Fasciola hepatica Jeremy Leibfried Tyler Gronli. Introduction Phylum: Platyhelminthes Phylum:...
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Transcript of Fasciola hepatica Jeremy Leibfried Tyler Gronli. Introduction Phylum: Platyhelminthes Phylum:...
Fasciola Fasciola hepaticahepatica
Jeremy LeibfriedJeremy Leibfried
Tyler GronliTyler Gronli
IntroductionIntroduction
• Phylum: PlatyhelminthesPhylum: Platyhelminthes
• Flat wormFlat worm
• Liver flukeLiver fluke
• Effects sheep, cattle, and sometimes Effects sheep, cattle, and sometimes humanshumans
Interesting FactsInteresting Facts
• Eggs found in mummiesEggs found in mummies
• 11stst fluke or trematode to be reported fluke or trematode to be reported– 1379 Reported in Publication (1379 Reported in Publication (Le Bon Le Bon
BergerBerger))
• 11stst discovered in sheep discovered in sheep
F. hepaticaF. hepatica
• Definitive host:Definitive host:– SheepSheep– CattleCattle– Humans (Accidental)Humans (Accidental)– Other MammalsOther Mammals
• Intermediate hostIntermediate host– Fresh Water SnailFresh Water Snail
• Geographic RangeGeographic Range– Cosmopolitan; anywhere sheep and cattle are Cosmopolitan; anywhere sheep and cattle are
raisedraised
MorphologyMorphology
• Adult flukeAdult fluke– Flat leaf like bodyFlat leaf like body– 20-30mm long20-30mm long– 8-15mm wide8-15mm wide
Site of InfectionSite of Infection
• Ingestion MetacercariaeIngestion Metacercariae
• Ex-cyst in DuodenumEx-cyst in Duodenum
• Burrows through Intestinal WallBurrows through Intestinal Wall
• Enters Peritoneal CavityEnters Peritoneal Cavity
• Migrates to LiverMigrates to Liver
EggEggMiracidiMiracidi
aa
CercariaeCercariae MetacercarMetacercariaeiae
SymptomsSymptoms
• Abdominal PainAbdominal Pain• AnemiaAnemia• Hepatic TendernessHepatic Tenderness• Hepatomegaly resulting from EdemaHepatomegaly resulting from Edema• Intermittent FeverIntermittent Fever• JaundiceJaundice• LethargyLethargy• NauseaNausea• Prolonged High FeverProlonged High Fever• Secondary InfectionsSecondary Infections• VomittingVomitting
SymptomsSymptoms
• AcuteAcute– More common in sheepMore common in sheep– 10,000+ Metacercariea consumed at one time10,000+ Metacercariea consumed at one time– Dramatic Liver Inflamation, Frequently Resulting in DeathDramatic Liver Inflamation, Frequently Resulting in Death
• ChronicChronic– More Common and Rarely FatalMore Common and Rarely Fatal– Nonspecific SymptomsNonspecific Symptoms
• HalzounHalzoun– Eating raw, infected liverEating raw, infected liver– Infects pharynxInfects pharynx– Causes swelling and obstructs breathingCauses swelling and obstructs breathing
DiagnosisDiagnosis
• Stool SamplesStool Samples– Yellow-Brown EggsYellow-Brown Eggs– Eggs Don’t Show for 4 MonthsEggs Don’t Show for 4 Months
• Duodenal or Biliary AspirateDuodenal or Biliary Aspirate• Antibody TestAntibody Test
– Can detect 2 Weeks After InfectionCan detect 2 Weeks After Infection• UltrasoundUltrasound
– Visualize Adults in Bile DuctVisualize Adults in Bile Duct• CT ScanCT Scan
– Reveals Burrows in LiverReveals Burrows in Liver
TreatmentTreatment
• BithionalBithional– Highly EffectiveHighly Effective– Large DoseLarge Dose– High CostHigh Cost– Long Treatment PeriodLong Treatment Period
• TriclabendazoleTriclabendazole– Easier to UseEasier to Use– 1-2 Oral Doses in 24 hrs1-2 Oral Doses in 24 hrs– Virtually 100% EffectiveVirtually 100% Effective
• SurgerySurgery
Control MethodsControl Methods
• EduactionEduaction– Cheapest and Most Cost Effective WayCheapest and Most Cost Effective Way– Wash Aquatic Vegetables in 6% Vinegar Wash Aquatic Vegetables in 6% Vinegar
for 5-10 minutesfor 5-10 minutes– Better herding practicesBetter herding practices
•Keep herds away from aquatic areasKeep herds away from aquatic areas
• MoluskicideMoluskicide– Controls Intermediate Snail HostControls Intermediate Snail Host