Favrourite Ceramic Pvt.ltd.

8/6/2019 Favrourite Ceramic Pvt.ltd.

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A

SUMMER PROJECT REPORT

ON

DEPARTMENT STUDY

AND

RATIO ANALYSIS

AT

BY

G A R C H A R G A R C H A R N I L E S H ML E S H M .

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Mr. Sanjay Mehta

SUBMITTED TO

GUJARAT TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, AHMEDABAD

SHRI M. H. GHARDI COLLEGE OF MANAGEMENT

AFFILIATED WITH GUJARAT TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, AHMEDABAD


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MBA PROGRAMME

RAJKOT 360001

.

.

I undersignedGARCHAR NILESH M.

the student of Shri M.H.Gardi college

of management.Hereby declare that the project report is my own work and in carried

out under the supervision of lecturer of Shri M. H. Gardi College.

This work has not been precisely submitted to any other university or any

institution for any examination.

.

Place:-RAJKOT SIGNATURE

Date:- ( GARCHAR NILESH M.)


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It is my great pleasure to present this report before you. I thank all who helped

me to get the necessary Information to prepare this report.

First I am grateful to my parents who have taken all care for my education. I

would like to thank to our College Director Mr. SANDIP SOLANKI. & Our Proffeser

for their personal guidance, never ending encouragement and his willingness to be of

help whenever I needed. I appreciate co-operation of my classmates.

I am greatly thankful to all the executives and officers of FAVOURITE

CERAMIC PVT.LTD. Who spared their valuable time for me.

I am especially thankful to MR. SANJAY MEHTA Faculty of theMBA

department of mycollege for his great support.I am also thankful to other faculty member of SHRI M. H. GHARDI COLLEGE

OFMANAGEMENT. They are very helpful to all students

Thanking you, SIGNATURE

PLACE: RAJKOT


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(GARCHAR NILESH M.)


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CERTIFICATE (Company)


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CERTIFICATE OF COLLEGE


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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The training is undertaken with the objective to study the overallorganizational working inservice sector company FAVROURITE and its

departments in the organization and subsidiaryCompany.

As a part of training I first trying to understand the all product of the company

and along withthis I also know about the services provided by FAVROURITE.In

this project, I had tried to understand the functioning of a company and how it

performs itswork at different levels in the organization. Here, in these training I could

learn a lot and gotan immense practical knowledge of the firm by day to day

observation.

In the report, I have discussed about various departments of the organization whichareHuman Resource Management, Marketing, and finance department. These all

departmentstudy made me compatible to understand and work out properly.

As a part of research, I studied the RATIO ANALYSIS AT FAVROURITE

CERAMIC PVT.LTD..In the research work first, I decided my criteria for the

research work and through thequestionnaire I collected primary data and also with the

help of staff members of FAVROURITE.And secondary data was collected by using

various books, pamphlets and website of thecompany.


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1. TITLE PAGE

2. CERTIFICATE (Company)

3. CERTIFICATE (College)

4. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

5. DECLARATION

6. ACKNOWLEGEMENT

7. GENERAL INFORMATION

8. PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT

9. PRESONNEL DEPARTMENT

10. FINANCE DEPARTMENT

11. MARKTING DEPARTMENT

12. FUTURE PLAN


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13. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

14.DATA ANALYSIS,RESULT AND INTERPRETATION


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1. BIO DATA

2. HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE ORGANISTION

3. ORGANISATION STRUCTURE

4. THE TIME KEEPING SYSTEM


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FAVOURITE CERAMIC PVT.LTD . is located LAKHDHIRPUR ROAD,

MORBI-363 642 IND.

01. Name :- FAVOURITE

CERAMICS

PVT. LTD.

02. Regd. Office :- FAVOURITE CERAMIC,

LAKHDHIRPUR ROAD,

MORBI-363 642 (GUJ.),

IND.

03. Phone No. :- +91-2822-242206

04. Fax No. :- +91-2822-242964

05. Web Site :- WWW.FAVOURITE

CERAMIC.COM

06. E-mail :- INFO@FAVOURITE

CERAMIC.COM

07. Size of the Organization :- LARGE SCALE

08. Name of the Mg.Director :- RAJESH BHAI

09. Year of Establishment :- 2004

10. Name of the Product :- LUSTERWALLS TILES

11. Banker :- BANK OF INDIA

MORBI-363 642

12. Corporate office :- LAKHDHIRPUR ROAD,

MORBI-363 642 (GUJ.),


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13. marketing office :- Ahemedabad, Mumbai,

Delhi ,Hyderabad

14. Profit :- 10% from the product

:-

15. Number of Employees

Executive/Officer :- 5 Persons

Assistant :- 20 Persons

Sub Staff :- 10 Persons

Workers :- 30 Persons

16. Exporting Countries :- china ,unando,

South Africa,


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There is good demand of LUSTERWALLS TILES since some year.

FAVOURITE decided to establish firm LUSTERWALLS TILES. At that time they

have vary large experience of this business because they have all ready two firms of

glaze tiles. Although they take this decision because there was increase the production

capacity, so they started to construct the building of FAVOURITE in 2003.

FAVOURITE started its production in 2004.

They always concentrate on their quality only they have a quality control

manager who try to maintain the quality of them product and because of this they

were in INDIA as well as in international market also. In FAVOURITE they make

many different size and designs of LUSTERWALLS TILES, which are not easily

available in market, and therefore they make them good will in the market.

The Directors of this company Rajeshbhaibavrva ,Hiteshbhai Nileshbhai & all

are believe in

COMING TOGETHER IS BEGINNING

KEEPING TOGETHER IS PROGRESS

WORKING TOGETHER IS SUCCESS.


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There are various forms of the organization the chart of various form of

business organization is shown as under.

Organization is the framework within which the responsibility of management

is discharged. Organization structure is very necessary to define the other official

relation between employee and employer helps in accomplishing targets with their

best efforts and co-operation, with efficient organization structure, best use of

available resources becomes possible.

Thus, for controlling and co-ordination routine activities of the organization,

FAVOURITE follows the following organization structure.

FORM OF ORGANIZATION

SOLE

PROPRIT

OR

PARTNERSHIPFIRM

COMPANY CO-

OPERTIVE

PRIVATE

COMPANY

PUBLIC

COMPANY


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Time waits for on one Time cannot be wasted as once its lost its last

forever. Thus a firm should develop an effective time keeping system maintenance of

discipline in time keeping system. Helps the organization to achieve various benefits.

There are many factors, which affects the time keeping system like production

capacity, inventory conversion period, etc. After a through study of all these factors

the time schedules are adjusted as under.

Time keeping also takes against violation. There are three shift are exist for

workers.

i. 8 A.M. to 4 P.M.

ii. 4 P.M. to 12 A.M.

iii. 12 A.M. to 8 P.M.

There are different workers in different shift and at 12 to 8 A.M. sometimes

when the demand is high, the workers are asked to work for overtime and accordingly

they are paid more.


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1. INTRODUCTION

2. PRODUCT

3. RAW MATERIAL

4. MANUFATURING PROCESS OF BODY

5. SORTING DEPARTMENT


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Production department is a place where some activities like manufacturing,

planning its control material handling and the workers do store keeping etc. that is

related to production process. In which place where raw material is converted into

semi finished goods and this goods are convert into finished goods by the manpower

and machine and where this process are done this whole unit is called production

department utilizes the manpower and machines and makes the products. So we can

say this department is heart of whole Industry and profit of company of industry is

very much depend on this department so by using good quality of machine raw

material and good workers we can increases the production.

But in same automatic production products are manufactured only by machine

less need of mans to operate these machines so by this we can say that number of

mans and machines depend on the nature of production process.


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The production department is the main department of any company because

this department is produced finish goods. So this department also called

manufacturing department. In production department raw material is converted into

finish good or semi finished good, with help of man, power, and machines.

The production department combines manpower and machines and every unit

are used man machines.

PRODUCT

LUSTER WALLS TILES is the main product of the FAVOURITE

CERAMIC PVT.LTD., which is used in lobbies, restaurants, driveways,house,

pathways, hospitals and banks and even in exhibition hall.etc

The unit is having joint system of operation where man and machine is

utilized.


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For manufacturing of products the raw material is the main need or we can say

the life bound of the manufacturing process.

They distribute their manufacturing process into one part.

1. Body process

1. Raw material for Body process: -

CLAY

i. Urcrain Clay : From Santalpur

ii. Bikaner Clay : From Bikaner, Rajsthan

iii. China Clay : From Kutch

POWDER

i. Potas feldspar

ii. Soda feldspar

iii. Quartz


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1. Boil Mill

FAVOURITE CERAMICPVT. LTD. has a boil mill in this water and

clay etc. is mixed prepared in form of salary. Salary means a particular liquid.

In this machine pebbles are put for mixing the ingredients. Grinding is ready

after 8 hours and salary is made.

2. Pressing

In this step the salary is transfer into filter press by turbine, by pressing salary

is converted into biscuit form.

3. Dry

By this step the biscuits is dry into sunshine and emergency they use creak

dryer fro drying.

4. After firing the biscuits are bring to the shorting department by

trolley. Here skilled worker does Shorting.

~ Side Creak

~ Bend

~ Hardness

~ Cutting Creak

~ Cutting Creak

~ Iron or Pebble etc.


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In this department the tiles are shorting as per already fixed grades manually &

filling the cartons and identity of the grade code No., Date & Year & MRP are

stumped by manually.

Cartons are shift at storage department for dispatch.

For Transporting,

~ Truck/Tempo/Tractors etc.

~ Containers for exporting.


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1. INTRODUCTION

2. ORGANISATION STRUCTURE

3. PROMOTION AND TRANSFER

4. WAGES AND SALARY

5. RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION

6. TRAINING

7. OTHER FACILITIES

8. PERSONAL RECORDS

9. INDUSTRIAL RELATIONSHIP


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which are filed by the head of the department or by the authority. Personnel

Subordinates, who generally used to work according to the policy,department takes

work from the labor with applying right type of behavior. Manage your man you can

manage everything. This department stimulates the personal to wards the achievement

of predetermine goal. Planning is in a paper but true implementation of planning is

doing by the personnel.

Partners have to recognize the future of staffing. It is necessary to maintain

workers within the organization formal and informal meeting can maintain relation

workers. Human being is very complex and it is very difficult to convince goal. So

more attentions are needed for development to handle human resources. Thisdepartment also looks after right of the labor. This basic there of personnel department

is to give importance of active resources. If your organization goal is satisfied the

workers goal are satisfied automatically. You have to share your profits with your

workers. In short, stuffing means acquisition, development, utilization and

Maintenance of human resources, motivate person can lead to wards high

efficiency and profits.

Personal department provides the energy to the business. Material may be

purchase at the most competitive rates and machinery may be worked at their

maximum speed but out put can be maximum only when workers are willing to work

in all organization human resources is the main element. An organization is set up

with view to achieve some objective and the achievement of objectives is possible.

When its human factors are willing to work so knoontz said Management is an art of

getting thing done through other people. And personnel management is method of

development of employee generally personnel management is concerned with

employees management these personnel management is concerned with employee

both as individual and group.


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This principal concept of an organization is its human resources. Thus

managing them effectively and properly will result into high productivity and

profitability. Human resources are the valuable assets for the company. It should be

development and maintained for long run interest of the organization chart for better

management of personnel department.

PERSONNEL DEPARTMENT

PERSONNEL MANAGER

ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICER

ASSISTANT

WORKERS


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A promotion is the process of ranking lower level employees to some higherand butter position, which demands better salary, wages, better work environment,

challenging tasks, etc. In FAVOURITE CERAMICS PVT. LTD. clerk may be

promoted to the post of assistant; a sales assistant may be given the post of marketing

manager. The promotion is done on the bases seniority or merits according to the

suitability of job. Usually for workers, it is done considering their efficiency &

production ability. The promotion is under taken at the end of every year.


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Wages are the basic incentive for workers. Wages should be paid properly andregularly to avoid decrease in productivity & profitability. It increases the morale of

workers and efficiency to work wages is for workers while salary are for clerical,

managerial and supervisory stuff. The wages of the labors depends upon the number

of units produced by them. Generally the wages ranges from Rs. 60 to 100. The

minimum wage paid to the workers is Rs. 40 workers working for some extra hours

are provided more wages depending on the units produced and hours of working.

The salary is paid to engineer on the bases of his experience and the number of

years he has been working in the unit. The salary range Rs. 100 to Rs. 200 per day.


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1. RECRUITMENT

FAVOURITE CERAMICS PVT. LTD. follows the two methods for

recruitment of person.

A. Internal B. External

Internal sources means to promote person with in the organization. That is

promotion of employees in the organization, employees recommendation etc is the

internal sources, and the external sources means to get the person from out side oforganization. That is profession association, technical institution, giving

advertisement etc. are external source. FAVOURITE CERAMICS PVT. LTD.

recruits their employees with both the types internal and external they recruit

unskilled worker and semiskilled worker from local area and some times by giving

promotion they recruit other higher post. For high skilled person some times they used

them personal relation because at higher post the higher responsibility is occur and

they believe that if known person is there then more safety is there but in all case it is

not possible therefore sometimes they give the advertisement in newspaper.


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2. SELECTION

Selection is a process by which qualified and talented person is to be choosing

from the application. Who have a demand to the organization for employees andselection is a process in the hand management to get qualified and disqualified

applicant by various methods. These methods are as follows.

Initial screening

Interviews

A. Preliminary Selection

B. Final Selection

C. Placement


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Training is techniques by which a new employees is know his work and

management also gets information that this employees is right for the job or not.

FAVOURITE CERAMICS PVT. LTD. is also given training to his new employee. In

this firm new employees trained by old employees or other skilled person. New

workers are works under old workers for three month. They give on the job training to

the employee in the most of the case.


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FAVOURITE CERAMICS PVT. LTD. provides welfare facility to theiremployees or workers is a follows.

~ Medical charges

~ Provident fund

~ House lone

~ Scooter lone

~ Marriage loan

~ Festival gifts


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FAVOURITE CERAMICS PVT. LTD.is maintained many register tomaintain the personal records the following resisters are maintain.

i. Daily present record

In this register present and absent of each employee written.

ii. Salary and Wages register

In this register salary of each employees is written. Any

employees who get how mush salary at end the year is written.

iii. Leave encasement record

Even on declared on public holiday worker perform his work

and not enjoy holiday is known as encased.

iv. Register of employee

Records also maintain for the personnel details of the

employees like his name, age, sex, address, etc. and also present

position of employees.


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The term industries relationship is used to refer to the relation betweenparties concerned. There are two parties coming directly connect with each other.

1. Worker

2. Management

The best relation between these two parties is key for the progress of

industries. In FAVOURITE Co-ordinal relation exist between workers and

management. All workers are in direct relation with partners so the workers have no

any dissatisfaction with the partners so them industrial relation with the workers are

very good and in management there is family member so no any problem in the side

of management.


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1. INTRODUCTION

2. ORGANIZATION STRUCETURE

3. FINANCIAL PLANNING

4. MANAGEMENT OF WORKING CAPITAL

5. OTHER FINANCIAL


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Financial management is that managerial activity which is concerned, with the

planning and controlling of the companys financial resources. So finance is lifeblood

for every organization without efficient finance. Managements Company cannot

service for long time.

Finance management also raises funds by borrowing form banks financial

institution and other resources. There exists and inseparable relationship between the

finance functions on the one hand and production, marketing and other function on the

other. Almost all kinds of business activities, directly or indirectly involve the

acquisition and use of money.

FAVOURITE have a very active and creative department, which looks for

finance managements of company. Finance department of company is well arranged

and equipped with all modern facility like on live computer system, fax machine etc.

most of works done by finance department with the help of computers. Division of

work play important role in every organization for smooth working. Company divided

its financial department into various selections, so speedy workers becomes possible.

For the smooth work, FAVOURITE have divided financial departments into

various selections, which is discuss as below.


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FINANCE DEPARTMENT

FINANCE MANAGER

CHIEF ACCOUNTANT

ADMINSTRATIVE OFFICER

CLERICAL


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It is must for every financial manager to review the financial planning everyweek because some adjustments have to be made if the external factor affects the

plan. Marking adjustment cannot avoid the affects that are to be caused by external

factors but the organization would have ability to face them. He has to evaluate the

efficiency of financial planning.

In FAVOURITE, a weekly financial planning to is under taken by an active

partner and the same is reviewed every month, so adjustment can be made whenever

needed. Here they have to plan that how much capital should be borrowed, whether

the profit should be ploughed back, how much owned capital to be invested etc. Here

the capital compromises of partners funds, reserve and surplus, plugging buck ofprofit, and borrowed capital in form off loans and deposits which consists of long

term debt.


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Working capital managements is concerned with management of the currentassets. If firm does not invest sufficient amount in current assets that is if it does not

have adequate working capital then it many become illiquid and as a result may not

have ability to meet its current obligations.

In FAVOURITE working capital is required to keep on the smooth and

continuous flow of production, raw material have to be purchased, stock or work in

progress and finished goods have to be maintained, expenditure have to be incurred on

labor, electricity, administrative matter etc. If this requirement it always keeps a cash

of Rs. 50,000 at hand. If also in cars Rs. 50,000 fixed lost and to variable cost varies

accordingly.


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Investment 8,00,00,000Turn Over 4,00,00,000

Here, we call conclude that the firm is in a position to meet its current

obligations easily since the current assets are more than current liabilities but the

liquid ratio is low which is not very satisfying. It should improve its liquid position

stock turnover ratio is low. This might be because of delay in collection period thus

credit sales policy should be make stricter. So this will increase sales and also profit.


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1. INTRODUCTION

2. ORGANISATION CHART

3. PRODUCT PLANNING

4. MARKET SEGMENTATION

5. CHANNEL OF DISTRIBUTION

6. SALES PROMOTION


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Marketing occupies can important position in the organization of business unit

and also defined as the process involving exchange and distribution. It creates a bridge

between manufacture and consumer and this department also help to organization for

good turn over.

In any organization -marketing department are very important factors, which

affects the process of exchanges between goods and services. It involves a number ofinterrelated activity designs of interrelated activity designs to plan, promote,

distribute, and price. A product of service in ordain to meet the wants and needs, of

the parties in exchange transaction, consumer and by producerser def. Kotler define

marketing as a needs and wants through exchanges process. And ray Cray defined

as marketing consists of all activity by which a company adopts it self to its

environment creatively and profitability.


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MARKETING DEPARTMENT

MARKETING & SALES MANAGER

CHIEF MANAGER SALES MANAGER

SALES MANAGER SALES MANAGER

Generally, every organization markets its products but in case of

FAVOURITE its most important characteristic is that it does not market its any of the

product. They are the O.F.S. purchaser order are obtained by marketing manager who

then prepares the priority list of such purchase order. Depending on these orders, he

undergoes a planning process with respect to the production lost, price fixation,

packaging, dispatch of goods, quantity to products to be produced, production

expenditure, etc. He arranges all the different activities of this department in

sequence. He forecast the demand for the product and looks after the development of

sales for these he develops an efficient pricing with the helps at to management

In FAVOURITE there is a quality control officer whose task is to maintain a

uniform quality of all product continuously. He is concerned with their

characteristics that can be measured. So here quality control officer makes the

standard measurement and compares. It with actual measurement to say that there is

no difference in the quality. If both, the standard and actual measurement comply

then only the product is forwarded for selling purpose. Otherwise it will be rejected

and sent for reprocessing.

After the product is being forwarded for selling purpose, the last step is its

dispatch, at the last stage, we have sales assistance is always busy with preparing

different documents for dispatch of goods. He has to keep records regarding purchase

order of different of goods. He has also to see whether the dispatching task is carried

on smoothly or not. In this regard, he prepares different types of forms, which are as

follow:-


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1. DELIVERY CHANNEL

It is popularity known as 57f form. This form prepared by the party who send

raw material to the other party. It contains details about quantity of raw material,lorry number, the names of two parties and all other related information. This forms

has to be sent back to the party with in 16 days.

2. C-FORM

Whenever the goods are to be transported act of state, this form is prepared.

The main purpose of c-form is fro the payment of taxes. It carries 4% central sales

tax and 7% sales tax, which is to be paid on the total amount of goods sold. This

form also includes a margin of 20% search charges on goods sold.

FORM 19

This form is prepared when the goods are to be transported within the state

only. As the goods are transported with in the state, the rate of tax is nil. In other

words, no tax is charged.

4. H-FORM

This form is prepared when the goods are to export. Generally it is prepared by

purchase party and includes the amount of sales tax and special tax.

5. G.P.1

G.P. is the gate pass prepared by the sellen for the removal of accessible goods

forms the warehouse or factory, on payment of duty, FAVOURITE being as SSI unit

it is exempted from excise duty till the dispatch of goods worth Rs. 30 lakhs. Thus,

this form is generally prepared when the excise on goods is not to be paid.

G.P.2

When the dispatch of goods worth more than 30 lakhs, gate pass 2 is prepaid.

It is issued by the seller and sent to the other party. After the payment of duty by the

other party, one copy to this G.P.2 is sent against the security of AR-3A form.

5. AR 3A form

It is with G.P.2 form, as it is a kind of two securities to the seller. It provides

security to the seller float the buyer he paid the fauves.


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Thus, the sales assistant keeps himself busy in dispatching the goods outside

the firm and in calculating the total price, total taxes to be paid, and total amount to be

covered form the party concerned. He also prepares the above-described formsaccording to the necessity of the firm.

The responsibility of the correspondence clerk is the maintenance of the sales,

purchase, and return register. He has to register any purchase order that is received, to

write a ply letter to any inquiry received, to write the letter of adjustment whenever

there is delay in dispatch of goods for any reason and he also writes cancellation letter

when the order is to be cancelled and the collection letter the outstanding payment.


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Product is anything that satisfies the wants or needs of an individual

production manager has to plan and produce the products according to therequirements of purchasers. A purchaser sends a letter at inquiring with designs and

drawings attached to tit to FAVOURITE inquiring whether the types of products

needed by they are available of not. The drawings sent are steadied thoroughly by an

engineer and if he finds that the products can be produced according to the drawing

sent them he will ashes the production manager to produce few sample of it.

If the buyer accepts qualities the product produced, then the production

manager executes the order and the production process takes place. Thus product

planning is prepared according to the requirement of a buyer.


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Market segmentation is the division of marketing according to the consumerneeds and wants so they can be served in better way. It is a method for achieving

maximum market response from limited marketing resources.

In India we have many LUSTERWALLS TILES industries but FAVOURITE

made its own position in market by its good quality and reasonable price they make

also some different size of LUSTERWALLS TILES which are not easily available in

Indian market. They have many clients in foreign too. Therefore we conclude that

FAVOURITE make its very good position in Indian market as well as international

market.


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FAVOURITE is the original equipment supplier thus its products are not

markets. It produces LUSTERWALLS TILES, which are used in the constructionmarket so they directly contact the retailers of locale builder on big contractors so they

can easily get require customer. Some times because of relation ship they get more

customers they have good relation with some international distributor so they get

some international customers.

FAVOURITE distribution channel chart can be shown as under.

MANUFACTUREING OF GOODS

DISTRIBUTER

RETAILER OF CUSTOMER


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Since FAVOURITE produces original equipment therefore its product is not

marketed. It produces LUSTERWALLS TILES, which means it is a industrial productmeans it is a product of constructing industry. Because of this much reason they dont

advertise them product but they used them relation for sales promotion. But it always

maintains it quality of products, which servers as sales promotion of the unit for

maintaining the quality their general practice is to manufacturing same samples

whenever any news designs are available.


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12.


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12.FUTURE PLANE

Future plane of FAVEOURITE CERAMIC PVT.LTD. is to become leading

companies in the Luster walls tiles all over the world.

They will be installing new latest machines for increasing productions and

various designs and ranges to meet the upcoming market needs. Also they wanted to

try servicing those services.

Faveourite Ceramic has already achieved great success and popularity. Their

future plans are to expand more and more our business and to satisfy their customer

need. Favourite Ceramic has future plans are to top level, status in the Ceramic market

and good credibility in the market.


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Review of Literature

Literature review.1:-

In the ceramic industry, a worldwide trend has been to achieve a higher

efficiency bychanging to a firing technology with shorter firing schedules. This

development hasintroduced new glaze formulations, often based partly or entirely on

frittedformulations. Non-fritted formulations, raw glazes, are nevertheless, stillattractivealternatives for many applications.

In this work, the influence of firing cycle and glaze composition on raw glaze

properties was investigated. Fifteen experimental glazes were statistically chosen to

cover the range of interest for commercial raw glazes. The variables in the matrix

consisted of the oxides Na2O + K2O, MgO, CaO, Al2O3, and SiO2. The experimental

compositions were designed to reveal typical characteristics and properties rather than

to reproduce glazes for commercial applications. The glazes were fired both

industrially and in laboratory furnaces according to different firing cycles. After

firing, the phase composition and surface morphology of the glazes was studied by

means of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, whitelight confocal

microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Hot stage microscopy and thermal analysis

were utilized for studying the firing behavior of the glazes. Chemical durability was

investigated as the durability of the different phases present in the glazes. Test

solutions with pH ranging from very acidic to very alkaline were utilized. The

immersion solutions from the durability tests were analyzed by ICP-AES giving

information of the dissolved species. Soiling and cleaning tendency of selected glazes

was studied spectrophotometrically using a colored soil. Cleaning degree was

calculated based on the amount of colored soil on soiled and cleaned surfaces.


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Literature review.2:-

Glazes have been used for centuries to improve and modify the surface propertiesand

appearance of ceramics. The basic properties of glazed ceramics are well-known.

However, changes in ceramic processing, and the increased demands for ware in

service, call for improved understanding of glazes and their properties.

In the ceramic industry, a worldwide trend has been to achieve a higher efficiencyby

changing to a firing technology with shorter firing schedules. The throughput of kilns

can thereby be increased and the cost per unit of product can be lowered. This

development has introduced new glaze formulations, often based partly or entirely onfritted formulations. However, non-fritted formulations (raw glazes) are still used in

production of e.g. sanitary ware and for tiles intended for demanding applications.

The role of the firing cycle in determining the surface properties of raw glazes is

therefore of great importance and remains a challenging problem.

In the ceramic industry, a worldwide trend has been to achieve a higher efficiencyby

changing to a firing technology with shorter firing schedules. The throughput of kilns

can thereby be increased and the cost per unit of product can be lowered. This

development has introduced new glaze formulations, often based partly or entirely on

fritted formulations. However, non-fritted formulations (raw glazes) are still used in

production of e.g. sanitary ware and for tiles intended for demanding applications.The role of the firing cycle in determining the surface properties of raw glazes is

therefore of great importance and remains a challenging problem.

The need to lower environmental loads generated by cleaning processes of

surfacesinour everyday life has been a central topic among scientists in recent years.

Within theTEKES (Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation)

technologyprogramme Clean Surfaces (Likaantumattomat pinnat) 2002 2006, much

effort wasput into broadening the basic knowledge of soiling and cleaning phenomena

ofdifferent materials. The primary goal was to create a comprehensive understanding

ofthe chemistry and physics of clean and dirty surfaces. By improving soil resistance

and the cleanability of surfaces, large economic and environmental savings would beachieved.

Glazes are thin (0.5 1 mm) glassy-like coverings applied on various ceramic

substrates including table- and giftware, sanitaryware, floor, wall and facade tiles,

electrical porcelain, engineering ceramics, refractory pieces, etc. The glaze, like the

ceramic body, is made up of a series of inorganic raw materials. The major glaze

components are silica (glass forming component) and alumina, as well as other

elements that act as fluxes (oxides of alkali metals, alkaline earths, boron, zinc, etc.),

opacifiers (oxides of zirconium, titanium, etc.), and as coloring agents (iron,


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chromium, cobalt, manganese, etc.). A wide variety of glaze formulations are used,

depending on the firing temperature and the desired properties of the finished product.

In e.g. sanitaryware industry, the glazes are formulated based foremost on natural or

synthetic raw materials, which contribute the necessary oxides. However, in ceramic

floor and wall tile manufacture, raw materials of a glassy nature (frits or

glassceramics)are often used. These are melted from crystalline materials, quenched and

milled

OBJECTIVE

To know the level of satisfaction of the customers about the quality of the

product.

How company can improve their product quality.

What the customers are thinks about the product.


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13.

13.1. Method of research

13.2. Type of research

13.3. Data type

14.4. Data Collection tools

13.5. Sampling plan


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13.1. Method of research

Research is a scientific and systematic search for related information on a specific

topic.

There are main eight step of research process.

Define a Research Problem

Review of literature

Formulation of Hypothesis

Developing a Research Design

Collection of Data

Analysis of Data

Drawing Conclusion

Replicate the study for Generalization


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Now I am going with Survey research method to solve my problem. In this method

we can describe something usually market characteristics or functions.Survey method

are mostly in use because it less expensive. In this methods we can take large no of

sample.

13.2. Type of research

There are many types of research. There are mainly seven types of research.

Types of research:

Basic Research

Applied Research

Empirical Research

Qualitative Research

Quantitative Research

Longitudinal Research

Historical Research

Now in our problem I will go with applied research.


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13.3. Data type

Which data we use in the research is very important thing. Because all the steps are

right and if we not choose right data than our hall process became wrong.

Two types of data are there.

1. Primary data

2. Secondary data

Primary data means original data, which is use only first time. This data we can take

from natural resources like direct from customers.

Secondary data means this data is already use in past time. In this there are many

types of sources.

Sources of secondary data:

Internal :- 1. Company accounting data

2. Company reports

3. In house journal


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4. Miscellaneous Reports

External:- 1. Computer data base

2. Reports of association

3. Other publication

Now in this report I am using primary data.

13.4. Data Collection tools:

Now in the data collection tools I choose Questionnaire.

Questionnaire is a formalized set of questions aimed at eliciting information regarding

facts, level of knowledge, attitude, needs and motivations. At the level of

standardization of the design of questionnaire.

The cardinal approach to developing a questionnaire is to make it simple and avoid

the inclusion of ambiguous and leading questions.

Steps in the design of a questionnaire.

Information sought

Type of questionnaire

Method of administration


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Form of response

Wording and phrasing of questions

Sequence of questions

Layout of questions

Iteration

Pre testing and revision of questions

13.5. Sampling plan

Sampling Frame:- Customers of the company

Sampling Size:- 50 peoples

Sampling Method:- Simple random sampling

Data analysis techniques to be used:- Questionnaire


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14.DATA ANALYSIS,RESULT AND INTERPRETATION


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INTRODUCTION OF TOPIC

INTRODUCTION :-

Ratio analysis is a widely used tool of financialanalysis.

It is defined as the systematic use of ratio to interpret the financial

statement so that the strengths and weaknesses of a firm as well

assist historical performance and current financial condition

can be determined. The term ratio refers to the numerical or

quantitative relationship between two items/variables.


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Ratio analysis is an important andageoldtechniqueoffinancial

analysis. The data given in financial statements, in absolute form,are

dump and are unable to communicate anything. Ratios are relative

from of financial date and very useful technique to check upon the

efficiency to a firm some ratio indicates the trend or progress or

downfall of the firm.

IMPORTANCE OF RATIO ANALYSIS

Ratio analysis of a firms financial statements is of interest to a number of parties,mainly, shareholders, creditors, financial executive etc. the importance of ratio analysisare discussed below in brief:

They act as an index of the efficiency of the enterprise. As

such they serve as an instrument of management control.

Ratio analysis helps in making effective control of the

business measuring performance control of cost etc.

Ratio analysis is an effective instrument which, when properly

used, is useful to assess important characteristics of business liquidity,


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solvency, profitability.

The communications by the use of simplified and summarized ratios

are more easy and understandable.

Itthrowslighothedegreeofefficiencyofthemanagementandutilizationof

the assets and that is why it is called surveyor of efficiency. They help

management in decision making.

Ratio highlights the factors associated with successful and

unsuccessful firms. If comparison shows an unfavorable variance,

corrective action can be initiated. Thus, it helps the management to take

corrective action.

Ratio analysis is an invaluable aid to management in the

discharge of its basic function such as planning, forecasting, control

etc.

They point out firms liquidity position to meet its short term

obligations and long term solvency.

It facilitates the management to know whether the firms

financial position is improving or deteriorating by setting a trend with

the help of ratios.

LIMITATIONS OF RATIO ANALYSIS :-

Different firms may use these terms in different senses or the

same firm may use them to mean different things at different times.

Some of the limitations of the ratio analysis are given below.

Ratio are tools of quantitative analysis only and normally

quantitative factors which may generally influence the conclusions

derived, are ignored which computing ratios.

A signal ratio would not be able to convey anything. Ratio can be

useful only when they are computed in deficienlargenumber.


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When inter firm comparison is made theydiffer substantially in age,

size, nature ofproduct etc. At inter firm comparison, these factors are

not considered. Therefore, ratio analysis cannot give satisfactory results.

Ratioanalysis is use for

useforlimitseie.

Ratio are only means of financial analysis but not and end in themselves.

Window dressing means manipulation of accounts in a way so as

to conceal vital facts and present the statements in away to show better

position than what it actually is by doing so, it is possible to cover up

bad financial position. Therefore, ratios based on such figures are nor

reliable.

It should be clearly noted that ratio are only tools and personal

judgment of analyst is more important.

Ratios are computed on the bias of past result. Past is not indictor of

future. Ratios computed from historical data are used for predicting

and projecting the likely events in the future.

LIQUIDITY RATIO

1. CURRENT RATIO

(Amount in Rs.)

Current Ratio

Year Current Assets Current Liabilities Ratio

2003 58,574,151 7,903,952 7.41


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2004 69,765,346 31,884,616 2.19

2005 72,021,081 16,065,621 4.48

2006 91,328,208 47,117,199 1.94

2007 115,642,068 30,266,661 3.82

Interpretation

As a rule, the current ratio with 2:1 (or) more is considered

as satisfactory position of the firm.

When compared with 2006, there is an increase in the

provision for tax, because the debtors are raised and for that the provision

is created. The current liabilities majorly included Lanco Group of

company for consultancy additional services.

The sundry debtors have increased due to the increase to

corporate taxes.

In the year 2006, the cash and bank balance is reduced because that is

used for payment of dividends. In the year 2007, the loans and

Favrourite Ceramic Pvt.ltd.

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