FCAT Review
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Transcript of FCAT Review
FCAT ReviewFCAT Review
Life ScienceLife Science
What does “Being Alive” mean?What does “Being Alive” mean?
Made of cellsMade of cells Respond to stimuliRespond to stimuli Respire (use energy)Respire (use energy) AdaptAdapt ReproduceReproduce Excrete wastesExcrete wastes SecreteSecrete Have a life spanHave a life span
Life Needs:Life Needs:
Energy (solar or Energy (solar or chemical)chemical)
WaterWater Tolerable TemperaturesTolerable Temperatures LightLight Agreeable AtmosphereAgreeable Atmosphere
Structure of the CellStructure of the Cell
Single Cell vs. MulticellularSingle Cell vs. Multicellular
Cell OrganizationCell Organization
AtomAtom MoleculeMolecule OrganelleOrganelle CellCell TissueTissue OrganOrgan SystemSystem OrganismOrganism
Major SystemsMajor Systems
Excretory Respiratory Digestive
ReproductiveMale Female
Major SystemsMajor Systems
Circulatory
Nervous
Muscular
Skeletal
Chemistry of the CellChemistry of the Cell
Cells are made of atoms and moleculesCells are made of atoms and molecules Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, Iron, Sodium, Potassium, etc.Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, Iron, Sodium, Potassium, etc.
OrganicOrganic InorganicInorganic
Organic compounds contain carbonOrganic compounds contain carbon Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, nucleic acids, etc.Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, nucleic acids, etc.
Inorganic compounds are also necessary for lifeInorganic compounds are also necessary for life Water, salt, vitamins, etc.Water, salt, vitamins, etc.
Cell Transport…note error on class notesCell Transport…note error on class notes
Passive TransportPassive Transport Active TransportActive Transport
ExocytosisExocytosisEndocytosisEndocytosis
Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration
organisms use oxygen to break down glucose and organisms use oxygen to break down glucose and release water and carbon dioxide as wasterelease water and carbon dioxide as waste
CC66HH1212OO66 + 6O + 6O22 Energy + 6CO Energy + 6CO22 + 6H + 6H22OO
PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis
plants use solar energy plants use solar energy
to make glucose from to make glucose from
water and carbon dioxide water and carbon dioxide
and release oxygen as wasteand release oxygen as waste
Energy + 6COEnergy + 6CO22 + 6H + 6H22O O C C66HH1212OO66 + 6O + 6O22
MitosisMitosis
Cell division for body Cell division for body cells - diploidcells - diploid
MeiosisMeiosis
Cell division to produce Cell division to produce sex cells - haploidsex cells - haploid
DNADNA
Nitrogen basesNitrogen bases AdenineAdenine ThymineThymine GuanineGuanine CytosineCytosine
Sexual vs. Asexual ReproductionSexual vs. Asexual Reproduction
Heredity – passing of traits from parents Heredity – passing of traits from parents of offspringof offspring
Alleles – different forms a gene has for a traitAlleles – different forms a gene has for a trait A – dominant allele for a trait (upper case)A – dominant allele for a trait (upper case) a – recessive allele for a trait (lower case)a – recessive allele for a trait (lower case)
Heterozygous – different allelesHeterozygous – different alleles Homozygous – identical alleles Homozygous – identical alleles
Punnett SquaresPunnett Squares
Tools for predicting genetic Tools for predicting genetic crossescrosses
Genotype – genetic makeupGenotype – genetic makeup What alleles are presentWhat alleles are present
Phenotype – physical makeupPhenotype – physical makeup What is shownWhat is shown
Fill in the Punnett SquareFill in the Punnett SquareTT tt
tt
tt
How many offspring plants will be tall?
How many offspring plants will be short?
What percentage of offspring will be tall plants?
T – tall plantst – short plants
Fill in the Punnett SquareFill in the Punnett SquareTT tt
tt TtTt tttt
tt TtTt tttt
How many offspring plants will be tall?
How many offspring plants will be short?
What percentage of offspring will be tall plants?
T – tall plantst – short plants
Evolution – changes in kinds of animals Evolution – changes in kinds of animals and plants over timeand plants over time EvidenceEvidence
Fossil recordFossil record Continental driftContinental drift
Why do kangaroos live Why do kangaroos live in Australia?in Australia?
From Eohippus to From Eohippus to EquusEquus
Survival of the FittestSurvival of the Fittest
Ability to reproduce Ability to reproduce successfullysuccessfully
Charles Darwin
The fittest?
EcologyEcology
Biotic FactorsBiotic Factors Living thingsLiving things
Abiotic FactorsAbiotic Factors Non-living thingsNon-living things
Food Chain vs. Food WebFood Chain vs. Food Web
Energy PyramidEnergy Pyramid
Adaptation for SurvivalAdaptation for Survival
Changes in Changes in structurestructure behaviorbehavior
Cycles of NatureCycles of Nature
Carbon Nitrogen
Phosphorus Water
Environmental IssuesEnvironmental Issues Decrease in resources Decrease in resources
leads to decrease in leads to decrease in natural populationsnatural populations
Human activitiesHuman activities PollutionPollution Global warmingGlobal warming Destruction of habitatDestruction of habitat
Renewable and Non-Renewable ResourcesRenewable and Non-Renewable Resources
RenewableRenewable WindWind SolarSolar WaterWater TreesTrees BiomassBiomass
Non-renewableNon-renewable CoalCoal OilOil GasGas
Scientific Scientific ClassificationClassification
Scientific ClassificationScientific Classification
Dichotomous KeyDichotomous Key
Plant KindomPlant Kindom
Plant ReproductionPlant ReproductionSpores vs. SeedsSpores vs. Seeds
Fern
Angiosperm
Gymnosperm
VirusVirus
Viruses are not alive Viruses are not alive until they invade a celluntil they invade a cell