February 9, 2018 Investment Grade Energy Audit Report

Victoria Park Community Homes 151 Queen St N, Hamilton

Customer:

Victoria Park Community Homes

Reference:

2018-03

Prepared by:

Finn Projects (Synchronicity Projects Inc.) 737 Mt. Pleasant Rd, Suite 200 Toronto, ON M4S 2N4 1-877-921-0900 [email protected]

Investment Grade Energy Audit Report

February 9, 2018

Investment Grade Energy Audit Report Victoria Park Community Homes, 151 Queen St N, Hamilton

©Finn Projects (Synchronicity Projects Inc.), All Rights Reserved

Contents 1. Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................... 4

2. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 6 2.1 Audit Information ........................................................................................................................................................ 6 2.2 Objectives ....................................................................................................................................................................... 6

3. Building Description ............................................................................................................................. 7

4. Utility Analysis ......................................................................................................................................... 8 4.1 Baseline Determination Methodology ................................................................................................................ 8 4.2 Rates Used for Calculations ..................................................................................................................................... 9 4.3 Annual Energy Cost & Consumption ................................................................................................................ 11 4.4 Energy Intensity Comparison ............................................................................................................................... 12 4.5 Energy Use Breakdown ........................................................................................................................................... 13

5. Summary of Conservation Measures........................................................................................... 15 5.1 Overall Summary ....................................................................................................................................................... 15 5.2 Conversions Used for Calculations .................................................................................................................... 16 5.3 Financial Incentives .................................................................................................................................................. 16 5.4 Audit & Analysis Methodology ........................................................................................................................... 17

6. Mechanical & Lighting Systems .................................................................................................... 19 6.1 General .......................................................................................................................................................................... 19 6.2 Distributed HVAC Equipment .............................................................................................................................. 19 6.3 Central Heating Equipment .................................................................................................................................. 20 6.4 Central Ventilation Equipment ............................................................................................................................ 21 6.5 Garage Ventilation .................................................................................................................................................... 21 6.6 Domestic Hot Water Equipment ......................................................................................................................... 22 6.7 Community Centre and Administration – HVAC Equipment .................................................................. 23 6.8 Windows ....................................................................................................................................................................... 25 6.9 Domestic Cold Water Equipment ....................................................................................................................... 25 6.10 Lighting ......................................................................................................................................................................... 26 6.11 Water ............................................................................................................................................................................. 26 6.12 Miscellaneous Equipment ..................................................................................................................................... 27

7. Recommended Measures ................................................................................................................ 28 7.1 Install New Make-Up Air Unit With Energy Recovery ................................................................................ 28 7.2 Install New DCW Booster Pumps with VFDs .................................................................................................. 29 7.3 Implement Intelligent Heat Control System .................................................................................................. 30 7.4 Air-Seal Building Envelope Openings ............................................................................................................... 31



7.5 Replace Windows in Community Centre Area .............................................................................................. 32 7.6 Retrofit Common Area Lighting .......................................................................................................................... 33 7.7 Install Ultra High Efficiency Toilets & Low-Flow Showerheads and Aerators ................................... 34 7.8 Insulate DHW Piping in the Mechanical Rooms ........................................................................................... 35 7.9 Install an Exterior Insulation Finishing System Over Existing Masonry ............................................... 36 7.10 Replace Old Refrigerators with Energy Star Models ................................................................................... 37 7.11 Install VFDs on Primary Pumps ........................................................................................................................... 38 7.12 Replace and Insulate DHW Risers ...................................................................................................................... 39

8. Measures Considered but Not Evaluated .................................................................................. 41 8.1 Install New Hot Water Heating Boilers ............................................................................................................ 41

9. Maintenance, Operational and Safety Issues ........................................................................... 42

10. Training & Resident Awareness .................................................................................................... 43

11. Communication ................................................................................................................................... 44

Appendix A – Utility Data Consumption & Cost .............................................................................. 45

Appendix B – Lighting ............................................................................................................................... 58

Appendix C – Major Electrical Equipment .......................................................................................... 60



1. Executive Summary Victoria Park Community Homes151 Queen St N, Hamilton

YEAR OF CONSTRUCTION / MAJOR RENOVATIONS

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

CENTRAL HEATING & COOLING

DISTRIBUTED HVAC EQUIPMENT

BUILDING VENTILATION

GARAGE VENTILATION

DOMESTIC HOT WATER

DOMESTIC COLD WATER

ENERGY SAVINGS

(GJ)

COST SAVINGS

($)

EST. NETCAPITAL COST (1)

SIMPLE PAYBACK(YEARS)

Controls 1,564 $10,700 $252,100 23.6

Domestic Cold Water 181 $5,300 $34,150 6.4

Controls 3,787 $36,250 $291,400 8.0

Building Envelope 482 $4,600 $71,100 15.5

Building Envelope 83 $800 $164,400 205.5

Lighting 253 $7,400 $36,450 4.9

Water Conservation 439 $33,100 $79,500 2.4

Insulation 97 $950 $8,200 8.6

Building Envelope 1,207 $11,600 $1,358,250 117.1

Replace Windows in Community Centre Area

Retrofit Common Area Lighting

Install Ultra High Efficiency Toilets & Low-Flow Showerheads and Aerators

Install an Exterior Insulation Finishing System Over Existing Masonry

Domestic cold water is supplied to the building through a duplex booster pump system. The pumps are constant speed, and are equipped with 10 HP motors.

Insulate DHW Piping in the Mechanical Rooms

ENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURES BREAKDOWN

Install New Make-Up Air Unit With Energy Recovery

Install New DCW Booster Pumps with VFDs

Implement Intelligent Heat Control System

Air-Seal Building Envelope Openings

DHW for the building is prepared using a separate heat exchangers and the secondary hot water loop, using HCE as the primary agent. The DHW system includes a total of 5 vertical storage tanks.

ENERGY AUDIT OF:

1974. HCE Heat Exchanger installed in 2004. New windows in 2011.

The entire building is heated by a heat exchanger that uses hot water from Hamilton Community Energy (HCE) as the primary agent. The building is not equipped with a central cooling system.

The garage is ventilated by 12 axial exhaust fans (4 on each garage level). The fans are controlled by a CO monitoring system.

Apartment residence tower, 25 storeys high, including 240 apartments. The building was constructed in the 1970’s, and includes a common laundry facility, and a 3-level underground parking garage shared with the residential building at 40 Oxford St

Each residence is hydronically heated by perimeter baseboard radiators without individual heating controls.

A single gas-fired make-up air unit provides 12,500 CFM to the building corridors. The building is equipped with a centralized exhaust system consisting of a total of 8 continuously operating roof-mounted exhaust fans. At time of investigation, we noted that only half of the exhaust fans were operational.



ENERGY SAVINGS

(GJ)

COST SAVINGS

($)

EST. NETCAPITAL COST (1)

SIMPLE PAYBACK(YEARS)

Appliances 80 $2,350 $46,850 19.9

Motors 30 $850 $6,250 7.4

Domestic Hot Water 425 $4,050 $815,100 201.3

Training 217 $6,050 $5,000 0.8

TOTAL 8,846 $124,000 $3,168,750 25.6

BASELINE ENERGY DATA ELECTRICITY NATURAL GAS

CONSUMPTION / YEAR 1,844,045 kWh 73,220 m³

COST / YEAR $193,894 $19,855

POTENTIAL SAVINGS / YEAR 9% 54%

ENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURES BREAKDOWN (continued)

Training & Resident Awareness

NOTE: (1) The above energy costs and capital costs do NOT include HST.

GHG

1,025 tonnes

43%12%

$265,969

85,797 m³

WATER

Replace Old Refrigerators with Energy Star Models

Install VFDs on Primary Pumps

Replace and Insulate DHW Risers



2. Introduction

2.1 Audit Information Finn Projects was retained by Victoria Park Community Homes to complete an ASHRAE Level III Investment Grade Energy Audit for 151 Queen St N, Hamilton. Site visit were conducted by Jolanta McKay, Patrick Wong and Jamie Loh on January 12, 2018 and January 17, 2018.

2.2 Objectives This study was defined to meet the following objectives:

▫ Audit the available data related to electricity, natural gas and water usage in the building.

▫ Review and analyze energy usage history to create a baseline from which savings can be measured.

▫ Provide an analysis of the condition of existing lighting, heating and air-conditioning systems.

▫ Determine what can be done to reduce energy use in the facility and what options are available for system retrofits.

▫ Provide a summary of cost effective retrofits and a financial analysis.

▫ Identify and evaluate measures that improve the environmental performance and provide recommendations, including estimated energy savings and implementation costs.

▫ Determine energy savings and demand savings to an accuracy of 15 - 20%.

▫ Determine costs of implementing retrofits to an accuracy of 15 - 20%.



3. Building Description The building is a 25-storey residential tower with 240 apartments, including 1, 2, 3, and 4- bedroom units. It was constructed in the 1970’s and includes a common laundry facility. The building is part of a three-building complex of two multi-residential towers located at 40 Oxford St. and 151 Queen St. North, and a single-storey community centre located at 155 Queen St. North. All three buildings share a three-level underground parking garage. Currently, only two levels of the garage are used.

The single-storey community centre building is actually on the P1 level. It consists of the Victoria Park Community Homes management office, a daycare, a gymnasium, board room, and several offices and classrooms.

The apartment units are hydronically heated by perimeter baseboard radiators without individual heating controls.

There is one electricity and one water meter for 151 Queen St. N. The gas meter is shared with the 40 Oxford St tower and the community centre. The two buildings also receive a combined bill from Hamilton Community Energy (HCE) for the heating water energy consumed for space heating and domestic hot water.

All of the building’s air handling equipment is locally controlled. The heat exchanger system is remotely controlled by a central control system monitored by HCE.



4. Utility Analysis

4.1 Baseline Determination Methodology The energy analysis provides a thorough review and analysis of the energy use profiles of the facility. This analysis (a) establishes a baseline of energy use from which savings may be measured and (b) act as a guide to investigating certain building systems and operations exhibiting energy saving potential.

Utility bills only record total consumption for a particular billing period. The consumption can be considered to consist of a Base Load plus a Weather Dependent Load. The latter is dependent on the building Weather Factor (WF) and the external environmental conditions.

The first step in the analysis was to develop a statistical model, using regression analysis, of the base year representing the billing period use for each meter.

The daily weather information for Hamilton Airport as recorded by Weather Underground, is used to analyze the impact of weather conditions on energy use. Consumption and demand information is taken from actual utility bills. The number of degree-days in a billing period is the sum of the difference between the meter's balance point temperature and the mean daily outdoor temperature noted each day. The balance point temperature is the mean daily outdoor temperature at which, on a long-term average, the solar and internal gains of a building will offset heat loss. The balance point temperature for each meter was determined by testing for a reasonable temperature that provided a straight-line model that closely fit the actual energy use/degree day relationship in the base year.

For each meter, regression analysis was used to test for the best straight-line relationship between the number of degree-days and the actual use per billing period in the base year. Each model must have a correlation (R2) greater than 75%. The number of degree-days used in determining each model is the billing period sum of the difference between the balance point temperature being tested and the mean daily temperature. A reasonable balance point temperature, whose model closely matched the actual base year energy relationship, was chosen for each meter.

Depending on the level of correlation for each meter, the base year mathematical model is of the form:

Bill Tuning (R2 > 75%): Use/Month = Base load x # of days + (WF x Degree days)

Bill Matching (R2 <75%): Use/Month = Offset

Bill Tuning

If the correlation factor R² is greater than 75%, the model reveals the base load and weather factor (WF). The base load is the portion of the load that is always present regardless of the number of degree-days in the billing period. The weather factor is the rate at which the



usage increased with an increase in the number of degree-days in the billing period. This model will be used to predict the energy usage in the building after the energy retrofit.

Bill Matching

If the correlation factor R² is below 75%, this means the correlation between the load and weather is not statistically significant. In such case, an offset equal to be actual consumption for the baseline period is applied. Simply put, the baseline consumption is the same as (or matched to) the actual consumption for the billing period. While the offset value may be different for each month in the base year, these values will be applied to the corresponding months in the years after.

Metrix™ Utility Accounting

The baselines used for the energy analysis including multi-variable linear regression were done using Metrix™ Utility accounting software. Baseline Costs are calculated using Average Total Cost/Consumption (see Section 4.2 below).

Energy/Water Baseline Period:

Electricity: December 2016 - November 2017

Natural Gas: December 2016 - November 2017

HCE: December 2016 - November 2017

Water: December 2016 - November 2017

Energy/Water Baseline Regression Formulae:

Electricity: Billing Period

Gas: m³= 0.55x[(22.9 x #Days) + (8.55 x HDD)]

HCE: MWh= 0.55x[(22.8 x #Days) + (0.46 x HDD)]

Water: Billing Period

4.2 Rates Used for Calculations Electrical

The analysis is based on the available monthly bills provided and excludes any usage from within the residential units. The blended hydro rate used for the savings calculations has been set by Metrix™ software at $0.105 per kWh. The blended rate accounts for consumption, demand and NCEC (non-competitive energy charges), but does not include HST.

The savings rate has been reduced to take into account for the recently announced hydro rate reductions.



Natural Gas

The analysis is based on the available monthly bills provided. The gas rate used for the savings calculations has been set by Metrix™ software at $0.271 per m³. This rate accounts for natural gas consumption charges including delivery, supply and NCEC, but does not include HST.

Since the gas bills are common between 40 Oxford St and 151 Queen St N, the bills have been allocated between the two reports, based on the number of apartments.

Heating Water

The analysis is based on the available monthly bills provided. The gas rate used for the savings calculations has been set by Metrix™ software at $34.48 per MWh. This rate accounts for heating water consumption and NCEC but does not include HST.

The savings rate has been adjusted to use the current 2017 heating water rates from HCE.

Since the heating water bills are common between 40 Oxford St and 151 Queen St N (which includes 155 Queen St N), the bills have been allocated between the two reports, based on building size, occupancy, and the related equipment.

Water

The analysis is based on the available monthly bills provided. The water rate used for the savings calculations has been set by Metrix™ software at $3.100 per m³.

The savings rate has been adjusted to use the current 2018 water rates from the City of Hamilton.



4.3 Annual Energy Cost & Consumption Based on the available billing data, the graph below details the split in annual utility costs of $624,863 for electricity, gas, heating water and water based on energy data from utility costs for the period December 2016 - November 2017.

30%

1%

33%

36%

Annual Utility Costs

Electricity

Natural Gas

Heating Water

Water

For energy costs alone, electricity represents 48% of annual costs, natural gas represents 1%, and heating water represents 51% as detailed in the graph below.

48%

1%

51%

Annual Energy Costs

Electricity

Natural Gas

Heating Water



Electricity represents 29% of annual energy consumption, natural gas represents 4%, and heating water represents 67% as detailed in the graph below.

29%

4%67%

Annual Energy Consumption

Electricity

Natural Gas

Heating Water

4.4 Energy Intensity Comparison The building’s energy intensity is benchmarked below against other buildings that have NOT undergone an energy efficiency retrofit.

Based on our previous auditing and measurement and verification (M&V) experience over the past 10 years, the figure below compares the energy intensity of this building with other multi-residential buildings with similar characteristics (heating source, height, type, etc.) that have not completed any energy retrofit measures. A lower intensity represents a building that is more efficient.

0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00

Proposed

Current

GJ/unit

Energy Use Intensity

Benchmarking

Note that the gas-fired make-up air for the building used significantly less gas than anticipated since it has not been running for several months.



4.5 Energy Use Breakdown The following graph gives an approximate end-use breakdown of electricity used by equipment fed from the common elements, based on the on-our site observations.

19%

3%3%

15%

2%7%8%

2%

28%

13%

Electricity End-Use Breakdown

Lighting

Heating

Cooling

CommunityCenre/Tenants/OfficeElevators

Fans

Pumps

With the number of apartments in the building, appliance and plug loads represents a big portion of the electricity used, followed by lighting and the community centre.

The following graph gives an approximate end-use breakdown of natural gas, based on our observations onsite:

74%

26%

Gas End-Use Breakdown

Make-Up Air/ AHU

Dryers



The following graph gives an approximate end-use breakdown of heating water, based on our observations onsite:

69%

31%

Heating Water End-Use Breakdown

Heating

Domestic Hot Water



5. Summary of Conservation Measures

5.1 Overall Summary We believe that VPCH has a good opportunity to reduce their utility costs; based on the Investment Grade Audit, the projected annual utility cost savings are $124,000 with a blended simple payback of 25.6 years.

The proposed energy savings measures and estimated capital costs are summarized as follows:

Estimated AnnualUtility Savings

Elec. Gas Htg. Wtr. WaterkWh m³ MWh m³ $ $ $ $ % Years

7.1Install New Make-Up Air Unit With Energy Recovery

39,460 $10,700 $397,300 -$145,200 $252,100 4% 23.6

7.2 Install New DCW Booster Pumps with VFDs 50,350 $5,300 $44,200 -$10,050 $34,150 16% 6.4

7.3 Implement Intelligent Heat Control System 1,052 $36,250 $482,500 -$191,100 $291,400 12% 8.0

7.4 Air-Seal Building Envelope Openings 134 $4,600 $71,100 $71,100 6% 15.5

7.5 Replace Windows in Community Centre Area 0 23 $800 $164,400 $164,400 0% 205.5

7.6 Retrofit Common Area Lighting 70,250 $7,400 $45,300 -$8,850 $36,450 20% 4.9

7.7Install Ultra High Efficiency Toilets & Low-Flow Showerheads and Aerators

122 9,330 $33,100 $79,500 $79,500 42% 2.4

7.8Insulate DHW Piping in the Mechanical Rooms

27 $950 $8,200 $8,200 12% 8.6

7.9Install an Exterior Insulation Finishing System Over Existing Masonry

400 335 $11,600 $1,434,300 -$76,050 $1,358,250 1% 117.1

7.10Replace Old Refrigerators with Energy Star Models

22,200 $2,350 $53,700 -$6,850 $46,850 5% 19.9

7.11 Install VFDs on Primary Pumps 8,200 $850 $7,900 -$1,650 $6,250 14% 7.4

7.12 Replace and Insulate DHW Risers 118 $4,050 $815,100 $815,100 0% 201.3

10 Training & Resident Awareness 18,400 42 850 $6,050 $5,000 $5,000 121% 0.8

169,800 39,460 1,853 10,180 $124,000 $3,608,500 -$439,750 $3,168,750 4% 25.6

1,844,045 73,220 4,210 85,797 $624,863

9.2% 53.9% 44.0% 11.9% 19.8%

Ref # Description of Energy Saving Measures

Total Estimated Savings

Annual Baseline Utilities (at same rates as savings)

Net Cost of Retrofit

Cost of Retrofit

Available Incentives Simple ROI

Simple Payback

Percent Reduction

AnnualCost Savings

NOTES: ▫ The above energy costs and capital costs do NOT include HST.

▫ The above savings are predicated on the existing building equipment and systems having regular, proper maintenance and meeting current codes. If any building system or equipment is found to be in contravention with current codes (whether noted in this report or not), the building will be responsible for bringing that system or equipment into compliance with current codes.

In addition to implementing the above energy efficiency measures, there are maintenance and labour savings as a result of newer equipment.



The associated GHG emission reductions would be:

946

430

1,025

437 42.7%CO2 Reduction (tonnes)

Greenhouse Gas Emissions Summary

CO2 Baseline (tonnes) 79

7

Elec. Gas / Hot Water Total % Reduction

A reduction of 437 tonnes of GHG is equivalent to growing 11,215 tree seedlings for 10 years, or taking 95 passenger cars off the road.

5.2 Conversions Used for Calculations The following is a list of the conversion factors used in calculating the amount of gigajoules (GJ) saved and in the calculation of Greenhouse Gases (GHG), from Canada’s National Inventory Report 1990-2015 (issued April 2017):

▫ 0.03964 GJ/m³ for natural gas

▫ 0.043 kg CO2e/kWh of electricity1

▫ 1.888 kg CO2/m³ of natural gas

▫ 0.000037 kg CH4/m³ of natural gas, with a global warming potential of 25

▫ 0.000035 kg N2O/m³ of natural gas, with a global warming potential of 298

The greenhouse gas for the HCE hot water is assumed to be generated by burning natural gas at 90% efficiency. Although the actual gas used by HCE would have co-generated both electrical power and hot water, the electricity is not used by the VPCH. Therefore we cannot accurately determine the GHG produced strictly from hot water use.

5.3 Financial Incentives The incentives have been estimated based on the following available programs:

IESO’s CDM Program - Equipment Replacement

The Independent Electricity System Operator (IESO) is providing incentive payments to the multi-residential, commercial, industrial, institutional and agricultural sector where peak demand reductions and/or energy consumption reductions have been achieved through retrofitting existing lighting and other building systems. The program provides incentives for Prescriptive, Custom or Engineered energy efficiency measures. The Prescriptive incentives are offered to pre-defined energy efficient appliances and lighting systems that include fridges, washers, dishwashers, compact fluorescent lamps and energy efficiency fluorescent fixtures, etc. The Custom or Engineered measure incentives are:

▫ $0.05/kWh for lighting measures to a maximum of 50% of the project costs.

1 Based on Preliminary Data



▫ $0.10/kWh for non-lighting measures, including lighting controls, to a maximum of 50% of the project costs.

The IESO also offers an adder for social housing building which double the incentive normally offered.

Pre-approval is required for all IESO incentives.

Union Gas’s Incentives for Energy Retrofits

For multi-residential social housing buildings, Union Gas offers financial incentives for energy retrofits, calculated on projected lifetime natural gas savings at $0.10/m³ saved up to 50% of the project costs. Some measures are eligible for prescriptive incentives. Incentives are remitted upon project completion; however, pre-approval from Union Gas is required.

5.4 Audit & Analysis Methodology Lighting Audit and Analysis

The lighting study includes an audit of the lighting systems and controls, an analysis of retrofit alternatives and a summary of recommendations. The audit includes a detailed review of various sources of lighting. This information was obtained through a physical, on-site review of the lighting system and an examination of the available drawings.

Mechanical Audit and Analysis

The mechanical study includes an audit of the facilities heating and ventilation systems and controls, an analysis of retrofit alternatives and a summary of recommendations. The audit includes a detailed review of the mechanical systems in the buildings. This information was obtained through a physical, on-site review of the equipment throughout the complex and examination of the drawings and documentation provided.

End-Use Breakdown

The equipment loads and hours of operation determined from the audit were compared to consumption figures obtained from monthly meter readings to ensure an accurate analysis.

Energy Analysis Methodology

The energy analysis was carried out based on the following methodology:

▫ An audit of the equipment was carried out including physical equipment counts, nameplate readings to determine the equipment load in kilowatts (kW).

▫ The hours of operation were determined for all equipment from the system schedules, hardware settings, building operators experience, and site observations. The hours and load information was combined to determine the consumption in kilowatt-hours (kWh).

▫ The energy use calculated above was reconciled to the actual metered consumption.

▫ The impacts of weather variables on the energy consumptions were reviewed.



Measure Selection Criteria

Measures proposed for implementation on this project have been selected based on the viability of the measure against the following criteria:

▫ Appropriateness for tasks performed in the space;

▫ Condition of existing systems;

▫ Cost to retrofit existing system compared to cost to replace systems;

▫ Maintenance requirements;

▫ Consistency of application (all areas of similar function are consistent);

▫ Overall impact on staff and general acceptance of changes;

▫ Costs and savings within overall payback guidelines, where appropriate.

Savings Methodology

The savings for the lighting are calculated by a customized database approach whereby existing and proposed energy use for any type of lighting and quantity can be determined. Calculations in spreadsheet format are used to calculate the mechanical savings. Savings are based on our engineering calculations.



6. Mechanical & Lighting Systems

6.1 General Heating to the building is provided by Hamilton Community Energy (HCE) via a heat exchanger system, tied into the building’s existing hot water system. The heat exchanger system is located on the P1 level, including the circulating pumps. The main hot water distribution pumps are located in the penthouse mechanical room.

Domestic hot water (DHW) for the building is prepared using the building hot water in separate heat exchangers and stored in five storage tanks. DHW to the administration, daycare, and P1 maintenance areas is provided by four electric DHW heaters, with 12 kW total heating capacity.

Within the apartments, heating is provided by hydronic perimeter baseboard radiators without individual heating controls.

Corridor ventilation is provided by a single gas-fired make-up air unit located on the roof of the building.

The shared garage area is ventilated by ten axial-type fans (2 on P1, 4 on each of P2 and P3). The fans are controlled by a carbon monoxide monitoring system.

The building is equipped with centralized exhaust, consisting of a total of 8 continuously operating roof-mounted exhaust fans. We noted that only half the fans were in operation at time of visit.

All building’s air handling equipment is locally controlled. The heat exchanger system is remotely controlled by a central control system monitored by HCE.

The community centre and administration area are served by a group of indoor air-conditioning (A/C) and air handling units located in the ground floor mechanical rooms. Heating is predominantly electric (in-duct coils, baseboards and fancoils). Exceptions: two of the units are tied into the HCE primary loop and the daycare unit is gas-fired.

6.2 Distributed HVAC Equipment The following is a summary of our observations on site:

▫ The building comprises of a total of 240 apartment units which consist of 1, 2, 3, and 4-bedroom units.

▫ Each apartment is hydronically heated by a number of perimeter baseboard radiators.

▫ The radiators are not equipped with any



control valves, as a result, the tenants have no individual heating controls. The heating output is controlled centrally by resetting the hot water temperature for the entire building based on outdoor temperature.

▫ The kitchens and bathrooms are ventilated by a number of central exhaust fans located on the roof.

6.3 Central Heating Equipment The following is a summary of our observations on site:

▫ Originally, the building was heated by a gas-fired heating plant located the penthouse mechanical room. In 2004 the building heating system was modified and connected to the Hamilton Community Energy (HCE) district heating system. The three old boilers have not been removed.

▫ The building is heated by a central braised-type heat exchanger that uses heating water from HCE as the primary agent. This heat exchanger, manufactured by Alfa-Laval, provides most of the building energy requirements (space heating and domestic hot water). The heat exchanger is owned and maintained by HCE.

▫ The primary agent is supplied from an outside source (Hamilton Community Energy). The plate heat exchanger is located in a mechanical room at the P-1 level. The amount of heat delivered to the building is controlled by HCE using a pair of electrically-actuated two-way valves on the primary side of the heat exchanger.

▫ The primary agent from HCE was observed to range from 190°F to 205°F.

▫ The piping distribution on the building side includes a primary loop equipped with a 5 HP pump located in the basement and a secondary loop that distributes the heating agent through the building, which is equipped with a pair of 10 HP pumps located in the penthouse. During cold weather, both pumps are turned on manually; during milder weather only one pump is used. During the site visits, the outdoor temperature was about -9°C; both pumps were running. It was also observed that one pump is leaking.

▫ The secondary pumps run during the winter only. The primary pumps in the basement run all year since the primary hot water is used to prepare the DHW in a separate heat exchanger.

▫ We noted that the majority of domestic hot water piping inside the penthouse mechanical and DHW heat exchanger room are uninsulated. The maintenance staff indicated that the insulation has been damaged by water leaks and has been removed.



▫ The penthouse boiler room is heated by a suspended hydronic forced-flow heater controlled by a wall-mounted thermostat.

6.4 Central Ventilation Equipment The following is a summary of our observations on site:

▫ The building is equipped with a single gas-fired make-up air unit located on the roof, manufactured by Engineered Air. The make-up air unit was installed in 2013.

▫ The make-up air unit is rated at 12,500 CFM and is equipped with a 15 HP motor.

▫ According to building staff, there have been many operational issues with the make-up air unit. During our site visit, the unit was not running.

▫ The building is equipped with a centralized exhaust system consisting of a total of 8 roof-mounted exhaust fans. They are designed to run continuously.

▫ The fans are the terminal point for a number of exhaust risers serving the building washrooms and kitchens. A good part of the ductwork runs exposed on the roof and the insulation is damaged.

▫ Each fan contains a double wheel rotor and a motor estimated at 1 HP (no other information was available).

▫ The pressurization levels in the building currently do not meet the design scenario, since the make-up air fan and half of the exhaust fans are not currently running.

6.5 Garage Ventilation The following is a summary of our observations on site:

▫ The 3-level underground parking garage is shared with the 40 Oxford St. residence tower.

▫ Only 2 underground parking levels are being used by the residents, with the P3 level closed-off.



▫ The garage ventilation system consists of 10 axial-type exhaust fans (2 on P1, and 4 on each of P2 and P3). Only the 6 fans on the occupied levels are regularly in operation. Each exhaust fan is rated at 11,400 CFM, equipped with a 3/4 HP motor.

▫ A carbon monoxide (CO) monitoring system is used to control the garage ventilation (including P3).

▫ The garage space is unheated.

▫ For the purpose of this report, the energy used by 2 of the 6 fans will be taken into account (with the other 4 fans allocated to the report for 40 Oxford St).

6.6 Domestic Hot Water Equipment The following is a summary of our observations on site:

▫ The residential DHW system consists of two zones: a high-pressure zone serving floors 9-25 and a low-pressure zone serving floors 1-8 of the building tower as well as the community centre.

▫ For each zone, the DHW is prepared in dedicated heat exchangers, that use building primary loop hot water as the energy source (in turn, the building primary loop water is prepared using HCE hot water in the main heat exchangers).

▫ The high-pressure DHW heat exchanger is a plate-type, manufactured by Alfa-Laval. Its capacity is modulated by a 2-way control valve. The high-pressure DHW is stored in of 4 insulated vertical DHW storage tanks manufactured by Rheem-Ruud, with a combined storage capacity of 450 gallons.

▫ The DHW between the heat exchanger and storage tanks is circulated by an Armstrong pump rated at 1/6 HP running continuously.

▫ The high-pressure zone DHW is also equipped with a single Bell and Gosset DHW re-circulation pump rated at 1/3 HP, operating continuously.

▫ The low-pressure DHW is prepared in two tubes-in-shell heat exchangers located in a mechanical room at the ground level (next to the Laundry). The primary agent in these heat exchangers is prepared in the penthouse (using a separate new heat exchanger) and sent down to the ground level using a 5 HP pump.



▫ The low-pressure DHW is stored in a single vertical tank, rated at approx. 400 gallons. We noted the stored water in the lower zone stored at 143°F.

▫ The penthouse boiler room also contains a total of two redundant DHW gas-fired boilers manufactured by Patterson Kelly (P-K Thermific). Judging from their appearance, the boilers have not been operational for a number of years.

▫ DHW to the administration area of the community centre is provided by a single electric DHW tank located in a small storage room. The tank is manufactured by Rheem-Ruud, with a 105 L storage capacity.

▫ DHW to the daycare is provided by another electric DHW tank located in a small storage room. The tank is manufactured by Rheem-Ruud, with a 175 L storage capacity, rated at 3000 W.

▫ The P1 level maintenance area is served by a total of two electric DHW tanks with a combined storage and heating capacities of 544 L and 7,500 W respectively.

6.7 Community Centre and Administration – HVAC Equipment The following is a summary of our observations on site:

▫ The administration area is located on the ground floor adjacent to the community centre and consists of a number of offices, common washrooms, meeting rooms and storage rooms.

▫ Heating and cooling to the entire administration area is provided by a single indoor 5,000 CFM air-handling unit located in a dedicated mechanical room at the P-2 level. The unit, manufactured by Keeprite is equipped with a 2 HP supply fan motor, a DX cooling coil and works in conjunction with a 12-ton condenser located adjacent to the mechanical room in the garage.

▫ The AHU supply ductwork is split to serve the east and west sides of the administration area through a series of supply air (S/A) grilles. Both S/A ducts are equipped with separate electric in-duct heaters manufactured by Hydro-Air, rated each at 25 kW heating capacity.

▫ The air from the administration area is returned back to the AHU via two 24”x24” side-wall mounted return air (R/A) grilles.

▫ The electric reheat coils for the east and west sides of the administration area are independently controlled by two wall-mounted Honeywell thermostats.

▫ Most offices are equipped with small electric baseboard heaters, controlled by integral thermostats. The baseboards provide a total of 2 kW of secondary heating to the administration area.

▫ The Copy and Server Rooms are served by two similar fractional HP exhaust fans rated at approx. 300 CFM and controlled by separate wall-mounted thermostats.



▫ Another fractional HP exhaust fan serves the common washrooms, kitchenette and a small storage room. The fan was operating at time of visit.

▫ In addition to the offices and administration area, the community centre consists of a daycare, an education centre (classrooms), gymnasium, conference room, utility rooms, and common areas including kitchenettes and washrooms.

▫ The gymnasium is served by a separate indoor air-handling unit located in a dedicated mechanical room. The unit was manufactured by Keeprite and has recently been retrofit with a new DX cooling coil and condenser.

▫ The after-school classrooms are equipped with two Carrier split-type air conditioners, each equipped with a 30 kW coil and a 3 ton DX coil. Each unit is equipped with a ½ HP supply fan. The daycare units are controlled by separate wall-mounted programmable thermostats.

▫ The conference room is served by a separate split-type A/C unit equipped with a 2 ton cooling coil and a 4 kW electric reheat coil. The unit is controlled by a separate thermostat and equipped with a ¼ HP supply fan.

▫ One of the classrooms contains two through-the-wall packaged terminal air conditioners (PTAC), estimated at 1½ ton cooling capacity each and a 4 kW electric reheat coil each.

▫ An additional air handling unit provides ventilation air to the community centre. It is located at the P-1 level and is equipped with a glycol heating coil; the glycol is prepared in a tube-in-shell heat exchanger, using building primary hot water as the heating agent. The heating capacity of the glycol coil is 150 MBTU/hr and the glycol circulation pump is rated at ¼ HP.

▫ The unit is rated at 2,000 cfm and is equipped with a 1 HP supply fan and a ¾ HP return fan.

▫ The hallway of the Circle of Friends offices and classrooms are heated by a combination of electrical baseboards and forced-flow heaters with a combined load of approx. 12



kW. The baseboards are controlled by integral built-in thermostats. There are also some hot water radiators.

▫ The daycare is served by a separate rooftop air-handling unit manufactured by York. This unit is equipped with a gas-fired heat exchanger rated at 125,000 Btu/hr max input, as well as a 1 HP supply fan motor, and provides a total of 5 ton of cooling to the daycare area.

▫ Control of the York AHU is via a dedicated digital thermostat, wall-mounted inside the daycare.

▫ The main entrance into the community centre is heated by a semi-recessed electric forced-flow heater rated at close to 5 kW.

6.8 Windows The following is a summary of our observations on site:

▫ The windows in the Employment Ontario office, Victoria Park Management office, and daycare centre are old, and have not been replaced in at least 27 years.

▫ Staff on site reported problems with water leakage and condensation, and water damage was visible around the windows.

▫ The windows for the tower and all the apartment units were replaced in 2011. The windows are double-pane with an air gap and are in relatively good condition.

6.9 Domestic Cold Water Equipment The following is a summary of our observations on site:

▫ The domestic cold water system includes two pressure zones: a high-pressure zone serving the upper floors and a low pressure zone serving the first 7 floors of the building.

▫ The booster system for the high-pressure zone consists of a two pump system, each rated at 10 HP. The low-pressure zone has no pump; it uses City water pressure.

▫ Both pumps run continuously.

▫ The condition of the pumps and associated insulation was very poor.



6.10 Lighting The following is a summary of our observations on site:

▫ The lighting in the common areas of the building primarily consists of linear fluorescent lamps and a mix of magnetic and electronic ballasts, with some CFL lamps in the stairwells, storage rooms and corridors. There is a large variety of the types of fixtures, and many appear to be in poor condition.

▫ Lighting in the parking garage consists of 54W T5 fluorescent lamps on electric ballasts. The lights above the parking spaces are controlled by occupancy sensors. Electricity for the parking garage lighting is split between 40 Oxford and 151 Queen St. N. On the closed-off P3 level, only the fixtures on the emergency circuit were lit. The parking space lights are controlled by occupancy sensors and some of the drive lane lights were off.

▫ The exit signs in the building consist of LED models.

▫ The exterior lighting consists of 50W to 175W high pressure sodium lamps wall and canopy fixtures.

▫ The lighting in the residential units is mostly LED lamps, which was recently retrofitted by the building.

6.11 Water The following is a summary of our observations on site:

▫ The existing toilets have a flush volume of 6.0 liters per flush (Lpf).

▫ The existing showerheads are rated between 4.7 litres per minute (Lpm) and 9.5 Lpm; the majority of the showerheads were rated at 9.5 Lpm.

▫ The existing bathroom aerators are rated between 3.8 and 5.7 Lpm.

▫ The majority of the existing kitchen aerators are rated at 5.7 Lpm. The remaining kitchen aerators have a flow rate between 7.5 and 15 Lpm.



6.12 Miscellaneous Equipment The following is a summary of our observations on site:

▫ The building is equipped with an electric snow melting system serving the two garage entrance ramps. For the purpose of this report, we considered the energy usage of one ramp snow melting cables for this building.

▫ The building is equipped with a total of 3 elevators. The penthouse elevator machine room contains 3 electric elevator motors rated at 35 HP each.

▫ The elevator room is ventilated by single centrifugal exhaust fan rated at 1 HP controlled by a toggle switch. The exhaust fan was not operational at time of visit.

▫ Cooling to the elevator machine room is provided by two Trane split-type A/C units equipped with ½ HP fans and controlled by wall mounted thermostats with auto/on fan settings and cool/off/heat selections. The two Trane units work together with two rooftop condensing units rated at 3.5 ton each.

▫ The ground floor garbage room contains a single compactor equipped with a hydraulic pump operated by an electric motor rated at 5 HP.

▫ The building is equipped with a single ground floor common laundry facility. The room is equipped with a total of 14 commercial type gas-fired dryers and 12 front-loading washing machines manufactured by Heubsch.

▫ The dryers are rated at 50,000 Btu/hr each, being served by a single booster fan controlled by a toggle switch, located inside a P1 level service room.

▫ The laundry equipment is owned and operated by Coinamatic.

▫ The building complex contains a total of 4 sump pumps located on the P3 level of the shared underground parking garage.

▫ The building is equipped with a rooftop stair pressurization fan manufactured by Trane. The fan appears in poor condition.



7. Recommended Measures The following sections detail the savings measures that are recommended for implementation.

7.1 Install New Make-Up Air Unit With Energy Recovery Existing Conditions Our visual inspection revealed the following:

▫ The make-up air unit is set to continuously supply air to the corridors.

Recommendations In order to supply conditioned air to the corridors with the minimal amount of utility consumption, we recommend the following measure:

▫ Replace the gas-fired make-up air unit with new make-up air unit, complete with a high efficiency energy capture and recovery module to recover energy from the exhaust air stream from the kitchen and bathroom exhaust ducts.

▫ High efficiency energy recovery ventilator can recover up to 90% sensible heat and 70% in latent heat.

Outline of Scope of Work ▫ Remove the existing make-up air unit.

▫ Supply and install a new gas-fired make-up air unit completed with energy recovery module.

▫ Re-duct the exhaust air ductwork to the make-up air unit; insulate the new rooftop ductwork. Remove the original exhaust fans.

▫ Provide power supply to the make-up air fans and electrical controls.

▫ Connect the gas to the burner.

Operations and Maintenance

There will be no significant changes to the operation and maintenance of the MUA unit. The exhaust fans will be removed so there is now only one exhaust fan (which is in the MUA unit.

Benefits The main benefit of this measure is the energy savings resulting from the decreased energy required to heat and cool the make-up air. The potential savings are shown below:

Annual Consumption Savings

Annual GHGSavings

Annual Cost Savings


SimpleROI

Simple Payback

39,460 m³ gas 75 tonnes $10,700

Total 75 tonnes $10,700 $252,100 4% 23.6 years



7.2 Install New DCW Booster Pumps with VFDs Existing Conditions

Our visual inspection revealed the following:

▫ The existing DCW booster system is old and has limited capacity to adjust to the variable demands of the building.

Recommendations

In order to decrease the energy used for pumping the DCW, we recommend the following measure:

▫ Replace the existing booster system with a new one which is equipped with variable frequency drives for the motors.

Outline of Scope of Work

▫ Remove the existing pressure booster system.

▫ Supply and install a new pressure booster system consisting of two pumps completed with VFDs and a cushion tank.

▫ Supply and install a pressure sensor to control the operation of the VFDs.

▫ Modify the electrical power supply to the new DCW booster system to suit.


▫ There will be no change to the operation and maintenance of the DCW booster pump. The new system will run less often or with less load, so it is expected to operate for longer with less maintenance. The VFDs will require regular maintenance.

Benefits

The benefits of this measure would be the reduction of the energy used for pumping DCW to the high pressure zone. The potential savings are shown below:


Annual GHGSavings

Annual Cost Savings


SimpleROI

Simple Payback

50,350 kWh elec. 3 tonnes $5,300




7.3 Implement Intelligent Heat Control System Existing Conditions


▫ The output of the hot water radiators is not controlled locally. The only available control is the reset of the secondary loop through the 3-way mixing valve.

Recommendations

In order to decrease the energy required to heat the building, we recommend the following measure:

▫ Supply and install a dynamic intelligent heating control system to monitor and operate the perimeter hot water radiators.


▫ Install thermocouple sensors in each apartment unit, interfaced with existing circuit panels.

▫ Supply and install a variety of other sensors throughout the building, as needed; including temperature, runtime, power, wind speed/direction and flow sensors.

▫ Supply and install actuators and controllers to open and close valves and operate the heating system

▫ Provide software for controlling the heating system, monitoring real-time data, and reporting historical data.


▫ No changes in building maintenance/operation. Heat will automatically be delivered only when/where it is required.

▫ Building staff and heat supplier must be trained on how the control system works, with technical support available.

Benefits

The main benefits of this measure would be the energy savings resulting from reduced heating usage and better thermal comfort. The potential savings are shown below:

Annual Consumption

SavingsAnnual GHG

SavingsAnnual Cost

SavingsNet Cost of

RetrofitSimple

ROISimple

Payback

1,052 MWh 202 tonnes $36,250




7.4 Air-Seal Building Envelope Openings Existing Conditions

Our visual inspection revealed the following: ▫ The existing weather-seals on the exterior doors have worn, allowing air to escape to

the exterior.

▫ Floor-to-floor shafts in the building were improperly sealed, increasing stack pressures.

Recommendations

In order to reduce drafts and energy used to heat the building, we recommend the following measures: ▫ Install weather-stripping on all exterior doors, including roof access.

▫ Install weather-stripping on the entry door to the stairwells.

▫ Install weather-stripping on entry doors to garbage rooms.

▫ Seal around pipe penetrations in mechanical room and electrical closets.


▫ We do not anticipate any changes to the operation and maintenance.

Benefits

The main benefits of these measures would be a reduction in energy consumption and the improvement in thermal comfort of the occupants. The potential savings are shown below:


Annual GHGSavings

Annual Cost Savings


SimpleROI

Simple Payback

134 MWh 26 tonnes $4,600




7.5 Replace Windows in Community Centre Area Existing Conditions

Our visual inspection of the common area windows revealed the following:

▫ The windows in the Employment Ontario office, Victoria Park Management office, and daycare centre are old, and have not been replaced in at least 27 years.

▫ Staff on site reported problems with water leakage and condensation, and water damage was visible around the windows.

Recommendations

In order to reduce the amount of heating required in the building and to improve occupant comfort, we recommend the following measure:

▫ Replace the existing windows with new, efficient double pane windows with a low-e coating, which have higher R-value (higher R-value means greater insulating power).


▫ Remove the existing windows.

▫ Install the new windows complete with new frames and flashing.

▫ Properly seal and caulk around the windows.

▫ Repair damaged plaster inside the building.


▫ We do not anticipate any major changes to the operation or maintenance of the new windows.

Benefits

The main benefits of this measure would be the energy savings and increased occupant comfort, resulting from the new windows. The potential savings are shown below:


Annual GHGSavings

Annual Cost Savings


SimpleROI

Simple Payback

0 kWh elec. 0 tonnes $0 23 MWh 4 tonnes $800

Total 4 tonnes $800 $164,400 0% 205.5 years

Note: In addition to the savings from the increased R-value with the new windows, the replacement would also fix the air and water leakage currently noted on site.



7.6 Retrofit Common Area Lighting Existing Conditions

Our visual inspection of the common area lighting revealed the following:

▫ The lighting in the common areas of the building primarily consists of linear fluorescent lamps and a mix of magnetic and electronic ballasts, with some CFL lamps in the stairwells, storage rooms and corridors. There is a large variety of the types of fixtures, and many appear to be in poor condition.

▫ Lighting in the parking garage consists of 54W T5 fluorescent lamps on electric ballasts. The lights above the parking spaces are controlled by occupancy sensors.

▫ The exterior lighting consists of 50W to 175W high pressure sodium lamps wall and canopy fixtures.

Recommendations

In order to improve the efficiency of the lighting and decrease the electricity usage of the building, we recommend the following measures: ▫ Retrofit the building corridors and stairways with new LED tube fixtures.

▫ Retrofit all remaining linear fluorescent and CFL lamps in 24-hour areas with LED equivalents.

▫ Retrofit parking garage lighting T5 fluorescent lamps with LED equivalent tubes.

▫ Replace exterior high-pressure sodium canopy fixtures with equivalent LED retrofits.


▫ LED fixtures require less maintenance and virtually no lamp changes. With less light depreciation, the lighting condition will be improved and maintained for the occupants.

Benefits

The main benefit of these measures is the reduction of energy used for lighting while maintaining the lighting level. The potential savings are shown below:


Annual GHGSavings

Annual Cost Savings


SimpleROI

Simple Payback





7.7 Install Ultra High Efficiency Toilets & Low-Flow Showerheads and Aerators Existing Conditions


▫ The existing toilets have a flush volume of 6.0 liters per flush (Lpf).

▫ The existing showerheads are rated between 4.7 litres per minute (Lpm) and 9.5 Lpm; the majority of the showerheads were rated at 9.5 Lpm.

▫ The existing bathroom aerators are rated between 3.8 and 5.7 Lpm.

▫ The majority of the existing kitchen aerators are rated at 5.7 Lpm. The remaining kitchen aerators have a flow rate between 7.5 and 15 Lpm.

Recommendations

In order to reduce the water consumption and the energy used for DHW, we recommend the following measures:

▫ Replace all tank type toilets with ultra high efficiency toilets (UHET) using 3.0 Lpf.

▫ Replace all 9.5 Lpm showerheads with new 5.7 Lpm showerheads.

▫ Replace the existing washroom faucet aerators rated with low-flow aerators rated for 3.8 Lpm.

▫ Replace the existing kitchen faucet aerators rated with low-flow aerators rated for 5.7 Lpm.


▫ We do not anticipate any changes to the operation or maintenance of this equipment.

Benefits

The benefits of the measure would be water cost savings, and water heating energy savings. The potential savings are shown below:


Annual GHGSavings

Annual Cost Savings


SimpleROI

Simple Payback

122 MWh 23 tonnes $4,200 9,330 m³ water $28,900




7.8 Insulate DHW Piping in the Mechanical Rooms Existing Conditions


▫ The domestic hot water and cold water piping in the basement mechanical room and mechanical penthouse is missing insulation.

Recommendations

In order to reduce the heat loss of the DHW system we recommend the following measures:

▫ Install insulation on all existing DHW and DCW piping in the basement mechanical room and mechanical penthouse.

▫ Install PVC covers over insulation, marked with type of flow and flow direction.



Benefits

The main benefit of these measures is the reduction of heat lost though the pipes, and energy used to heat the DHW. It also reduces condensation and oxidation on DCW pipes. The potential savings are shown below:


Annual GHGSavings

Annual Cost Savings


SimpleROI

Simple Payback

27 MWh 5 tonnes $950




7.9 Install an Exterior Insulation Finishing System Over Existing Masonry Existing Conditions

The previous study of the building envelope, issued by BEST Consultants in 2014, indicated that:

▫ The brick masonry is deteriorating, with the highest degree of deterioration located at the upper floors of the tower. The steel lintels supporting the brickwork above the upper floor windows are noted to be severely corroded.

▫ The exterior walls are constructed of TTW brick infill panels supported on a reinforced concrete structure of floor slabs columns and shear walls. The wall system appeared to be a “face-sealed” system. This type of construction has no method of addressing water penetrations to the brick face or into the interior wall assembly.

▫ Thermal bridging occurs at the locations of the reinforced concrete columns along the exterior wall, which results in increased heat loss from the building interior, and possibility of condensation.

Recommendations

In order to reduce heat loss through the walls, we recommend the following measure:

▫ Insulate the exterior of the buildings using an exterior insulation finishing system (EIFS), which adds an insulating value of approximately R-11.5 to the existing wall.

▫ To facilitate the addition of EIFS, structural deterioration to the brickwork, corrosions of steel supports, etc. must be inspected and repaired first to avoid further damage.


▫ Once the building envelope is repaired and the EIFS is added, we expect a significant reduction in issue related water penetration and air infiltration, which will reduce maintenance costs.

Benefits

The main benefit of this measure would be the reduced heat loss through exterior wall. The potential savings are shown below:


Annual GHGSavings

Annual Cost Savings


SimpleROI

Simple Payback

400 kWh elec. 0 tonnes $50 335 MWh 64 tonnes $11,550

Total 64 tonnes $11,600 $1,358,250 1% 117.1 years

Note: Some costs have been allocated for the structural repairs.



7.10 Replace Old Refrigerators with Energy Star Models Existing Conditions


▫ The refrigerators in the units were a mix of old and new 15 cu. ft. top freezer models. None of them were Energy Star rated. Most of the older refrigerators were GE models.

A non Energy-Star rated fridges made before 2003, on average uses about 861 kWh/year (or more), while a new Energy-Star rated fridge consumes about only 374 kWh/year.

Recommendations

In order to reduce the electricity, we recommend the following measure:

▫ Replace all refrigerators manufactured before 2003 with new, Energy Star 15 cu. ft. models.



Benefits

The main benefit of these measures would be a reduction in energy consumption. The potential savings are shown below:


Annual GHGSavings

Annual Cost Savings


SimpleROI

Simple Payback





7.11 Install VFDs on Primary Pumps Existing conditions


▫ The summer operation of the primary pump serves only the DHW heat exchangers. The necessary flow is a fraction of the flow required during the winter.

Recommendations

In order to reduce the energy used by the primary pump, we recommend the following measure:

▫ Supply and install a variable frequency drive on the primary pumps to match the variable summer/winter primary loop flow demands.


Work Required:

▫ Supply and install the variable frequency drive.

▫ Program the new drive for the summer/winter required flows.

▫ Interlock the drive with the operation of the secondary loop pumps.



Benefits

The main benefits of this measure would be the energy savings achieved by reducing the energy used by the primary pump during the summer. The potential savings are shown below:


Annual GHGSavings

Annual Cost Savings


SimpleROI

Simple Payback

8,200 kWh elec. 0 tonnes $850




7.12 Replace and Insulate DHW Risers Existing conditions


▫ The existing DHW risers are uninsulated.

▫ The DHW risers are original to the building and, according to building staff, they have several pin-hole leaks and require replacement.

▫ According to building staff, pipe insulation was removed when it was damaged by the leaks in the DHW risers.

Recommendations

In order to reduce the heat loss of the DHW system we recommend the following measures:

▫ Replace all DHW riser piping and valves.

▫ Install insulation on all new existing DHW piping.


Work Required:

▫ Layout and cut all necessary drywall openings.

▫ Remove and reinstall T-bar ceilings in the ground, penthouse, 8th and ground floors

▫ Replace all necessary pipes and fittings.

▫ Install new DHW in suite valves.

▫ Install new pipe insulation based on ½ thick paperbacked insulation.


▫ While there will be no change to operation, there will be significant reduction in water leaks, which will reduce maintenance and repairs required. It will also help mitigate other issues such as water damages to insulation and walls, mold growth, etc.



Benefits

The measure has the benefits of reducing the heat lost though the pipes, and energy used to heat the DHW. The potential savings are shown below:


Annual GHGSavings

Annual Cost Savings


SimpleROI

Simple Payback

118 MWh 23 tonnes $4,050


Note: The savings from mitigating leaks, wall and insulation damages, and maintenance savings have not been quantified, but should be considered for this measure.

The capital cost estimated is based on working with drywall in all of the apartments, and that the existing pipes are copper. Plaster or concrete walls, galvanized steel pipes will cost more to remove. Study must be done to ensure none of the insulation for piping or behind the walls contains asbestos.



8. Measures Considered but Not Evaluated The following list of measures have been considered, but are not evaluated due to physical constraints, disturbance to the residents, and impracticality, etc.

8.1 Install New Hot Water Heating Boilers The building’s heating water and domestic hot water is generated by Hamilton Community Energy. Energy costs could be reduced by generating heating water and domestic hot water with on-site boilers, however the buyout required to end the HCE heating contract would give this measure an extended payback.



9. Maintenance, Operational and Safety Issues The costs and savings outlined in the report are predicated on the existing building equipment and systems have regular, proper maintenance and meeting current codes. If any building system or equipment is found to be in contravention with current codes (whether noted in this report or not), the condominium will be responsible for bringing that system or equipment into compliance with current codes.

In general, the building is aging, and the building infrastructure requires frequent maintenance and repairs. Some of the areas of concerns include the aging water piping, balcony slab and exterior masonry façade, ductwork for roof exhaust fans, etc. The hot water radiator shut off valves are also at an age where many valves are either seized or they break when turned.

VPCH is aware of most of these issues and has set aside budgets to tackle some replacements.

On the other hand, much of the heating, mechanical and electrical equipment has been updated and is in good condition. The windows for the high-rise building have been replaced

The make-up air unit on the roof was not operating at the time of the visit. Staff reported that it has been down for repair for a few months.



10. Training & Resident Awareness Training is an integral part of the project plan and is critical to the success of the project in terms of achieving and sustaining the proposed savings. The overall intent of the training program is to complement the technological and organization changes proposed in the plan and maximize the energy savings resulting from the project. Training on building systems and energy efficiency will allow the building staff to modify operations to increase efficiencies, identify opportunities for energy savings measures and raise awareness of energy efficiency among the non-technical staff. Case studies have shown that energy training and education for operators and staff can lead to greater energy savings than many building retrofits.

Finn Projects will deliver a resident awareness program regarding energy efficiency and water conservation. Information sessions will be available for all residents and will include:

▫ Information and benefits of the energy efficient measures implemented, explaining how residents can modify their consumption behaviour including tips and tools for residents to reduce electricity usage.

▫ Displays and information packages (session handouts) for residents which include key points delivered in presentation and tips for using energy and water wisely

Training on the new systems will be provided for the operators to ensure that the building is operated in an energy efficiency manner.

It has been assumed that (a conservative) 1.0% of the building’s annual energy costs (excluding the process usage) will be saved by the implementation of these programs.


Annual GHGSavings

Annual Cost Savings


SimpleROI

Simple Payback

18,400 kWh elec. 1 tonnes $1,950 42 MWh 8 tonnes $1,450

850 m³ water $2,650 Total 9 tonnes $6,050 $5,000 121% 0.8 years



11. Communication The building should implement a communication program to communicate any activities and achievements related to energy efficiency. The communications program should employ a variety of tools including demonstrations, bulletin boards, posters and newsletters to create awareness of energy efficiency, the environment and climate change. The communication program should also provide a channel for input from the occupants for future energy efficiency projects, activities and programs. By keeping everyone informed of what is expected of them in terms of reducing energy consumption; what changes are being made to the facility; and how the building is progressing towards its energy reduction target, will help occupants to buy into the idea of becoming energy efficient.

The communication program could also perform the additional function of keeping new occupants informed of reasons behind energy efficiency measures implemented at the building.



Appendix A – Utility Data Consumption & Cost The baseline is the forecasted utility usage for the given billing period and weather conditions based upon historical energy performance and weather conditions. The baseline is adjusted to account for changes in the weather and changes in the length of the billing period, e.g. if the current billing period is longer and colder than the historical billing period, the forecasted energy consumption would be increased to predict the consumption more accurately.

The baseline can be used to predict what utility consumption and cost would have been if no energy efficiency measures had been implemented at the property. Note that we have used current rates for our savings analysis, not the baseline rates. Comparing the actual utility billings to the baselines can provide an accurate measure of the savings achieved from energy efficiency projects.

The following baselines were selected for the building utility meters:

Electricity Consumption

Base year from December 2016 - November 2017 with corrections for cooling degree days, heating degree days and billing period length.

The electricity consumption data is based on the bills received; we did not see any abnormalities in our analysis of the electricity usage.

Natural Gas Consumption

Base year from December 2016 - November 2017 with corrections for heating degree days and billing period length.

The gas consumption data is based on the bills received; we did not see any abnormalities in our analysis of the gas usage.

Heating Water Consumption

Base year from December 2016 - November 2017 with corrections for cooling degree days and billing period length.

The water consumption data is based on the bills received; we did not see any abnormalities in our analysis of the water usage.

Water Consumption

Base year from December 2016 - November 2017 with corrections for cooling degree days and billing period length.

The water consumption data is based on the bills received; we did not see any abnormalities in our analysis of the water usage.

Note: +=Savings () = OverrunConsump Cost Consump Cost Consump Cost

(kWh) ($) (kWh) ($) (kWh) ($)Jan 162,665 $21,267 162,665 $21,267 - $0Feb 144,660 $18,953 144,660 $18,953 - $0Mar 156,776 $20,774 156,776 $20,774 - $0Apr 139,789 $17,868 139,789 $17,868 - $0May 143,594 $17,379 143,594 $17,379 - $0Jun 153,451 $18,075 153,451 $18,075 - $0Jul 171,737 $18,075 171,737 $18,075 - $0Aug 162,114 $16,564 162,114 $16,564 - $0Sep 151,369 $15,576 151,369 $15,576 - $0Oct 158,364 $16,345 158,364 $16,345 - $0Nov 138,726 $13,916 138,726 $13,916 - $0Dec 157,349 $20,243 157,349 $20,243 - $0Total 1,840,593 $215,035 1,840,593 $215,035 - $0

151 Queen St. N.2016-2017 Electrical Consumption and Cost Savings

Adjusted Baseline for 2016-2017 Actual 2016-2017 Variance

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

160,000

180,000

200,000

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Cons

umpt

ion

(kW

h)

Electrical Consumption

Actual Baseline

$0

$5,000

$10,000

$15,000

$20,000

$25,000


Electrical Cost

Actual Baseline

Finn Projects(Synchronicity Projects Inc.)

151 Queen St. N.Electricity Ledger

Year 2015 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total Total Cost $23,004 $21,732 $19,821 $19,262 $23,610 $25,443 $25,488 $25,141 $21,851 $18,149 $19,292 $25,127 $267,920 Consumption (kWh) 195,536 186,490 184,124 157,687 164,207 159,633 171,050 177,055 157,265 141,447 141,464 158,974 1,994,931 Demand (kW) 360 369 369 315 309 332 332 333 333 333 300 274 3,957 Cooling Degree-Days 0 0 0 0 31 20 80 52 53 0 0 0 234 Heating Degree-Days 826 894 646 348 104 50 11 16 46 266 359 455 4,021 Unit Cost ($/kWh) $0.118 $0.117 $0.108 $0.122 $0.144 $0.159 $0.149 $0.142 $0.139 $0.128 $0.136 $0.158 $0.134

Year 2016 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total Total Cost $29,894 $26,340 $25,671 $26,692 $28,433 $29,216 $29,397 $31,784 $23,920 $20,518 $20,521 $20,243 $312,628 Consumption (kWh) 186,206 155,070 152,302 144,248 158,477 160,483 193,202 208,128 166,548 153,030 156,768 157,349 1,991,810 Demand (kW) 357 357 338 279 314 361 361 353 355 355 324 294 4,049 Cooling Degree-Days 0 0 0 0 25 48 132 140 47 4 0 0 396 Heating Degree-Days 698 610 480 413 161 38 1 0 42 219 362 644 3,668 Unit Cost ($/kWh) $0.161 $0.170 $0.169 $0.185 $0.179 $0.182 $0.152 $0.153 $0.144 $0.134 $0.131 $0.129 $0.157

Year 2017 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total Total Cost $21,267 $18,953 $20,774 $17,868 $17,379 $18,075 $18,075 $16,564 $15,576 $16,345 $13,916 $194,792 Consumption (kWh) 162,665 144,660 156,776 139,789 143,594 153,451 171,737 162,114 151,369 158,364 138,726 1,683,245 Demand (kW) 269 307 332 332 307 347 347 320 331 331 312 3,536 Cooling Degree-Days 0 0 0 1 7 50 73 44 46 6 0 226 Heating Degree-Days 640 519 590 284 205 36 0 22 69 177 466 3,006 Unit Cost ($/kWh) $0.131 $0.131 $0.133 $0.128 $0.121 $0.118 $0.105 $0.102 $0.103 $0.103 $0.100 $0.116



(m³) ($) (m³) ($) (m³) ($)Jan 7,708 $22,854 7,708 $22,854 - $0Feb 6,675 $19,974 6,675 $19,974 - $0Mar 7,364 $22,038 7,364 $22,038 - $0Apr 6,974 $20,874 6,974 $20,874 - $0May 7,458 $22,317 7,458 $22,317 - $0Jun 6,991 $20,923 6,991 $20,923 - $0Jul 7,110 $21,284 7,110 $21,284 - $0Aug 7,049 $21,103 7,049 $21,103 - $0Sep 6,898 $20,646 6,898 $20,646 - $0Oct 7,070 $21,163 7,070 $21,163 - $0Nov 6,766 $20,256 6,766 $20,256 - $0Dec 7,734 $22,452 7,734 $22,452 - $0Total 85,797 $255,884 85,797 $255,884 - $0

151 Queen St. N.2016-2017 Water Consumption and Cost Savings


0

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(m³)

Water Consumption

Actual Baseline

$0

$5,000

$10,000

$15,000

$20,000

$25,000


Water Cost

Actual Baseline


151 Queen St. N.Water Ledger

Year 2015 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total Total Cost $16,108 $14,642 $16,156 $15,806 $17,322 $17,048 $17,672 $17,290 $16,203 $17,047 $17,310 $18,062 $200,666 Consumption (m³) 6,009 5,341 5,863 5,737 6,291 6,192 6,419 6,279 5,883 6,190 6,288 6,485 72,976 Cooling Degree-Days 0 0 0 0 31 20 80 52 53 0 0 0 234 Heating Degree-Days 826 894 646 348 104 50 11 16 46 266 359 455 4,021 Unit Cost ($/m³) $2.681 $2.741 $2.755 $2.755 $2.754 $2.753 $2.753 $2.754 $2.754 $2.754 $2.753 $2.785 $2.750

Year 2016 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total Total Cost $18,380 $17,455 $19,124 $19,002 $20,252 $19,918 $21,785 $21,527 $20,680 $21,312 $20,628 $22,452 $242,515 Consumption (m³) 6,454 6,052 6,632 6,591 7,026 6,912 7,562 7,472 7,178 7,397 7,160 7,734 84,171 Cooling Degree-Days 0 0 0 0 25 48 132 140 47 4 0 0 396 Heating Degree-Days 698 610 480 413 161 38 1 0 42 219 362 644 3,668 Unit Cost ($/m³) $2.848 $2.884 $2.884 $2.883 $2.882 $2.882 $2.881 $2.881 $2.881 $2.881 $2.881 $2.903 $2.881

Year 2017 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total Total Cost $22,854 $19,974 $22,038 $20,874 $22,317 $20,923 $21,284 $21,103 $20,646 $21,163 $20,256 $233,432 Consumption (m³) 7,708 6,675 7,364 6,974 7,458 6,991 7,110 7,049 6,898 7,070 6,766 78,063 Cooling Degree-Days 0 0 0 1 7 50 73 44 46 6 0 226 Heating Degree-Days 640 519 590 284 205 36 0 22 69 177 466 3,006 Unit Cost ($/m³) $2.965 $2.992 $2.993 $2.993 $2.992 $2.993 $2.993 $2.994 $2.993 $2.994 $2.994 $2.990



(m³) ($) (m³) ($) (m³) ($)Jan 6,251 $1,652 7,048 $1,870 (797) -$218Feb 5,062 $1,380 4,421 $1,205 641 $175Mar 5,706 $1,545 5,587 $1,513 119 $32Apr 3,177 $1,041 1,112 $357 2,065 $684May 2,442 $781 1,204 $384 1,239 $396Jun 981 $266 1,601 $429 (620) -$164Jul 736 $220 837 $249 (102) -$28Aug 947 $280 949 $280 (2) -$1Sep 1,293 $389 1,117 $336 176 $53Oct 2,236 $597 2,424 $646 (188) -$49Nov 4,592 $1,193 5,829 $1,515 (1,237) -$321Dec 6,124 $1,380 5,141 $1,157 983 $223Total 39,547 $10,724 37,271 $9,942 2,276 $782

151 Queen St. N. & 40 Oxford St.2016-2017 Gas Consumption and Cost Savings


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Gas Consumption

Actual Baseline

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$400

$600

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$1,000

$1,200

$1,400

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$1,800

$2,000


Gas Cost

Actual Baseline


151 Queen St. N. & 40 Oxford St.Gas Ledger

Year 2015 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total Total Cost $5,070 $3,417 $2,455 $1,324 $476 $264 $228 $224 $238 $654 $996 $1,171 $16,516 Consumption (m³) 19,064 12,833 9,241 6,798 2,251 1,079 809 780 915 3,092 4,833 5,758 67,452 Cooling Degree-Days 0 0 0 0 31 20 80 52 53 0 0 0 234 Heating Degree-Days 826 894 646 348 104 50 11 16 46 266 359 455 4,021 Unit Cost ($/m³) $0.266 $0.266 $0.266 $0.195 $0.211 $0.244 $0.282 $0.287 $0.260 $0.212 $0.206 $0.203 $0.245

Year 2016 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total Total Cost $1,031 $1,435 $1,343 $1,223 $452 $221 $205 $200 $205 $286 $432 $1,157 $8,189 Consumption (m³) 5,818 8,279 7,676 6,699 2,162 911 711 655 726 1,020 1,723 5,141 41,521 Cooling Degree-Days 0 0 0 0 25 48 132 140 47 4 0 0 396 Heating Degree-Days 698 610 480 413 161 38 1 0 42 219 362 644 3,668 Unit Cost ($/m³) $0.177 $0.173 $0.175 $0.183 $0.209 $0.242 $0.289 $0.305 $0.283 $0.280 $0.251 $0.225 $0.197

Year 2017 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total Total Cost $1,870 $1,205 $1,513 $357 $384 $429 $249 $280 $336 $646 $1,515 $8,785 Consumption (m³) 7,048 4,421 5,587 1,112 1,204 1,601 837 949 1,117 2,424 5,829 32,130 Cooling Degree-Days 0 0 0 1 7 50 73 44 46 6 0 226 Heating Degree-Days 640 519 590 284 205 36 0 22 69 177 466 3,006 Unit Cost ($/m³) $0.265 $0.273 $0.271 $0.321 $0.319 $0.268 $0.297 $0.295 $0.301 $0.267 $0.260 $0.273



(MWh) ($) (MWh) ($) (MWh) ($)Jan 1,000 $49,328 927 $45,742 73 $3,586Feb 876 $43,893 882 $44,201 (6) -$308Mar 977 $47,203 995 $48,087 (18) -$884Apr 814 $40,902 875 $43,942 (61) -$3,040May 592 $34,198 592 $34,198 - $0Jun 213 $21,134 213 $21,134 - $0Jul 225 $21,527 225 $21,527 - $0Aug 195 $20,503 195 $20,503 - $0Sep 192 $20,399 192 $20,399 - $0Oct 788 $41,862 740 $39,294 48 $2,568Nov 898 $44,738 897 $44,708 1 $31Dec 1,001 $38,368 1,038 $39,773 (37) -$1,406Total 7,771 $424,054 7,771 $423,507 (0) $547

151 Queen St. N. & 40 Oxford St.2016-2017 Heating Water Consumption and Cost Savings


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Actual Baseline

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Heating Water Cost

Actual Baseline


151 Queen St. N. & 40 Oxford St.Heating Water Ledger

Year 2015 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total Total Cost $37,517 $41,913 $40,813 $38,630 $36,265 $21,347 $20,050 $20,443 $5,016 $36,359 $36,608 $40,381 $375,342 Consumption (MWh) 996 963 923 844 759 219 172 187 173 762 771 907 7,676 Cooling Degree-Days 0 0 0 0 31 20 80 52 53 0 0 0 234 Heating Degree-Days 826 894 646 348 104 50 11 16 46 266 359 455 4,021 Unit Cost ($/MWh) $37.668 $43.524 $44.217 $45.770 $47.780 $97.476 $116.569 $109.319 $28.994 $47.715 $47.481 $44.522 $48.898

Year 2016 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total Total Cost $35,048 $36,943 $37,339 $36,484 $29,889 $19,721 $18,428 $17,975 $18,030 $31,414 $33,493 $39,773 $354,537 Consumption (MWh) 969 925 941 906 643 237 186 168 170 704 787 1,038 7,674 Cooling Degree-Days 0 0 0 0 25 48 132 140 47 4 0 0 396 Heating Degree-Days 698 610 480 413 161 38 1 0 42 219 362 644 3,668 Unit Cost ($/MWh) $36.169 $39.938 $39.680 $40.270 $46.483 $83.210 $99.077 $106.993 $106.059 $44.622 $42.558 $38.317 $46.200

Year 2017 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total Total Cost $45,742 $44,201 $48,087 $43,942 $34,198 $21,134 $21,527 $20,503 $20,399 $39,294 $44,708 $383,733 Consumption (MWh) 927 882 995 875 592 213 225 195 192 740 897 6,733 Cooling Degree-Days 0 0 0 1 7 50 73 44 46 6 0 226 Heating Degree-Days 640 519 590 284 205 36 0 22 69 177 466 3,006 Unit Cost ($/MWh) $49.344 $50.114 $48.328 $50.220 $57.767 $99.219 $95.674 $105.142 $106.246 $53.100 $49.841 $56.993


Appendix B - Lighting Retrofit MeasuresThe following is a summary of our observations of the existing lighting technology installed in thefacility. Existing technology is categorized by type and recommended retrofit options are presentbelow.

Existing Lighting Retrofit LightingQty. ofLamps

DemandSavings

(kW)

ConsumptionSavings(kWh)


24" T12-20W Mag. ballast

2 0.0 20124" LED Tube DLC

76 2.3 20,04348" LED Tube DLC - New Fixture

24" T8-17W Elec. ballast

2 0.0 11424" LED Tube DLC



140 4.5 24,52848" T5 LED Tube DLC


199 2.9 16,64848" LED Tube DLC


24 0.5 5,582LED-8.7W Ceiling Fixture c/w sensor

CFL-13W PL Mag. ballast

11 0.1 99948" LED Tube DLC - New Fixture

8 0.1 561LED-9.5W SI Ceiling Fixture

CFL-13W SI

1 0.0 31LED-9.5W SI

16 0.1 491LED-9.5W SI Ceiling Fixture

HPS-50W

5 0.2 1,029LED-25W Outdoor Canopy Fixture

© Finn Projects (Synchronicity Projects Inc.), All Rights Reserved.


©Finn Projects (Synchronicity Projects Inc.), All Rights Reserved Page 60

Appendix C – Major Electrical Equipment

Equipment Make/model/sizeEst. Remaning

Service Life Condition

Booster Pump System (Duplex) 2 x 10 HP 0 Poor

DHW Pump 5 HP 2 Poor

Electric DHW Tanks (4) Rheem-Ruud/12 kW total 10 Fair

Electric Heater (Common Areas) 60 kW Total Various Fair

Electric Ramp heating 48 kW 0 Poor

Elevator Motors (x3) 35 HP 5 Fair

Garage fans (x4) 0.75 HP 5 Good

Garbage Compactor 5 HP 10 Good

Lighting Various (see Appendix B) Various Poor

MUA Engineered Air/12,500 cfm/15 HP 15 Good

Primary Loop Pumps (x2) 5 HP 2 Poor

Secondary Loop Pumps (x2) 1 x 10 HP, 1 x 7.5 HP 2 Poor


©Finn Projects (Synchronicity Projects Inc.), All Rights Reserved Page 68

Disclaimer The information and opinions expressed in this report are prepared for the sole benefit of the Client named. No other party may use or rely upon the report or any portion thereof without the express written consent of Finn Projects (Synchronicity Projects Inc.). Finn Projects will consent to any reasonable request by the Client to approve the use of the report by other parties as "Approved Users". Finn Projects accept no responsibility for the accuracy of the report to persons other than the Client. This report is meant to be used in its entirety and Finn Projects gives no warranty, representation, or assurance to third parties (including “Approved Users”) that the findings, statements, opinions or conclusions expressed in the report are accurate or valid. Any use by a third party, or any reliance on or decisions to be made based on this report, is the responsibility of such third party.

The material in this report reflects our best judgement based on our visual inspection for the above property only and in the light of the information available to us at the time of preparation of the report. No physical or destructive testing has been performed. There is no guarantee of energy savings, expressed or implied. All savings estimates are based on engineering calculations and best practices. Capital costs are estimated using the current dollar value of the work and our best knowledge and are provided for budget purposes only. Accurate figures can only be obtained by completing a design and receiving quotes from contractors.

This report is not a certification of compliance with past or present regulations. There is no expressed or implied warranty or compliance with past or present regulations. This assessment does not wholly eliminate uncertainty regarding the potential for existing or future costs, hazards or losses in connection with the property.

February 9, 2018 Investment Grade Energy Audit Report

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