FDIC Insured
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#12 In My Computer FDIC Insured Michael Mandiberg
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Starting in 2008, Mandiberg methodically downloaded the logos of the many banks that failed during the Great Recession, and were taken over by the United States Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). During this process, these corporate visual identities were erased from the web. Except that every Saturday morning the artist downloaded the logos, preserving an otherwise lost history. Since then, more than 500 bank logos were saved on his computer as low resolution images, which he carefully recreated as vector files. Michael Mandiberg is an interdisciplinary artist, scholar, and educator. His work traces the lines of political and symbolic power online, working on the Internet in order to comment on and or intercede in the real and poetic flows of information. He lives in, and rides his bicycle around, Brooklyn. His work lives at Mandiberg.com.
Transcript of FDIC Insured
#12In My Computer
FDIC InsuredMichael Mandiberg
Michael MandibergFDIC Insured
Publisher: LINK Editions, Brescia 2016www.linkartcenter.eu
Produced in the frame of Masters&Servers
In collaboration with: Abandon Normal Devices, Liverpool
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission.This publication reflects the views only of the author, and the Commissioncannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of theinformation contained therein.
Produced with funding and support from Eyebeam, and the College of Staten Island/CUNY. Production assistance for FDIC Insured book, web archive, and installation from Jenna Cozzoli-no, Patrick Davison, Katya Grokhovsky, Anna Harsanyi, Clara Jo, Kubo, Ben Lerchin, Qimei Luo, Chigozie Okoye, Arsen Perisic, Taehee Whang and Christopher Willauer
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 171 Second Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, California, 94105, USA.
Printed and distributed by: Lulu.comwww.lulu.com
ISBN 978-1-326-65189-3
Michael Mandiberg is an interdisciplinary artist whose work traces the lines of political and symbolic power online, working on the Internet in order to comment on and or intercede in the real and poetic flows of information. He sold all of his possessions online on Shop Mandiberg, made perfect copies of copies on AfterSherrieLevine.com, created Firefox plugins that highlight the real environmental costs of a global economy on TheRealCosts.com, and transformed all of Wikipedia into books for Print Wikipedia. He is co-author of Digital Foundations and Collaborative Futures, as well as the editor of The Social Media Reader. He founded the New York Arts Practicum, and co-founded the Art+Feminism Wikipedia Editathon. A recipient of residencies and commissions from Eyebeam, Rhizome.org, The Banff Centre, and Turbulence.org, his work has been exhibited at the New Museum, Ars Electronica, ZKM, and Transmediale. His work has been written about widely, including Artforum, Art in America, ARTnews, The New York Times, and The Wall Street Journal. A former Senior Fellow at Eyebeam, he is currently Associate Professor at the College of Staten Island/CUNY and a member of the Doctoral Faculty at the CUNY Graduate Center. He lives in, and rides his bicycle around, Brooklyn. His work lives at http://mandiberg.com/
Editor’s Note
In 1933, in response to the thousands of bank failures that occurred in the 1920s and early 1930s, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corpo-ration (FDIC) was founded as an independent agency of the federal government of the United States. The FDIC “preserves and promotes public confidence in the U.S. financial system by insuring deposits in banks and thrift institutions for at least $250,000; by identifying, monitoring and addressing risks to the deposit insurance funds; and by limiting the effect on the economy and the financial system when a bank or thrift institution fails.” [1]
A result of the Great Depression, the FDIC served as a fundamental yet primarily invisible helping hand during the Great Recession, the period of general economic decline experienced by the world markets in the late 2000s, and caused by the financial crisis and the subprime mortgage crisis started at the end of 2007. The first major bank to go bankrupt was, in July 2008, the Southern California-based IndyMac Bank. In the following months, 24 more banks became insolvent and were taken over by the FDIC by the end of 2008. According to the FDIC statistics, 140 institutions failed during 2009; 157 during 2010; 92 during 2011; 51 during 2012; 24 during 2013; 18 during 2014 and 8 during 2015 - a number within the average in times of stable economy. [2] As of March 2013, the FDIC had to pay out $92.5 billion to cover losses on bad loans at 471 failed financial institutions. [3]
Starting in 2008, Brooklyn-based artist Michael Mandiberg has been following this ongoing process, monitoring the weekly updates to the FDIC Failed Bank List, [4] and saving on his hard drive the logos of 500+ banks that have been seized by the FDIC. This information is, of course, transparent, but in a slightly opaque way. The FDIC publi-shes statistics and, digging through reports, press releases, economic
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news and Wikipedia entries, one could probably recover it someway. And yet, availability of information does not necessarily mean tran-sparency. As Mandiberg noticed, the process of taking over a bank takes place silently, quickly, over a weekend, and ends up in the almost complete disappearance of its corporate image. But if a tree falls in a forest and no one is around to hear it, does it make a sound?
The process goes like this: “At the end of business on Friday the team from the FDIC descends on the failed bank. The team performs a massive autopsy of the bank. On the one hand, the FDIC team ensure continuity by accounting for all funds and moving all accounts so that the bank can open on Monday morning. On the other hand, this team cuts all links to the past, removing all visual traces of the old failed bank. When the bank opens on Monday, it opens under the name of a formal rival bank, with this new bank’s signage, and its logo.” [5]
FDIC Insured is a project consisting of an installation, an online archive, and a book. The installation, first presented in 2010, featu-res cast-off investment guidebooks, the logos of the failed banks bur-ned with a laser cutter into their covers. The online archive and the book make all the logos available. The overall project is a monumental attempt to collect, preserve, restore and display the corporate visual identity of these ephemeral, volatile subjects, and to build a memorial to this history of failure, and its consequences: hundreds of failed insti-tutions, huge amounts of lost money, and thousands of people without a job.
As such, FDIC Insured is, at first, an effort to bring to full visibility what is hidden: an attempt to visualize the Great Recession, to make this story not just visible, but also tangible and palpable. 527 is just a number, but an installation of 527 books, or a book with 527 pa-ges, is something we can measure, and that gives the feeling of what
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went lost. This effort to visualize becomes more meaningful, and more ethically valuable, if we consider that what was concealed, along this “transparent” process, was exactly the visual representation of the di-sappeared subjects, what makes them immediately recognizable: their logo. When a bank fails, Mandiberg notes, its “website is taken down, and replaced with a standardized page announcing the FDIC transfer; this page has only the isolated logo of the old failed bank and the logo of the new receiving bank. The longest this page stays up for 6 to 9 months before the domain registration runs out and a cyber-squatter squats the URL, but typically they are gone in a month. In fact, it is common to see the receiving bank insert meddling/malicious java-script into the site that automatically sends you to the new receiving bank’s website, circumventing the FDIC notice page, and further era-sing the old logo. These logos disappear from our memory, they disap-pear from the clutter of the visual landscape, they are erased from the Internet and its many archives.” [6]
Bank logos disappear not just in order to make the transition se-amless and the intervention of the state less visible, but also because, according to Mandiberg, as trans-cultural markers of omnipresent and omnipotent trust and stability, they can’t be, by any means, associated with failure. Their failure would mean the failure of the liberal capi-talistic system they visualize and embody. They have to be hidden, as well as, for the very same reasons, the activity of the FDIC should be as invisible as possible. In the free market ideology, the state should leave the market free to regulate itself, such that any state intervention is perceived as an attempt to control and set a limit to freedom. In this perspective, an institution that was founded to save the financial system when it is collapsing onto itself is seen as a necessary evil, that should be preserved, but kept unseen. By putting the FDIC un-der a spotlight, and saving and restoring these icons of failure, FDIC Insured questions late capitalism and offers a small act of resistance
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against its ability to resurrect from its own ashes.
Finally, the carefulness and craft with which Mandiberg redrew and restored the bank logos, from the original low res jpgs, gifs and pngs to print ready vector graphics, comments on the impermanence of the digital, and on the need to focus on its preservation and materializa-tion, in whatever form. The history of the present is stored in bits, and may easily be lost.
_ Domenico QuarantaBrescia, May 2016
Notes
[1] Cf. “Who is the FDIC?”, https://www.fdic.gov/about/learn/symbol/.[2] Cf. https://www.fdic.gov/bank/statistical/stats/2015dec/fdic.pdf. [3] Cf. E. Scott Reckard, “In major policy shift, scores of FDIC settlements go unan- nounced”, in Los Angeles Times, March 11, 2013, online at http://articles.latimes. com/2013/mar/11/business/la-fi-fdic-settlements-20130311.[4] Cf. https://www.fdic.gov/bank/individual/failed/banklist.html.[5] Michael Mandiberg, “Artist statement”, unpublished.[6] Ibidem.
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February 2, 2007
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September 28, 2007
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October 4, 2007
Miami Valley BankMiami Valley Bank
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January 25, 2008
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March 7, 2008
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May 9, 2008
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May 30, 2008
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July 11, 2008
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st1HERITAGE BANK
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July 25, 2008
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August 1, 2008
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August 22, 2008
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INTEGRITY BANK
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September 5, 2008
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it’s all about relationships
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October 10, 2008
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October 10, 2008
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October 24, 2008
October 31, 2008
November 7, 2008
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November 7, 2008
SECURITY PACIFIC BANK
November 21, 2008
Community Bank
28-29
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November 21, 2008
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November 21, 2008
DOWNEY SAVINGSThe Friendlier, Easier Place to Bank
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December 5, 2008
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December 12, 2008
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December 12, 2008
HAVENTRUSTBANKFLORIDA
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January 16, 2009
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January 16, 2009
BANKClark County
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January 23, 2009
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January 30, 2009
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January 30, 2009
SAVINGS BANK
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January 30, 2009
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February 6, 2009
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February 6, 2009
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February 13, 2009
of Oregon
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February 27, 2009
SECURITYS A V I N G S B A N K
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March 6, 2009
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March 20, 2009
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March 20, 2009
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March 27, 2009
OmniSM
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April 10, 2009
NEW FRONTIER BANK˝A NEW GENERATION OF BANKING˝
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April 10, 2009
We Grow Together
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April 17, 2009
Great Basin Bank of Nevada
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April 17, 2009
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April 24, 2009
F IRST BA N K IDAHOof
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April 24, 2009
FIRST BANK OF BEVERLY HILLS
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April 24, 2009
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April 24, 2009
American SouthernB A N K
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May 1, 2009
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May 1, 2009
SILVERTONBANK
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May 8, 2009
WESTSOUND BANK
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BANK OFLINCOLNWOOD
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CB
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B A N K
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FirstBankAmericano
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First State Bank of Altus
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August 7, 2009
1
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August 14, 2009
O F N E V A D ACOMMUNITY BANK
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O F A R I Z O N ACOMMUNITY BANK
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BANK
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August 28, 2009
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August 28, 2009
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August 28, 2009
Mainstreet Bank
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September 4, 2009
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September 4, 2009
First Bank
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September 4, 2009
It’s that simple.
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Pt
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September 11, 2009
BANK
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September 18, 2009
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WARREN BANK
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October 16, 2009
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October 30, 2009
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October 30, 2009
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October 30, 2009
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October 30, 2009
November 6, 2009
HOME FEDERAL SAVINGS BANK
November 6, 2009
OF S . L O UI ST
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November 6, 2009
November 6, 2009
152-153
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November 6, 2009
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November 13, 2009
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December 18, 2009
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coMME R cIA L AB N K
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SUN N NAMERICA BA K
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May 14, 2010
THE BANK WHERE YOU BELONG
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May 28, 2010
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First National Bank
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June 11, 2010
WASHINGTON FIRSTINTERNATIONAL BANK
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June 18, 2010
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June 25, 2010
FirstNationalBank
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June 25, 2010
HIGH DESERTSTATE BANK
June 25, 2010
PENINSULABANK
July 9, 2010
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July 9, 2010
I d e a l F e d e r a l S a v i n g s B a n k s
July 9, 2010
HomeNational Bank
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July 9, 2010
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July 16, 2010
METROBANK
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July 16, 2010
TURNBERRY BANK
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July 16, 2010
FIRST NATIONAL®BANK OF THE SOUTH
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July 16, 2010
OODLANDS BANK
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July 23, 2010
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July 23, 2010
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July 23, 2010
B A N K
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July 23, 2010
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July 23, 2010
Thunder Bank
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July 23, 2010
e ust ant o e our ank.W J W T B Y BW D W T B T L B
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July 23, 2010
SterlingB A N K
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July 30, 2010
LibertyBankTM
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July 30, 2010
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July 30, 2010
BAYSIDESAVINGS BANK
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July 30, 2010
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July 30, 2010
ORTHWESTB A N K & T R U S T
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August 6, 2010
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August 13, 2010
Dedicated to Personal Service. . .
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August 20, 2010
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August 20, 2010
National Bank
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August 20, 2010
SONOMAVALLEYBANK
August 20, 2010
August 20, 2010
Let’s change the world.
288-289
August 20, 2010
August 20, 2010
Savings & Loan Association
290-291
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August 20, 2010
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September 10, 2010
B A N K
September 17, 2010
SAVINGS BANK
September 17, 2010
288-289
September 17, 2010
InterSTATE NET BANK
September 17, 2010
BankEllijay
BankCantonA divisions of Bank of Ellijay
290-291
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September 17, 2010
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September 17, 2010
STCOMMUNITY BANK
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September 24, 2010
countybank
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September 24, 2010
Florida
302
October 1, 2010
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October 1, 2010
ShorelineBANK
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October 15, 2010
305
October 15, 2010
SecuritySavings
SolidGround
Bank
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October 15, 2010
Member of FCIC
307
October 22, 2010
FIRST SUBURBANNATIONAL BANK
Est. 1943
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October 22, 2010
A Federal Savings Bank
309
October 22, 2010
310
October 22, 2010
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October 22, 2010
THE
“TOMORROW BANKING TODAY”
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October 22, 2010
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October 22, 2010
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November 5, 2010
first vietnamese american bank
315
November 5, 2010
PierceCommercial
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November 5, 2010
The art of business banking.
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November 5, 2010
K ANKB
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November 12, 2010
COPPERBANK
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November 12, 2010
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November 12, 2010
B A N K I N G
321
November 19, 2010
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November 19, 2010
Gulf State
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December 10, 2010
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December 10, 2010
BANK
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December 17, 2010
B A N K
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December 17, 2010
BANK
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December 17, 2010
COMMUNITYNATIONAL BANK
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December 17, 2010
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December 17, 2010
331
December 17, 2010
THE BANK OF MIAMITM
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January 7, 2011
LegacyB A N K
The Private Bank
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January 7, 2011
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January 14, 2011
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January 21, 2011
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January 21, 2011
337
January 21, 2011
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January 21, 2011
BANK
UNITEDR
ESTERN
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January 28, 2011
1
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January 28, 2011
FDIC
341
January 28, 2011
342
January 28, 2011
Financial Solutions
343
February 4, 2011
February 4, 2011
CommunityFirstBANK CHICAGO
February 4, 2011
Amer canTM
344-345
February 11, 2011
February 11, 2011
BADGER STATE BANK
346-347
348
February 11, 2011
349
February 11, 2011
350
February 18, 2011
aBOf E�ngham
351
February 18, 2011
February 18, 2011
February 18, 2011
Member FDIC
352-353
February 25, 2011
March 11, 2011
354-355
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March 11, 2011
FIRST NATIONALBANK OF DAVIS
357
March 25, 2011
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April 8, 2011
359
April 8, 2011
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April 15, 2011
361
April 15, 2011
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April 15, 2011
RosemountNational Bank
363
April 15, 2011
364
April 15, 2011
BANK
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April 15, 2011
or o s knaBne
H
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April 29, 2011
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April 29, 2011
COMMUNITY BANK
368
April 29, 2011
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April 29, 2011
BANK OF CENTRAL FLORIDA
370
April 29, 2011
371
May 6, 2011
Coastal Bank
372
May 20, 2011
373
May 20, 2011
374
May 20, 2011
375
May 27, 2011
First Heritage Bank
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June 3, 2011
377
June 17, 2011
378
June 17, 2011
FCBTAMPA BAY
379
June 24, 2011
380
July 8, 2011
ignature
381
July 8, 2011
COLORADO CAPITALBANK
382
July 8, 2011
383
July 15, 2011
384
July 15, 2011
385
July 15, 2011
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July 15, 2011
387
July 22, 2011
BANKBANK
July 22, 2011
July 22, 2011
T H E C H O I C E Y O U C A N B A N K O N .
388-389
July 29, 2011
July 29, 2011
390-391
392
July 29, 2011
393
August 5, 2011
394
August 5, 2011
395
August 12, 2011
396
August 18, 2011
397
August 19, 2011
BANK & TRUST
August 19, 2011
First Choice BankYour Choice. The Choice.
ITC Fenice LT Regular font
August 19, 2011
FIRST SOUTHERN
398-399
September 2, 2011
September 2, 2011
400-401
402
September 9, 2011
403
September 23, 2011
ANKOF NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
September 23, 2011
September 30, 2011
404-405
October 7, 2011
SUN SECURITY BANK
October 7, 2011
Clearly Different
406-407
408
October 14, 2011
409
October 14, 2011
410
October 14, 2011
Blue RidgeSavings Bank
411
October 14, 2011
C O M M U N I T Y B A N K
412
October 21, 2011
CommunityCapitalBANK
413
October 21, 2011
COMMUNITY BANKS OF COLORADO
414
October 21, 2011
B A N K
415
October 21, 2011
BANK
”We Know You”
416
October 28, 2011
ALLBANK
417
November 4, 2011
418
November 4, 2011
MIDCITYBANK
419
November 10, 2011
CBRCOMMUNITY
BANKOF ROCKMART
420
November 18, 2011
POLK COUNTYBANK
421
November 18, 2011
422
December 16, 2011
WESTERNNATIONAL BANK
423
December 16, 2011
PREMIER COMMUNITYBank of the Emerald Coast
424
January 20, 2012
CentralFloridaState Bank
425
January 20, 2012
426
January 20, 2012
The First State Bank
427
January 27, 2012
428
January 27, 2012
PATRIOT BANKMINNESOTA
429
January 27, 2012
T E N N E S S E E
CommerceBank
430
January 27, 2012
First GuarantBank
431
February 10, 2012
Shelby CountyBank
432
February 10, 2012
NAT I O NA L BA N KA N D
433
February 24, 2012
Home Savings.o f A m e r i c a
434
February 24, 2012
C BENTRAL ANKOF GE ORGIA
435
March 2, 2012
436
March 9, 2012
New City
Bank
437
March 23, 2012
COVENANTbank & trust
438
March 23, 2012
PREMIER BANK
439
March 30, 2012
440
April 20, 2012
441
April 27, 2012
PDPalm Desert National Bank
442
April 27, 2012
443
April 27, 2012
444
April 27, 2012
445
April 27, 2012
446
May 4, 2012
447
May 18, 2012
ALABAM A TRU S T BAN K
448
June 8, 2012
WACCAMAWBANK
449
June 8, 2012
farmers traders
state bank&
450
June 8, 2012
S A V I N G S B A N K
451
June 8, 2012
FIRSTCAPITAL BANK
June 15, 2012
PUTNAM STATE BANKYour True Community Bank
June 15, 2012
452-453
June 15, 2012
Security Exchange Bank
July 6, 2012
MONTGOMERYBank & Trust
454-455
456
July 13, 2012
SBG GlasgowSavingsBank
457
July 20, 2012
458
July 20, 2012
459
July 20, 2012
460
July 20, 2012
461
July 20, 2012
462
July 27, 2012
463
August 3, 2012
464
September 7, 2012
FIRSTOMMERCIALANK
CB
465
September 14, 2012
466
September 28, 2012
First UnitedBank
467
October 19, 2012
GULFSOUTHPrivate Bank
468
October 19, 2012
EXCELBANK
469
October 19, 2012
1st EAST SIDESAVINGSBANK
470
October 26, 2012
471
November 2, 2012
472
November 2, 2012
HeritageBankOf Florida
473
November 16, 2012
BANKCOMMUNITYHOMETOWN
474
December 14, 2012
475
January 11, 2013
476
January 18, 2013
St RegentsBank
477
February 15, 2013
478
March 8, 2013
479
April 5, 2013
Gold Canyon Bank˝We Can Make a Difference˝
480
April 19, 2013
481
April 19, 2013
482
April 19, 2013
483
April 26, 2013
Our Community IS Our Business
484
April 26, 2013
485
May 10, 2013
486
May 10, 2013
487
May 14, 2013
488
May 31, 2013
489
June 6, 2013
490
June 7, 2013
491
August 2, 2013
492
August 9, 2013
493
August 23, 2013
OF
494
August 23, 2013
A Better Way To Bank
495
September 13, 2013
496
September 13, 2013
TCBwww.TCBnow.com
497
October 30, 2013
498
December 13, 2013
499
January 17, 2014
500
January 24, 2014
501
January 31, 2014
502
February 28, 2014
503
February 28, 2014
a new perspective
504
April 25, 2014
505
May 16, 2014
506
May 23, 2014
507
May 30, 2014
508
June 20, 2014
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS
509
June 20, 2014
PALM DESERT, CALIFORNIA
510
June 27, 2014
511
July 18, 2014
512
July 25, 2014
513
October 17, 2014
514
October 24, 2014
TheNational Republic Bank
of Chicago
515
November 7, 2014
516
December 19, 2014
517
January 16, 2015
518
January 23, 2015
519
February 13, 2015
520
February 27, 2015
521
May 8, 2015
522
July 10, 2015
523
October 2, 2015
524
October 2, 2015
525
March 11, 2016
526
April 29, 2016
527
May 6, 2016
#12InMyComputer
FDICInsuredMichaelMandiberg
4992357813269
ISBN 978-1-326-49923-590000
