounded network.

Figure 5-4 Diagram for earth fault in ungrounded network

In ungrounded system, core balance CT shall be used to measure small earth fault current. This function may be overriden or duplicate by earth fault detection function with directional element enabled in grounded network.

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5.4. DIRECTION DETECTION

Direction detection is to restrict fault indication only on faults to a designated side of the LBS. By using this function, the fault indication can respond only to fault currents from main source, not from dispersed sources in consumer area of the distribution line. As a result, the faulted section in the line can be discriminated precisely.

Positive sequence voltage and current are used to detect the direction of phase fault. And zero sequence voltage and current are used to detect the direction of ground fault. The following picture describes the angular relationship between sequence voltage and current. The final decision of direction is from the combination of two elements. Thresholds are used to avoid to get wrong direction due to small sequence values.

Figure 5-5 Angular relationship between sequence voltage and current


Phase fault

3V1 Threshold 0~100 20 1 %

3I1 Threshold 0~100 20 1 %

3I1 Max. Torque Angle 0~355 300 5 Degree

Earth fault

-3V0 Threshold 0~100 20 1 %

3I0 Threshold 0~100 20 1 %

3I0 Max. Torque Angle 0~355 330 5 Degree

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The following picture shows the phasor diagram of 3 phase voltages and currents of single-phase earth fault situation in grounded network. In the example, the zero sequence current (3Io) is produced dominantly by A-phase fault current. It shows the maximum torque angle 330o is proper to decide the fault direction.

Positive sequence voltage (V1) and current (I1) are used for phase-to-phase fault with same principle as -3Vo and 3Io.

Figure 5-6 Phasor diagram for single-phase earth fault in grounded system

5.5. 2ND HARMONIC DETECTION

Inrush situation is determined by monitoring 2nd harmonic components in the current. When transformers in the line are energized, magnetizing causes inrush current. The current involves large 2nd harmonic current relatively. So to distinguish inrush situation from fault while the current flows larger than the pickup value, the percentage of 2nd harmonics current to fundamental frequency current can be used. This function can be used to restraint fault indication of FTU when backup protection equipment trips the line unnecessarily during inrush condition.


2nd Harmonic Level 5~50 20 1 %


36

Function In Use OFF/ON ON

5.6. OPEN LINE DETECTION (LOSS OF PHASE)

Open Line is detected by Under Voltage characteristics at unbalanced condition.

When the voltage on one or two phases drops below the ‘Volt OFF Level’ setting, the ‘Delay Time’ starts running. If the voltage on those phases stays below ‘Volt OFF Level’ setting until the ‘Delay Time’ timer expires, the Loss of Phase will be detected.

If the voltage on detected phase rises to the ‘Volt ON Level’ setting, the Loss of Phase is released immediately.


Volt ON Level 50~90 80 5 %

Volt OFF Level 35~75 50 5 %

Delay Time 0.1~30.0 0.4 0.1 sec


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5.7. PHASE SYNC. CHECK

FTU-P200 monitors the phase angle difference between source and load side voltages of LBS. If the angle difference is larger than the setting and maintains longer than the set time, then alarm is generated. The alarm is useful to close LBS safely which is installed at the tie point of two feeders from the separated substation. The result of phase synchronization check can be used for interlocking close operation by setting. (Please refer to “Close interlock” in the configurations.)


Phase Difference 5~60 30 1 Degree

Delay Time 0.1~30.0 0.1 0.1 sec


5.8. UNDER VOLTAGE DETECTION

Figure 5-7 Functional Diagram for Under Voltage Detection


Pickup Level 0.30~0.95 0.80 0.01 PU

Delay Time 0.1~180.0 1.0 0.1 sec


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5.9. OVER VOLTAGE DETECTION

Figure 5-8 Functional Diagram for Over Voltage Detection


Pickup Level 1.05~1.50 1.20 0.01 PU

Delay Time 0.1~180.0 1.0 0.1 sec


5.10. UNDER FREQUENCY DETECTION


Pickup 47.00~59.98 49.80 0.01 Hz

Delay Time 0.03~10.00 0.10 0.01 sec


5.11. OVER FREQUENCY DETECTION


Pickup 50.02~63.00 60.20 0.01 Hz

Delay Time 0.03~10.00 0.10 0.01 sec


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5.12. AUTO SECTIONALIZING

It’s the function to open LBS and disconnect the faulty section from the distribution feeder automatically before the recloser or reclosing relay of CB lockouts. The condition to open automatically is the fault count. FTU detects and counts the fault and opens LBS if the count reaches the setting value. The default count setting is two. It means that FTU allows the 1st reclosing success of the upstream recloser or reclosing relay of CB without sectionalizing in case of temporary fault.

Figure 5-9 Typical time sequence of sectionalizing (Fault Count Setting = 2)


Fault Count 1~3 2 1

Reset Time 20~240 30 1 sec

OT Closing OFF/ON OFF

OT Source Side BOTH/ABC/RST BOTH

OT Closing Time 30~600 180 1 sec


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5.13. ANALOG ALARM

The FTU has five configurable alarm analogue types: phase current, ground current, negative phase sequence current, and phase voltage and system power. Each analogue type has a configurable high alarm value as well as a configurable low alarm value.

If an analogue value passes the alarm threshold the binary alarm will become active. If, after a HI Alarm, all analogues of the same type are below the high alarm reset threshold then the HI binary alarm will be turned off. If, after LOW Alarm, analogues of the same type are above the low alarm reset threshold and all other, then the LOW binary alarm will be turned off.

Alarming can be ON or OFF via configuration of the FTU.


Analog High Alarm

Phase Current 1~16000 16000 1 A A/B/C phase current

Ground Current 1~16000 16000 1 A

NPS Current 1~16000 16000 1 A

Phase Voltage 1~38000 38000 1 V A/B/C phase voltage

System Power 1~54000 54000 1 K KVA, KVAR and KW


Analog Low Alarm

Phase Current 0~15999 0 1 A A/B/C phase current

Ground Current 0~15999 0 1 A

NPS Current 0~15999 0 1 A

Phase Voltage 0~37999 0 1 V A/B/C phase voltage

System Power 0~53999 0 1 K KVA, KVAR and KW


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5.14. MULTIPLE SETTING GROUPS

The FTU-P200 supports up to 4 Setting Groups, each of which can be configured with completely separate characteristics with different setting parameters. One of setting groups can be assigned to be used as parameters of functions for forward or reverse power flow condition respectively.

And FTU-P200 supports Automatic Setting Group Selection which is used to change the setting group depending on the direction of power flow automatically.

Range Def. Step Unit

Default Group 1~4 1 1

ADGS(Automatic Default Group Selection) Function OFF/ON OFF

Reverse Group 1~4 1 1

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6. CONFIGURATION SETTING

6.1. I/O CONFIGURATION

6.1.1. AC RATING


Line Configuration Y-G/DELTA Y-G

System Frequency 50/60 50 10 Hz

Rated Voltage (L-L) 1000~40000 22000 10 V Phase to Phase

Reference Voltage (L-N) 1000~30000 12700 10 V Phase to Earth

Reference Phase A/B/C A

CT Ratio 1~5000 1000 1

CT Direction FWD/REV FWD

NCT Ratio 1.0~5000.0 1000.0 0.1

NCT Direction FWD/REV FWD

Phase Rotation A-B-C/A-C-B A-B-C

VT Type INT_6CVT/ EXT_3PT/EXT_4PT

INT_6CVT

VT Secondary Voltage NOT USED/ 110V/SQRT(3)/ 115V/SQRT(3)/ 120V/SQRT(3)

NOT USED

“Line Configuration” shall be set according to the power system grounding. The parameter will affect the calculation of 3-phase total harmonic distortion.

“System Frequency” shall be set correctly. If it is set wrongly, the measurement can’t be performed properly.

“Rated Voltage” is the rated line-to-line voltage of power system. This parameter is the reference for voltage monitoring such as undervoltage protection, sag, swell, etc.

“Reference Voltage” is the primary voltage of voltage sensor at predefined secondary voltage. This parameter is used internally as reference value for voltage measurements. Always voltage sensors shall be configured with line-to-ground for appropriate measurements.

43

“Reference Phase” : This parameter makes change of phase denotation of 3-phase voltages and currents input terminal of FTU. For example, if the parameter is set with “B”, B terminal of voltage and current inputs is for A-phase measurement. C is for B-phase. A is for C.

“CT direction”/”NCT direction : Using this parameter, the polarity of current transformer can be compensated.

“Phase Rotation” shall be set with “A-C-B” when the transposed line is connected to recloser. It’s important because it affects the sequence component calculation of 3 phase voltages and currents.

6.1.2. WAVEFORM TRIGGER


Sample Record Frequency 16/32/64/128 128

Pre-1st Cycle 1~5 2 1 Cycle

Post-2nd Cycle 1~5 2 1 Cycle

Pre-2nd Trigger Cycle 1~10 10 1 Cycle

6.1.3. DEMAND SETTING

The FTU calculates and stores average of currents and active, reactive powers during the demand interval, which is configurable as 15, 30 or 60 minutes. The buffer has 1023 demands. Also FTU stores daily peak demand up to 1023.


Block Interval 15/30/60 15

Rolling Interval 1/5/15/30/60 15

6.1.4. ENERGY PROFILE


Profile Type MONTHLY/WEEKLY MONTHLY

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Demand Reset Day MON~SUN MON

Demand Reset Date 1~28 1 1 Date

6.1.5. FI RESET METHOD


FI Reset Select MANUAL/AUTO MANUAL

FI Time Out 0~12 0 1 Hour

6.1.6. CLOSE INTERLOCK

The following close interlock condition blocks the switch to be closed manually or automatically if it’s selected as “Yes”.


Live Load NO/YES YES

Sync. Fail NO/YES YES

6.1.7. VOLTAGE DISPLAY

The controller supports two voltage display of LCD.


Voltage Display L-N/L-L L-N L-N : Phase to Earth

L-L : Phase to Phase

45

6.1.8. AUTOMATIC BATTERY CHECK


Checking Cycle 1~30 0 1 Day

Checking Time (Hour) 0~23 0 1 Hour

Checking Time (Min) 0~59 0 1 Min

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6.2. POWER QUALITY MONITORING FUNCTION

6.2.1. VOLTAGE & CURRENT UNBALANCE

Voltage or current unbalance (or imbalance) is detected by monitoring the negative sequence value relative to the positive sequence value of 3-phase voltages and currents.


Voltage Unbalance

Detection Level 0~100 30 1 %


Current Unbalance

Detection Level 0~100 30 1 %


6.2.2. SHORT-DURATION VOLTAGE VARIATION

There are three types of short-duration voltage variations, namely, instantaneous, momentary and temporary, depending on its duration. Short-duration voltage variations are caused by fault conditions, energization of large loads, which require high starting currents or loose connections in power wiring. Depending on the fault location and the system conditions, the fault can generate sags, swells or interruptions. The fault condition can be close to or remote from the point of interest. During the actual fault condition, the effect of the voltage is of short-duration variation until protective devices operate to clear the fault.

6.2.2.1. SAG

A sag (also known as dip) is a reduction to between 0.5 and 0.99 pu in RMS voltage or current at the power frequency for a short period of time from 0.5 to 10 cycles. A 10% sag is considered an event during which the RMS voltage decreased by 10% to 0.9 pu. Voltage sags are widely recognized as among the most common and important aspects of power quality problems affecting industrial and commercial customers. They are particularly troublesome. Since they occur randomly and are difficult to predict.

Voltage sags are normally associated with system faults on the distribution system, sudden increase in system loads, lightning strikes or starting of large load like induction motors. It is not possible to eliminate faults on a system. One of the most common causes of faults occurring on high-voltage transmission systems is a lightning strike. When there is a fault caused by a lightning strike, the voltage can sag to 50% of the standard range and can last from four to seven cycles. Most loads will be tripped off when encounter this type of

47

voltage level. Possible effect of voltage sags would be system shutdown or reduce efficiency and life span of electrical equipment, particularly motors.

Equipment sensitivity to voltage sag occurs randomly and has become the most serious power quality problem affecting many industries and commercial customers presently. An industrial monitoring program determined an 87% voltage disturbances could be associate to voltage sags. Most of the fault on the utility transmission and distribution system are single line-to-ground faults (SLGF).


Detection Level 0.50~0.99 0.90 0.01 PU

Detection Time 0.5~10.0 2.0 0.5 Cycle

6.2.2.2. SWELL

A swell (also known as momentary overvoltage) is an increase in RMS voltage or current at the power frequency to between 1.01 and 1.5 Pu for duration from 0.5 to 10 cycles. Swells are commonly caused by system conditions, switching off a large load or energizing a large capacitor bank. A swell can occur during a single line-to-ground fault (SLGF) with a temporary voltage rise on the unfaulted phases. They are not as common as voltage sags and are characterized also by both the magnitude and duration. During a fault condition, the severity of a voltage swell is very much dependent on the system impedance, location of the fault and grounding. The effect of this type of disturbance would be hardware failure in the equipment due to overheating.




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6.2.2.3. INTERRUPTION

An interruption occurs when there is a reduction of the supply voltage or load current to between 0.1 and 0.49 pu for duration from 0.5 to 10 cycles. Possible causes would be circuit breakers responding to overload, lightning and faults. Interruptions are the result of equipment failures, power system faults and control malfunctions. They are characterized by their duration as the voltage magnitude is always less than 10% of the nominal. The duration of an interruption can be irregular when due to equipment malfunctions or loose connections. The duration of an interruption due to a fault on the utility system is determined by the utility protective devices operating time.




6.2.3. VOLTAGE & CURRENT THD ALARM

The Total Harmonic Distortion, or THD, of a signal is a measurement of the harmonic distortion present and is defined as the ratio of the sum of the powers of all harmonic components to the power of the fundamental frequency.


Voltage

Alarm Level 0.5~100.0 0.0 0.1 %


Current

Alarm Level 0.5~100.0 0.0 0.1 %


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6.3. COMMUNICATION

6.3.1. PORT PARAMETERS

6.3.1.1. SCADA PORT


Serial Port Speed 1200/2400/4800/9600/19200 9600

Slave Address 1~65534 1 1

Protocol DNP or DNPTCP

/IEC101/IEC104

DNP or DNPTCP

Select Port RS232C/RS485 RS232C

6.3.1.2. MODEM CONTROL


Line HALF-DUFLEX

/ FULL-DUFLEX

FULL-DUFLEX

RTS Off Delay 10~500 50 5 ms

CTS Timeout 1~255 2 1 sec

DCD Timeout 0.1~30.0 5.0 0.1 sec

CTS Usage IGNORE/USAGE IGNORE

6.3.1.3. TCP/IP


IP Address 0.0.0.0

Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0

Gateway 0.0.0.0

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6.3.1.4. PSTN CONFIGURATION

The PSTN function is applicable only to DNP3.0.


PSTN MODEM NOT USED/PPP/ DIAL-UP/SMS

NOT USED

Phone Number #1~#10 20 Digit

Auto Hang-up Time 0~255 30 1 sec

Dial Timeout 10~255 90 1 sec

Attempt Delay 10~3600 60 10 sec

Max Attempts 1~5 3 1

6.3.1.5. TIME ZONE


UTC Time (Hour) -12~13 5 1 Hour

UTC Time (Min) 0~59 30 1 Min

6.3.1.6. UTC OPTION


Mode LOCAL/UTC LOCAL

6.3.1.7. SNTP OPTION


Mode DISABLE/ENABLE DISABLE

Cyclic Period 1~24 1 1 Hour

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6.3.1.8. PPP CONFIGURATION


APN(Access Point Name) 40 Digit

User Name 40 Digit

Password 40 Digit

Fixed Our IP Address 0.0.0.0

Fixed Their IP Address 0.0.0.0

Fixed DNS-1 IP Address 0.0.0.0

Fixed DNP=2 IP Address 0.0.0.0

6.3.1.9. SMS MESSAGE CONFIGURATION


Switch Name 20 Digit

FI DISABLE/ENABLE DISABLE

Open/Close DISABLE/ENABLE DISABLE

Door Open DISABLE/ENABLE DISABLE

AC Fail DISABLE/ENABLE DISABLE

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6.3.2. DNP3.0 PARAMETERS


D/L Retries 0~2 0 1

D/L Timeout 1~255 30 1 sec

D/L Confirm NO/YES/SOMETIMES SOMETIMES

A/L Retries 0~2 1 1

A/L Timeout 1~255 40 1 sec

Initial Unsolicited MSG NO/YES NO

Unsolicited Class 1 Delay Time 0~60 5 1 sec



Arm Timeout 1~255 15 1 sec

Unsolicited Address 0~65534 65534 1

Multi Frame Interval 10~500 100 10 ms

Unsolicited Class 1 DISABLE/ENABLE DISABLE



Analog Event Mode SOE/MOST RECENT SOE

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6.3.3. IEC PARAMETERS


Cyclic Period 0~60 0 1 sec

Arm Timeout 1~255 15 1 sec

Single Point Class CLASS1/CLASS2 CLASS1

Double Point Class CLASS1/CLASS2 CLASS1

Measured Point Class CLASS1/CLASS2 CLASS2

IEC101 PARAMETERS

Link Address Size 0~2 2 1

Common Address Size 1~2 2 1

Object Address Size 1~3 2 1

COT Address Size 1~2 1 1

Time Marker NONE/CP24/CP56 CP56

Single NACK Control NO/YES YES

IEC104 PARAMETERS

t0 Off Line Poll Period 1~255 30 1 sec

t1 Ack Period 1~255 15 1 sec

t2 SFrame Period 1~255 10 1 sec

t3 Test Period 1~255 20 1 sec

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7. STATUS MONITORING & CONTROL

7.1. SWITCH STATUS MONITORING

FTU has 10 binary inputs. These inputs can be assigned to monitor switch open/close, gas and lock status of switch body through auxiliary contacts. FTU scans these contacts input every 5 milliseconds. Switch open/close status is determined by double binary inputs, normally open and closed contacts. All input status are shown on LCD or FTUMan and are transmitted to master station on its request. Changed status can be transmitted unsolicitedly with or without time and are recorded on non-volatile memory as events with time tag in history buffer orderly. For each contact input, on-delay time can be applied. It’s adjustable within 10~500ms by 5ms step. The time is used to debounce the contact input and suppress unnecessary events. And each input can be used to affect control action, block open or close control, or force to open or close main switch.The following picture is an example window of I/O configuration tool. Here the name for each input can be configured. Configured name is shown also on LCD display. Invert mask can be used to invert the active state of the corresponding input.

Figure 7-1 Binary Input configuration

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7.2. SWITCH CONTROL

FTU has 4 binary contacts output and 2 high-speed output command. These output are used to control Switch or output alarms.

Switch can be controlled from remote or local operator place. Operator place can be changed only at local front panel. ‘REMOTE CONTROL’ push button is to select the operator place. Operator place is toggled between local and remote by pushing button. LED is lit if remote position is selected. FTU begins with remote position at power-up. Control is allowed only at the position selected.

Local switch control requires two-step operation. It’s for security of operation. ‘SELECT’ button should be pushed before ‘CLOSE’ or ‘OPEN’. SELECT LED is lit if SELECT operation is valid. SELECT can be canceled by pushing SELECT button again or automatically after SBO timeout without operation. CLOSE or OPEN operation is valid while this LED is lit. Pushing CLOSE or OPEN button outputs switch control signal with fixed time pulse which is configurable. Switch status change input which is auxiliary contacts of switch stops continuing to output pulse. There are some interlock conditions to inhibit FTU from outputting pulse signal.

Gas low, Switch handle lock, same status of switch auxiliary contacts ‘a’, ‘b’ are those. And there is “control lock” button. Control lock mode inhibits switch operation and reclosing after tripping a fault. So it’s useful as “Work tag” when the maintenance work is being done. The status is toggled when the button is pushed.

Close or open pulse width shall be set longer than switch operating time.

Remote switch control is possible by using SCADA protocol DNP3.0 or IEC60870-5-101, IEC60870-5-104 FTU supports SBO (Select Before Operate) or Direct operate. If the operator place is set to ‘Local’, remote control commands are refused. Pulse width of remote control command shorter than setting will be overridden by local configuration

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7.3. BATTERY & BATTERY CHARGER MONITORING

FTU monitors external Lead-acid battery through the control unit, which are mounted on inner back-side wall of control box. The control unit contains microprocessor based battery charger. It measures battery terminal voltage and charging voltage. So it can check charger over-voltage and battery fail or battery low status while external AC supply is off. So it provides battery voltage values and alarm status which is the result of continuous check. Provided information details are like the followings.

- External AC power loss

- Battery low

- High battery voltage alarm

- Battery failed alarm

- Battery charger overvoltage alarm

- Grounded battery (optional if required)

The conrol unit has also the over-discharge protection. If over-discharge condition occurred, the control unit sends alarm signal “Battery Low” to RTU and disconnect battery in order to protect battery cell damage after 1-minute delay. The delay enables RTU to send alarm state to remote station via communication.

Battery test function is provided. This function is performed by disconnecting charging voltage to battery and connecting dummy load to battery. The test control command can be issued at local or remote. And also automatic test is available through setting.

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8. MEASUREMENTS

8.1. BASIC ELECTRIC QUANTITIES

FTU-P200 has 4 currents and 6 voltages input. DSP digitizes these signals using 16 bits A/D converter and calculates various electric quantities numerically from those digitized data. As a result, FTU gives true RMS, all power and energy values for 3-phase voltages and currents. FTU presents also phasor quantities calculated through fundamenatal power frequency components extracted by FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) algorithm. FFT is performed every millisecond using 128 samples for 1 cycle. True RMS is calculated every cycle. All electrical quantities are provided with the average value for 200ms (10cycle for 50Hz, 12cycle for 60Hz). Analog filters and digital filters are used to minimize the effects of high frequency noise in the input signals. And the calibration is performed in the factory before delivery using precise current and voltage signal generator. The calibration compensates the measurements error caused by the components in the circuit of input. Provided electric quantities are listed in the following.

Currents (Ia, Ib, Ic, In) RMS, Phase Angle, True RMS

Voltage (Va, Vb, Vc, Vr, Vs, Vt) RMS, Phase Angle, True RMS

Apparent Power A-Phase, B-Phase, C-Phase, 3-Phase Total,

Active Power A-Phase, B-Phase, C-Phase, 3-Phase Total,

Reactive Power A-Phase, B-Phase, C-Phase, 3-Phase Total,

Power Factor A-Phase, B-Phase, C-Phase, 3-Phase Total,

Va-Vr Phase Angle Difference

Current, Voltage Unbalance

Frequency, Temperature

In the above items listed, active power, reactive power values are signed integer. Sign represents power flow or if loads are inductive or capacitive. Also power factor has lead/lag state value separately.

Currents and voltages have phase angles, which are relative phase angles compared to the reference Va. These angles are useful to monitor the phase sequence and imbalance of distribution line.

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8.2. SEQUENCE COMPONENTS

FTU provides the sequence components of 3-phase currents and voltages. They are positive sequence current (I1) and voltage (V1), negative sequence current (I2) and voltage (V2), and zero sequence voltage (V0) which are calculated by 3-phase phasor quantities. This information can be used to monitor imbalance of distribution line.

8.3. HARMONICS

FTU provides 2nd to 31st harmonic magnitudes and THDs (Total Harmonic Distortion) for each phase. THD is the total harmonic percentage to the fundamental frequency component. FTU also calculates and provides 3-phase THD. These values may be used to monitor the power quality of distribution line.

8.4. ENERGY

FTU provides active energy, reactive energy for each phase or 3-phase total. Also import, export energy are accumulated on separate registers. Units of energy are kWh, kVarh, which represent primary distribution line energy flow. The values are accumulated on 32-bit and 16-bit kWh, kVarh counters which rollovers. The 32-bit register is for local display and the 16-bit register is to transmit energy data to SCADA like the following picture.

Figure 8-1 Structure of energy counter

Normally in order to accumulate energy values, SCADA system reads 16-bit energy counter in FTU periodically and calculates increments between two readings and adds the increments to energy register in SCADA. DNP3.0 or IEC protocol supports the function of counter objects to accumulate energy value easily. For example “freeze and clear” function is useful to accumulate energy pulse increments.

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Reactive energy is also accumulated on separate registers according to the quadrant of power like the following figure 8-2. So 24 energy counters are provided as in the figure 8-3.

Figure 8-2 Four-quadrant power flow directions

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Figure 8-3 Energy counters

8.5. DEMAND CURRENTS AND POWER

FTU supports block demand and rolling demand. If block and rolling interval are same, FTU calculates demand values based on block interval. It is block demand mode. For rolling demand, rolling interval will be subinterval within block interval. So FTU calculates demand values based on N rolling intervals every rolling interval. Here N is the value corresponding to block interval devided by rolling interval. Types of demand values are phase currents and active, reactive powers.

- Block interval 15/30/60 minutes

- Rolling interval 1/5/15/30/60 minutes

For example, suppose that block interval is 15min. and rolling interval is 5min. In this case, rolling demand values are calculated every 5min based on the data during most recent 15min.

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Figure 8-4 block demand and rolling demand

The demand values are recorded up to 6143 intervals. The length corresponds to 63 days based on 15 min. demand. Also peak demand values are recorded daily up to 1023 days. And weekly or monthly data are recorded through automatic demand reset according to settings up to 63 amounts. Manual reset also is available. Weekly/monthly data contains the following information. All energy and power data are saved with each phase and 3-phase total data.

Reset time (date & time)

Import(Forward) Active Energy Export(Reverse) Active Energy kWh

Import Inductive energy Export Inductive energy kVarh

Import Capacitive energy Import Capacitive energy kVarh

Peak current with time stamp (Ia,Ib,Ic,In)

Peak positive Active power

with time tamp

Peak negative Active power

with time tamp

kW

Peak positive positive Inductive energy with time stamp

Peak negative Inductive energy with time stamp

kVar

Peak positive positive Capacitive energy with time stamp

Peak negative Capacitive energy with time stamp

kVar

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9. MAINTENANCE SOFTWARE

9.1. OVERVIEW

FTU has a dedicated setting and operation tool, FTUMan. This tool is operated on PC or Notebook, and through RS232C port on front panel of FTU. For this communication, MODBUS protocol is used.

It supports the following features.

ü Setting & Configuration changes

ü Event & Waveform load

ü Measurement & Status display

ü Waveform File upload and convert

ü SCADA monitors protocol data frame between devices

Figure 9-1 Overview of FTUMan

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9.2. OPERATION OF FTUMAN

9.2.1. MENU

9.2.1.1. FILE

New Closes the current file and allows the creation of a new file

Open Closes the current file and opens a standard window file selection dialog. An existing FTU File (*.f2s) can be selected and opened.

Save Saves the current file to the hard drive. If the file is new and this is the first time it has been saved, the Save As dialog will be opened allowing the user to type in a name before saving.

Save As Opens a standard Windows Save As dialog box. This allows an existing file to be saved under a new name.

Exit Closes the current file and exits the tool.

9.2.1.2. COMM

Comm.Config Opens a window for communication configuration dialog.

Comm.Connection Starts communication with FTU

Comm.Disconnection Stops connecting with FTU

Figure 9-2 Comm. Configuration Window

ü Port Select a serial Port of Laptop

ü Baud Rate Make to the transmission medium per second of in a digitally signal

ü Retry Set up the count if it failed to connect

ü Timeout Set up the time to connect

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9.2.1.3. OPTION

ü Select Model

Figure 9-3 Select DeviceWindow

ü Change Password

9.2.1.4. COMMAND

ü Setting Group Copy

The Function Group can be copied. Select Source and destination group, then press OK to be copied.

Fig

Select Device Window

The FTUMan is used for FTUDefault device model is FTUfor setting another model, select device type.

And check current device model, see the status bar.

The FTUMan has password for changed setting and command control, and it can modified

! Default password is ‘ftuman’.

Maximum length of password: 10 Characters

When lost password, input ‘ftuman’the password.

Setting Group Copy

he Function Group can be copied. Select Source and destination group, then press OK to be copied. It does not mean write to FTU.

gure 9-4 Setting Group Copy Window

he FTUMan is used for FTU-X200 Series. Default device model is FTU-R200. If changed

, select device type.

nd check current device model, see the

for changed setting and command control, and it can modified

10 Characters.

and can re-set

he Function Group can be copied. Select Source and destination group, then

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ü Clock Setting Set RTC Time of FTU

Figure 9-5 Clock Setting Window

Device Time Gets the current time per 1 second from FTU.

Setting Time The operator can set aside time.

Use System Time The operator can use PC’s time.

Write Write RTC time to FTU

Close Close this window

ü Factory Initialization

Reset to factory defaults. Warning: Restoring FTU to factory defaults will erase all previous setting, configuration and event.

Figure 9-6 Factory Initialization Message Window

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9.2.1.5. TOOLS

Protocol Monitoring Protocol monitoring command activation or deactivation.

DNP3.0 Index Configuration

Run the DNPConfig program for DNP index configuration. The DNPConfig is explained in the Section 11.

IEC 60870 Index Configuration

Run the IECConfig program for DNP index configuration. The IECConfig is explained in the Section 13.

Waveform Evaluation Tool

Run the EvalTool program for analysis waveform data. The EvalTool is explained in the Section 12.

9.2.1.6. VIEW

Toolbar Show or hide the toolbar.

Status Bar Show or hide the status bar.

Monitoring Bar Show or hide the monitoring bar. The monitoring bar shows communication status with FTU.

Curve Bar Show or hide the TC Curve bar for FTU-R200. Only is used to FTU-R200.

9.2.1.7. HELP

The Help Menu opens a window for FTUMan’s program version and information.

9.2.2. TOOLBAR

Figure 9-7 Toolbar of FTUMan

Read Read data from FTU.

Write Write data to FTU.

About Opens a window for FTUMan’s program version and information.

9.2.3. STATUSBAR

MODEL Model Name

F/W Firmware

PORT Serial Port Number and Speed

MODE Communication Status

9.2.4. MONITORING BAR

Some performance is finished

Reads data from FTU

Writes the setting value on

When Factory Initialization occurs.

Error of connection or operation

Connect or Disconnect between PC and FTU

When the time set is completed

Figure 9-8 Status Bar

Model Name

Firmware Version

Serial Port Number and Speed

Communication Status

Figure 9-9 Monitoring Bar

Some performance is finished

Reads data from FTU

the setting value on FTU

When Factory Initialization occurs.

Error of connection or operation

Connect or Disconnect between PC and FTU

When the time set is completed

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9.2.5. FUNCTION AND CONFIGURATION SETTING

In Function and Configuration window, existing setting values of FTU can be viewed through ‘Read’ button, or setting values are edited and downloaded to FTU by clicking ‘Write’ button to apply new setting values to FTU.

In some cases, operators require to save and reuse these edited setting values. To satisfy this request, FTUMan tool has ‘New’, ‘Open’ and ‘Save’ menu items in File Menu. The file extension name is ‘f2s’.

If you set up the ADGS (Auto Detection Group Setting) Function ‘ON’, you can check the current direction ‘Forward’ or ‘Reverse’.

Figure 9-10 Tree View for Function and Configuration

Function has 5 contents, 4 setting groups and active group setting. Each group has protection setting value for FTU.

Configuration has 3 contents for I/O, PQM and communication. Communication separated 3 contents, for Port, DNP3.0 and IEC protocol parameter to communication for SCADA.

In tree view, if you choose some content, icon will be replaced with a red icon from a blue icon. And show setting parameters related content.

How to edit the setting value? Click the content in tree view and editing value using double-click or Enter-Key. If you changed value, the text color is changed in red.

Figure 9-11 before the Change

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Figure 9-12 after the Change

And, in event window has a following pop-up menu. In the Tree View, select ‘FUNCTION’ or ‘CONFIGURATION’ or all sub contents, and press the right-click pop-up menu is available.

Figure 9-13 Pop-up Menu for Event Window

If you click ‘Read’ Button, the setting parameters related selected contents in the tree view reads from FTU.

Also, if you click ‘Write’ Button, the setting parameters related selected contents in the tree view writes to FTU-P200.

Figure 9-14 Input Password Dialog

When the Factory Initialization or all of information are changed, Input Password Window will be appeared.

Note: Default Password is ‘ftuman’.

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9.2.6. EVENT

In Event window, operators can list up all the event records, which are stored in the memory of FTU by clicking ‘Read’ button. Also 9 kinds of events are stored. Each event type of event can be separately uploaded from FTU. Time Resolution for event recording is 5 msec and scanning interval is 1 msec.

And, in event window has a following pop-up menu. In the tree view, select ‘EVENT’ and press the right-click pop-up menu is available.

Figure 9-15 Pop-up Menu for Event Window

Read Reads the selected events in the tree view.

Clear All Events Delete all event stored.

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9.2.6.1. I/O EVENT

Figure 9-16 I/O Event Window

Index Event sequence number, the recent events that occurred is displayed on top.

Date & Time Event occurred time.

Description Information of generated binary event.

Status Occurred contact points and binary status, OFF/ON/AUTO

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9.2.6.2. FUNCTION EVENT

Figure 9-17 Function Event Window



Description Operation of protection functions.

Status Occurred function event status, OFF/ON.

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9.2.6.3. SYSTEM EVENT

Figure 9-18 System Event Window



Description Information of generated event like set value changed, triggered by power reset and system error or self-diagnosis.

Status Occurred event position and detailed description of system error or self-diagnosis.

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9.2.6.4. FAULT EVENT

Figure 9-19 Fault Event Window



OC Detecting over-current.

SEF Detecting Sensitive Earth Fault.

NOC Detection Negative Phase Current Sequence.

UV Detecting Under Voltage.

OV Detecting Over Voltage.

DIR Fault current direction.

Inrush Detecting inrush restraint.

Ia, Ib, Ic, In, V0 Fault current and zero-sequence voltage

Group Current setting group

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9.2.6.5. PQM EVENT

Figure 9-20 PQM Event Window



Description The occurrence history of power quality function change.

Value RMS value of voltage when moment voltage change occurs. Unit: kV

Duration Duration time of moment voltage change by msec. Unit: msec

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9.2.6.6. DEMAND CURRENT EVENT

Demand Current Event displays daily average demand current in the list and waveform. When the ‘show graph’ check box is unchecked, Demand current are listed as in the window.

Figure 9-21 Demand Current Event Window



Ia, Ib, Ic, In Demand current of each phase and neutral.

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9.2.6.7. DEMAND POWER EVENT

Demand Power Event displays daily average demand active and reactive power in the list and waveform. When the ‘show graph’ check box is unchecked, Demand power are listed as in the window.

Figure 9-22 Demand Power Event Window



kWa, kWb, kWc, kW3ph 3-phase total and each phase kW.

kVARa, kVARb, kVARc, kVAR3ph

3-phase total and each phase kVAR.

9.2.6.8. DAILY MAXIMUM CURRENT EVENT

Details are similar to section 9.2.6.6. Demand Current Event.

9.2.6.9. DAILY MAXIMUM POWER EVENT

Details are similar to section 9.2.6.7. Demand Power Event.

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9.2.7. MEASUREMENT

Operators can monitor all kinds of measurement values such as current, voltage, sequence value, power and energy, etc. And, FTU has the function of Harmonic Analysis, therefore up to 31st harmonics RMS value and THD for current and voltage are measured and displayed. Lastly, counter values and accumulation data are displayed.

FTUMan has 6 kinds of Measurement window. The measurement value updates per 1 second.

9.2.7.1. BASIC VALUE

Operators can check the basic value like load or source voltage, current including RMS, Phase Angle and True RMS also apparent, active and reactive power. And it shows unbalance frequency, temperature and so on.

Figure 9-23 Basic Measurement Window

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9.2.7.2. SEQUENCE VALUE

It shows zero, positive and negative sequence of source or load voltage and current.

Figure 9-24 Sequence Value Window

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9.2.7.3. POWER

You can check active, reactive and apparent power of each phase or 3-phase. It also shows lag of each phase or lead.

FTU provides imported or exported energy according to conductive, inductive energy of each phase or 3-phase total.

Figure 9-25 Power Window

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9.2.7.4. HARMONICS

It displays THD and each harmonics value of voltage and current. It shows from 2nd to 31st per 1 second.

Figure 9-26 Harmonics Window

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9.2.7.5. COUNTER

It shows restart and fault counts

Figure 9-27 Counter Window

Restart Show restarts time and its count.

Fault Counter Show the fault count and Switch Trip.

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9.2.7.6. PQM COUNTER

It PQM and THD counter and total interruption time.

Figure 9-28 PQM Counter Window

PQM Counter Show the short-duration voltage variation event count.

Total Interruption Time Show the total interruption time.

THD Counter Show the each or total phase’s current and voltage THD counts.

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9.2.8. STATUS

In status window, all the status indications and command are displayed.

Figure 9-29 Status Window

When operator supervises some command in status window, this window generated. Upper box shows device name, bottom box displays command name. If you click the ‘OK’ button, command will be operated and window will be disappeared.

Figure 9-30 Command Window

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9.2.9. WAVEFORM

In waveform window displays Fault and PQM waveforms list stored in FTU.

FTU can record and store the data for up to 8 faults, up to 6 PQM and 1 waveform by manual triggering. And each waveform has the data of 20 cycles at 128 samples.

How to upload waveforms are as follow. First, by using the ‘Upload’ command reads a list of stored waveforms on the FTU.

Figure 9-31 Waveform List Uploaded

To import the waveform from FTU, select a row and double click, you upload the following message window appears.

Figure 9-32 Message Window

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If you click the ‘OK’ button, opens standard Windows Save As dialog box and enter the file name, and click the Save button. And then will start uploading waveform.

The following window shows the progress for uploading.

Figure 9-33 Progress Window

The file is stored in the COMTRADE file format by converting. The stored file is available the waveform analysis by EvalTool. The EvalTool is explained in the Section 12.

And, in waveform window has a following pop-up menu. In the Tree View, select ‘WAVEFORM’ and press the right-click pop-up menu is available.

Figure 9-34 Pop-up Menu for Waveform Window

Upload Read waveform list from FTU.

Manual Trigger Capture current waveform by manual triggering.

Clear Fault Waveforms Delete all fault waveform stored.

Clear PQM Waveforms Delete all PQM waveform stored.

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10. I/O CONFIGURATION TOOL

10.1. OVERVIEW

The ‘IOConfig’ tool allows FTU users to customize I/O mapping.

Figure 10-1 Overview of IOConfig Tool

The I/O mapping is created using this tool and saved to an IO File (*.iom).

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10.2. OPERATION OF IOCONFIG

To start the IOConfig Tool selects ‘Tools – IOConfig’. When you run the IOConfig Tool, main screen is displayed as show in following figure. There are two pages in the IOConfig Tool.

Figure 10-2 Main Screen of IOConfig Tool

10.2.1. MENU

The File Menu has the following options.


Open Closes the current file and opens a standard window file selection dialog. An existing IO File (*.iom) can be selected and opened.

Save Saves the current file to the hard drive. If the file is new and this is the first

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time it has been saved, the Save As dialog will be opened allowing the user to type in a name before saving.



The Comm Menu is explained in the Section 9.2.1.2 Comm.

The Option Menu is explained in the Section 9.2.1.3 Option

The View Menu is explained in the Section 9.2.1.6 View.

The Help Menu opens a window for IOConfig’s program version and information.

10.2.2. TOOLBAR

Figure 10-3 Toolbar of IOConfig

Read Read input or output data from FTU.

Write Write input or output data to FTU.

About Opens a window for IOConfig’s program version and information.

Once you Press the Read or Write button, the following window appears. This window determines the types of data read or write.

Figure 10-4 Select Widow

10.2.3. INPUT

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FTU has 10 inputs. Input is created by filling the fields on the Input tab. Each column is defined as follows.

Figure 10-5 Input Tab

Name Input name is defined. Type of the characters is limited to 11 characters. Note: 0~3 of 4 input points is fixed.

Debounce Time The minimum time to retain status change.

Like, it prevents making useless information against chattering in the point

Invert Specifies whether the point will be inverted.

Blk.Open To open blocked

Blk.Close To close blocked

Ext.Trip To trip using external input

Ext. Close To close using external input

10.2.4. OUTPUT

FTU has 4 relay outputs and 2 photoMOS relay outs. Output is created by filling the fields on the Output tab. Each column is defined as follows.

Figure 10-6 Output Tab

Name Output name is defined. Type characters are limited to 11 characters. Only index number of 3 is changed.

Pulse Time Set a pulse command.

11. DNP3.0 INDEX CONFIGURATION TOOL

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11.1. OVERVIEW

Custom DNP3.0 point index maps can now be created and loaded into FTU directly from DNPConfig. The mappings is created using the tool and saved to a DNP3.0 mapping file (*.d3m).

Figure 11-1 Overview of DNPConfig

11.2. OPERATION OF DNPCONFIG

To start the DNPConfig Tool selects ‘Tools – DNP3.0 Index Configuration’ from the FTUMan menu. When you run the DNPConfig Tool, main screen is displayed as show in following figure. There are 4 pages, Binary Input, Binary Output, Analog Input and Counter, in the DNPConfig Tool.

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Figure 11-2 Main Screen of DNPConfig

The DNPConfig tool allows the user to build custom mappings to suit their own application. Points are added by selecting point from the Configuration Tool. Points are deleted by selecting a row and pressing ‘Delete’. You can choose to either shift all the rows below up one, or leave the entire row blank.

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The DNPConfig tool allows the following.

ü Up to 128 Binary Input

ü Up to 32 Binary Output

ü Up to 512 Analog Input

ü Up to 128 Counter

11.2.1. MENU



Open Closes the current file and opens a standard window file selection dialog. An existing DNP File (*.d3m) can be selected and opened.







The Help Menu opens a window for DNPConfig’s program version and information.

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11.2.2. TOOLBAR

Figure 11-3 Toolbar of DNPConfig

Tool Shows or hides a window the DNP3.0 Configuration tool box.



About Opens a window for DNPConfig’s program version and information.

Pressing Read or Write button, the following window appears. This window determines the types of data read or write.


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11.2.3. CONFIGURATION TOOL BOX

The configuration tool box panel is launched by clicking the Tool button.

Figure 11-5 Configuration Tool Box

The toolbox contains every available point for FTU. The toolbox displays different points depends on which tab selected. For example, if the Counters tab is selected then only accumulators will be displayed on the list.

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11.2.4. BINARY INPUT

Binary inputs are used to report the status of binary points.

Figure 11-6 Binary Input Tab

Index Specifies the DNP ID Number of the point Range : 0 to 127

Name The name of the points as defined in the configuration tool box.

ü Selecting the cell then double clicking a point in the configuration tool box.

Class 0~3 The DNP3.0 class of the point. The default class can be modified by checking from the checkbox.

COS Select event type, COS(Change of state) or SOE(Sequence of Events)

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ü DNP3.0 Classes

There are four classes in DNP3.0. These are defined as follows:

0 Class 0 is not an event class. It is used when reporting current (static) data values and not changes of state events.

Note: Setting a point to Class 0 will prevent the controller’s protocol handler from reporting change of state events for that point to the master station. The point still remains accessible through static data polls.

1 Class 1 used to report high priority events. Events in this class take precedence.

2 Class 2 used to report medium priority events.

3 Class 3 used to report low priority events.

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11.2.5. BINARY OUTPUT

Binary Outputs are used to perform operations on the LBS and change setting.

Figure 11-7 Binary Output Tab




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11.2.6. ANALOG INPUT

Analog Points are used to transmit analog data such as line currents, voltages and contact life. Analog inputs are created by adding points as required, then modifying the parameters from defaults if necessary.

Figure 11-8 Analog Input Tab




Class 0~3 The DNP3.0 class of the point. The default class can be modified by

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checking from the checkbox.


Scale The scale is used to multiply the reported analog value by the amount entered. For example, scaling the Ia RMS value by a multiple of ten will change the reported value from zero decimal points to one decimal point (i.e:9 to 9.0) Default Value: 1, Range: 0.01,0.1,1,10,100

Deadband Display the deadband value for the point. The analog point value must change by more than the deadband amount before it is reported.

11.2.7. COUNTER

Counters are used to count data and events such as Trips, Protection Pickups, Faults and Accumulated kWh.

Figure 11-9 Counter Tab

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Class 0~3 The DNP3.0 class of the point. The default class can be modified by checking from the checkbox.


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12. WAVEFORM EVALUATION TOOL

12.1. OVERVIEW

The Waveform data upload from FTU through the above setting program are analyzed in this evaluation tool. Graphs of currents/voltages and operation of protection elements are displayed, and instantaneous/RMS current and voltage values, phase angles and time information at tracker position are presented. If 2 trackers one is moving with left mouse button and the other with right mouse button are used, time difference between two points is presented and it becomes the ruler for correct operation of protection element as setting. And, harmonics up to 31st and THD (Total Harmonic Distortion) also show up.

Recorded waveforms can be uploaded to FTUMan in local site. After uploading stored to the COMTRADE file format. These waveform data saved as COMTRADE file format and compatible with other analyzing tool.

ü COMTRADE file

Comtrade (Common format for Transient Data Exchange for power systems) is a file format for oscilloscopes data. It is used by many leading companies for the oscilloscopes used in high voltage substations. It has been standardized by the IEEE.

Figure 12-1 Overview of EvalTool

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12.2. OPERATION OF EVALTOOL

To start the EvalTool selects ‘Tools – Waveform Evaluation Tool’ from the FTUMan menu. The tool has meter view and scroll view for graph.

Figure 12-2 Main Screen of EvalTool

12.2.1. MENU


Open Closes the current file and opens a standard window file selection dialog. An existing Data File (*.dat) can be selected and opened.


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The Option Menu has the following options.

Graph Opens analog and digital graph select window..

Figure 12-3 Graph Select Window

Harmonic Open a window for voltage and current harmonics.

Figure 12-4 Harmonic List Window

Move Change the position of the screen.

Zoom The screen to yellow line center to shrink or enlarge the size.

The Help Menu opens a window for EvalTool’s program version and information.

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12.2.2. TOOLBAR

Figure 12-5 Toolbar of EvalTool

Graph Show the entire graph

Harmonic List Check the harmonic list

Move-First Move to the beginning graph

Move-Double left Show the prior 2-step

Move-Left Show the prior 1-step

Move-Right Show the posterior 1-step

Move-Double right Show the posterior 2-step

Move-End Move to the last graph

Zoom In Enlarge image

Zoom out Shrink image

Zoom All Enlarge all image

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13. IEC INDEX CONFIGURATION TOOL

13.1. OVERVIEW

Custom IEC 60870 point index maps can now be created and loaded into FTU directly from IECConfig. The mappings is created using the tool and saved to a IEC mapping file (*.icm).

Figure 13-1 Overview of IECConfig

13.2. OPERATION OF IECCONFIG

To start the IECConfig Tool selects ‘Tools – IEC 60870 Index Configuration’ from the FTUMan menu. When you run the IECConfig Tool, main screen is displayed as show in following figure. There are 4 tabbed pages, MSP, CSC, MME and MIT, in the IECConfig Tool.

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Figure 13-2 Main Screen of IECConfig

The IECConfig tool allows the user to build custom mappings to suit their own application. Points are added by selecting point from the Configuration Tool. Points are deleted by selecting a row by popup menu. The IECConfig tool allows the following.

ü Up to 128 MSP Point

ü Up to 32 CSC Point

ü Up to 512 MME Point

ü Up to 128 MIT Point

13.2.1. MENU



Open Closes the current file and opens a standard window file selection dialog.

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An existing IEC Config File (*.icm) can be selected and opened.







The Help Menu opens a window for IECConfig’s program version and information.

13.2.2. TOOLBAR

Figure 13-3 Toolbar of IECConfig

Tool Shows or hides a window the IEC 60870 Configuration tool box.



About Opens a window for IECConfig’s program version and information.

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Pressing Read or Write button, the following window appears. This window determines the types of data read or write.

13.2.3. CONFIGURATION TOOL BOX

The configuration tool box panel is launched by clicking the Tool button.

Figure 13-5 Configuration Tool Box

The toolbox contains every available point for FTU. The toolbox displays different points depends on which tab selected. For example, if the Counters tab is selected then only accumulators will be displayed on the list.

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13.2.4. MSP POINT

MSP points are used to report the single-point information.

Figure 13-6 MSP Point Tab

Index Specifies the IEC protocol index. Range : 0 to 127



GE Assigned global interrogation group

G1~G8 Assigned to specific interrogation group 1~8

13.2.5. CSC POINT

CSC points are used to perform operations on Single Command.

Figure 13-7 CSC Point Tab




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13.2.6. MME POINT

MME points are used to transmit measured scaled value. MME Points are created by adding points as required, then modifying the parameters from defaults if necessary.





GE Assigned global interrogation group

G1~G8 Assigned to specific interrogation group 1~8

Cyclic Select cyclic data transmission.

Scale The scale is used to multiply the reported analog value by the amount entered. For example, scaling the Ia RMS value by a multiple of ten will change the reported value from zero decimal points to one decimal point (i.e:9 to 9.0) Default Value: 1, Range: 0.01,0.1,1,10,100

Deadband Display the deadband value for the point. The analog point value must change by more than the deadband amount before it is reported.

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13.2.7. MIT POINT

MIT points are used to interrogate totals.





GE Assigned global interrogation counter group

G1~G4 Assigned to specific interrogation counter group 1~4

Feeder Terminal Unit · revision history rev date description/reson 1.0 2010-08-25 draft 1.1...

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