Fault Tolerance in Wireless Sensor Networks

A Presentation on

Fault Tolerance in Wireless Sensor Networks

by

Constrained Delaunay Triangulation Coverage Strategy

Under Guidance of: Presented by :-

Prof. Dr. Santosh Kumar Swain Ramnesh Dubey

Dept. of Computer science & Engg. Branch: M. Tech.(CSE) KIIT University Roll no: 1050013

1

Outline

1. Introduction 2. Literature Survey 3. Motivation 4. Problem Definition 5. Objective 6. Proposed Work 7. Simulation Result 8. Comparison 9. Conclusion 10. Future Work 11. References

2

Introduction

A wireless sensor network is composed by a large number of sensor

sensing self-powered nodes.

Advances in wireless Communications

Development of sensor nodes, with sensing, data processing, and communicating components:

low cost

low dimension

low power consumption

low memory

low computational power

Sensing Computing

Communication

3

Introduction (Contd.)

4

Energy Efficiency

Deployed Sensor network

Fault tolerant: The system should be robust against node failure.

Coverage

Literature Survey

• Coverage in WSNs:

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Coverage

Type Deployment

Strategies Event

Transfer Radii

Fault Tolerance

Energy Efficiency

Target Coverage

Area coverage

Variable Fixed

Literature Survey (Contd.)

6

Literature Survey (Contd.) Coverage Strategies

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Coverage Strategies

Force Based Grid Based Computational

Geometry Based

Triangular Lattice

Square Grid

Hexagonal Grid

Voronoi Diagram

Delaunay Triangulation

Constrained Delaunay Triangulation

Motivation • Coverage strategies proposed so far do not facilitate

fault tolerance and energy efficiency together.

• Sensor networks are energy constrained as they are battery operated, but in addition to provide fault tolerant coverage, the energy efficiency of the network must be maintained.

• K - coverage mechanisms proposed in the literature are not energy efficient as several sensors report simultaneously, leading to excessive energy consumption, congestion, and collisions in the network.

• This reduces the quality of service and network performance.

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Problem Definition

To incorporate in Coverage strategy

• Event Reporting.

• Energy Efficiency.

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Objective

My objective is to enhances a fault tolerant coverage protocol that incorporate.

• Event reporting with the help of additional support structure and

• Energy efficiency by reducing the communication.

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Proposed Work

11

Deployment

Coverage

Constrained Delaunay Triangulation Algo.

Backup Coverage

Distributed Greedy Algo.

And Selection of Backup node

Proposed Work (Contd.)

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Proposed Work (Contd.) Distributed Greedy Algo.

• Procedure 2-COVERAGE (S [ ]) • S [ ] is the set of sensor nodes deployed • R is the region to be covered • snode ← S[x] : x is randomly selected node • while (R is not Covered) do • dbl[i]← snode • snode← broadcast() • snode ←recv() • snode ←maxBenifit() • i ←i+1 • end while • end procedure

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Proposed Work (Contd.) Algorithm for Constrained Delaunay

triangulation CDT

1.Construct DT, set color of each node to WHITE, and

broadcast all its 1-hop neighbor information using the packet Neighbor_Packet.

2.Nodes having lowest id among its 2-hop neighbors set their color to BLACK.

3. Each BLACK node chooses a set N of nodes from its 1-hop neighbors using the following method.

(a) N = empty (b) n1 = farthest neighbor (c) N = N ᴜ n1

(d) for i = 2, 3,. . .

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Proposed Work (Contd.) Algorithm for Constrained Delaunay

triangulation CDT

{

ni = choose ith farthest neighbour

if ni makes more than 60 degree angle with

n1, n2, . . . , ni - 1

then N = N ᴜ ni

}

4. Each BLACK node add the constraint edges to the nodes in N and broadcasts these constraint

edges information using the message Constraint _Packet.

5. Each WHITE node sets its color = BROWN if it is other end of any constrained edges received using Constraint _Packet.

6. Each BROWN node broadcasts its constraint edge information using the control packet Constraint _Packet.

7. All WHITE and BROWN nodes remove edges connected to it which crosses constraint

edged, this information is broadcasted using Edge cross _Packet.

8. Each-BLACK node places a new edge from the WHITE nodes, from which the edge was

deleted in the previous step to from new triangles. 16

Proposed Work (Contd.) Selection of Backup Nodes Algo.

• Procedure: BK SELECT (dbl [ ]) • • dbl [ ] is the set of sensor nodes providing 2Coverage • • Neighbors [ ] is the set of Triangle Neighbors of each node • • i ←0 • while i ≠ dbl.end() do • • if dbl[i].area() ≡ Neighbors [ ].area() then • backup[ j] ← dbl[i] • PotPri[] ←nearest(Neighbors[],backup[ j]) • PotPri[] ←median(Neighbors[],backup[ j]) • i ← i+1 • end if • end while • while i ≠ PotPri.end() do • if PotPri.area() ≡ Neighbors [ ].area() then • backup[] ←PotPri[i] • erase(PotPri[i]) • end if • end while • end procedure

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18

• Selection of Backup Nodes:


• Backup Node Functionality:

Event Detection

Backup Reporting

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• Event Reporting

a. Several nodes detecting and reporting events to common forwarder.

b. A node and its forwarder detecting the event. c. Channel access issues.

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21

• Event Reporting Handle the all three challenges

Simulation Result Simulation Environment

Parameter Low Power Value High Power Value

Number of nodes 50 50

Area Range (m*m) 1000 1000

Transmission range (m) 195 195

Data Packet size 512 512

Bandwidth (Kbps) 2.4 100

Transmit power (mW) 14.88 660

Receive power (mW) 12.50 395

Idle power (mW) 12.36 350

sleep power (mW) 1.4 300

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Simulation Result (Contd.)

• Throughput Low Power

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• Throughput High Power

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• Packet Drop Rate Low Power

25


• Packet Drop Rate High Power

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• Average Packets End to End Delay Low Power

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Simulation Result Cont.

• Average Packets End to End Delay High Power

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Simulation Result (Contd.) Fault Node / Active Node

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Simulation Result (Contd.) Fault Node / Active Node

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Simulation Result (Contd.) Energy (Low Power/ High Power)

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Comparison Delaunay Triangulation Vs. Constrained

Delaunay Triangulation

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Comparison (Contd.) Delaunay Triangulation Vs. Constrained

Delaunay Triangulation S.No. Features Delaunay

Triangulation Coverage strategy

Constrained Delaunay Triangulation Coverage strategy

1 Simulation Scenario Matlab Matlab

2 Numbers of Nodes

50 50

3 Area 1000 1000

4 Dimensions 2D 2D

5 Distance Computed Formula

6 Sensors Communicate Condition

Distance Sensing Range

Distance Sensing Range

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Comparison Cont.

S.No. Features Delaunay Triangulation Coverage strategy

Constrained Delaunay Triangulation Coverage strategy

7 Coverage

Optimization Coverage Area Coverage

8 Sensing Range

Irregular Sensing Range Regular Sensing Range

9 Strategy

Geometry Based Geometry Based

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Comparison (Contd.) Delaunay Triangulation

Other Related Work

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Comparison Cont. Constrained Delaunay Triangulation

36

Comparison (Contd.) Constrained Delaunay Triangulation

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Conclusion

To provide quality service by coverage strategy, there arises a need for developing protocols to provide.

• Fault tolerance.

• Event reporting and

• Maintain energy efficiency.

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Future Work

• Better mechanisms in choosing the minimal number of nodes for our Coverage Strategy.

• Lowering the contention in the Network.

• Low latency.

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Dissertation

R.Dubey, S.K.Swain, C.P.Kashayp, R.Bera “Fault Tolerance in Wireless Sensor Networks Using Constrained Delaunay Triangulation”, International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (ICEECS), IRNet, April 2012.

• R.Dubey, S.K.Swain, N.S.Mandal, C.M.Mourya, “Constrained Delaunay Triangulation for Wireless Sensor Networks", Elsevier Ad Hoc Networks,2012.( Communicated)

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Fault Tolerance in Wireless Sensor Networks

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