Fascists and Communists30.2 |The response to misery

The Soviet Union

From 1917 – 1991 The most durable 20th century authoritarian government

Seized power through revolution Not nationalistic, as it was an ideology

Exportable: Western fears of “Red Scare” A dictatorship of the proletariat

Cheka War Communism: economic central planning

State-owned industry and collectivization

Early Problems and Division

Disdain of central planning Strikes in 1920 and 1921(peasants and workers)

Lenin’s New Economic Policy 1921 Allowed for some private economic enterprise Made a land of small farms and businesses

Stroke 1922 and death 1924 Joseph Stalin v. Leon Trotsky

Internal development v. global revolution Lenin suggested Stalin be dismissed: Stalin destroyed evidence

Reforming Russia

“Socialism in one country” 1924 Russian advancement was popular Trotsky outlawed in 1929: murdered in 1940

The 5-Year Plan 1928 and the Great Depression Rapid industrialization Collectivization 1929

Ukrainian kulaks fight the system C. 10 million deaths and millions more to gulags

Success however: 1928-1940 saw a 400% industrial increase Stalin’s purges

Paranoia led to executions of an estimated millions: issues

Fascism Rises

Fearing the spread of the “red” Ultra-nationalist states would rise

Fascism (the fasces) Stop the spread of bolshevism: assist middle-class/small farmers Single-party dictatorships with nationalistic cause

Social unrest in Italy 1919-21 Fear of communist revolution Fascists support conservative control in the north Benito Mussolini’s party supports this “order”

Fascist Italy

Fascist popularity in the north led to A view of fascism as a solution Mussolini elected prime minister by the king

Use of dictatorial power to control society Use of terrorism to control opponents

Heavy use of propaganda