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Fast Track Repair

Materials and Methods

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Fast Track

New Technology

for mix designs

Sequencing

methodology

Innovative Bidding

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Need for Fast-Track

Expedite construction Minimize airport traffic

disruption

Minimize revenue loss Toll facilities

Businesses

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Fast-Track

A series of techniques that decrease concrete

pavement construction/rehabilitation time It is a system!

Current Definition:

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Planning Considerations

Traffic management

Fast track materials selection Fast track construction

Team coordination

Emergency planning

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Traffic Management

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Traffic Management Scenarios

Night Time Closures

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Project Components to Modify

for Fast-Track

Planning & Specifications Concrete Materials

Jointing & Sealing Procedures Concrete Curing & Temperature

Management Procedures

Strength Testing Methods

Traffic Opening Requirements

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Planning & SpecificationsPossible Changes for Fast-Track

Use partnering-based project management

Consider night construction

Use innovative equipment & materials Consider more than one concrete mixture

Provide multiple options for contractors

(not step-by-step procedures)

Use incentives and disincentives

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Site Rental Contractingfor Fast-Track

Cost-plus-time (A+B) Bid Project Cost

Bid Time Continuous site rental

Bid like a completion-date contract

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Material Considerations

for Fast-Track

Rapid early strength gain

Long-term strength

Freeze-thaw durability

Workability

Abrasion Resistance

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MaterialsPossible Changes for Fast-Track

Try different cement types Type I, II, or III

Special blended cements

Use helpful admixtures

Keep water-cementitious ratio below 0.43

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Mix Proportioningfor Fast-Track

No specific proportions

Most local materials acceptable

Verify compatibility of components in lab

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Mix Proportions from Actual

Fast-Track ProjectsRunway Ext.

Dane Co.

WisconsinMaterial

Cement Type

Cement (lbs/yd3)

Fly ash (lbs/yd3)

Coarse Agg. (lbs/yd3)

Fine Agg. (lbs/yd3)

W/C Ratio

AE Admixture

Other Admixtures

Type III

863

0

1154

1541

0.455

Yes

WR-Type A

US-71BOL

Storm Lake

Iowa

US-81 Recon.

Menominee

Nebraska

Interchange

I-90 & SR-832

Pennsylvania

Type III

837

92 (Class C)

2216

1476

0.45

Yes

WR-Type A

Type III

800

0

1176

2733

0.423

Yes

WR-Type F

Type I

982

0

2253

1284

0.37

Yes

SRA-Type D

WR-Type F

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Flexural Strengths for Actual

Fast-Track Projects

Hours After Placement

Flex

ura

lStrengt

h(MPa

)

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 7000

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

89

0100200300

400

500

600

700800

900

1,000

1,100

1,200

1,300

Hours After Placement

Flexura

lStreng

th(MPa

)

Fle

xura

lStreng

th(ps

i)

0 6 12 18 240

1

2

3

4

5

6

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

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Mix Proportions for Fast-Track

ProjectsVDOT

6hr Mix

Material

Cement Type

Cement (lbs/yd3)

Fly ash (lbs/yd3)

Coarse Agg. (lbs/yd3)

Fine Agg. (lbs/yd3)

W/C Ratio

AE Admixture

Other Admixtures

Type II

850

0

1740

1039

0.294

Yes

WR-Type A

VDOT

6hr Mix

MdSHA

12hr Mix

Type II

800

0

1748

1076

0.313

Yes

WR-Type A

Type I

800

0

Not Specified

Not Specified

0.45

Required

WR-Yes

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Portland Cementfor Fast-Track

Different cements react differently

Heat generation important

Fineness of grind influential Type I: Blaine fineness 300-400 m2/kg

Type III: Blaine fineness 500-600 m2

/kg Tricalcium Silicate (C3S) content important

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Contribution of Cement Compounds

Time (days)

Comp

ress

ive

Streng

th(M

Pa

)

0 20 40 60 80 100 1200

10

20

30

40

50

60

0

2

4

6

8

C2S

C3A + CSH2

C4AF + CSH2

C3S

Compre

ss

ive

Stre

ng

th(100

0ps

i)

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Supplementary Cementing Materials

for Fast-Track

Tend to slow initial set! Act as fine particle fillers for workability

Fly ash Type C

Type F

GGBFS

Very temperature sensitive

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Chemical Admixturesfor Fast-Track

Air-entraining Water-reducing

Improves workability at constant water content

Reduces necessary water by dispersing

cement particles

Accelerating Increases reaction rate of C3A

Chloride vs. non-chloride

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Curing & Temperature ManagementPossible Changes for Fast-Track

Specify blanket curing

Monitor concrete temperature

Control concrete temperature with

heated water

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Curing Compoundfor Fast-Track

Do not delay application!

Application rate

Normal: 5.00 m2/L Fast-track: 3.75 m2/L

Overlay: 2.50 m2

/L

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Temperature Managementfor Fast-Track

Aid strength development Understand sawing window

Avoid cracking

Benefits:

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Blanket Insulationfor Fast-Track

Place after spraying curing compound Reduce loss of hydration heat

Lessen effects of: Air temperature Solar radiation

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Blanket Insulation Effects

SurfaceTemperature,

F

1:00 5:00 1:00 9:00

10

20

30

40

50

60

50

70

90

110

130

150

SurfaceTem

peratur

e,

C

9:00 5:00

Time

pm am

Blanket Insulation

No Insulation

Air

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Temperature and Plastic Shrinkage

Primary cause: rapid surface evaporation Factors:

Air temperature

Relative humidity

Wind velocity

Concrete temperature Potential greater when Tconcrete > Tair

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Temperature and Plastic Shrinkage

Pave in evening or nighttime

Water mist aggregate stockpiles

Use resin-based Type 2/Class B curing

compound

To reduce evaporation:

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Strength TestingPossible Changes for Fast-Track

Use non-destructive methods Supplement cylinders and beams

Replace cylinders and beams

Use Concrete maturity Monitor concrete temperature and strength

Use Pulse-velocity Monitor strength

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Maturity Testing

Internal temperature of concrete relatesdirectly to concrete strength

Develop correlation curve in lab Precision to baseline cylinders: 5%

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Maturity Testing

Temperature-Time Factor, M(t)

Com

press

iveS

treng

th(MPa

)

0 100 200 300 400 5000

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

0

100

200

300

400

500M(t) = (Ta-To) t

M(t) = temperature-time factor

t = time interval

Ta = average concrete temp.

To = datum temp. (-10oC)

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Pulse Velocity Testing

Velocity of sound wave from transducer

to receiver through concrete relates toconcrete strength

Develop correlation curve in lab Precision to baseline cylinders: 10%

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Pulse Velocity

12

C

ompress

ive

Streng

th(MPa

)

2 4 6 8 10 12 140

2

4

6

8

10

0

500

1,00

1,50

Pulse Velocity (1000 m/s)

0 1 2 3 4

(1000 ft/s)

Semi-direct

mode

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Traffic OpeningPossible Changes for Fast-Track

Revise criteria from time to strength

Channel early loads away from slab edges

Restrict early use to lesser loading

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Fast Track Summary

Fast-Track works for all types of concrete pavement Start by considering fast-track in planning

Use specifications that give contractors options Consider more than one mix

Use innovative equipment Use non-destructive testing