Fea Assignment Mpume
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8/17/2019 Fea Assignment Mpume
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SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF MECHATRONIC ENGINEERING
___________________________________________________________
NAME MPUMELELO NCUBE
STUDENT NUMBER C121372Q
LEVEL 4.2
COURSE FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS
Assign!n"# E$%&'in ()* +ini"! !&!!n" 'n'&,sis is &in-! *i"( L'g/'ng!0s
!'"i)ns '5)6i'n !'"i)ns ))-!0s &'* 'n P/'n"& S"/!ss Fn5"i)n.
8199'/-s:.
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 What is the finite eleent eth!"
T(! +ini"! !&!!n" !"() ;FEM< is ' n!/i5'& "!5(ni! +)/ s)&=ing %/)6&!s *(i5( '/! !s5/i6!
6, %'/"i'& i++!/!n"i'& !'"i)ns )/ 5'n 6! +)/&'"! 's +n5"i)n'& inii>'"i)n. A )'in )+ in"!/!s"
is /!%/!s!n"! 's 'n 'ss!6&, )+ finite elements. A%%/)$i'"ing +n5"i)ns in +ini"! !&!!n"s '/!
!"!/in! in "!/s )+ n)'& ='&!s )+ ' %(,si5'& +i!& *(i5( is s)g(". A 5)n"in)s %(,si5'& %/)6&! is "/'ns+)/! in") ' is5/!"i>! +ini"! !&!!n" %/)6&! *i"( n-n)*n n)'& ='&!s. F)/ '
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&in!'/ %/)6&! ' s,s"! )+ &in!'/ '&g!6/'i5 !'"i)ns s()& 6! s)&=!. V'&!s insi! +ini"! !&!!n"s
5'n 6! /!5)=!/! sing n)'& ='&!s.
T#! feat$%es !f the FEM a%e #!%th t! &e enti!ne" #
1. Pi!5!?*is! '%%/)$i'"i)n )+ %(,si5'& +i!&s )n +ini"! !&!!n"s %/)=i!s g)) %/!5isi)n !=!n
*i"( si%&! '%%/)$i'"ing +n5"i)ns ;in5/!'sing "(! n6!/ )+ !&!!n"s *! 5'n '5(i!=! 'n,
%/!5isi)n! %/)6&!. T(is
(!&%s ") s)&=! %/)6&!s *i"( =!/, &'/g! n6!/ )+ n)'& n-n)*ns.
1.' H!# the FEM #!%(s
T) s'/i>! in g!n!/'& "!/s ()* "(! +ini"! !&!!n" !"() *)/-s *! &is" 'in s"!%s )+ "(! +ini"!
!&!!n" s)&"i)n %/)5!/! 6!&)*.
1. Discretize the continuum. T(! +i/s" s"!% is ") i=i! ' s)&"i)n /!gi)n in") +ini"! !&!!n"s. T(!
+ini"! !&!!n" !s( is ",%i5'&&, g!n!/'"! 6, ' %/!?%/)5!ss)/ %/)g/'. T(! !s5/i%"i)n )+ !s(
5)nsis"s )+ s!=!/'& '//',s 'in )+ *(i5( '/! n)'& 5))/in'"!s 'n !&!!n" 5)nn!5"i=i",.
2. Select interpolation functions. In"!/%)&'"i)n +n5"i)ns '/! s! ") in"!/%)&'"! "(! +i!& ='/i'6&!s )=!/
"(! !&!!n". O+"!n %)&,n)i'&s '/! s!&!5"! 's in"!/%)&'"i)n +n5"i)ns. T(! !g/!! )+ "(! %)&,n)i'&
!%!ns )n "(! n6!/ )+ n)!s 'ssign! ") "(! !&!!n".
3. Find the element properties. T(! '"/i$ !'"i)n +)/ "(! +ini"! !&!!n" s()& 6! !s"'6&is(! *(i5(
/!&'"!s "(! n)'& ='&!s )+ "(! n-n)*n +n5"i)n ") )"(!/ %'/'!"!/s. F)/ "(is "'s- i++!/!n"
'%%/)'5(!s 5'n 6! s!@ "(! )s" 5)n=!ni!n" '/!# "(! ='/i'"i)n '%%/)'5( 'n "(! '&!/-in !"().
4. Assemble the element equations. T) +in "(! g&)6'& !'"i)n s,s"! +)/ "(! *()&! s)&"i)n /!gi)n
*! s" 'ss!6&! '&& "(! !&!!n" !'"i)ns. In )"(!/ *)/s *! s" 5)6in! &)5'& !&!!n" !'"i)ns
+)/ '&& !&!!n"s s! +)/ is5/!"i>'"i)n. E&!!n" 5)nn!5"i=i", is s! +)/ "(! 'ss!6&, %/)5!ss. B!+)/!
s)&"i)n 6)n'/, 5)ni"i)ns ;*(i5( '/! n)" '55)n"! in !&!!n" !'"i)ns< s()& 6! i%)s!.
. Solve the global equation system. T(! +ini"! !&!!n" g&)6'& !'"i)n s,s"! is ",%i5'&&, s%'/s!s,!"/i5 'n %)si"i=! !+ini"!. Di/!5" 'n i"!/'"i=! !"()s 5'n 6! s! +)/ s)&"i)n. T(! n)'&
='&!s )+ "(! s)g(" +n5"i)n '/! %/)5! 's ' /!s&" )+ "(! s)&"i)n.
. Compute additional results. In 'n, 5's!s *! n!! ") 5'&5&'"! 'i"i)n'& %'/'!"!/s. F)/
!$'%&! in !5('ni5'& %/)6&!s s"/'ins 'n s"/!ss!s '/! )+ in"!/!s" in 'i"i)n ") is%&'5!!n"s
*(i5( '/! )6"'in! '+"!/ s)&"i)n )+ "(! g&)6'& !'"i)n s,s"!.
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' LAGRANGE E)UATIONS
'.1 Definiti!n
L T V ;in!"i5 P)"!n"i'& !n!/gi!s<
La*%an*e e+$ati!ns
Us! i+ ' 6), n!/g)!s
'. &'/g! is%&'5!!n"s
6. &'/g! /)"'"i)ns
5. &'/g! s"/'ins
As ' /!s&" "(! 6), is 5)nsi!/! s6G!5"! ") '/6i"/'/, &'/g! )"i)ns
'.' La*%an*e the!%,
L'g/'ng! in"!/%)&'"i)n ' ='/i!", )+ +ini"! !&!!n" +'i&i!s ('s 6!!n %/)%)s! +)/ 2D 'n 3D
!&!!n"s i.!. +)/ s'/!s 'n 56)is. F)/ !$'%&! "(!/! is "(! /!g&'/ L'g/'ng! +'i&, '55)/ing ")
A/g,/is !" '&.*i"( n)!s /!g&'/&, s%'5! !=!/,*(!/! )n "(! g/i 'n "(! i?!g! L'g/'ng! +'i&,
)+ T',&)/ 'n )"(!/s. 5)%)s! )+ )n&, =!/"!$?",%! 'n si! ;)/ i?!g!< n)!s. H! n)"! "('" "(!
"/i'& +n5"i)n s%'5!s )+ "(!i/ '&& !6!/s '/! +&&, -n)*n.
F)/ si%&!$ +ini"! !&!!n"s )n "(! )"(!/ ('n )n&, "(! 5)%&!"! L'g/'ng! +'i&, *i"( /!g&'/&,
%&'5! n)!s is +&&, /!5)gni>!. )*!=!/ i" ('s 6!!n sgg!s"! "('" "(!/! ', !$is" "(! i?!g!
L'g/'ng! +'i&, +)/ ' si%&!$ 5)%)s! )+ )n&, =!/"i5!s 'n '/6i"/'/i&, %&'5! si! n)!s. In
'i"i)n /'"(!/ g!n!/'& +ini"! !&!!n"s ('=! '&s) 6!!n %/!s!n"! in "(! ''%"i=! +ini"! !&!!n"
%/)5!/!s "i&i>ing n)" "(! 5)n=!n"i)n'& in"!/%)&'"i)n 6's!s 6" "(! %!5&i'/ i$! 6's!s *i"( 6)"(
n)'& 'n n)! &!ss 6'sis +n5"i)ns. I" s!!s "('" %)"!n"i'& !$is"s ") !=!&)% '" &!'s" 's 'n, +'i&i!s
+)/ L'g/'ng! in"!/%)&'"i)ns )=!/ si%&!$ +ini"! !&!!n"s si%&!$!s 's ('=! '&/!', 6!!n +)n +)/
56!s. In )/!/ ") 5&'/i+, s5( g!n!/'& si%&!$ +'i&i!s i" is /!i/! "('" "(! in"!/%)&'"i)n !&!!n"
)&)g, 6! /!5)ns"/5"! in ' ni+i! 'nn!/. T(! n'"i=! si%&!$ in"!/%)&'"i)ns '/! "(s !'si&, 'n
s,s"!'"i5'&&, '%%&i5'6&! '&s) ") +/'5"/! !5('ni5s *i"( )n&, in)/ )i+i5'"i)n )+ "(! '5)6i'n
"/'ns+)/'"i)n /)"in!.
'.- Ali/a&ilit, t! FEA
F)/ 5)ns!/='"i=! s,s"!s
R!s&"s in "(! i++!/!n"i'& !'"i)ns "('" !s5/i6! "(! !'"i)ns )+ )"i)n )+ "(! s,s"!
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!, %)in"s#
i< N!*")n '%%/)'5( /!i/!s "('" ,) +in '55!&!/'"i)ns in '&& 3 i/!5"i)ns !'"! F'
s)&=! +)/ "(! 5)ns"/'in" +)/5!s 'n "(!n !&iin'"! "(!s! ") /!5! "(! %/)6&! ")
5('/'5"!/is"i5 si>!J
ii< L'g/'ngi'n '%%/)'5( !n'6&!s s ") i!i'"!&, /!5! "(! %/)6&! ") "(is 5('/'5"!/is"i5
si>!J. H! )n&, ('=! ") s)&=! +)/ "('" 'n, !'"i)ns in "(! +i/s" %&'5!.
T(! !'s! )+ ('n&ing !$"!/n'& 5)ns"/'in"s /!'&&, i++!/!n"i'"!s "(! "*) '%%/)'5(!s.
An E$'%&!
S%/ing 'ss s,s"!
L'g/'ngi'n L T V
L'g/'ng!0s E'"i)n
D) "(! !/i='"i=!s
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P" i" '&& ")g!"(!/
C)nsi!/ "(! MR %/)6&! *i"( "(! 'ss )s5i&&'"ing 6!"*!!n "(! "*) s%/ings. On&, 1 !g/!! )+
+/!!) )+ in"!/!s" (!/! s) "'-! iR
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- 0ACOIAN
-.1 0a/!&ian the!%,
In "(! Fini"! E&!!n" M!"() 'n !&!!n"Ks '5)6i'n M'"/i$ /!&'"!s "(! 'n"i"i!s */)"! in "(! n'"/'&
5))/in'"! s%'5! 'n "(! /!'& s%'5!. T(! 6igg!/ "(! !&!!n" is is")/"! in 5)%'/is)n *i"( ' i!'&
s('%! !&!!n" "(! *)/s! *i&& 6! "(! "/'ns+)/'"i)n )+ "(! 'n"i"i!s +/) "(! n'"/'& s%'5! ") "(! /!'&
s%'5!. In +'5" i" !'ns "('" "(! is")/"i)n )n "(! !&!!n" s('%! *i&& in"/)5! !//)/ in "(!
'"(!'"i5'& "/'s+)/'"i)n +/) n'"/'& s%'5! ") "(! /!'& s%'5!.
I" is i%)/"'n" ") !n"i)n "('" "(! "*) !+ini"i)ns %/)%)s! (!/! /!s" %)n "(! '5)6i'n '"/i$ )+ "(!
'%%ing +n5"i)n F /!&'"ing "(! %'/!n" )/ /!+!/!n5! !&!!n" +/'! ") i"s '5"'& 5))/in'"!s *i"(in "(!
!s(. In "(! /!'in!/ )+ "(! '/"i5&! "(is '"/i$ is !n)"! 's . N)"! "('" )"(!/ g!)!"/i5'& +n5"i)ns5'n 6! s! ") !+in! "(! '&i", )+ 'n !&!!n".
-.' Ali/a&ilit, t! FEA
As !n"i)n! 6, "(! !+ini"i)n "(! FEM 5)%"!s +)/ !'5( n)! )+ "(! n!/&,ing !s( 'n
'%%/)$i'"! s)&"i)n ") "(! s,s"! )+ PDEs !s5/i6ing "(! %(,si5'& %(!n)!n)n n!/ s",. F)/
"(is %/%)s! ' %!/+!5" !&!!n" is !+in! in ' /!+!/!n5! %'/!n" s,s"! ; ξ1 , ξ2 , ξ3¿
*(!/! !'5(
/!+!/!n5! !&!!n" %)in" is /!&'"! ") i"s '5"'& 5)n"!/%'/" *i"(in "(! !&!!n" in "(! )!&! )'in
/!+!/!n"i'& ( x1 , x2 , x 3) "(/)g( "(! '%%ing F 's s()*n in Fig. 2. T(! '5)6i'n '"/i$ )+
'%%ing F 5)nsi!/! '" %'/!n" +/'!ξ
%)in" is !+in! 's#
J (ξ )=∂ F
∂ ξ (ξ )
T(! FE 'n'&,sis 5'n 6! 5'//i! )" )n ' !s( 's &)ng 's "(! '%%ing F 5)nsi!/! +)/ !'5( !s(
!&!!n" /!'ins ' )n!"))n! '%%&i5'"i)n. T(is %/)%!/", 5'n 6! 'ss!ss! 6, 5)nsi!/ing "(!
!"!/in'n" )+ '5)6i'n '"/i$ )+ F¿J ( ξ )∨,
'" ' n6!/ )+ !&!!n" 5)n"/)& %)in"sJ s5( 's "(!
!&!!n" n)!s )/ 'ssi'n '/'"/! ;in"!g/'"i)n< %)in"s +)/ '&& "(! !&!!n"s +)/ing "(! !s(.
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Fig/! 2# T(! /!+!/!n5!")'5"'& +/'! '%%ing +/) *(i5( "(! '5)6i'n '"/i$
M!s( /!&'$'"i)n '&s) /!&i!s )n "(! i"!/'"i=! 5)%"'"i)n )+ "(! '5)6i'n '"/i$ )+ "(! '%%ing
6!"*!!n "(! !&!!n" %'/!n" ;)/ /!+!/!n5!< 5))/in'"!s s,s"! (ξ1 , ξ2 , ξ3) 'n "(! '5"'&
!&!!n" 5))/in'"!s ( x1 , x2 , x 3 ) 's s()*n )n Fig/! 2. T(! '5)6i'n '"/i$ is 5)%"! '" '
n6!/ )+ 5)n"/)& %)in"sJ *(i5( 5'n 6! !i"(!/ !s( n)!s )/ !&!!n" in"!g/'"i)n %)in"s. L!"
(ξ)=(ξ1 , ξ2 , ξ3,)be 'n !&!!n" %)in" in %'/!n" 5))/in'"!s 'n x=( x 1 , x 2, x3) "(! s'!
%)in" in '5"'& !&!!n" 5))/in'"!s.
x (ξ) := F (ξ )=∑n=1
N
∅n(ξ) xn
H(!/! N is "(! n6!/ )+ n)!s )+ "(! 5)nsi!/! !&!!n" 'n
x1n, x2
n, x3
n
xn=¿¿
< '/! "(! 5))/in'"!s )+
"(! nth
!&!!n" n)!. T(! '5)6i'n '"/i$ is !+in! '" %'/!n" +/'! %)in" ξ 's#
J (ξ ) := ∂ F ∂ ξ
(ξ )=(J 11
J 12
J 13
J 21
J 22
J 23
J 31
J 32
J 33
)H(!/!
J ij=(∂ x i /∂ ξ j)ξ
Fin'&&, "(! '5)6i'n '"/i$ )+ '%%ing F 5)%"! '" %)in"ξ
is 'ss!6&! sing "(!3・ N
%/!5)%"! s('%! +n5"i)n !/i='"i=!s P jn
's +)&&)*s#
J (ξ )=¿ (∂ x i /∂ξ j)ξ
0a/!&ian e+$ati!ns
A+"!/ '%%ing is %!/+)/! +)/ "(! 5))/in'"!s *! 5'n n)* !='&'"! "(! s"/'in '"/i$. T) ) "(is i"
is n!5!ss'/, ") !$%/!ss "(! i++!/!n"i'&s in "!/s )+ "(! n'"/'& 5))/in'"!s sin5! "(! /!&'"i)ns(i%
6!"*!!n "(! $ 'n , 5))/in'"!s 'n "(! n'"/'& 5))/in'"!s is n) &)ng!/ 's s"/'ig("+)/*'/ 's in "(!5's! +)/ /!5"'ng&'/ !&!!n"s. U"i&i>ing "(! 5('in /&! in '%%&i5'"i)n ") %'/"i'& i++!/!n"i'"i)n *! ('=!
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∂ N i
∂ ξ =
∂ x i
∂ ξ j
T(! 6'si5 '5)6i !"() ('s 6!!n !=!&)%! )=!/ ' 5!n"/, 'g) +)/ "(! s)&"i)n )+ s"'n'/ Eig!n
%/)6&!s. A 'G)/ '='n"'g! )+ "(! %/)5!/! is i"s si%&i5i", 'n s"'6i&i",.
2 HOO3E4S LAW
2.1 Definiti!n
I" s"'"!s "('" *i"(in "(! &ii" )+ %/)%)/"i)n'&i", +)/5! '%%&i! is i/!5"&, %/)%)/"i)n'& ")
!$"!nsi)n.
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2.' Ali/a&ilit, t! FEA
A 5)%&!"! !s5/i%"i)n )+ "(! g!n!/'& s"'"! )+ s"/!ss '" ' %)in" 5)nsis"s )+#
n)/'& s"/!ss!s in "(/!! i/!5"i)ns σ$ ;)/ σ11 ;)/ σ31 ...
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• n)/'& s"/!ss!s in "(/!! i/!5"i)ns σ$ ;)/ σ11 ;)/ σ31
...
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[ ] i/!5"i)ns "(! s"/'in '&)ng !'5( '$is
5'n 6! */i""!n 's#
( )[ ] x z y y v
E σ σ σ ε +−=
1
( )[ ] z y x x v E σ σ σ ε +−=1
( )[ ] y x z z
v E
σ σ σ ε +−=1
T(! s(!'/ing s"/!ss!s '5"ing )n "(! ni" 56! %/)5! s(!'/ing s"/'ins.
xy xy γ τ =
yz yz
γ τ =
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xz xz γ τ =
T(! %/)%)/"i)n'&i", 5)ns"'n" is "(! )&s )+ !&'s"i5i", in s(!'/ )/ "(! )&s )+ /igii",. V'&!s
)+ '/! s'&&, !"!/in! +/) ' ")/si)n "!s".
8 PRANDTL STRESS FUNCTION
8.1 P%an"tl st%ess f$n/ti!n the!%,
T(! P/'n"& s"/!ss +n5"i)n is ' s%!5i'& 5's! )+ "(! M)/!/' s"/!ss +n5"i)ns 'n i" is s!+&
*(!n ")/si)n is %/!s!n".
P%an"lt St%ess state /!n"iti!ns
L!"0s "'-! 'n !$'%&! )+ ' /) *i"( ' 5)ns"'n" 5/)ss?s!5"i)n. I"s '$is &i!s )n "(! >?'$is. H!
5'n '%%&, ' ")/si)n T ") 6)"( i"s si!s. T(is ")/si)n T is s'i ") 6! %)si"i=! *(!n i" is i/!5"!
5)n"!/5&)5-*is! '6)" "(! >?'$is ;'55)/ing ") "(! /ig("?('n /&!!/). H! )n&, ('=!
"*) n)n?>!/) s"/!ss!s &!+" 6!ing τzy∧τzx .
8.' P%an"tl st%ess f$n/ti!n ali/a&ilit, t! FEA
In S'in" V!n'n"0s "(!)/, )+ ")/si)n +)/ n)n?5i/5&'/ s!5"i)ns "(! is%&'5!!n"s '/! gi=!n 6,
uz y; x<
uy z ; x< ;1
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*(i5( s',s "('" s" 6! ' 5)ns"'n" )n "(! 6)n'/,. F)/ ' 5/)ss?s!5"i)n *i"( n) ()&!s *!
5'n "'-! "(! 5)ns"'n" ") 6! >!/) in g!n!/'&.
T) +in "(! ")/! T in "!/s )+ "(! s"/!ss +n5"i)n *! s"'/" +/) "(! /!&'"i)n 6!"*!!n "(!
")/! 'n s"/!ss!s 'n */i"! "('" /!&'"i)n in "!/s )+ "(! s"/!ss +n5"i)n
*(!/! "(! in"!g/'& )=!/ "(! 6)n'/, C ='nis(!s 6!5's! 9 . T(s "(! ")/! T is Gs""*i5! "(! '/!' n!/ "(! ;, >< s/+'5!. I" 5'n 6! s()*n "('" )n "(! 6)n'/, C "(! ")"'&
s(!'/ s"/!ss "'-!s )n "(! &'/g!s" ='&! 'n,*(!/! in "(! 5/)ss s!5"i)n. Sin5! '" "(! 6)n'/,
"(is ")"'& s(!'/ s"/!ss s" 6! "'ng!n" ") "(! 6)n'/,
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H! ('=!
s) "(is '$i ")"'& s(!'/ s"/!ss is Gs" "(! n!g'"i=! )+ "(! &'/g!s" s&)%! )+ "(! ;, ><
s/+'5! '" "(! 6)n'/,. H! 5'n '-! "(!s! /!s&"s '%%!'/ sii&'/ ") "(! +'i&i'/ +)/&'s +)/
"(! ")/si)n )+ ' 5i/5&'/ 5/)ss s!5"i)n i+ *! !+in! ' )i+i! s"/!ss +n5"i)n
*(!/!
∇2 2 in "(! 5/)ss s!5"i)n
9 )n "(! 6)n'/,
I+ *! &!" T !++ "(!n
'n +)/ "(! '$i s(!'/ing s"/!ss *! ('=!
T(! %/'n"& s"/!ss +n5"i)n !'&s *i"( "(! 'n'&,sis )+ ")/si)n )+ n)n?5i/5&'/ s!5"i)ns. I" 5'n 6! '%%&i!
") +in "(! ")/si)n )+ "(!s! s!5"i)ns. F)/ "(! ")/si)n )+ n)n?5i/5&'/ +)/5!s is%&'5!!n"s '/! gi=!n 6,#
u z= y ∅( x) E'"i)n 81:
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I" i%&i!s "('"
G( ∂2
u x
∂ z ∂ y ) −( ∂2ϕ /∂ y ) ? Gϕ ' !'"i)n 811:
G( ∂2
u x
∂ y ∂ z ) −( ∂2ϕ /∂ z ) Gϕ ' !'"i)n 812:
)*!=!/ "(!s! !n)in'"i)ns )+ "(! is%&'5!!n"u x s" 6! !'& i+ *! '/! ") 6! '6&! ") +in
"(! s"/'ins ") +in is%&'5!!n". T(is 5)%'"i6i&i", 5)ni"i)n /!i/!s "('" "(! P/'n"& s"/!ss +n5"i)n
s'"is+,
∂2ϕ
∂ y2
∂2ϕ
∂ z2 ?2
Gϕ ' !'"i)n 813:
H! -n)* "('" '" "(! !n )+ "(! 6'/ *! ('=! n) '%%&i!
T x(n)=σ xy n y σ xz n z 9 !'"i)n 814:
, 'n > '/! i!n"i5'& s) "('" "(! !'"i)n in "!/s )+ "(! P/'n"& s"/!ss +n5"i)n 6!5)!s
(∂ϕ /∂ z)n y ? ( ∂ϕ∂ z )n z=0 E'"i)n 81:
T(! !'"i)n i%&i!s "('"
∂ϕ
∂ z ∂ z
∂ s +
∂ϕ
∂ y ∂ y
∂ zs =0 E'"i)n 81:
H(i5( s"'"!s "('"ϕ
s" 6! ' 5)ns"'n" )n "(! 6)n'/,. T) +in "(! ")/! in "!/s )+ "(!
P/'n"& s"/!ss +n5"i)n *! s"'/" +/) "(! /!&'"i)ns(i% 6!"*!!n "(! ")/! 'n s"/!ss!s.
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8/17/2019 Fea Assignment Mpume
19/22
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8/17/2019 Fea Assignment Mpume
20/22
G$i"e" &, O&se%9ati!ns f%! Me/hani/s !f Mate%ials
• %/)G!5"i)n )+ !'5( s!5"i)n )n x!y?%&'n! /)"'"!s 's /igi?6), '6)" 5!n"/'& '$is
• ')n" )+ %/)G!5"! s!5"i)n /)"'"i)n is &in!'/ +n5"i)n )+ '$i'& 5))/in'"!
• %&'n! 5/)ss?s!5"i)ns *i&& n)" /!'in %&'n! '+"!/ !+)/'"i)n "(s &!'ing ") ' *'/%ing
is%&'5!!n"
St%ess F$n/ti!n F!%$lati!n
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8/17/2019 Fea Assignment Mpume
21/22
Ei&i6/i E'"i)ns
C)%'"i6i&i", R!&'"i)n
P%an"tl St%ess F$n/ti!n : ; 5
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8/17/2019 Fea Assignment Mpume
22/22
1. A. H!ins"!in 0T(! 5!n"!/ )+ s(!'/ 'n "(! 5!n"!/ )+ "*is"0 Q'/". )+ A%%&. M'"(. ;1