Q1. Discuss the features and objectives of Human resources Management?INTRODUCTION OF HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Human resource are the most valuable and unique asset of an organization. A business organization cannot achive its goals unless it has quality and efficient people to work. The scarcity of talented resource and the growing expectation of the modern day worker have further increased the complexity of the human resource function. Even though specific human resource function/activities are the responsibility of the human resource department, the actual management of human resource is the responsibility of all the manages in an organization.Meaning of HRMHuman Resource Management (HRM) can be defined as the set of programs, functions, and activities designed and performed in order to maximize both employee as well as organizational effectiveness. It is a management function that helps organization in recruiting, selecting, training, developing and managing its members. HRM is concern with the management of people in the organization from Recruitment to Retirement.DEFINITION OF HRM1. According to Flippo, “human resource management is the planning , organizing , directing and controlling of the

procurement, development, compensation, integration, maintenance, and separation of human resource to the end that individual, organizational and social objectives are accomplished.”

2. The National Institute of Personnel Management (NIPM) of India has defined human resource/personnel management as “that part of management which is concerned with people at work and with their relationship within an enterprise. Its aim is to bring together and develop into an effective organization of the men and women who make up an enterprise and having regard for the well-being of the individuals and of working groups, to enable them to make their best contribution to its success”.

3. According to decenzo and Robbins, “HRM is concerned with the people dimension in management. Since every organization is made up of people, acquiring their services, developing their skills, motivating them to higher level of performance and ensuring that they continue to maintain their commitment to the organization are essential to achieving organizational objectives. This is true, regardless of the type of organization-government, business, education, health, recreation, or social action.”

4. HRM is the function within an organization that focuses on recruitment of, management of, and providing direction for the people who work in the organization. Human Resource Management can also be performed by line managers.FEATURES OF HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENTIn short, HRM is an art of managing people at work in such a manner that they give their best to the organization for achieving its set goals. HRM is a process of making the efficient and effective use of human resources so that the set goals are achieved.

1. It is a part of management process -: Management of human resource is an integral part of the managerial process. Management at all levels and in all the department plans, develops and controls a skilled workforce to perform the managerial task. It is the responsibility of HRM to place right person at right department.

2. It is an art and a science: The art and science of HRM is indeed very complex. HRM is both the art of managing people by recourse to creative and innovative approaches; it is a science as well because personnel manager apply scientific methods of goal settings, selecting the personnel & training and development.

3. It is a continuous process: HRM is not a one-time process. It is a continuous process. It has to continuously change and adjust according to the changes in the environment, changes in the expectations of the staff, etc. HRM has to give continuous training and development to the staff due to changes in technology.

4. HRM is a service function: HRM is not a profit centre. It serves all other functional departments. But the basic responsibility always lies with the line managers. HRM is a staff function – a facilitator. The HR Manager has line authority only within his own department, but has staff authority as far as other departments are concerned.

5. It is a Universal Function -: HRM has universal application. The applicability of HRM is common to all the organization irrespective of nature & Size. Examples -: such as schools, colleges, hospital, religious organizations, etc.HRM brings people to work together to achieve group objectives.

6. Interdisciplinary and fast changing: HRM deals with welfare, manpower, personnel management, and keeps close association with employee and industrial relations. It is multi- disciplinary activity utilizing knowledge and inputs from

psychology, sociology, economics, etc. It is changing itself in accordance with the changing environment. It has travelled from exploitation of workers to treating them as equal partners in the task.

7. Focus on results: HRM is performance oriented. It has its focus on results, rather than on rules. It encourages people to give their 100%. It tries to secure the best from people by winning the whole hearted cooperation. It is a process of bringing people and organization together so that the goals of each are met. It is commitment oriented.

8. People-centred: HRM is about people at work both as individuals and a group. It tries to help employees to develop their potential fully. It comprises people-related functions like hiring, training and development, performance appraisal, working environment, etc. HRM has the responsibility of building human capital. People are vital for achieving organizational goals. Organizational performance depends on the quality of people and employees.

9. Human relations philosophy: HRM is a philosophy and the basic assumption is that employees are human beings and not a factor of production like land, labour or capital. HRM recognizes individuality and individual differences. Every manager to be successful must possess social skills to manage people with differing needs.

10. An integrated concept: HRM in its scope includes Personnel aspect, Welfare aspect and Industrial relations aspect in itself. It is also integrated as it concern with not only acquisition, but also development, utilization, and maintenance.a) Acquisition of human resources: This function includes Human Resource Planning, Recruitment, Selection, Placement and

Induction of staff.b) Development of human resources: This function includes Training and Development and Career development. The knowledge,

skills, attitudes and social behavious of the staff are developed.c) Motivation of human resources: This function includes giving recognition and rewards to the staff. it also includes Performance

Appraisal and handling the problems of staff.d) Maintenance of human resources: This function includes providing the best working conditions for employees. It also looks

after the health and safety of the staff.IMPORTANCE AND OBJECTIVES OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENTThe main purpose of human resource management is to accomplish the organizational goals. Therefore, the resources are mobilized to achieve such goals. Some importance and objectives of human resource management are as follows:1. Effective Utilization of Resources-: Human resource management ensures the effective utilization of resources. HRM

teaches how to utilize human and non-human resources so that the goals can be achieved. Organization aiming to utilize their resources efficiently invites the HR department to formulate required objectives and policies.

2. Organizational Structure-:Organizational structure defines the working relationship between employees and management. It defines and assigns the task for each employee working in the organization. The task is to be performed within the given constraints. It also defines positions, rights and duties, accountability and responsibility, and other working relationships.

3. Development of Human Resources-: Human resource management provides favorable environment for employees so that people working in: organization can work creatively. This ultimately helps them to develop their creative knowledge, ability and skill. To develop personality of employees, human resource management organizes training and development campaigns which provide an opportunity for employees to enhance their caliber to work.

4. Respect for Human Beings-: Another importance of human resource management is to provide a respectful environment for each employee. Human resource management provides with required means and facilitates employee along with an appropriate respect because the dominating tendency develops that will result organizational crisis. Hence, all of them should get proper respect at work. Human resource management focuses on developing good working relationships among workers and managers in organization. So, good human resource management system helps for respecting the employees.

5. Goal Harmony-: Human resource management bridges the gap between individual goal and organizational goal-thereby resulting into a good harmony. If goal difference occurs, the employees will not be willing to perform well. Hence, a proper match between individual goal and organizational goal should be there in order to utilize organizational resources effectively and efficiently.

6. Employee Satisfaction-: Human resource management provides a series of facilities and opportunities to employees for their career development. This leads to job satisfaction and commitment. When the employees are provided with every kind of facilities and opportunities, they will be satisfied with their work performance.

7. Employee Discipline and Moral-: Human resource management tries to promote employee discipline and moral through performance based incentives. It creates a healthy and friendly working environment through appropriate work design and assignment of jobs.

8. Organizational Productivity-: Human resource management focuses on achieving higher production and most effective utilization of available resources. This leads to an enhancement in organizational goals and objectives.