Federal Aviation Administration Aviation and the Environment – Navigating the Future Presented...
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Transcript of Federal Aviation Administration Aviation and the Environment – Navigating the Future Presented...
Federal AviationAdministrationAviation and the
Environment – Navigating the Future
Presented to: Climate Working Group Meeting
By: Mr. Carl Burleson,Director,FAA Office of Environment & Energy
Date: March 29, 2006
2 2Federal AviationAdministration
Aviation and the Environment- Navigating the Future March 29, 2006
• Background• Legislative Drivers
• The Next Generation Air Transportation System (NGATS) Plan• Aviation and the Environment: A National Vision
• Issues on Aviation & Climate• Scientific Uncertainties• Relative Growth• Policy Trade-offs• International Dimension
• Areas for Research Work• Closing Observations
Outline
3 3Federal AviationAdministration
Aviation and the Environment- Navigating the Future March 29, 2006
Organizational ContextFAA
Administrator
Assistant Administrator for Aviation Policy,
Planning & Environment
Office of Environment
& Energy (AEE)
14
Aeronautics andSpace
4 4Federal AviationAdministration
Aviation and the Environment- Navigating the Future March 29, 2006
• Establishes National Goals• Creates multi-agency
cooperation (FAA, DOC, NASA, DOD, DHS)
• Sets 8 Transformational Strategies
• Develop Environmental Protection that Allows Sustained Aviation Growth
Download .pdf version of the plan at www.jpdo.aero
US Vision for the Aviation System of 2025
5 5Federal AviationAdministration
Aviation and the Environment- Navigating the Future March 29, 2006
• Engaged 59 stakeholders from 38 organizations
• Examined Previous Studies/Reports
• Resulted in a Vision Statement for Aviation and the Environment
• Provides Roadmap for Environmental Strategy in Next Generation Air Transportation System (NGATS) Plan
• Provides framework for PARTNER Center of Excellence strategic plan and guiding investment
U.S. Roadmap on Aviation’s Environmental Challenges
http://web.mit.edu/aeroastro/www/partner/index.html
6 6Federal AviationAdministration
Aviation and the Environment- Navigating the Future March 29, 2006
Community Noise ImpactsDealing with significant aircraft noise impacts around airports
Global climate
The potential impact of aviation on global climate
Limiting or reducing impact of aviation on local air quality
Air Quality
Water QualityReducing significant impacts on local water quality
Multiple Environmental Challenges
7 7Federal AviationAdministration
Aviation and the Environment- Navigating the Future March 29, 2006
To Provide Environmental Protection that Allows Sustained Aviation Growth.
• By 2025, significant environmental impacts will be reduced in absolute terms, even with the anticipated growth in aviation.
• Uncertainties about aviation emissions are reduced to enable appropriate actions to address these effects.
• Communities will value airports as gateways to the national and international transportation network.
• U.S. aerospace will provide leadership in researching, developing, and implementing technological, operational and policy initiatives that address mobility and environmental needs.
8 8Federal AviationAdministration
Aviation and the Environment- Navigating the Future March 29, 2006
Aircraft Emissions in the Atmosphere
Sun
Figure adapted from 1999 Atmospheric Effects of Aviation Project NASA /FAA /EPA Partnership poster
?
Aircraft Emissions in the Environment
9 9Federal AviationAdministration
Aviation and the Environment- Navigating the Future March 29, 2006
Significant progress has been made in key areas since the IPCC report. The work done has answered many important questions and has helped to focus attention on the remaining open issues:
• particle emission characterization,• contrail models,• cloud models, and• General Circulation Models and climate models
Remaining Issues
“Further work is required to reduce scientific and other uncertainties, to understand better the options for reducing emissions, to better inform decision-makers, and to improve the understanding of the social and economic issues associated with the demand for air transport.”
Aviation and the Global Atmosphere, IPCC 1999
The Many Unknowns
10 10Federal AviationAdministration
Aviation and the Environment- Navigating the Future March 29, 2006
Radiative Forcing from Aircraft
2003 revision (>6%)with cirrus impact
Cumulative fleet CO2 emissions over last ~50 years
Short-lived clouds from emissions lasting ~1 day
1999 estimate (3.5%), cirrus impact uncertain
Future : CO2 RF lasts ~300 years, cloud RF lasts ~1 day
Figure adapted from IPCC (1999) with additional data from Schumann (2003)
W/m
2Radiative Forcing From Aircraft
11 11Federal AviationAdministration
Aviation and the Environment- Navigating the Future March 29, 2006
Aviation GHG Emissions- Relatively Modest
Residential
Electric Utilities Industry
Commercial Agriculture
Transport Each square represents 1% of total emissions inventory
Aviation
Non- Transport Transport
Non-Road Vehicles On-Road Vehicles
12 12Federal AviationAdministration
Aviation and the Environment- Navigating the Future March 29, 2006
Aviation GHG Emissions – Higher Relative Growth Ahead?
13 13Federal AviationAdministration
Aviation and the Environment- Navigating the Future March 29, 2006
Increased Engine Pressure Ratio & Temperatures
- Reduced Fuel Burn / CO2 - Reduced HC and CO- Increased NOx
Increased engine bypass ratio - Reduced Fuel Burn / CO2 - Reduced Noise - Increased NOx
Improved aerodynamic efficiency and reduced weight
- Reduced CO2
- Reduced Noise - Reduced NOx
Fuel Burn/CO2
Noi
se
Other Emissions
Continuous Descent Approach
- Reduced Noise - Reduced Fuel Burn/CO2
Nacelle Modifications- Reduced Noise - Increased Fuel Burn/CO2
No Simple Solutions- Trade-offs in Reducing Impacts
14 14Federal AviationAdministration
Aviation and the Environment- Navigating the Future March 29, 2006
Aviation & Climate Issues- Key International Debate
Figure from FAA System for Assessing Aviation's Global Emissions (SAGE) http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/aep/models/sage/
Aviation & Climate Issues- Key International Debate
15 15Federal AviationAdministration
Aviation and the Environment- Navigating the Future March 29, 2006
An Alternative View on Aviation…
“Of all the things which an ordinary person does which damage the planet, flying is far the worst.” page 7
“Flying kills. We all know it, and we all do it. And we won't stop doing it until the government reverses its policy and starts closing the runways.”
Guardian, February 28, 2006
16 16Federal AviationAdministration
Aviation and the Environment- Navigating the Future March 29, 2006
Recent Assessment
http://web.mit.edu/aeroastro/www/partner/reports/climate_rpt.pdf
17 17Federal AviationAdministration
Aviation and the Environment- Navigating the Future March 29, 2006
• Improve models of long term contrail evolution (coagulation, sedimentation, interaction with atmospheric shear & turbulence)
• Understand transformation of contrails to cirrus clouds
• Assess satellite data to characterize contrails
• Improve understanding of what controls supersaturation & cirrus formation
• Enhance inventory of particulate matter & sulfate aerosols
• Acquire real world measurements from field studies
• Assess aviation signature within climate models
Key Areas of Research
To be refined at Aviation Climate Workshop June 7-9
18 18Federal AviationAdministration
Aviation and the Environment- Navigating the Future March 29, 2006
• Next Generation Air Transportation System Plan Underway
• Aviation and climate impacts – key environmental uncertainty
• Aviation and climate impacts- the focus of international debate
• Need NOAA Support at Aviation Climate Workshop to help define a way forward
Closing Observations