FEAR OF WARThe divisions between the USA and USSR by 1946The origins of the Truman Doctrine

Review of ‘Beginning of Cold War’

• Answer the ‘Build Better Answers’ question on page 71

• ‘Explain one effect on the relations between the USA and the Soviet Union of the Potsdam Conference. (4 marks)

• Tip – ‘For the ‘Superpower Relations’ course, questions will often ask you about relations between the USA and the USSR. It is often good to make the point ‘One effect on relations between the USA and the Soviet Union of the Potsdam Conference was they got worse/ got better.’

• Use PEE

War of words and an Iron Curtain

Which countries or cities does Churchill mention behind the iron curtain?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qAyXXepUgrE

Churchill’s Iron Curtain speech in March 1946

‘Iron Curtain’ Speech

• In what year was Churchill’s ‘Iron Curtain’ speech?• 1946

• What was the significance of Churchill’s ‘Iron Curtain’ speech?• It showed Europe had been divided between capitalism in

the west and communist in the east. It also showed that both sides were suspicious of each other

• What was Stalin’s response to the ‘Iron Curtain’ speech? See Source B on page 72.• He said that Churchill was warmongering and compared

him (and his Allies) to Hitler.

Iron Curtain

The secret telegrams…

Both Truman and Stalin wanted news of what the other side was planning…

Your task is to safely transmit a message to your leader.•Take a card and move to your Embassy to work on the secret message – you have 5 minutes to memorize the message in the telegram.•The Spies should also go to their embassy but not reveal their identity!•In the style of Chinese whispers, report back to Stalin or Truman the telegram. •Stalin and Truman must write down the message they receive. •The spies can choose to sabotage the message or not. Other players may also recognize the sabotage and correct it.•The class will then check the accuracy of their message at the end.

The Long Telegram, 1946

Report sent to Truman by Kennan, American ambassador in Moscow…

•Stalin has given a speech calling for the destruction of capitalism

•There can be no peace with the USSR while they oppose capitalism

•The USSR is building up its military power

Novikov’s telegram, 1946

Report sent to Stalin by Novikov, the Soviet ambassador to America…

•America wants to dominate the world

•Following Roosevelt's death, America is no longer interested in working with the USSR

•The American public are being prepared for war with the USSR

What was the outcome of the Long and Novikov Telegrams?

• Both governments believed that they were facing the possibility of war.

• The USSR believed war with the USA was inevitable

• Returning American soldiers were already calling Stalin ‘the new Hitler’ – they thought Stalin was preparing for war and must be stopped

Activities. Complete the following sentences on your worksheet

• The Long Telegram increased US fears of the USSR because…

• Novikov’s Telegram increased USSR’s fears of the USA because…

Exam Skills – Question c)

• Why had the wartime alliance between the USA and the Soviet Union had broken down by the end of 1946? (8 marks)

• TIPS• You must write two paragraphs and a conclusion

• Start each paragraph with ‘One (another) reason why the wartime alliance between the USA and the Soviet Union had broken down by the end of 1946 was________________’

• Use PEE for each paragraph

• Focus on the question

The Truman Doctrine

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xyoviiavusk

• By 1946 the “Grand Alliance” of the USA, USSR and Britain was over

• America and the USSR were suspicious of each other, each thought the other planned world domination!

• In early 1947 Truman made a speech saying that America must stand against communism, this “Truman Doctrine” become the unofficial declaration of the cold war.

Declaration = announcement of something official

and important, e.g.war