Feed The World

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The Definition of Fertilizer

Natural or artificial substance containing chemical elements that improve growth and productivity of plants.

Modern chemical fertilizers include one or more of the three elements most important in plant nutrition: Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium.

The second important Nutrients are : Sulfur, Magnesium, and Calcium.

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Why Plants need Fertilizer?• Plants depend

on nutrients in the soil to provide the basic chemicals for these metabolic reactions.

• The use of synthetic fertilizers has significantly improved the quality and quantity of the food available today.

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The Nitrogen Cycle

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Discovered Nitrogen fertilizer

The Haber Process :

1)Combines Nitrogen from the air with Hydrogen derived mainly from natural gas (Methane)into

Ammonia.

2)The reaction is reversible.

3 )The production of Ammonia is exothermic.

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The Benefits of Nitrogen fertilizer

The primary components in fertilizers are nutrients which are vital for plant growth.

Nitrates are known to be essential

components for making protein in plants.

Plants use Nitrogen in the synthesis of proteins, nucleic acids.

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Negative effects of Nitrogen fertilizer

Nitrogen at higher levels causes a loss of certain plant species, depletion of soil nutrients, death of fish and aquatic organisms, and contamination of drinking water.

When plants are nitrogen deficient, they are marked by reduced growth and yellowing of leaves.

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Types of Nitrogen ferttilizer

1. Urea contains 45% to 46% Nitrogen. Urea is a solid that is granulated before applying.

2.   Anhydrous ammonia, which contains 82% nitrogen it is one of the most commonly used Nitrogen fertilizers because it has a higher concentration of Nitrate and is lower in cost.

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Urea

Types of Nitrogen ferttilizer

3- Ammonium nitrate contains 34% nitrogen. It is a 50-50 mix of Ammonium and Nitrate Nitrogen.

4- Ammonium Sulfate contains only 21% Nitrogen. It is applied as a dry form with no Nitrogen loss through volatilization.

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The Problem!

What is the best amount of Nitrogen

fertilizer we can add to plants?

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Hypothesis

Not all amount of Nitrogen fertilizer is suitable for

plants.11

Methodology

1-Prepare the pots, fill it with the same soil weight(738)gram.

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Methodology

2-Seven Pea Seeds were planted in each pot, For 12 Days and irrigated as needed.

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Methodology

3-Six treatments were Done ,Nitrogen fertilizer were added in different weight (0,2,3,4,5,6)g.

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Methodology

4- Nitrogen fertilizer was dissolved in 100 ml of distilled water.

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Methodology

5- Nitrogen fertilizer solutions were added to the Soil.

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Methodology

6-The Treatments were made in triplicate.

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Methodology

7-Observe and record the growth of plants per day with the addition of water in equal amount.

Click here to see the video

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Click

me!

Methodology

8-Measure and record the length of the StalkAverage Length of stalk in (cm) date

6 g 5g 4g 3g 2g 0g

0 0 0 0 0 0 15/4

0 0 0 0 0 0.9 17/4

0 0 0.7 0.5 0 1 18/4

0 0 1.75 0.96 0.5 1.36 19/4

0 0 2.73 1.63 1 2.13 20/4

0 0 5.13 3.22 2.2 4.4 22/4

0 0 6.4 5.28 2.7 5.11 24/4

0 0 8 6.88 4 5.74 27/4

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Results

10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 280

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

0 g2g3g4g5g6g

DATE

Len

gth

of

the s

talk

in

cm

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Notes

1-The beginning of the growth in pots that does not contain fertilizer.

2-The growth of plants in all pots variably.3-Observed the quality of each of the

stalk length and diameter , surface area of the leaves and the number of branches in the pots which contain (4g/100 ml).

4-Did not notice the growth in pots which contain(5 g), (6 g) nitrogen fertilizer.

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Conclusion

Nitrogen fertilizer should be added to the soil in a certain amount, taking into account: 1- Type of plant.

2-Soil conditions. 3-Type of fertilizer.

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Recommendations

Based of the results of the research, we recommended the farmers to:

1 -Use the right percentage of Nitrogen fertilizer.

2-Use the suitable Nitrogen fertilizer to suit the type of plants ,and the nature of the soil.

3-Further research need, Find ways to reduce the impact of nitrogen fertilizer on groundwater.

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References

Books1-Rao, N. S. Biofertilizers in Agriculture &

Forestry. IBH, 1993.2-Stocchi, E. Industrial Chemistry. Ellis Horwood,

1990.Lowrison, George. Fertilizer Technology. John Wiley

and Sons, 1989.PeriodicalsKirschner, Elisabeth. "Fertilizer Makers Gear up to

Grow." Chemical & Engineering News, March, 31 1997, p. 13-15.

[Article by: Perry Romanowski]24