FAO book Low Resolutionsalvatore montinarosa da andrea monakos maT mier ramodenime fotosuraTis...

saxelmZRvanelo

ISSN

181

0-11

19

8

FAO cxovelTa jandacva da warmoeba

Roris afrikuli cxeleba Roris virusuli, hemoragiuli daavadebaa, romelic Cveulebriv

gavrcelebisa da sikvdilianobis maRali doniT xasiaTdeba. cnobilia, rom daavadebam

SeiZleba damangreveli Sedegi iqonios Roris warmoebaze da maT Soris maRali

industrializaciis, mcire komerciul sawarmoTa da SinameurneobaTa doneze, rasac

mohyveba pirutyvisa da xorcis saeqsporto bazrebis daxurva, Roris populaciebis

ganadgureba da saarsebo saSualebaTa dakargva calkeuli adamianebisa da ojaxebis mier.

Roris afrikuli cxeleba cxovelTa erT-erTi im transsasazRvro daavadebaTagania,

romelic yvelaze rTulad eqvemdebareba kontrols imis gamo, rom dResdReobiT mis

winaaRmdeg efeqturi vaqcina ar arsebobs. misi gadacema xdeba pirdapiri kontaqtis gziT

infeqciis matarebel da infeqciisadmi mgrZnobelobis mqone Rorebs Soris da aseve

Ornithodoros saxeobis inficirebuli rbilzurgiani tkipebis meSveobiT. velur bunebaSi am

infeqcias ramdenime rezervuari gaaCnia im adgilebSi, sadac igi endemuri xasiaTisaa.

Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusma xangrZlivi drois ganmavlobaSi SeiZleba SeinarCunos

aqtivoba dabinZurebul garemoSi an Roris xorcis gamoyvanil produqtebSi, romlebic

SeiZleba infeqciis wyarod gadaiqces an xeli Seuwyos daavadebis Soreul manZilebze

gavrcelebas.

daavadeba, romelic e. w. tropikuli afrikis (udabno saharas samxreTiT) udides nawilzea

gavrcelebuli, 1950-iani wlebis bolos Semotanil iqna evropaSi, sadac mis aRmofxvras 30

welze meti dro dasWirda. 1970-ian da 1980-ian wlebSi, daavadebam ramdenime jer iCina Tavi

Crdilo da samxreT amerikis ramdenime qveyanaSi, sadac misi sabolood aRmofxvra mxolod

erovnul da saerTaSoriso doneze gaerTianebuli ZalisxmeviT moxerxda. 2007 wlis Sua

periodSi, Roris afrikuli cxeleba, pirvelad dafiqsirda kavkasiaSi da Semdeg gavrcelda

mTel regionSi, ramac gamoiwvia Roris mwarmoebelTa SeSfoTeba aRmosavleT evropaSi da

mis gareT.

mocemuli saxelmZRvanelo SemuSavda Roris afrikuli cxelebis Sesaxeb 2001 wels

gamoqveynebul saxelmZRvaneloze dayrdnobiT (FAO-s saxelmZRvanelo No. 11), romelSic

Setanil iqna cvlilebebi axlad SeZenili codna-gamocdilebis gaTvaliswinebiT da

evropis qveynebis realobaze morgebis mizniT.

8FAO

saTadarigo gegmebismomzadeba Roris

afrikuli cxelebisaTvis

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9 7 8 9 2 5 9 0 6 4 2 6 1I1196O/1/06.10/500

ISBN 978-92-5-906426-1 ISSN 1810-1119

garekanze:

marcxena suraTi: FAO/p. ankersicentri: FAO/i. hofmanimarjvena suraTi: © j. patriki (Fotolia.com)

mari luisa Ppenridi

vitorio guberti

klaus depneri

xuan lubroti



8

FAO cxovelTa warmoebisa da janmrTelobis

saxelmZRvanelo

gaeros sursaTisa da soflis meurneobis organizaciaTbilisi, 2010

avtorebis Sesaxeb

mari-luisa penriti

tropikuli veterinaruli daavadebebis departementi, veterinarul mecnier-

ebaTa fakulteti, pretoriis universiteti.

pretoira, samxreT afrika

[email protected] guberti

cxovelTa jandacvis samsaxuri, gaeros sursaTisa da soflis meurneobis

organizacia

romi, italia

[email protected] depneri


organizacia

romi, italia

xuan lubroti


organizacia

romi, italia

[email protected]

gamoyenebuli literatura

FAO. 2009 saTadarigo gegmebis momzadeba Roris afrikuli cxelebisaTvis.

redaqtirebuli m.l.penriti, v. guberti, k depneri, x.lubroti

FAO. cxovelTa warmoebisa da jandacvis saxelmZRvanelo No 8 romi

winamdebare masalaSi miTiTebuli daniSnulebebi da prezen taciebi

(moxsenebebi) ar gulisxmobs gaeros sursaTisa da soflis meurneobis

organizaciis raime mosazrebebs, romelic Seexeba ama Tu im qveynis,

teritoriuli erTeulis, qalaqis an misi xelisuflebis iuridiul an

ganviTarebis statuss, agreTve maTi sazRvrebis gansazRvras. specifiuri

kompaniebisa da ama Tu im mwarmoeblebis produqtis (dapatentebulis Tu

daupatentebelis) dasaxeleba ar gulisxmobs, FAO-s mxridan maT mowonebas,

upiratesobis an rekomendaciis micemas sxva anologiur produqtebTan

SedarebiT.

winamdebare masalaSi gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi aris avtoriseuli da

SesaZloa ar gamoxatavdes FAO-s Sexedulebebs.

ISBN 978-92-5-906426-1

yvela ufleba daculia. winamdebare masalis reproducireba da gavrceleba

saganmanaTleblo da arakomerciuli miznebiT nebadarTulia da aRiarebuli

saavtoro uflebis mflobelebisgan, winaswari werilobiTi nebarTvis gareSe.

winamdebare masalis reproducireba xelaxali gayidvisTvis an sxva

komerciuli miznebiT, akrZalulia saavtoro uflebebis mflobelTa

winaswari werilobiTi nebarTvis gareSe.

aseTi nebarTvis misaRebad, gTxovT mimarToT gancxadebiT

mTavar eleqtronul sagamomcemlo kompanias da damxmare filials

FAO-s komunikaciis ganyofileba:

Vialle della Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy or by email to: [email protected] FA

© FAO 2009 (English edition)© FAO 2010 (Georgian edition)

iii

sarCevi

winasityvaoba viimonawileebi ixakronimebi da abreviaturebi xi

Tavi 1 Roris afrikuli cxelebisTvis erovnuli sagangebo gegmis

SemoTavazebuli formati da Sinaarsi 1

daavadebis buneba 1

riskis analizi Roris afrikuli cxelebisTvis 1

daavadebis prevenciis strategiebi 2

winaswari gafrTxilebis sagangebo gegma 2

Roris afrikuli cxelebis kontrolisa da aRmofxvris strategiebi 2

organizaciuli xasiaTis RonisZiebebi Roris afrikul cxelebasTan

dakavSirebiT Seqmnili sagangebo mdgomareobisTvis 3

damxmare gegmebi 3

samoqmedo gegmebi 3

danarTebi 3

Tavi 2 daavadebis buneba 5

ganmarteba 5

Roris afrikuli cxelebis gavrceleba msoflioSi 5

etiologia 6

epidemiologiuri niSnebi 6

klinikuri niSnebi 10

paTologia 13

imuniteti 14

diagnozi 14

Tavi 3 riskis analizi Roris afrikuli cxelebisTvis 19

Sesavali 19

riskis analizis principebi 19

vin unda ganaxorcielos riskis analizi? 20

riskis Sefaseba Roris afrikuli cxelebisTvis 21

riskis Sefasebis mniSvneloba Roris afrikuli cxelebis sagangebo

gegmebis momzadebisTvis 23

sasargeblo meTodologiis Sesaxeb Semdgomi wasakiTxi masala: 23

Tavi 4 Roris afrikuli cxelebis prevenciis strategiebi 23

Sesavali 23

importis sakarantino politika 24

kontroli salafaviT kvebaze 24

Rorebis Caketil pirobebSi Senaxva 25

iv

Tavi 5 daavadebis Sesaxeb winaswari gafrTxileba da Roris afrikuli

cxelebisTvis sagangebo RonisZiebaTa dagegmva 27

Sesavali 27

cxovelTa jandacvis sferos muSakTa specialuri momzadeba

daavadebis adreul etapze amocnobis da sadiagnostiko nimuSebis

Segrovebisa da gagzavnis sakiTxebSi 29

fermerTa informirebis/ganaTlebis programebi 30

sadiagnostiko jgufis specialistebi 31

laboratoruli diagnostikis SesaZleblobebi 32

saerTaSoriso laboratoriebi da TanamSromlobis centrebi 32

Tavi 6 Roris afrikuli cxelebiT gamowveuli sagangebo mdgomareobisas,

reagirebis RonisZiebaTa dagegmva adreul etapze 35

Sesavali 35

epidemiologiuri maxasiaTeblebi, romlebic gavlenas axdens

Roris afrikuli cxelebis kontrolis, likvidaciis an aRmofxvris

strategiebze 36

Roris afrikuli cxelebis aRmofxvris strategiebi 37

zonireba 40

inficirebuli zonebi 41

zedamxedvelobis (kontrolis) zonebi 42

Roris afrikuli cxelebisgan Tavisufali zonebi 42

Rorebis xelaxla moSeneba 50

Roris afrikuli cxelebis kontrolis/aRmofxvris RobisZiebaTa

warmatebisTvis gadamwyveti faqtorebi 52

Roris afrikuli cxelebis aRmofxvrisa da qveynis, zonis an regionis

doneze daavadebisgan ganTavisuflebis faqtis dadastureba 53

Tavi 7saorganizacio RonisZiebebi Roris afrikuli cxelebisTvis

SemuSavebuli sagangebo sainformacio kampaniis dros 57

funqciebi da mmarTveli struqturebi 57

sakonsultacio komiteti cxovelTa sagangebo daavadebebTan

dakavSirebul sakiTxebSi 58

cxovelTa daavadebis kontrolis erovnuli centri 59

cxovelTa daavadebis kontrolis adgilobrivi centrebi 60

Tavi 8 damxmare gegmebi 63

finansuri gegma 63

resursebis dagegmva 64

kanonmdebloba 67

Tavi 9 samoqmedo gegma 69

gamoZiebis faza 69

Setyobinebis (gangaSis) faza 71

samoqmedo faza 72

v

informaciis Setyobineba 72

politikuri mxardaWeris mopoveba 72

sazogadoebis informirebis kampania 73

Rorebis dakvla, ganadgureba da dekonteminacia 73

Rorebis gadaadgilebis prevencia 74

meTvalyureobis warmoeba Roris afrikuli cxelebisTvis 75

RonisZiebaTa dasrulebis faza 75

Tavi 10 kadrebis specialuri momzadeba, testireba da sagangebo gegmebSi

cvlilebebisa Setana 77

saimitacio swavleba 77

kadrebis specialuri momzadeba 77

Roris afrikuli cxelebisTvis SemuSavebul sagangebo gegmebSi

cvlilebebis regularulad Setana 78

danarTi 1 FAO-sa da cxovelTa jandacvis msoflio organizaciis

laboratoriebi Roris afrikuli cxelebisTvis 79

vii

winasityvaoba

Roris afrikuli cxeleba Roris erT-erTi yvelaze seriozuli trans-

sasazRvro daavadebaa RorebSi letalurobis maRali donisa da kidev

imis gamo, rom mas mZime socialur-ekonomikuri Sedegebi mohyveba, igi

swrafad da moulodnelad vrceldeba mTeli msoflios masStabiT da mis

winaaRmdeg arc mkurnalobis saSualeba da arc vaqcina ar arsebobs.cxovelTa da mcenareTa mavneblebisa da transsasazRvro daavadebe-

bisTvis sagangebo prevenciul RonisZiebaTa sistemis (EMPRES) mizneb-

isTvis, transsasazRvro cxovelTa daavadebebi ganimarteba rogorc

daavadebebi, romlebsac mravali qveynisTvis didi mniSvneloba aqvs

ekonomikuri, savaWro da sakvebis usafrTxoebis TvalsazrisiT; daavade-

bebi, romlebic iolad vrceldeba erTi qveynidan meoreSi da SeiZleba ep-

idemiaSi gadaizardos; da daavadebebi, romlis kontroli, marTva da maT

Soris gamoricxvac, saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobas moiTxovs. cxovelTa

jandacvis msoflio organizaciis (OIE) xmeleTis cxovelTa janmrTelo-

bis dacvis kodeqsSi, Roris afrikuli cxeleba Setanilia daavadebaTa “a”

CamonaTvalSi, romlebic gansazRvrulia rogorc “gadamcemi daavadebe-

bi, romlebic xasiaTdeba seriozuli SedegebiT da swrafad gavrceleb-

is unariT, miuxedavad saxelmwifo sazRvrebisa; Zalze mniSvnelova-

nia ekonomikur-socialuri an adamianis janmrTelobis TvalsazrisiT;

udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs cxovelebiT da cxoveluri warmoSobis produ-

qtebiT saerTSoriso vaWrobisTvis”.

mocemuli saxelmZRvanelo uzrunvelyofs informacias Roris afriku-

li cxelebis bunebisa da am daavadebis prevenciis, amocnobis, kontrolisa

da aRmofxvris principebisa da strategiuli gadawyvetilebebis Sesaxeb.

igi uzrunvelyofs saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebs daavadebis kontrolisa

da aRmofxvris saerTo erovnuli politikis CamoyalibebasTan dakavSire-

biT im calkeuli qveynebisTvis, romlebic Roris afrikuli cxelebis ga-

vrcelebis safrTxis winaSe dganan. saxelmZRvanelo gansazRvravs im vet.

personals, aRWurvilobasa da dawesebulebebs, romlebic gaTvaliswineb-

uli unda iyos Roris afrikuli cxelebisTvis SemuSavebul erovnul sa-

gangebo gegmaSi. igi gvTavazobs Roris afrikuli cxelebisTvis erovnuli

sagangebo gegmis savaraudo formatsa da Sinaarss, romelSic Setanili

unda iyos cvlilebebi calkeuli qveynebis saWiroebebsa da garemoe-

bebTan mosargebad. mocemuli saxelmZRvanelo SemuSavda cxoevlTa jan-

dacvis msoflio organizaciis xmeleTis cxovelTa jandacvis moqmedi

kodeqsis debulebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT. mizanSewonili iqneba mocemuli

saxelmZRvanelos gamoyeneba cxovelTa daavadebebTan dakavSirebiT

Seqmnili sagangebo situaciisTvis mzadyofnis erovnuli gegmebis mom-

zadebis Sesaxeb FAO-s saxelmZRvanelosTan erTad, romelSic 2008 wels

Setanil iqna cvlilebebi da Sesworebebi.

mocemul saxelmZRvanelosTan erTad rekomendebulia informaciis

Semdegi wyaroebis gamoyeneba:

� avstraliis veterinaruli gegma (AUSVETPLAN) daavadebasTan

brZolis strategia: Roris afrikuli cxeleba, meore gamocema. 1996

w. kanbera. avstraliisa da axali zelandiis soflis meurneobisa da

resursebis marTvis sabWo.

viii

� xmeleTis cxovelTa jandacvis kodeqsi: ZuZumwovrebi, frinvelebi

da futkrebi. 2007 w. tomi 2. parizi, OIE. � saxelmZRvanelo cxovelTa daavadebebTan dakavSirebiT Seqmnili

sagangebo situaciisTvis mzadyofnis erovnuli sagangebo gegmebis

momzadebis Sesaxeb, meore gamocema. 2008 w. saxelmZRvanelo # 6 cx-

ovelTa janmrTelobis dacvis Sesaxeb. romi, FAO.� saxelmZRvanelo saqonlis daavadebaTa meTvalyureobisa da sain-

formacio sistemebis Sesaxeb. 1999 w. saxelmZRvanelo # 8 cxovelTa

janmrTelobis dacvis Sesaxeb. romi, FAO.� saxelmZRvanelo cxovelTa likvidaciis meSveobiT daavadebaTa aR-

mofxvris procedurebis Sesaxeb. 2001 w. saxelmZRvanelo # 12 cxov-

elTa janmrTelobis dacvis Sesaxeb. romi, FAO.� penriti, m.l., tomsoni, j.r. da bastosi, a.d.s., 2004 w. Roris afri-

kuli cxeleba. j.a.v. kocerisa da r.c. tustinis redaqciaSi. piruty-

vis infeqciuri daavadebebi, meore gamocema, tomi. 2, gv. 1087–1119.

keiptauni, samxreT afrika, oqsfordis universitetis gamocema.

� Roris afrikuli cxelebis amocnoba –saxelmZRvanelo savele

pirobebSi gamoyenebisTvis. 2000 w. saxelmZRvanelo # 9 cxovelTa

janmrTelobis Sesaxeb. romi, FAO.

mocemul saxelmZRvaneloSi regularulad iqneba Setanili cvlile-

bebi, SeZenili gamocdilebis gaTvaliswinebiT. saxelmZRvaneloSi Sesatan

cvlielebTan dakavSirebiT Tqveni mosazrebebiTa da rekomendaciebiT

mimarTeT:

EMPRES (cxovelTa jandacva)FAO-s cxovelTa janmrTelobis dacvis samsaxuri

mecxoveleobisa da cxovelTa janmrTelobis dacvis ganyofileba

viale del terme di karakala, 00153 romi, italia

tel.: 39 06 5705 4798/6772;

faqsi: 39 06 5705 3023

el. fosta: [email protected]; URL: www.fao.org/ag/empres.html

ix

monawileebi

mocemuli saxelmZRvanelo warmoadgens Roris afrikuli cxelebisaTvis

sagangebo gegmebis momzadebis Sesaxeb saxelmZRvanelos ganaxlebul versias

(FAO-s saxelmZRvanelo #.11 cxovelTa janmrTelobis dacvis Sesaxeb, 2001 w.),

romelic SemuSavda avstraliis sagangebo veterinaruli gegmis (AUSVETPLAN)formatis safuZvelze da romelSic garkveuli cvlilebebi iqna Setanili.

avtorebi madlobas uxdian doq. preben boisens, devid niakahumas, rojer

paskins, piter rodersa da mark rveiemamus (EMPRES-is mesaqonleobis

ganyofileba, infeqciur daavadebaTa jgufi, cxovelTa jandacvis samsaxuri,

FAO) maT mier mocemuli saxelmZRvanelos sxvadasxva proeqtebTan dakavSirebiT

SemoTavazebuli sasargeblo rekomendaciebisa da SeniSvnebisaTvis.avtorebi aseve madlobas uxdian doq. gari l. briklers, domeniko rutilis,

salvatore montinarosa da andrea monakos maT mier ramodenime fotosuraTis

uzrunvelyofisTvis.

xi

akronimebi da abreviaturebi

ASF Roris afrikuli cxeleba

ASFV Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusi

AUSVETPLAN avstraliis veterinaruli sagangebo gegma

CCEAD sakonsultacio komiteti cxovelTa daavadebebTan

dakavSirebiT Seqmnili sagangebo situaciebisTvis

CSF Roris klasikuri cxeleba

CVO qveynis mTavari veterianari

DCP saSiSi sakontaqto teritoria

DVS veterinaruli samsaxuris direqtori

EDTA eTilendiaminis tetra-acetil mJava

ELISA fermentTan dakavSirebuli imunoabsorbentuli

analizi

EMPRES sagangebo mdgomareobis prevenciis sistema

transsasazRvro cxovelTa da mcenareTa

mavneblebisa da daavadebebisTvis

FAO gaeros sursaTisa da soflis meurneobis organizacia

FMD Turquli

GPS globaluri pozicionirebis sistema

IATA sahaero transportis saerTaSoriso asociacia

IP inficirebuli teritoriebi

NGO arasamTavrobo organizacia

OIE cxovelTa jandacvis msoflio organizacia (�� )

PCR polimerazas jaWvuri reaqcia

PDNS Roris dermatiti/nefropaTiuri sindromi

PRRS Roris reproduqciuli da respiratoruli sindromi

SS Svaiger-sideli

TAD transsasazRvro cxovelTa daavadeba

TADinfo transsasazRvro cxovelTa daavadebis Sesaxeb

informirebis sistema

WAHID cxovelTa jandacvis msoflio sainformacio

monacemTa baza

WHO msoflio jandacvis organizacia

1

Tavi 1

Roris afrikuli cxelebisTvis

erovnuli sagangebo gegmis

SemoTavazebuli formati da Sinaarsi

sagangebo gegma Roris afrikuli cxelebisTvis unda warmoadgendes mkafi-

od Camoyalibebul strategiul dokuments, romelSic gansazRvruli iqneba

Roris afrikul cxelebasTan dakavSirebiT Seqmnili sagangebo mdgomareobis

SemTxvevaSi misaRebi zomebi. masSi dawvrilebiT unda iyos aRwerili resurse-

bi, romlebic gamoyenebuli iqneba amgvar sagangebo mdgomareobasTan gasam-

klaveblad. igi aseve unda Seicavdes dawvrilebiT SemuSavebul samoqmedo

gegmas daavadebis myisierad lokalizebisa da infeqciis aRmosafxvrelad

saWiro adamianuri da materialuri resursebis swrafad da efeqturad gamoy-

enebisTvis. marTalia, iseTi sagangebo gegmis modelis Seqmna, romelic sru-

lyofilad moergeboda yvela situacias, SeuZlebelia, magram aq aRwerili sa-

gangebo gegmis SemoTavazebuli formati da Sinaarsi SeiZleba gamoyenebuli

iqnes, rogorc saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebi Roris afrikuli cxelebisTvis

erovnuli sagangebo gegmebis SemuSavebis dros. savaraudod, Roris afri-

kuli cxelebisTvis erovnuli sagangebo gegma unda Seicavdes im elementebs,

roml ebic gamoyofilia winamdebare paragrafebSi.

daavadebis bunebamocemul paragrafSi aRwerili unda iyos Roris afrikuli cxelebis ZiriTadi

niSnebi, rogoricaa:

� etiologia, evolucia da gavrceleba msoflio masStabiT;

� epidemiologiuri maxasiaTeblebi;

� klinikuri niSnebi;

� paTologia;

� imunologia;

� diagnozi: savele, diferencirebuli da laboratoruli.

aRniSnuli aspeqtebis umravlesoba zogadi xasiaTisaa da TiTqmis ucv-

lelad SeiZleba iyos gamoyenebuli, magram zogierTi maTgani SesaZloa

Sesacvleli gaxdes im garemoebaTa asaxvis mizniT, romlebic ama Tu im qveya-

naSi dominirebs.

riskis analizi Roris afrikuli cxelebisTvisriskis analizi mniSvnelovania, radganac igi gviCvenebs ramdenad serio-

zulia qveynisTvis Roris afrikuli cxelebis safrTxe cxovelTa sxva daa-

vadebebTan SedarebiT, sad da ra formiT SeiZleba ganviTardes Roris afri-

kuli cxeleba da rogori Sedegebi SeiZleba mohyves mas. riskis analizi unda

miuTiTebdes RonisZiebebis moculobaze, romelic gasaTvaliswinebelia sa-

gangebo gegmis SemuSavebis dros da unda uzrunvelyofdes safuZvels daa-

saTadarigo gegmebis momzadeba Rorisafrikuli cxelebisaTvis2

vadebis kontrolis SerCeuli strategiebisTvis. riskis analizi Cveulebriv,

oTx komponents Seicavs: riskis an safrTxis gansazRvra, riskis Sefaseba,

riskis Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebi da riskis Sesaxeb yvela dainteresebuli

mxareebis informireba (mwarmoeblebi, praqtikosi veterinarebi, savaWro

partniorebi, ministrebi, vet.muSakebi, momxmareblebi da a.S.).

riskis analizi regularulad ganaxlebas saWiroebs iseTi cvalebadi sa-

gareo da saSinao faqtorebis asaxvis mizniT, rogoricaa erovnuli da msof-

lio ekonomika, saerTaSoriso vaWroba da bazris koniunktura, Roris popu-

laciis simWidrove (gareuli Rorebis CaTvliT), turizmi, cxovelTa jan-

dacvis sistemebsa da samomxmareblo moTxovnebSi momxdari cvlilebebi.

daavadebis prevenciis strategiebidaavadebis prevenciis strategiebi aRweren sakarantino, fermis teritori-

aze biousafrTxoebasa da sxva RonisZiebebs, romlebic unda ganxorcieldes

Roris afrikuli cxelebis qveyanaSi SemoRwevisa da gavrcelebis riskis mini-

mumamde dasayvanad.

winaswari gafrTxilebis sagangebo gegmasagangebo gegmebi unda moicavdes yvela iniciativas, romelic unda ganx-

orcieldes Roris afrikuli cxelebis gamovlenis, daZlevisa da salikvi-

dacio RonisZiebaTa msvlelobis monitoringis uzrunvelsayofad manmade,

vidre igi epidemiaSi gadaizrdeba. es moicavs daavadebis saeWvo SemTxvevis

(SemTxvevebis) ganmartebas; daavadebis dadasturebuli SemTxvevebis gan-

martebas; daavadebaze zedamxedveloba da epidemiologiuri SesaZleblobebi,

rogoricaa daavadebis sagangebo SemTxvevebis Sesaxeb informaciis

Setyobinebis meqnizmebi da cxovelTa janmrTelobis Sesaxeb informirebis

sistemebi; vet.personalis, Roris mwarmoebelTa da bazris SuamavalTa spe-

cialuri momzadeba Roris afrikuli cxelebis amocnobaSi, sazogadoebis in-

formirebis programebi.

Roris afrikuli cxelebis kontrolisa da aRmofxvris strategiebi vaqcinis ar arsebobis pirobebSi, romelime mocemul teritoriaze Roris

afrikuli cxelebis aRmofxvris erTaderT efeqtur strategiad tradici-

isamebr miiCneven daavadebuli pirutyvis likvidacias. daavadebis kontro-

lis mimarT amgvari midgoma sul ufro naklebad misaRebi xdeba gamomdinare

eTikuri, garemosdacviTi, finansuri da praqtikuli mosazrebebidan. marTa-

lia is alternativebi, romlebic misaRebad SeiZleba CiTvalos, kvlavac saka-

maTo sakiTxs warmoadgens, magram cxadia rom arsebuli garemoebebi unda kar-

naxobdes daavadebis kontrolisadmi qveynis mier ama Tu im midgomis arCevans

da sinamdvileSi saerTod arsebobs Tu ara arCevani. am paragrafSi, romelic

sagangebo gegmis mTavar komponents warmoadgens, aRwerili unda iyos rogor

unda miudgeT daavadebis kontrols yvela im faqtoris gaTvaliswinebiT,

romelic ukavSirdeba qveyanaSi Roris warmoebas, distribuciasa da marTvas;

gareuli Rorebis populaciebis arsebobasa da sakontrolo zomebis miRebis

SesaZleblobas. igi unda gviCvenebdes daavadebis aRmofxvris dadasturebis

meqnizmsa da Roris afrikuli cxelebisgan qveynis, zonis an romelime nawi-

lis (raionis, regionis) gaTavsifulebis faqtis damtkicebas saerTaSoriso

standartebis Sesabamisad.

erovnuli sagangebo gegmis SemoTavazebuli formati da Sinaarsi 3

organizaciuli xasiaTis RonisZiebebi Roris afrikul cxelebasTan dakavSirebiT Seqmnili sagangebo mdgomareobisTvisrogorc wesi, erovnuli veterinaruli samsaxurebis administraciuli

struqturebi orientirebulia cxovelTa jandacvis mimdinare erovnuli

programebis ganxorcielebaze da xSirad, sagangebo mdgomareobisas daavde-

bis kontrolisTvis ar arian mzad an saTanadod dafinansebuli. mocemul

paragrafSi aRwerilia organizaciuli xasiaTis RonisZiebebi, romlebic

SemoRebuli unda iqnes Roris afrikul cxelebasTan dakavSirebiT Seqmnili

sagangebo mdgomareobis dros. es miznad isaxavs yvela aucilebeli resursis

efeqturad dakompleqtebas, sagangebo mdgomareobaze reagirebisTvis. aR-

niSnuli RonisZiebebi gansxvavdeba ama Tu im qveynis infrasturqturis, vet.

samsaxurebis SesaZleblobebisa da biurokratuli meqanizmebis mixedviT.

damxmare gegmebidamxmare gegmebi amyareben teqnikur gegmebs. isini moicaven safinanso da

resursebis gegmebsa da aseve kanonmdeblobas. maT arsebiTi mniSvneloba eni-

WebaT da swored isini gansazRvraven daavadebis kontrolis RonisZiebaTa

warmatebas Tu warumateblobas.

samoqmedo gegmebisamoqmedo gegmebSi aRwerilia gegmis fazebis ganxorcielebis meqanizmebi,

Tavdapirveli gamoZiebidan RonisZiebaTa dasrulebis saboloo fazamde;

meqanizmebi, romlebic gamoiyeneba reabilitaciisa da aRdgenis fazebSi; mom-

zadebis procesi mosaxleobis azris gamosakvlevad, erovnul sagangebo geg-

maSi miRebuli gakveTilebis gaTvaliswinebis mizniT.

danarTebiisini unda uzrunvelyofdnen sakontaqto pirebis sias da informacias maT

misamarTebs, ofisisa da mobiluri (fiWuri) telefonis nomrebs, faqsis nom-

rebsa da el. fostis misamarTebs, romlis meSveobiTac maTTan dakavSireba 24

saaTian reJimSi iqneba SesaZlebeli. mniSvnelovania monacemTa periodulad

ganaxleba. amasTan, sagangebo gegmis danarTebSi CarTuli unda iyos Semdegi:

� regionuli da saerTaSoriso laboratoriebi, romelTac SeiZleba Ro-

ris afrikul cxelebasTan dakavSirebiT mimarToT;

� regionuli da saerTaSoriso organizaciebi, romelTac SeiZleba dax-

marebisTvis mimarToT.danarTebi aseve unda Seicavdes informacias cxovelTa jandacvis erovnu-

li kanonebis Sesaxeb da ama Tu im qveyanasTan dakavSirebul sxva monacemebs,

magaliTad Sinauri Rorebis raodenobisa da gavrcelebis agreTve, gareuli

Rorebis populaciebis gavrcelebis Sesaxeb.xazgasmiT unda aRiniSnos, rom winamdebare saxelmZRvanelo uzrunvely-

ofs mxolod CarCo gegmas, romlis mixedviTac SesaZlebeli iqneba Roris af-

rikuli cxelebisTvis erovnuli sagangebo gegmebis SemuSaveba ama Tu im qvey-

anis konkretul garemoebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT.

5

Tavi 2

daavadebis buneba

ganmartebaRoris afrikuli cxeleba - swrafad gadamdebi virusuli daavadebaa, romel-

ic vlindeba rogorc hemoragiuli cxeleba da sikvdilianobis maRali doniT

xasiaTdeba (SeiZleba miaRwios 100%). am daavadebis katastroful Sedegs

Roris warmoebaze rogorc Sinameurneobis, aseve komerciul miznebisTvis,

socialur-ekonomikuri da sakvebis usafrTxoebis TvalsazrisiT seriozu-

li garTulebebi mohyveba. Roris afrikuli cxeleba cxovelTa seriozuli

transsasazRvro daavadebaa, romelic SeiZleba swrafad gavrceldes mTeli

msoflios masStabiT.

Roris afrikuli cxelebis gavrceleba msoflioSi Roris afrikuli cxeleba pirvelad 1921 wels montgomeris mier aris aR-

werili, keniaSi. SemdgomSi ki mis Sesaxeb informacia fiqsirdeba samxreT

da aRmosavleT afrikis qveynebis umetesobaSi, sadac velur bunebaSi viru-

sis matareblebi uZvelesi droidan meWeWiani Rorebi (Phacochoerus aethiopicus) da Ornithodoros moubata-s jgufis tkipebi arian an Sinaur garemoSi, sadac igi

vrceldeba adgilobrivi jiSis RorebSi tkipebis meSveobiT an maT gareSe.1957 wels es daavadeba gavrcelda portugaliaSi, sadac igi savaraudod

angolidan iqna Setanili. miuxedavad imisa, rom maSin daavadebis aRmofxvra

moxerxda, man xelmeored ifeTqa 1959 wels da momdevno aTwleulebSi

mTlianad moicva pireneis naxevarkunZuli da evropis ramodenime sxva qvey-

anaSic gavrcelda maT Soris safrangeTSi, italiaSi, maltaSi, belgiasa da

niderlandebSi. Tumca, Roris afrikulma cxelebam fexi moikida mxolod es-

paneTsa da portugaliaSi, sadac misi sabolood aRmofxvra mxolod 30 wlis

Semdeg moxerxda. daavadeba dRemde endemurad rCeba kunZul sardiniaze

(italia). 1999 wlis bolos daavadebam xelaxla ifeTqa portugaliaSi, Tumca,

amjerad misi daZleva maleve moxerxda.

1977 wels, Roris afrikuli cxeleba gavrcelda kubaSi, sadac mis aR-

mofxvras 400 aTasamde Rori Seewira. 1978 wels, afeTqebebi dafiqsirda bra-

ziliasa da dominikis respublikaSi, 1979 wels - haitsa da 1980 wels - kubaze.

daavadebis aRmofxvra am qveynebSi moxerxda mxolod Rorebis masobrivi ga-

nadgurebis Sedegad. daavadebis afeTqebebi pirvelad evropaSi moxda Tu af-

rikaSi, kvlavac daudgenelia. arsebobs informacia, rom 1977 wels daavadeba

dafiqsirda yofil sabWoTa kavSirSi. pirveli cnobebi dasavleT afrikaSi Roris afrikuli cxelebis viru-

sis Sesaxeb miRebulia senegalidan (1978 w.) da kamerunidan (1982 w.). Tumca,

Semdgom gairkva, rom nigeriaSi daavadebis afeTqebebi 1970-ian wlebSi moxda

da rom kabo-verdeSi virusuli infeqcia 1960 wlidan arsebobs. centraluri

afrikis qveynebidan gavrcelda infeqcia Tu evropidan, sakamaTo sakiTxia.

san-tome da prinsipis garda (kunZulovani saxelmwifo centralur afrika-

Si), sadac misi aRmofxvra 1992 wels moxda, Roris afrikuli cxelebis viru-

si dasavleT afrikis arc erT sxva qveyanaSi 1996 wlamde ar dafiqsirebula.


swored am dros daiwyo pandemia, romlis Sedegadac infeqciam pirvelad iC-

ina Tavi ramodenime qveyanaSi da Roris afrikulma cxelebam xelaxla ifeTqa

rogorc dasavleT, aseve samxreT da aRmosavleT afrikaSi. madagaskarSi vi-

rusi mZvinvarebs 1997/1998 wlebidan, xolo mavrikiaSi infeqcia 2007 wels

gavrcelda. cxadia, rom afrikis mraval saxelmwifoSi Roris afrikuli cx-

elebis virusis maRali aqtivoba, sxva regionebSi infeqciis gavrcelebis saS-

iSroebas warmoadgens.2007 wlis ivnisSi Roris afrikuli cxeleba dafiqsirda saqarTveloSi da

qveynis raionebis umetesoba moicva. oqtombrisTvis, Roris afrikuli cxleba

dadasturda somxeTSi da aseve saqarTvelos sazRvarTan siaxloves, CeCneTSi

(ruseTis federaciis samxreTiT), am daavadebisgan gareuli Rorebis jgufi

daixoca. 2008 wels, daavadebis gavrceleba dadasturda ruseTis federaciis

sxva teritoriebzec.

etiologiaRoris afrikuli cxelebis mizezi unikaluri dnm-is virusia, romelsac

adre, morfologiuri msgavsebis gamo, iridovirusebis ojaxs (Iridoviridae) miakuTvnebdnen. dRes iTvleba, rom mas poqsvirusebis ojaxis (Poxviridae) wevrebTan ufro meti msgavseba gaaCnia da igi Roris afrikuli cxelebis

msgavsi virusebis ojaxis (Asfarviridae) erTaderTi wevria (Asfivirus). dnm-is

Semcveli virusebisTvis uCveuloa am virusis namdvili arbovirusiviT qceva,

rac gulisxmobbs, rom mas rogorc xerxemlian, aseve uxerxemlo mtareblebSi

gamravlebis unari gaaCnia. miuxedavad imisa, rom mxolod erTi serologiuri

tipi arsebobs, Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusis 20-ze meti genotipi da gan-

sxvavebuli virulentobis mravali qvetipia gamovlenili.

epidemiologiuri niSnebi amTvisebeli saxeobebi

Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusis mimarT mgrZnobeloba mxolod Roris

ojaxis (Suidae) saxeobebs aReniSnebaT.

Sinauri Rorebi Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusis mimarT maRali mgrZno-

belobiT gamoirCevian, maTi asakis an sqesis ganurCevlad. Tumca, centralur

afrikasa da garkveuli adgilobrivi jiSis Rorebis populaciebSi, gadar-

Cenis koeficientebi mosalodnelze ufro maRal donezea dafiqsirebuli

maSinac ki, rodesac Roris afrikuli cxelebis afeTqebebi virulenturi

StamiTaa gamowveuli. virusis endemurma persistenciam, virulentobis maxa-

siaTeblebisgan damoukideblad, SeiZleba imoqmedos virusis mimarT Sinagani

simdgradis seleqciaze Roris daucvel populaciebSi. am virusis mimarT

mgrZnobeloba damaxasiaTebelia yvela gareuli afrikuli RorisTvis, magram

maT klinikuri niSnebi ar uviTardebaT. Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusis

mTavari mtareblebi e.w meWeWiani Rorebi arian. aRmoCnda, rom Potamochoerus porcus da P. larvatus Rori da giganturi gareuli Rori Hylochoerus meinertzhageni Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusis mtareblebi arian, magram daavadebis epi-

demiologiaSi maTi roli (Tu ki aseTi gaaCniaT) ucnobia.

evropuli gareuli taxebi (Sus scrofa) Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusisad-

mi maRali amTviseblobiT xasiaTdebian da maTSi sikvdilianobis done iseTive

maRalia, rogorc Sinaur RorebSi. amerikaSi gareulma Rorebma, romlebic

savaraudod, garkveulwilad evropuli gareuli Roris STamomavlebi ar-

ian, eqsperimentis dros infeqciis mimarT maRali mgrZnobeloba gamoavlines

iseve, rogorc evropuli gareuli Roris moSinaurebulma STamomavlebma da

Sinaurma Rorebma samxreT afrikaSi. im adgilebSi, sadac Roris afrikuli

cxelebis vurusi ar dafiqsirebula, sxva gareuli Rorebis mgrZnobeloba

daavadebis buneba 7

gamokvleuli ar aris. gamonakliss warmoadgens mxolod collared peccary (Tayassu tajaccu), romelic virusis mimarT sruliad mdgradi aRmoCnda.

adamianebs Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusisadmi mgrZnobeloba ar axa-

siaTebT.

virusis sicocxlisunarianoba

garemoSi: Sesaferis cilovan garemoSi, Roris afrikuli cxelebis viru-

si stabiluri rCeba temperaturisa da pH maCvenebelTa didi diapazonis

pirobebSi. gairkva, rom igi Zalas inarCunebs SratSi, oTaxis temperaturaze

- 18 Tvis, gayinul sisxlSi - eqvsi wlis, xolo 37°C sisxlSi - erTi Tvis gan-

mavlobSi. virusis inaqtivacia xdeba 60°C temperaturaze, 30 wuTis manZilze

gacxelebisas. laboratoriaSi, -70 °C temperaturaze, Roris afrikuli cx-

elebis virusi inficirebis unars ganusazRvreli droiT inarCunebs, ma-

gram misi inaqtivacia SesaZlebelia -20 °C temperaturaze xangrZlivi droiT

Senaxvisas. cilovani, sazrdo garemos gareSe, misi sicocxliunarianobis pe-

riodi mniSvnelovnad mcirdeba. Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusi, pH 4-10 di-

apazonSi Cveulebriv stabiluria, magram rogorc gairkva, Sesaferis sazrdo

garemoSi (SratSi), igi ramodenime saaTidan sam dRemde periodSi, ufro daba-

li da maRali maCveneblebis pirobebSic ki SeiZleba aqtiuri darCes. aucile-

beli ar aris, rom gaxrwnam virusis inaqtivacia gamoiwvios: fekalSi igi mini-

mum 11 dRe, gaxrwnil SratSi - 15 kvira, Zvlis tvinSi ki TveobiT cocxlobs.

meores mxriv, gaxrwnili nimuSebidan virusis gamoyofa xSirad ver xerxdeba,

SesaZloa im toqsikuri efeqtis gamo, romelsac ujredSida narCenebi da fer-

mentebi kulturis sistemaze axdens.rodesac daculi ar aris, Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusis inaqtiva-

cia swrafad miiRweva mzis Suqis zemoqmedebisa da gaSrobis Sedegad. aR-

moCnda, rom tropikul qveynebSi, virusi 3-4 dReze mets xans ver cocxlobs

im SemTxvevaSic ki, rodesac saRore ar aris dasufTavebuli da mas ara aqvs

Catarebuli dezinfeqcia. Tumca, Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusma SeiZleba

maRali aqtivoba SeinarCunos cilebiT mdidar, tenian garemoSi (magaliTad,

suspenziaSi).

pH maCvenebelTa farTo diapazonis mimarT misi simdgradis Sedegad,

Roris afrikuli cxelebis kontrolisTvis efeqturia mxolod garkveuli

saxis sadezinfeqcio saSualebebi.mtarebelSi: Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusiT dasnebovnebis Semdeg,

Sinaur Rorebs aqtiuri virusis gavrcelebis unari aqvT 24-48 saaTamde pe-

riodis ganmavliobaSi manamde, vidre maT klinikuri niSnebi gamouvlindebaT.

daavadebis mwvave periodSi, virusi intensiurad gamoiyofa yvela saxis sekre-

ciebsa da eqskreciebSi da didi raodenobiT aris warmodgenili qsovilebsa

da sisxlSi. Rorebi, romelTac daavadebis mwvave forma aqvT gadatanili,

infeqciis mtareblebad SeiZleba ramodenime Tvis manZilze darCnen, magram

30 dRis Semdeg virusis gavrcelebis unars kargaven. iseve rogorc gareuli

Rorebis SemTxvevaSi, virusi cocxlobs mxolod limfur kvanZebSi, sxva qso-

vilebSi ki virusis mier aqtivobis SenarCuneba inficirebidan maqsimum ori

Tvis Semdeg, nakleb savaraudoa. rogorc gareul, aseve Sinaur RorebSi, zus-

tad cnobili ar aris ra periodis ganmavlobaSi inarCunebs virusi infeqciis

gadacemis unars limfoidur qsovilebSi da savaraudod, mniSvnelovnad gan-

sxvavdeba TiToeul individualur SemTxvevaSi; Sinaur RorebSi es periodi,

savaraudod, 3-4 Tves ar unda aRematebodes.

Ornithodoros. am ojaxis tkipebi gansakuTrebiT did xans cocxloben da

SeuZliaT Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusi ramodenime wlis manZilze

ataron da mxolod TandaTanobiT kargaven inficirebis unars. saRoreebSi

mobinadre Ornithodoros ojaxis tkipebis roli Roris afrikuli cxelebis vi-


rusis SenarCunebasa da gadacemaSi, srulfasovnad iqna Seswavlili rogorc

afrikaSi (malavi), aseve evropaSi. pireneis naxevarkunZulze, Ornithodoros er-raticus ojaxis tkipebma mniSvnelovnad Seuwyo xeli imas, rom Roris afriku-

li cxeleba endemur daavadebad gadaiqca. savaraudod, swored am saxeobis

tkipebma gamoiwvia daavadebis afeTqeba portugaliaSi, 1999 wels, rodesac

Rorebi moaTavses mitovebul saRoreebSi, romlebSic es tkipebi jer-kidev

binadrobdnen. karibis kunZulebsa da CrdiloeT afrikaSi gvxvdeba ramoden-

ime saxis Ornithodoros tkipebi, romelTac Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusis

SenarCunebisa da gadacemis unari gaaCniaT, magram aRmoCnda rom karibis

kunZulebze Roris afrikuli cxelebis afeTqeba maTi mizeziT ar yofila

gamowveuli. sardiniaSi Ornithodoros ojaxis tkipebi saerTod ar gvxvdeba.

iseve rogorc Roris klasikuri cxelebis SemTxvevaSi, Roris afrikuli

cxelebis virusi cocxlobs Sinaur RorebSi Ornithodoros ojaxis tkipebis gare-

Sec. es faqti SeiZleba aixsnas imiT, rom reproduqciis maRali donis gamo

Rorebis did populaciebSi, romlebic aq mudmivad binadroben, isini viruss

jer-kidev arainficirebul Rorebs gadascemen.cxoveluri warmoSobis produqtebSi: Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusi,

romelic inaCunebs inficirebis unars sakveb produqtebSi, rogoricaa gaciv-

ebuli xorci (minimum 15 kviris ganmavlobaSi da gacilebiT ufro xangrZlivi

droiT, Tu xorci gayinulia) da gamoyvanil lorsa da ZexvebSi, romlebic maR-

al temperaturaze damuSavebas ar gadian (samidan eqvs Tvemde), mniSvnelovan

zegavlebas axdens Roris afrikuli cxelebis infeqciis gavrcelebaze. arasa-

kmarisad damuSavebuli, xmeli, Sebolili da damarilebuli Roris xorcisaUda

Roris sisxlis an Zvlis fqvilis RorebisTvis sakvebad gamoyeneba, saxifaToa. daavadebis gadacema: tyis ciklis pirobebSi, meWeWian Rorebsa da

Ornithodoros moubata kompleqsis agrasiul tkipebs Soris, virusis gadacema

xdeba tkipebsa da axalSobil meWeWian Rorebs Soris, TviT tkipebSi da tkipeb-

sa da Sinaur Rorebs Soris. mozrdili meWeWiani Rorebi, romelTac Roris af-

rikuli cxelebis aqtiuri virusi SeiZleba limfur kvanZebSi hqondeT, viruss

ar avrceleben an viremia arasakmarisad aqvT ganviTarebuli sxva Rorebis an

im tkipebis inficirebisTvis, romlebic maTi sisxliT ikvebebian. Ornithodoros ojaxis tkipebSi, Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusis gadacema xdeba transo-

varialuri, transstadialuri da sqesobrivi gziT, mamrebidan mdedrebze.

mravalricxovani eqtoparazitebis da maT Soris, Roris rwyilis, munis

tkipebisa da Ornithodoros ojaxis tkipebis garda sxva saxis tkipebis gamokvl-

evam, romlebic RorebiT ikvebebian (magaliTad, Rhipicephalus ojaxis tkipebi) aCvena, rom maT arc Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusis SenarCunebis da arc

misi meqanikurad gadacemis unari ar gaaCniaT. gairkva, rom virusis matare-

beli mxolod Stomoxys gvaris buzankalia, romelic virusuli infeqciis gada-

cemis unars 24-48 saaTis ganmavlobaSi inarCunebs.

epizootiis dros, inficirebuli Rorebis sekreciebsa da eqskreciebTan

pirdapiri kontaqti virusis gadacemis yvelaze mniSvnelovani gzaa. infeqci-

is gadacema Cveulebriv oronazaluri gziT xdeba. Tu daavadebis kontrolis

RonisZiebebi daunergavia, maSin Roris mwarmoeblebsa da mevaWreebs saswra-

fod gadahyavT Rorebi sxva adgilas da amgvarad cdiloben Tavi daaRwion

daavadebas da ar Seasrulon Rorebis savaldebulo wesiT dakvlis moTxovna,

romelic maTTvis kompensaciis gadaxdas ar iTvalsiwinebs.

garemos Zlieri dabinZurebis SemTxvevaSi arsebobs Roris afrikuli cx-

elebis virusis gavrcelebis SesaZlebloba e.w fomitebis (satransporto

saSualebebi, aRWurviloba, iaraRebi da tanisamosi) meSveobiT. arsebobs

daavadebis iatrogenuli (specialistis mizeziT) gavrcelebis albaToba dab-

inZurebuli nemsebidan, romlebsac saTanadod sterilizaciis an Secvlis

gareSe iyeneben Roris klasikuri cxelebis winaaRmdeg acrebis gasakeTeblad

daavadebis buneba 9

suraTi – 1 Tavisuflad moxetiale cxovelebi daavadebis gavrcelebis erT-erT

umTavres problemas warmoadgens.

an iseTi baqteriuli daavadebis mkurnalobis dros, rogoricaa wiTeli qari.

miuxedavad imisa, rom nagavi xSirad mdinareebsa da wylis sxva wyaroebSi

iyreba, infeqciis wyliT gadacema nakleb savaraudoa, vinaidan wyalSi viru-

si Zalas kargavs. magram daxocili cxovelebis wyalSi gadayris SemTxvevaSi,

narCenebis sakvebad moxmarebis Sedegad infeqciis gavrcelebis albaToba

Zalze maRalia. wyalSi narCenebis gadayra rekomendebuli ar aris aseve sxva

sanitarul-higienuri da garemosdacviTi mosazrebebidan gamomdinare.


haer-wveTovani gziT infeqciis gadacema mxolod Zalian mokle manZilzea

SesaZlebeli.salafaviT Rorebis kveba, miTumetes Tu igi TviTmfrinavisa da gemis

samzareulos narCenebs Seicavs, daavadebisgan Tavisufal zonebSi in-

feqciis Semotanis mTavari wyaroa. salafavi, romelic mTlianad inficire-

buli Roris xorcisgan Sedgeba, an mas didi odenobiT Seicavs, infeqciis ga-

vrcelebis SesaZlo wyaros warmoadgens da savaraudod, daavadebis mravali

afeTqeba swored am mizeziT aris gamowveuli. adamianis mier Roris xorcis

nagavSi gadayrili inficirebuli narCenebiT Rorebi, ZiriTadad, ikvebebian

iq, sadac maT Tavisuflad xetialis saSualebas aZleven. daavadebis afeTqe-

bis Sedegad Rorebis daxocvisas, didi odenobiT inficirebuli Roris xorci

xdeba xelmisawvdomi. am dros uxvad morCenili xorci zogierTma SeiZleba

Sesanaxad daamarilos an sxvagvarad daamuSaos. magram amgvari damuSavebis

Sedegad virusis inaqtivacia ar miiRweva, rac kidev ufro zrdis aseTi xor-

ciT Rorebis gamokvebasTan dakavSirebul risks.

klinikuri niSnebiinkubaciuri periodi xuTidan TxuTmet dRemde grZeldeba. klinikurad daa-

vadeba Cveulebriv, zemwvave an mwvave formiT mimdinareobs da letaluri

Sedegic maleve dgeba. evropisa da karibis auzis qveynebSi, Roris afrikuli

cxeleba qvemwvave da qronikuli formebiT ganviTarda (romlebsac ufro xan-

grZlivi periodi axasiaTebs, magram letaluri Sedegi mainc gardauvalia),

radganac inficireba gamowveuli iyo dabali virulentobis virusebiT. ma-

gram, afrikaSi aseTi SemTxvevebi iSviaTad gvxvdeba, rac imis momaswavebelia,

rom cnobili virusebis umetesoba virulenturia.

sikvdilianobis maRali done, yvela asakis RorebSi, Roris afrikuli an

klasikuri cxelebis mTavari maCvenebelia. imisaTvis, rom gavigoT da Sevafasod Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusuli

infeqciis klinikuri niSnebis ganviTareba, ZiriTadi mizezebis didi nawili

SeiZleba mivawerod anTebiTi citokinis (proteinebis ojaxi, romelic gam-

oiyofa inficirebuli an stimulirebuli ujredis mier) sistemur da loka-

lur gamoyofas, e.w. warmonaqmnis nekrozis alfa (TNF- ) faqtori. cnobilia,

rom TNF- monawileobs Roris afrikuli cxelebis mkafiod gamokveTili

klinikuri gamovlinebebis paTogenezSi, rogoricaa intravaskularuli koa-

gulopaTia da Trombocitopenia, qsovilis lokaluri dazianeba da sisxl-

Caqceva, ujredebis nekrozi da Soki.

Roris afrikuli cxelebis zemwvave forma

Cveulebriv, Rorebi, prodromaluri niSnebis gareSe ixocebian. am dros

isini wolas arCeven, aReniSnebaT maRali temperatura, razec TeTri feris

RorebSi muclis arisa da kidurebis gawiTleba miuTiTebs. sikvdilis win

zogierTi cxoveli iwyebs TavSesafaris Zebnas, cdilobs SequCebas, sunTqva

xSiri da zedapiruli xdeba.

Roris afrikuli cxelebis mwvave forma

Rorebs mudmivad aqvT sicxe da am dros temperaturam SeiZleba 42 °C gradusamde miaRwios. isini apaTiurebi xdebian da anoreqsia uviTardebaT.

cdiloben erTad SequCebas, CrdilSi moqcevas, zogjer Zlieri wyurvili awux-

ebT da naklebad moZraoben. TeTri feris Rorebs cianozi uviTardebaT: kans

molurjo feri dahkravs, gansakuTrebiT yurebze, kidurebis qveda nawilSi

da muclis areSi. aReniSnebaT lorwovan-Cirqovani gamonadeni Tvalebidan

da cxviridan. aseve SeiZleba gamoavlinon muclis tkivilis niSnebi, rogori-

daavadebis buneba 11

Ornithodoros geografiuli ga-

vrceleba

tran-

sovari-

aluri

trans-

stadi-

aluri

Ro-

reb Si

SeniSvnebi

O. marocanus = O. erraticus

pireneis naxevarkun-

Zuli da CrdiloeTi

afrika

ara diax diax binadrobs saRoreebSi da

ganagrZobs cikls Sinauri

Rorebis organizmSi

O. porcinus porcinus

samxreTi da aRmosav-

leTi afrika diax diax diax

binadrobs meWeWiani

Rorebis soroebSi da ga-

nagrZobs cikls meWeWiani

Rorebis organizmSi

O. porcinus domesticus

samxreTi da aRmosav-

leTi afrika diax diax diax

binadrobs saRoreebSi da

ganagrZobs cikls Sinauri

Rorebis organizmSi

O. moubata samxreTi da aRmosav-

leTi afrika (sahara),

madagaskari, erTi

Setyobineba sierra

leonedan (meWeWiani

Roris soro)

O. coriaceus aSS ara diax diax

O. turicata aSS ? ? diax laboratorul pirobebSi

virusis gadacema ar moxda,

magram velze Segrovebul

nimuSebSi virusis gadacema

efeqturad Sedga

O. parkeri aSS ? ? ara Roris afrikuli cxelebis

viruss ar gadascems, magram

gamosakvlevad xelmisawv-

domi iyo mxolod is nimuSe-

bi, romlebic 15-wliani

laboratoruli kolonii-

dan iqna mopovebuli

O. puertori-censis

karibis kunZulebi

diax diax diax

laboratorul pirobebSi

veqtori efeqturi aRmoC-

nda, magram haitis kunZulsa

da dominikis respublikaSi

Roris afrikuli cxelebis

aRmofxvris RonisZiebebis

dros didi raodenobiT

Segrovebul nimuSebSi, vi-

rusi ar aRmoCnda

O. savignyi dasavleT-samxreT

afrika

? ? diax udabnos tkipaa, romelic

ar asocirdeba Sinaur an

meWeWian RorebTan

O. sonrai saheli CrdiloeT af-

rikaSi (samxreT senega-

lamde)


virusuli genomi, romelic

polimerazas jaWvuri

reaqciiT (PCR testi) gam-

ovlinda 4/36 tkipebSi im

fermebze, sadac afeTqebebi

2004 da 2005 wlebSi moxda

sxva veq-

torebi

Stomoxys calci-trans i

unari aqvs SeinarCunos


virusi 48 saaTis ganmavlo-

baSi da gadasces igi Rorebs

caa zurgis amozneqva, uxerxuli moZraobebi da Cliqis gverdulad amortyma.

am dros damaxasiaTebelia gulis reva. Rorebs aseve SeiZleba ganuviTardes

kuWis Sekruloba (sisxliTa da lorwoTi dafaruli mcire zomis, mkvrivi

fekali) an diarea (dabinZurebuli kudi da sazardulis are). ukana kidure-

cxrili 1

Ornithodoros ojaxis tkipebis veqtoris kompetenciis mokle mimoxilva, Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusis

gadacemis WrilSi.


suraTi 2adreuli klinikuri niSnebi, rogoricaa cxeleba, Sejgufeba, cianozi

bis sisustis gamo, Cveulebriv irRveva moZraobis koordinaciac (ataqsia).

uZneldebaT sunTqva. zogjer, pirsa da nestoebze aReniSnebaT qafi (SesaZloa

sisxliani), rac filtvebis SeSupebaze miuTiTebs, romelic xSirad sikvdi-

lis ZiriTadi mizezi xdeba. Rorebs, romlebic ufro didxans cocxloben,

SeiZleba ganuviTardeT nervuli movlenebi, maT Soris virusuli encefali-

tiT/vaskulitiT gamowveuli an terminaluri konvulsiebi (krunCxva). lor-

wovan garssa da kanze SeiZleba SesamCnevi gaxdes sisxlCaqcevebi - wertilova-

nidan (peteqialuri) ufro msxvil (ekximozidan gvamis laqebisTvis damaxa-


siaTebel silurjemde) sisxlCaqcevebamde. cxelebis gamo Rorebs makeoba

SeiZleba nebismier dros Seuwydes, vinaidan aSkaraa, rom infeqcia e.w ver-

tikalurad (STamomavlobas) ar gadaicema. klinikuri niSnebis xangrZlioba

Cveulebriv ufro moklea (oridan Svid dRemde), magram SeiZleba ufro did

xansac gagrZeldes da moCvenebiT gamojanmrTelebis recidivi da sasikvdilo

Sedegi mohyves. sikvdilianobis maCvenebeli 100 procents uaxlovdeba. mwvave

infeqciis gadatanis Semdeg gamojanmrTelebuli Rorebi, rogorc wesi, daa-

vadebis simptomebs ar avlenen.

Roris afrikuli cxelebis qvemwvave forma

Rorebs, romlebic dasnebovnebis Semdeg (Cveulebriv naklebad virulenturi

StamebiT) ufro did xans cocxloben, SeiZleba aReniSnebodeT arastabiluri

temperatura da rogorc wesi, maTi janmrTelobis mdgomareoba uaresdeba.

ZiriTadad, maT aqvT intersticialuri pnevmonia, romelmac SeiZleba respi-

ratoruli ukmarisoba da sveli xvela gamoiwvios. aseve SesaZlebelia meoradi

baqteriuli infeqciis warmoSoba, saxsrebis tkivili da SeSupeba. sikvdilis

dadgoma SesaZlebelia ramodenime kviridan ramodenime Tvemde gagrZeldes,

an SesaZlebelia Rorebi gamojanmrTeldnen an daavadebam qronikuli forma

miiRos. kardialurma darRvevam SeiZleba gamoiwvios sikvdili gulis mwvave

an qronikuli ukmarisobis Sedegad.

Roris afrikuli cxelebis qronikuli forma

qronikulad inficirebuli Rorebi, rogorc wesi, ukiduresad gamxdrebi

da sustebi arian. aqvT grZeli, bzinvareba dakarguli jagari. SesaZloa

warmodgenili iyos pnevmoniis niSnebi aseve koWloba, sisxlCaqcevebi da wy-

lulebi. rodesac Roris janmrTelobis mdgomareoba imdenad cudia, rom

Rorebi SeZleba daavaddes meoradi baqteriuli infeqciebiT. maT SeiZleba

ramodenime Tve icocxlon, magram gadarCenis Sansi naklebad aqvT.

paTologiasaerTo paTologia

Rorebs, romlebic Roris afrikuli cxelebis zemwvave formiT ganviTarebis

Sedegad daixocnen, sisxliani gamonadenis da sxeulis sxvadsxva RruSi siTx-

is umniSvnelod dagrovebis garda, romelic Cveulebriv Tan axlavs uecar

sikvdils, SeiZleba aseve mcire odenobiT mZime dazianebebic aReniSnebodes.

Roris afrikuli cxelebis mwvave formis SemTxvevaSi, gvami xSirad karg

mdgomareobaSi gvxvdeba. TeTri feris RorebSi, kidurebisa da muclis Rrus

zedapirze SesaZloa SeimCneodes silurje da kanqveSa sisxlCaqcevebi. lor-

wovani garsi xSirad gajerebulia sisxliT da masze aRiniSneba sisxlCaqceve-

bi. gvamis gakveTisas, sxeulis Rruebsa da perikardiumSi SeiZleba aRmoCndes

baci yviTeli feris an sisxliani siTxe. rogorc wesi, organoebi gajerebulia

sisxliT da serozian zedapirebze SeiZleba aReniSnebodes sisxlCaqcevebi.

wertilovani sisxlCaqcevebi xSirad SesamCnevia Tirkmelis qerqovan nivTier-

ebaSi, elenTis kafsulasa da filtvebSi. ufro msxvili zomis sisxlCaqcevebi

xSirad gvxvdeba epikardiumsa da endokardiumze agreTve kuW-nawlavis sero-

zul garsze. elenTa SeiZleba iyos odnav an mniSvnelovnad gadidebuli, rbili

da muqi feris, momrgvalebuli kideebiT. SeiZleba periferuli infarqti gan-

viTardes, ra SemTxvevaSic elenTa umniSvnelod iqneba gadidebuli. limfuri

kvanZebi, gansakuTrebiT ki gastrohepaTiuri, mezenterialuri, renaluri da

ybisqveSa limfuri kvanZebi gadidebulia, Zlierad hemoragiulia da xSirad

sisxlis koltebs gvagonebs. xSiria kuWis lorwovani garsis gadatvirTva, ram-

ac SeiZleba sisxldena da zogjer nekrozic ki gamoiwvios; sisxldena SeiZleba

naRvlisa da Sardis buStSic ganviTardes. SesaZlebelia SeimCneodes naRvlis


buStis kedlebis baci yviTeli feris Jelatinisebri gasqeleba. filtvebis

kolafsi ar aRiniSneba, isini gadidebulia siTxis dagrovebis gamo ise, rom

interlobularuli (nawilebSorisi) tixrebi mkafiod aris gamokveTili.

gakveTili zedapirebidan gamoiyofa siTxe da qafi, traqeia xSirad qafiT

aris amovsebuli, romelic sisxlnarevi SeiZleba iyos. Cveulebriv saxezea mZ-

ime Trombocitopenia, romelic gamowveulia koagulopaTiis mimdinareobiT

da megakariocitebze (Zvlis tvinis giganturi birTvi) virusis pirdapiri mo-

qmedebis Sedegs ar warmoadgens. sikvdils xSirad win uswrebs diseminirebu-

li (infic.agentebis da simsivnuri ujredebi) SidasisxlZarRvuli Sededeba.

Roris afrikuli cxelebis qvemwave da qronikuli formebis mTavari niS-

nebia: Rorebis mier kondiciis dakargva srul gamofitvamde, intersti-

cialuri pnevmonia da gadidebuli limfuri kvanZebi, romlebic daavadebis

qronikuli formis dros SeiZleba gamagrebuli da boWkovani iyos.

histopaTologia

paTologiuri cvlilebebi miewereba virusis zemoqmedebas makrofagebze,

romelic iwvevs am ujredebis masobriv ganadgurebas, romelsac Tan axlavs

citokinebis gamoyofa.

Roris afrikuli cxelebis yvelaze TvalSisacemi histopaTologiuri

niSania Zlieri karioreqsisi (ujredis daSlis procesi) limfoidur qso-

vilebSi, romelsac xSirad Tan axlavs sisxldenebi. faqtobrivad xdeba elen-

Tis Svaiger-sidelis apkis (S-S) obliteracia. sisxlZarRvebis kedlebi, gan-

sakuTrebiT limfoidur qsovilebSi, xSirad gamoxataven fibrinoidur cvli-

lebas endoTeliumis nekrozisa da anTebiTi mediatorebis gaJonvis Sedegad,

sxva cvlilebebi miocavs intersticialur pnevmonias, fibrinisa da makrof-

agebis dagrovebiT; Tirkmelis arxis degradacias, hialinuri wveTebis ab-

sorbciiT; portaluri traqtebis infiltracias, makrofagebiT RviZlSi da

limfocitarul meningoencefalits.

imunitetirogorc meWeWian, aseve Sinaur Rorebs, romlebmac Roris afrikuli cxelebis

infeqciis umwvavesi an mwvave klinikuri formebi gadaitanes, antisxeulebi

SratSi warmoeSvebaT Svididan Tormet dRemde periodSi, klinikuri niSnebis

pirvelad gamovlinebis Semdeg da xangrZlivi periodis ganmavlobaSi unar-

CundebaT (SesaZloa mTeli sicocxlis ganmavlobaSi). isini ar uzrunvely-

ofen Sinauri Rorebis srulad dacvas SemdgomSi infeqciiT dasnebovnebi-

sagan, Tumca cnobilia, rom maT garkveuli imuniteti uviTardebaT virusis

homologiuri StamebiT dasnebovnebisadmi. serologiurad dadebiTi diag-

nozis mqone mdedri Rorebi xseniT gadascemen antisxeulebs ZuZuTa goWebs.

infeqciis qvemwvave da qronikuli formebis mqone RorebSi, virusis replika-

cia grZeldeba antisxeulebis arsebobis miuxedavad. daavadebis am formiT

ganviTarebis SemTxvevaSi aRniSnuli mravali dazianeba SeiZleba aixsnas im-

unuri kompleqsebis dagrovebiT qsovilebSi.

vinaidan Roris afrikuli cxelebis winaaRmdeg vaqcina ar arsebobs, an-

tisxeulebis gamovlena RorebSi udaod SeiZleba mivaweroT maT eqspozicias

bunebrivi infeqciisadmi. serologiuri jvaredini reaqciebi sxva virusebTan

cnobili ar aris.

diagnozidiagnosis dasma savele pirobebSi

Cveulebriv, sikvdilianobis maRali done yvela asakobrivi jgufis RorebSi

Roris afrikuli an Roris klasikuri cxelebis Zlieri eWvis safuZvels


suraTi 3sisxlis nimuSebis aReba daavadebis diagnostirebasa da zedamxedvelobisaTvis

iZleva. damatebiTi indikatorebi, tipiuri klinikuri niSnebia: organoTa

dazianebebi, romlebic Roris cxelebisTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli, rom daa-

vadeba antibiotikebiT mkurnalobas ar eqvemdebareba da daavadebis niSnebi

sxva Sinaur cxovels ar aReniSneba. Roris afrikuli da klasikuri cxelebis

da sxva paTologiebis laboratorul pirobebSi diferencirebas arsebiTi

mniSvneloba aqvs.

diferencirebuli diagnozi

Roris Wiris anu Roris klasikuri cxlebis diferencirebuli diagnozi,

Roris afrikuli cxelebis diagnostirebisaTvis yvelaze mniSvnelovania.

klinikuri niSnebi da makroskopiuri dazianebebi SeiZleba identuri iyos da

iseTi meoradi xasiaTis sxvaobebi, romlebic zemoTaa aRwerili, paTogno-

miuri (mTavari ganmasxvavebeli) an Tavsebadi araa. dazianebebi, rogoricaa

Riliseburi wylulebi ileocekalur saxsrebze (rogorc mocemulia Roris

klasikuri cxelebis aRwerilobaSi) arc Tu ise xSiria da elenTis infarqti

orive SemTxvevaSi daaxloebiT igive sixSiriT gvxvdeba. maSasadame, Roris

cxelebis nebismier saeWvo SemTxvevaSi absoluturad aucilebelia labora-

toruli diagnozis dasma.

Roris afrikuli cxeleba klinikurad SeiZleba mivamsgavsoT ramodenime

sxva daavadebas:

� Roris sxva virusuli daavadebebi, romelTac ramodenime saerTo niSa-

ni aqvT Roris afrikuli cxelebasTan, aris Roris reproduqciuli

da respiratoruli sindromi (PRRS), romelmac SeiZleba RorebSi ma-

Rali sikvdilianoba gamoiwvios. aseve Roris dermatiti/nefropaTi-

is sindromi (PDNS), romelic erT-erTi im daavadebaTgania, romelic

asocirdeba Roris cirkovirusis 2 infeqciasTan. Cveulebriv PDNS gvxvdeba burvakebSi da xasiaTdeba laqiseburidan koaliscenturamde

(koncentrtrebuli, gamagrebuli) kanis dazianebebiT (gansakuTrebiT

ukana kidurebis areSi) da mwvave nefroziT. daavadebis gadacemis

Sansi naklebia, magram daavadebuli Rorebis gadarCena praqtikulad

SeuZlebelia.


� baqteriuli septikuri daavadebebi, rogoricaa wiTeli qari, pastere-

lozi da salmonelozi Cveulebriv damaxasiaTebelia konkretuli

asakobrivi jgufisTvis. es daavadebebi SedarebiT iSviaTad gvxdeba,

xasiaTdeba ufro dabali sikvdilianobis koeficientiT, eqvemde-

bareba mkurnalobas Sesabamisi antibaqteriuli preparatebiT da diag-

nozis dadasturebas baqteriuli da histopaTologiuri gamokvlevis

Sedegad. mwvave da sistematuri formiT gamovlinebisas, cimbiruli wy-

luli SeiZleba ganixilos rogorc diferencirebuli diagnozi, Tumca

RorebSi es daavadeba Cveulebriv faringealuri formiT gvxvdeba,

romelic kargad aris gamoxatuli da Roris afrikuli cxelebasTan

cota ram aqvs saerTo.

� zookumariniT (valfarini) mowamvlva; organizmSi virTxis sawamlavis moxvedris Sedegad, iwvevs Zlier sisxldenasa da xSirad sasikvdilo

Sedegs; Tumca, savaraudod, koltSi daavadeba sul ramodenime Rors

SeiZleba daemarTos da nekrofsiis Semdeg sisxlis Sededeba ar aRiniS-

neba.

� daobebuli sakvebis miRebis Sedegad sokoTi mowamlvam, rogori-

caa aflatoqsikozi da staqibotriotoqsikozi, SeiZleba gamoiwvios

Zlieri sisxldena da sasikvdilo Sedegis dadgoma da staqibotriot-

oqsikozis SemTexvevaSi – gamokveTili karioreqsisi limfoidur qso-

vilebSi. miuxedavad imisa, rom am daavadebebma SeiZleba gamoiwvios

sasikvdilo Sedegis dadgoma nebismier asakobriv jgufSi, Cveulebriv

igi Rorebis garkveuli jgufebisTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli, rac gan-

pirobebulia imiT, rom sxvadasxva asakis Rorebs sxvadasxva kvebis ra-

cionebi miewodebaT. diagnozis dadastureba xdeba sakvebis an RviZlis

analizis safuZvelze, romlis ganxorcielebac mxolod saTanadod aR-

Wurvil sadiagnostiko vet.laboratoriebSia SesaZlebeli.

� SemTxveviTma an araSemTxveviTma mwvave mowamlvam drois Zalian mcire

monakveTSi SeiZleba gamoiwvios sasikvdilo Sedegis dadgoma yvela

asakis RorebSi, ra periodic nebismier SemTxvevaSi ufro mokle iqneba

vidre Roris afrikuli cxelebis SemTxvevaSi da klinikuri niSnebi da

dazianebebi (Tu ki aseTi aRiniSneba) gansxvavebuli iqneba vidre cx-

elebisas. diagnozis dadastureba xdeba kuW-nawlavis Semadgenlobis

an organoebis toqsikologiuri analizis safuZvelze.

Roris afrikuli cxelebis qvemwvave da qronikuli formebis garCeva

Roris klasikuri cxelebisgan da Roris dacemis sxva mizezebisgan rTulia.

diagnozis dasma SeiZleba aseve garTuldes meoradi infeqciebis arsebobis

gamo.

laboratoruli diagnozi

Roris afrikuli cxelebis savaraudo diagnozis laboratoriaSi dadasture-

ba damokidebulia virusis an antisxeulebis gamovlenaze. vinaidan Rorebis

umetesoba daavadebis mwvave formisas, Roris afrikuli cxelebis antisx-

eulebis waromSobamde ixoceba, virusis gamovlena diagnozis dasmis yvelaze

mniSvnelovani meTodia.

dawvrilebiTi miTiTebebi Roris afrikuli cxelebisTvis laboratoru-

li sadiagnostiko procedurebTan dakavSirebiT mocemulia cxovelTa jan-

dacvis msoflio organizaciis (OIE) saxelmZRvaneloSi sadiagnostiko teste-

bisa da vaqcniebis standartebis Sesaxeb. aRniSnuli warmoadgens mokle mi-

moxilvas, romelSic yuradReba gamaxvilebulia im analizebze, romlebic

yvelaze xSirad gamoiyeneba.


sadiagnostiko nimuSebis Segroveba da transportireba: virusis izo-

lirebis/ antisxeulebis gamovlenisTvis sasurvelia Semdegi nimuSebis

Segroveba:

� qsovilis nimuSebi limfuri kvanZebidan, elenTidan da limfuri jirkv-

lebidan, romlebic sterilurad unda Segrovdes da inaxebodes gacie-

bul, magram ara gayinul mdgomareobaSi;

� Seudedebeli sisxli, romelic sterilurad unda Segrovdes cxelebis

mqone Rorebisagan da moTavsdes eTilendiaminis tetra-acetil mJava-

Si (EDTA) an heparinSi (iisferi an mwvane feris sacobian sinjarebSi) cx-

elebis dawyebidan maqsimum xuT dRemde vadaSi; Tu nimuSebis Semowmebas

polimerazas jaWvuri reaqciiT (PCR reaqcia) apirebT, maSin mxolod

EDTA unda gamoiyenoT; � im SemTxvevebSi, sadac nimuSebis Sesagroveblad mxolod gaxrwnili

Roris narCenebia xelmisawvdomi, specialuri testebis gansaxor-

cieleblad, rogoricaa PCR-testi, sanimuSo qsovilad gamodgeba Zvlis

tvini.

antisxeulebis gamosavlenad, sisxlis nimuSebi unda Segrovdes wiTeli

feris (anu koagulantis gareSe) sacobian sinjarebSi/vakutainerebSi. sas-

urvel nimuSTan dakavSirebiT miTiTebebis miwodeba unda moxdes im labora-

toriisagan, romelic axorcielebs sadiagnostiko testebs.

mTeli rigi qsovilebisa – elenTa, linfuri kvanZebi, filtvi, RviZli,

Tirkmeli da tvini – histologiuri gamokvlevisTvis da imunoperoqsidazis

meSveobiT virusis gamosavlenad, SeiZleba Seinaxos 10 procentian buferul

formalinis xsnarSi.

sisxlisa da arakonservirebuli qsovilis nimuSebis gadasatanad isini

jer unda gacivdes da Semdeg moTavsdes yinulSi an gayinuli gelis paketebSi.

Tu ki arsebobs galRobis albaToba, an gayinva SeuZlebelia, umateben ster-

iluri glicerozalinis 50 procentian xsnars (50% gliceroli da 0.8% NaCl), romelic uzrunvelyofs saTanado konservaciis pirobebs da imavdroulad,

virusuli kulturis gamoyofis SesaZleblobas. antibiotikebis damateba –

200 erTeuli penicilini da 200 mg/ml streptomicini – xels SeuSlis baqte-

ricidul aqtivobas. formol-gliceromarilis gamoyeneba (50% glicerol-

marili: 1/2 10% buferuli formalini, 1/2 gliceroliT) uzrunvelyofs vi-

rusuli dnm-is gamovlenis SesaZleblobas, magram am SemTxvevaSi kulturis

gamoyvana SeuZlebeli iqneba. Tu kulturis gamoyvana gsurT, maSin gayinva

rekomendebuli ar aris, radganac -20°C temperaturaze SesaZlebelia Roris

afrikuli cxelebis virusis inaqtivacia moxdes.

gadatanamde, Tu es SesaZlebelia, Sratis nimuSebi centrifugaSi unda

damuSavdes an koltebi unda mocildes. Segrovebis Semdeg, serologiisTvis

gankuTvnili sisxlis nimuSebi oTaxis temperaturaze inaxeba sakmarisi

drois ganmavlobaSi imisaTvis, rom gayinvamde koltebis mocileba iyos

SesaZlebeli. sinjarebi pirqve unda ganTavsdes imisaTvis, rom kolti sacob-

Tan erTad iolad mocildes, ris Semdegac sacobi unda Seicvalos. Semdeg

nimuSebi yinulze Tavsdeba iseve, rogorc es qsovilis nimuSebis Senaxvis

wesSia aRwerili, an iyineba.

arakonservirebuli sadiagnostiko nimuSebi unda moTavsdes magar wyal-

gaumtar konteinerSi (Cveulebriv iyeneben plastmasis xraxnian qilas, an spe-

cialurad sisxlisTvis an SratisTvis gankuTvnil konteiners), romelic unda

SeifuTos absorbentul masalaSi da amgvarad moTavsdes meore hermetul

konteinerSi (Cveulebriv, iyeneben Tboizolaciis mqone plastmasis an peno-

plastis yuTs), romelic sabolood myar gare SefuTvaSi unda moTavsdes. amis

Semdeg, pakets ekvreba wyalgamZle melniT dawerili iarliyi da igi igzavneba

adgilobriv an saerTaSoriso laboratoriaSi. Tu nimuSebis gadatana Tbili


klimatis pirobebSi xdeba velidan adgilbriv laboratoriaSi, maSin mizanSe-

wonili iqneba Tboizolaciis mqone yinuliani an gamyinavi paketebis SeZena.

nimuSebis sahaero transportiT gagzavna unda moxdes sahaero transportis

saerTaSoriso asociaciis (IATA-s) wesebis dacviT. informacia gadamzidvelis

Sesaxeb, satvirTo zednadebis nomeri da Camosvlis dro laboratorias winas-

war unda ecnobos. mimReb laboratoriasTan winaswar dakavSireba aucilebe-

lia imis uzrunvelsayofad, raTa gagzavnil pakets droulad daxvdnen da

rom yvela instruqcia daculi iyos (eqsportisa da importis nebarTvebis

CaTliT). yvela nimuSs Tan unda axldes ZiriTadi informacia: mflobelis saxeli

da gvari, misamarTi, mokle istoria (daxocili Rorebis raodenoba da dax-

ocvis TariRebi, Rorebis asaki da klinikuri niSnebi), nimuSebis Segrovebis

TariRebi, daavadebis saeWvo diagnozi da sadiagnostikod aucilebeli

testebi. Tu ramodenime nimuSia Cabarebuli, TiToeuls unda daekras iarliyi

an mieces nomeri, romelic dawerili iqneba wyalgamZle melniT da miuTiTebs

TandarTul informaciaze.

laboratoruli diagnozis dasma unda xdebodes mxolod specialurad

momzadebuli personalis mier saTanadod aRWurvil laboratoriebSi.

virusis izolacia: izolacia unda moxdes mxolod saTanadod aRWur-

vil laboratoriebSi, romlebSic SesaZlebelia qsovilis kulturis gamoy-

vana da funqcionaluri aqtivobis SenarCuneba savele nimuSebis ararsebobis

pirobebSi.Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusis izolireba SesaZlebelia Roris pir-

veladi leikocitis kulturebis inokulaciisa da Roris afrikuli cxelebis

virusis Semdgomi identifikaciis Sedegad sisxlis adsorbaciis an citopa-

Tiuri efeqtis meSveobiT. citopaTiuri efeqti Roris afrikuli cxelebis

virusisTvis specifiuri ar aris da sxva testebiT unda iyos dadasturebuli.cocxali Rorebis gamoyeneba sadiagnostiko miznebisTvis xdeboda manamde,

vidre sxva meTodebi ar iqna SemoRebuli.

antigenis gamovlena: SesaZlebelia Semdegi testebis gamoyeneba:

� imunofluorescenculi antigenebis pirdapiri testi;

� myarfaziani imunofermentuli analizi (ELISA);� histologiuri nimuSebis imunoperoqsidazuli Seferva; es arCeviTi

testi ar aris, radganac mis momzadebas 24 saaTi mainc sWirdeba da tes-

tis Catareba mxolod iseT laboratoriaSia SesaZlebeli, romelic sa-

Tanadod aris aRWurvili histopaTologiis analizis Casatareblad;

Tumca, erTaderTi xelmisawvdomi nimuSis formalinSi Senaxva sasarge-

blo iqneba.

virusuli genetikuri masalebis gamovlena: PCR protokolebi xelmi-

sawvdomia Roris afrikuli cxelebis diagnostirebisaTvis. PCR testi maRa-

li mgrZnobelobisa da Zalze specifiuri testia da jvaredini dabinZurebis

SesaZleblobis gamo, misi gamoyeneba xdeba mxolod iseT laboratoriebSi,

romlebSic uzrunvelyofilia biousafrTxoebis aucilebeli done da xor-

cieldeba am meTodis gamoyenebaSi specialuri momzadebisa da gamocdilebis

mqone personalis mier.

antisxeulebis gamovlena: serologiuri testebi Roris afrikuli cx-

elebisTvis, moicavs:

� ELISA - testi, romelic yvelaze xSirad gamoiyeneba da miRebulia saer-

TaSoriso vaWroaSi misi maRali mgrZnobiarobisa da specifikurobis

gamo;

� fluoroscenculi antisxeulebis iribi testi;

� imunobloTingi;

� Semxvedri imunoforezis testi; (testi, romelsac ELISA testis Semo Re-

bamde irCevdnen).

19

Tavi 3

riskis analizi Roris afrikuli

cxelebisTvis

Sesavaliriskis analizi xSirad adamianis yoveldRiuri yofisa da profesiuli moR-

vaweobis intuiciur nawils Seadgens, magram ufro formalur disciplinad

igi mxolod am cota xnis win Camoyalibda da dRes, mas sul ufro xSirad mi-

marTaven saqmianobis mraval sferoSi. cxovelTa jandacvis sferoSi riskis

Sefasebas albaT yvelaze farTod iyeneben, radganac igi exmareba sakarantino

RonisZiebaTa gatarebasa da qveyanaSi Semotanili cxovelebisa da cxoveluri

produqtebis janmrTelobisTvis Sesaferisi pirobebis Seqmnis strategie-

bis gansazRvraSi. Tumca, SesaZloa, rom mism gamoyenebam aseve mniSvnelovani

adgili daikavos cxovelTa daavadebebisTvis mzadyofnis sagangebo gegmebis

SemuSavebis procesSic.

riskis analizis principebiriskis analizi oTx komponents moicavs, esenia: riskis dadgena, riskis

Sefaseba, riskis marTva da riskis Sesaxeb informaciis Setyobineba.

riskis dadgena

mocemuli komponentis farglebSi xdeba safrTxis an safrTxeebis warmoSo-

bis albaTobis dadgena, cnoba da amosavali informaciis mopoveba da Seswavla

(mag. samecniero kvlevebis Sesaxeb literaturisa da sxva monacemTa daxmare-

biT).

riskis Sefaseba

mocemuli komponentis farglebSi xdeba im safrTxeebis dadgena da aRwera,

romlebic SeiZleba warmoiSvas ama Tu im movlenis an konkretuli moqmede-

bis Sedegad. Semdgom, amgvari safrTxeebis warmoSobis albaTobis, anu riskis

Sefaseba xdeba. safrTxeebiT gamowveuli SesaZlo Sedegebi ganisazRvreba

riskis SefasebaSi cvlilebebis Sesatanad maTi gamoyenebis mizniT. magaliT-

ad, qveyanaSi gavrcelebis maRali riskis mqone egzotikur daavadebas riskis

SefasebaSi dabali saerTo qula mieniWeba, Tu misi damkvidrebis riski daba-

lia, an Tu misi SesaZlo socialur-ekonomikuri Sedegebi qveynisTvis umniS-

vneloa. qveyanaSi gavrcelebis dabali riskis daavadebas, romelic Semdgom

damkvidrebis maRali riskiT xasiaTdeba, an romelsac SeiZleba mZime social-

ur-ekonomikuri Sedegebi mohyves, ufro maRali qula eniWeba.

riskebis Sefaseba SeiZleba iyos raodenobrivi, naxevrad-raodenobrivi

am xarisxobrivi. realobaSi mraval biologiur sistemaSi arsebuli riskis

raodenobrivad gansazRvra an misTvis albaTobiTi raodenobis miniWeba rTu-

lia, istoriuli precedentebis naklebobisa da im seriozuli xarvezebis gamo,

romlebic CvenTvis xelmisawvdom biologiur monacemebSi arsebobs. egzo-

tikuri daavadebebisTvis rekomendebulia raodenobrivi riskis Sefasebebis


gamoyeneba. riskebi SeiZleba davaxasiaToT rogorc ukiduresi, maRali, saS-

ualo an dabali, an mivaniWoT qulebi martivi Skalis mixedviT, magaliTad

1-dan 5-mde - riskis donisTvis da 1 dan 5-mde - SesaZlo Sedegebis donisTvis

(socialur-ekonomikuri Sedegebi, Sedegebi saarsebo SesaZleblobebsa da

sakvebis usafrTxoebaze, Sedegebi Sida da saerTaSoriso vaWrobaze, zoono-

zur potencialze, safrTxis dadgenis an gakontrolebis SeuZleblobis

albaToba, sxva populaciebze gadacemis SesaZlebloba da gansakuTrebiT

gareul cxovelebze da a.S.).

riskis marTva

es aris riskebisa da maTi Sedegebis dadgenis, dokumenturad asaxvisa da

Semcirebis RonisZiebaTa ganxorcielebis procesi. marTalia riskis srulad

aRmofxvra SeuZlebelia, magram am komponentis mizania axali procedurebis

SemoReba, an ukve arsebulis Secvla riskis donis Sesamcireblad im donemde,

romelic dasaSvebad SeiZleba CaiTvalos.

faqtobrivad, SeiZleba CaiTvalos, rom mocemuli saxelmZRvanelo

mTlianobaSi uzrunvelyofs riskis marTvis bazas, rac warmoadgens safuZv-

els Roris afrikuli cxelebis sawinaaRmdego sagangebo RonisZiebaTa

dasagegmad.

riskis Sesaxeb informaciis gacvla

es warmoadgens riskis Sesaxeb informaciisa da mosazrebebis gacvlis proc-

ess, riskis analitikosebsa da dainteresebul mxareTa Soris. mocemul kon-

teqstSi dainteresebuli mxareebi arian yvela isini, vinc SeiZleba riskebis/

safrTxeebis zemoqmedebis qveS moeqcnen, anu yvela dawyebuli fermerebi-

dan da damTavrebuli politikosebiT. mniSvnelovnia am adamianebTan riskis

Sefasebisa da riskis marTvis strategiebis srulfasovnad ganxilva, raTa

davarwmunoT isini, rom zedmeti riskebi gamoricxuli iqneba da rom riskis

marTvis xarjebi gamarTlebul sadazRvevo politikas uzrunvelyofs.gadawyvetilebaTa uzrunvelsayofad, riskis analitikosebma da gadawy-

vetilebebis mimRebma pirebma, riskis analizis ganxorcielebis mTeli perio-

dis ganmavlobaSi, konsultaciebi unda awarmoon dainteresebul mxareebTan

imisaTvis, rom riskis marTvis strategiebSi gaTvaliswinebuli iyos dain-

teresebul mxareTa interesebi da miRebuli gadawyvetilebebi srulad iqnes

gacnobierebuli da mxardaWerili.

vin unda ganaxorcielos riskis analizi?riskis Sefasebis komponents yvelaze kargad axorcielebs erovnuli vet.

samsaxuris epidemiologiuri erTeuli, rogorc transsasazRvro da cxov-

elTa sxva sagangebo daavadebaTa Sesaxeb winaswari Setyobinebis erovnuli

sistemis nawili. riskis marTva da riskis Sesaxeb informaciis gacvla yvela

uwyebis movaleobaa, magram am movaleobaTa koordinacias vet.samsaxuris

ufrosi (CVO) unda anxorcielebdes.unda gvaxsovdes, rom riskebi ucvleli ar rCeba. isini icvlebian iseT

faqtorebTan erTad, rogoricaa Sinauri saqonlis epidemiur daavadebaTa

evolucia da msoflio masStabiT gavrceleba agreTve axali daavadebebis

ganviTareba da aseve saerTaSoriso vaWrobis modelebis Secvla qveyanaSi.

riskis analizi unda ganixilebodes ara rogorc erTjeradi RonisZieba, ar-

amed rogorc RonisZieba, romelic aucileblad saWiroebs sistematurad

gadaxedvasa da ganaxlebas.


riskis Sefaseba Roris afrikuli cxelebisTvisrogorc wina paragrafebSia aRwerili, riskis Sefaseba moicavs safrTxeebis

dadgenas, maTi warmoSobis albaTobis gansazRvrasa da riskebis klasifikaci-

is Secvlas maTi SesaZlo Sedegebis Sefasebis safuZvelze.erovnuli vet.samsaxuris epidemiologiuri erTeulis yoveldRiur mova-

leobebSi unda Sediodes Roris afrikuli cxelebisa da cxovelTa sxva mniS-

vnelovani transsasazRvro daavadebebis saerTaSoriso statusis da maTi

afeTqebebis evoluciisa da uaxles samecniero monacemTa monitoringis

mudmivad warmoeba. iseve rogorc samecniero-kvleviTi literature. ofi-

cialuri informaciis yvelaze saimedo wyaros warmoadgens cxovelTa jan-

dacvis msoflio organizaciis publikaciebi, rogoricaa daavadebis Sesaxeb

yovelkvireuli angariSebi da FAO/OIE/WHO wliuri angariSebi cxovelTa jan-

mrTelobis dacvis Sesaxeb da cxovelTa jandacvis msoflio organizaciis

cxovelTa janmrTelobis Sesaxeb sainformacio monacemTa baza (WAHID). daa-

vadebaTa gamovlena SesaZlebelia aseve sxva wyaroebidan, rogoricaa FAO, cx-

ovelTa warmoebaSi da cxovelTa janmrTelobis dacvaSi monawile regionuli

organizaciebi, sazRvargareT soflis meurneobis dargSi moRvawe ataSeebi,

eleqtronuli fostiT gadacemuli axali ambebi da cxovelTa janmrTelobis

Sesaxeb internet-saitebi.

egzotikur daavadebebTan dakavSirebuli safrTxeebis gansazRvrisa da

CamoTvlis Semdeg, momdevno nabiji iTvaliswinebs qveyanaSi TiToeuli daa-

vadebis gavrcelebis riskis seriozulobis da maT Soris im gzebisa da meqan-

izmebis Sefasebas, romliTac daavadebam SeiZleba qveyanaSi SeaRwios. aq gasa-

Tvaliswinebelia ramodenime faqtori:

� rogoria dRes-dReobiT daavadebaTa (rogoricaa Roris afrikuli cx-

eleba) geografiuli ganawileba msoflioSi da sad aris dafiqsirebuli

daavadebis gavrcelebis yvelaze maRali koeficienti?

� daavadeba sakmaod stabiluria, Tu ukanasknel periodSi cnobili gax-

da informacia misi gavrcelebis Sesaxeb sxva qveynebSi, regionebSi an

kontinentebze?

� ramdenad axlosaa daavadeba? rogori mdgomareobaa mezobel qvey-

nebSi, sadac cnobilia rom dafiqsirda Roris afrikuli cxeleba da

ramdenad darwmunebuli arian es qveynebi TavianTi vet.samsaxurebis

SesaZleblobaSi gamoavlinon da gaakontrolon daavadebis afeTqebe-

bi?

� Tu ki mezobel qveynebSi dafiqsirebulia daavadebis SemTxvevebi, sad

xdeba daavadebis afeTqebebi yvelaze axlos saerTo sazRvarTan?

� adrec Tu yofila dafiqsirebuli Roris afrikuli cxelebis

SemTxvevebi qveyanaSi? arsebobs Tu ara imis SesaZlebloba, rom in-

feqciis daudgeneli endemuri kerebi kvlavac arsebobdes Sinaur an

gareul RorebSi?

� rogor xdeba daavadebis gavrceleba? ra rols TamaSoben cocxali cx-

ovelebi, genetikuri masala, Roris xorci an sxva cxoveluri warmoSo-

bis produqtebi da aseve tkipebi da migrirebuli cxovelebi etiolo-

giuri agentis gadacemaSi?

� arsebobs Tu ara Roris afrikuli cxelebiT dasnebovnebuli cxove-

lebis, xorcproduqtebis an sxva masalebis importirebasTan dakav-

Sirebuli mniSvnelovani risk faqtori? xom ar xdeba maTi Semotana en-

demuri regionebidan? Seesabameba Tu ara sakarantino importis oqmebi

cxovelTa jandacvis msoflio organizaciis standartebs? ramdenad

saimedoa importis sakarantino procedurebi?

� ramdenad saimedoa sabariero an sasazRvro sakarantino procedure-

bi Roris afrikuli cxelebis risk faqtoris mqone masalebis qveya-


naSi ukanonod Semotanis Tavidan acilebis TvalsazrisiT (gemisa da

TviTmfrinavis samzareulos narCenebis CaTvliT)?

� warmoadgens Tu ara Rorebis salafaviT kveba miRebul praqtikas qveya-

naSi? arsebobs Tu ara Sesabamisi procedurebi, romlebic uzrunvely-

ofs amgvari sakvebis usafrTxoebas?

� arsebobs Tu ara qveyanaSi saqonlis kontrabandis, araoficialu-

rad gadaadgilebisa da zamTris saZovrebidan sazafxulo saZovrebze

gadarekvis praqtika, romelic SeiZleba Roris afrikuli cxelebis

Semotanis riskTan iyos dakavSirebuli? kerZod, mezobel qveynebSi Tu

aqvs adgili saxalxo gamosvlebs, romelic SeiZleba adaimianebis maso-

brivi gadaadgilebis an saqonlis mitovebis mizezi gaxdes?

momdevno nabiji moicavs imis Sefasebas, Tu ramdenad seriozuli social-

ur-ekonomikuri Sedegebi SeiZleba mohyves daavadebis gavrcelebas qveyanaSi.

amasTan dakavSirebiT kidev ramodenime faqtoria gasaTvaliswinebeli:

� arsebobs Tu ara imis albaToba, rom daavadebam fexi moikidos qveya-

naSi? arsebobs Tu ara qveyanaSi cxovelTa iseTi populaciebi da maT

Soris velur bunebaSi, romlebic mgrZnobiare arian daavadebisadmi?

� gaaCniaT Tu ara sadiagnostiko vet.laboratoriebs saTanado aRWur-

viloba da specialurad momzadebuli personali imisaTvis, rom in-

feqciis gamovlena swrafad moxdes?

� rTuli iqneba Tu ara daavadebis swrafad amocnoba qveynis sxvadsxva

regionebSi?

� Sinauri Roris ramdenad didi populaciebi arsebobs qveyanaSi? ram-

denad mniSvnelovania Roris warmoeba erovnuli ekonomikisTvis? ra

mniSvneloba aqvs Roris warmoebas qveynis mosaxleobis kvebisa da sxva

saWiroebaTa dakmayofilebisTvis?

� rogor aris organizebuli Roris warmoeba qveyanaSi? arsebobs Tu ara

Roris msxvili warmoeba, Tu Roris warmoeba mxolod sasoflo-sameur-

neo SinameurneobaTa doneze xdeba? Roris warmoebiT qveynis mxolod

ramodenime raionia dakavebuli?

� ramdenad seriozuli iqneba daavadebiT gamowveuli sawarmoo dana-

kargebi? imoqmedebs es Tu ara sakvebis usafrTxoebaze?

� ra Sedegs iqoniebs daavadeba cxovelTa da cxoveluri warmoSobis

produqtebis eqsportze? ra Sedegs moaxdens igi sagareo vaWrobaze?

� arsebobs Tu ara gareuli Rorebis populaciebi an Sinauri Rorebi,

romlebic kontrolis gareSe, Tavisuflad daxetialoben? warmoad-

genen Tu ara isini Roris afrikuli cxelebis infeqciis rezervuarebs,

romlebic Znelad eqvemdebarebian kontrols?

� dafiqsirebulia Tu ara qveyanaSi Ornithodoros spp. ojaxis tkipebis ar-

seboba, romlebic virusis matareblebi arian da misi gadacemis unari

gaaCniaT; aqvT Tu ara kontaqti RorebTan?

� ramdenad rTuli iqneba daavadebis kontroli da aRmofxvra da ra xar-

jebTan iqneba es dakavSirebuli? SesaZlebeli iqneba Tu ara daavadebis

aRmofxvra?

aRniSnuli sakiTxebisa da problemebis ganxilva analitikosebs Roris

afrikuli cxelebisTvis riskis profilis agebisa da daavadebiT Seqmnili

riskis sididis raodenobrivad Sefasebis SesaZleblobas aZlevs. rac yvelze

mniSvnelovania, igi iZleva warmodgenas Roris afrikuli cxelebis riskis

kategoriis Sesaxeb sxva maRali prioritetis mqone daavadebaTa riskTan mi-

marTebaSi da ra resursebi unda iqnes gamoyofili Roris afrikuli cxelebis

mzadyofnisTvis im resursebTan SedarebiT, romlebic sxva daavadebebisTvis

aris gamoyofili. igi aseve iZleva warmodgenas imis Sesaxeb, Tu saidan aris

mosalodneli daavadebis gavrceleba qveyanaSi da rogor unda gaZlierdes


Roris afrikul cxelebasTan brZolisTvis vet.samsaxurebis resursebi da

rogor unda moxdes sagangebo RonisZiebaTa dagegmva. mocemuli informa-

ciiT SegiZliaT ixelmZRvaneloT gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi qveyanaSi Roris

afrikuli cxelebis SemTxvevis dafiqsirebisas arsebuli garemoebebisTvis

yvelaze Sesaferisi kontrolis strategiis SerCevis Taobaze.

riskis Sefasebis mniSvneloba Roris afrikuli cxelebis sagangebo gegmebis momzadebisTviszemoT aRwerili riskis Sefaseba mniSvnelovania imisaTvis, rom:

� gadavwyvitoT ra adgili uWiravs Roris afrikul cxelebas qvey-

nisTvis, daavadebiT gamowveul seriozul safrTxeTa prioritetebis

siaSi da sxva daavadebebTan SedarebiT ra donis resursebis mobiliza-

cia unda movaxdinoT masTan brZolis mosamzadeblad;

� gadavwyvitoT, sad da rogor unda moxdes sakarantino protokolebisa

da procedurebis gaZliereba;

� gavarkvioT, rogor xdeba Roris warmoeba da Rorisa da Roris xorcis

produqtebis marketingi qveynis yvela regionSi;

� gadavwyvitoT, sad da rogor unda moxdes laboratoruli diagnos-

tirebis SesaZleblobaTa gaZliereba;

� davgegmoT vet.personalisTvis specialuri momzadebis kursebi da

fermerTa cnobierebis donis amaRlebisa da sainformacio kampaniebis

ganxorcieleba;

� gadavwyvitoT, sad da rogor unda moxdes daavadebis kontrolis ga-

Zliereba;

� davgegmoT daavadebaze reagirebis saTanado strategiebi.

sasargeblo meTodologiis Sesaxeb Semdgomi wasakiTxi masalamakdiarmidi, s.c. da faro, h.j. 2003 w. riskis analizi: Sefaseba, marTva da

informaciis gacvla. samecniro-teqnikuri gamocema, 22(2): 397–408.

�� .urbina-amarisi, Mm.e. 2003 w. specializebuli riskis analizis jgufis roli

ganviTarebadi qveynis vet.samsaxurSi. samecniro-teqnikuri gamocema, 22(2):

587–595.

�� .n. miurei. 2004 w. saxelmZRvanelo qveyanaSi daavadebaTa Semotanis riskis

analizis Sesaxeb, cxovelebisa da cxoveluri warmoSobis produqtebisTvis,

tomi I, daavadebis sivrculi da raodenobrivi riskis analizi; da tomi II,

raodenobrivi riskis analizi. parizi, cxovelTa jandacvis msoflio organ-

izacia (OIE).

25

Tavi 4


prevenciis strategiebi

SesavaliZveli gamoTqma, rom mkurnalobas prevencia sjobia, gansakuTrebiT sa-

marTliania Roris afrikuli cxelebisa da cxovelTa sxva transsasazRvro

daavadebebTan mimarTebaSi. karantini am daavadebebisagan Tavdacvis pirveli

xazia (anu cocxali Rorebis winaswar moTavseba karantinSi), cocxali cxove-

lebisa da produqtebis gadaadgilebis marTvasa da sazRvrebis gadakveTis

kontrolTan erTad. yvela qveyanam unda moaxdinos saTanado donis resurse-

bis mobilizacia efeqturi sasazRvro da importis sakarantino RonisZiebebis

gasatareblad, romlebic xels SeuSlis saqonlis seriozuli daavadebebis

gavrcelebas qveyanaSi.

Roris afrikuli cxelebisTvis riskis analizi unda uzrunvelyofdes

Semdeg Sefasebebs:� daavadebis qveyanaSi SeRwevis riskis xarisxi;

� Roris afrikuli cxelebis qveyanaSi SeRwevis savaraudo teritoriebi

da meqanizmebi;� ramdenad seriozuli SeiZleba iyos daavadebis qveyanaSi SeRwevis Sede-

gebi.es Sefasebebi unda uzrunvelyofdes safuZvels Roris afrikuli cxeleb-

is prevenciis strategiebis dagegmvisa da ganxorcielebisTvis, saTanado

resursebis mobilizaciis meSveobiT. Roris afrikuli cxelebisa da saqonlis sxva daavadebaTa prevenciaSi

yvelaze mniSvnelovani faqtoria pirutyvis informirebuli mepatrone an

fermis mmarTveli. Roris mepatroneebma (warmoebis yvela doneze) unda

icodnen rogorc amoicnon Roris afrikuli cxeleba da rogor imoqmedon

Roris daavadebaze eWvis gaCenisas. amis miRweva SesaZlebelia mxolod fer-

merTa intensiuri specialuri momzadebis Sedegad im saSualebaTa gamoy-

enebiT, romlebic maTTvis gasagebi, TvalsaCino iqneba da mudam Seaxsenebs

daavadebisa da misi mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb. aseTi sainformacio Tu SemecnebiTi

xasiaTis masalebi sakmaod farTo speqtris unda iyos da moicavdes rogorc

Roris afrikul cxelebas, aseve im sxva paTologiebsac, romlebic SeiZleba

SecdomiT Roris afrikul cxelebad iqnes miCneuli. imisaTvis, rom calkeu-

li fermerebis gadasawyveti ar iyos warmoadgens Tu ara romelime konkre-

tuli SemTxveva Roris afrikuli cxelebas, aucilebelia mWidro sainforma-

cio kavSirebis SemoReba saqonlis mesakuTreebsa da vetsamsaxurebs Soris,

romlis meSveobiTac SesaZlebeli iqneba informaciis Setyobineba Roris

masobrivi daxocvis an nebismieri msgavsi problemebis arsebobis Sesaxeb rom-

lebic fermerTa Cveulebrivi gamocdilebis farglebs scildeba. adgilo-

brivi xelisufleba da soflis meurneobis dargis muSakebi informirebuli

unda iyvnen Roris afrikuli cxelebis Sesaxeb da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi,

Suamavlis roli iTaon. yovel dRe mxolod pirutyvis mepatrones an fermis

mmarTvels aqvs cxovelebTan kontaqti da swored amitom, cxovelTa daavade-


bis yoveldRiuri kontrolis mxriv, amgvarad informirebuli mepatroneebi

realurad erTaderT saimedo resurs warmoadgenen.

importis sakarantino politikacxovelTa jandacvis msoflio organizaciis xmeleTis cxovelTa janmrTe-

lobis kodeqsi (2007 wlis gamocema, Tavi 2.6.6) uzrunvelyofs saxelmZRvane-

lo miTiTebebs Sinauri da gareuli Rorebis, Roris xorcisa da xorcprodu-

qtebis, Roris spermis, embrionebis, kvercxujredebisa da Roris qsovilebis

Semcveli sxva produqtebis (rogoricaa farmacevtuli preparatebi) usa-

frTxod importirebisTvis (www.oie.int).didi mniSvneloba aqvs sakarantino da inspeqtirebis samsaxurebis muSao-

bas, romlebmac unda uzrunvelyon Roris xorcisa an Roris xorcis produ-

qtebis Semcveli sakvebi produqtebisa da im sxva sarisko masalebis dakave-

ba, romlebic qveyanaSi saerTaSoriso aeroportebidan, navsadgurebidan da

sasazRvro saguSagoebidan Semodis. nebismieri CamorTmeuli risk Semcveli

masala aucileblad usafrTxod unda ganTavsdes – Rrmad Caimarxos an daiw-

vas, iseve rogorc samzareulos narCenebi, romelic moipoveba saerTaSoriso

aeroportebsa da navsadgurebze. magaliTad, evrokomisiam SemoiRo pirveli

kategoriis sarisko masalebis CamonaTvali, romelSic miTiTebulia uki-

duresad maRali riskis masalebi.

kontroli salafaviT kvebaze RorebisTvis sakvebad iseTi salafavis miwodeba, romelic Seicavs adami-

anis sakvebis narCenebsa da maT Soris SesaZloa cxoveluri warmoSobis im-

portirebul produqtebsac, mniSvnelovnad uwyobs xels qveyanaSi Roris af-

rikuli cxelebisa da maT Soris transsasazRvro cxovelTa sxva seriozuli

daavadebebis Semotanas (rogoricaa Turquli, Roris vezikularuli daa-

vadeba da Roris klasikuri cxeleba). amitom, Rorebis salafaviT kveba unda

aikrZalos an amaze kontroli mainc unda iyos dawesebuli, romelic uzrun-

velyofs aseTi sakvebis uvneblobas. dauSvebelia pirutyvis gamokveba sala-

faviT, romelic saerTaSoriso aeroportebis an navsadgurebis samzareulos

narCenebs Seicavs, vinaidan es qveyanaSi Roris afrikuli cxelebisa da sxva

transsasazRvro cxovelTa daavadebebis gavrcelebis Zalze maRal riskTan

aris dakavSirebuli. arsebobs didi albaToba, rom Roris afrikuli cxeleba

swored am gziT iqna Semotanili dasavleT evropaSi, laTinuri amerikis qvey-

nebsa da saqarTveloSi.

daavadebaTa profilaqtikis TvalsazrisiT, sasurvelia Rorebis sala-

faviT kvebis akrZalva, magram SinameurneobaTa doneze am moTxovnis Ses ru-

lebis gakontroleba SeuZlebelia. unda gvaxsovdes, rom uwinares yovlisa

Rorebis moSinaureba swored imitom moxda, rom maT sxvadsxva saxis dabali

xarisxis sakvebis da maT Soris, adamianis sakvebis organuli narCenebis, ma-

Rali xarisxis proteinSi gadamuSavebis unari aqvT. soflad, qalaqis perif-

eriebsa da qalaqad, Roris bevr mwarmoebels ekonomiuri garemoebebi karnax-

obs, rom gamoiyenon kvebis nebismieri xelmisawvdomi wyaro da unda vivar-

audoT, rom qalaqad da qalaqis periferiebSi, kvebis aseT wyaros salafavi

warmoadgens. Roris mwarmoeblebisTvis daavadebis Tavidan acilebis erTad-

erTi gza arsebuli safrTxeebis gacnobierebaa: Roris mwarmoeblebma Tavad

unda uzrunvelyon, rom RorebisTvis sakvebis saxiT salafavis miwodebamde,

igi jer aucileblad unda wamoduRdes (15-20 wuTis ganmavlobaSi). iq, sadac

siRaribis done maRalia, kanoni, rogorc wesi, ar kanonobs. maregulirebel

RonisZiebebTan Sesabamisobas uzrunvelyofs riskisa da misi daZlevis praq-

tikuli SesaZleblobebis Sesaxeb informirebuloba. im qveynebSi, sadac Roris

warmoeba sakamod maRal donezea ganviTarebuli, fermerebma SeiZleba dai-

Roris afrikuli cxelebis prevenciis strategiebi 27

cvan moTxovna salafaviT Rorebis kvebis akrZalvasTan dakavSirebiT, vinaid-

an maT kargad aqvT gacnobierebuli, rom Tanamedrove ekonomikis pirobebSi,

Roris salafaviT kvebiT saukeTeso Sedegebis miRweva SeuZlebelia.

Rorebis Caketil pirobebSi Senaxvais faqti, rom Rorebis didi raodenoba Tavisuflad an saTanado kontrolis

gareSe daxetialobs, safrTxes uqmnis qveyanaSi Roris afrikuli cxelebis

Semotanasa da swrafad gavrcelebas. amgvarad daavadebis amocnoba SeiZleba

mniSvnelovnad dagviandes da Sesabamisad, misi aRmofxvrac ufro rTuli

iqneba. am mxriv, yvelaze did safrTxes warmoadgendes is, rom SesaZloa sof-

lis SemogarenSi an nagavsayrelebze es Rorebi daxocili Roris narCenebiT

da ufro metic, afrikuli cxelebisgan daxocili Roris narCenebiT ikvebe-

bian. aucilebelia iseTi zomebis miReba, romlebic xels Seuwyobs saTanado

saRoreebis aSenebas da Seamcirebs nagavsayrelebze Tavisuflad moxetiale

Rorebis raodenobas, gansakuTrebiT ki im adgilebSi, sadac iTveleba rom

Roris afrikuli cxelebis gavrcelebis maRali riski arsebobs. cnobil-

ia, rom infeqciis gavrcelebis prevenciis uzrunvelsayofad sakmarisia,

Tundac fermis doneze, minimaluri biousafrTxoebis pirobebis dacva. auci-

lebelia, rom Roris mwarmoebebma, Roris warmoebis yvela doneze, Zalisxmeva

ar daiSuron imisaTvis, rom gaaumjobeson fermaze arsebuli biousafrTxoe-

bis pirobebi. amgvarad SesaZlebeli iqneba ara mxolod iseTi daavadebebis

gakontroleba, rogoricaa Roris afrikuli da klasikuri cxeleba da Roris

cisticerkozi, aramed mwarmoeblurobis donis amaRleba, rasac Sesabamisad

Sedegad mohyveba Semosavlebis donis gazrda Roris mcire mwarmoeblebi-

sTvis. mcire fermerTa dasaxmareblad aseve xeli unda Seewyos Roris mwar-

moebelTa organizaciebis Camoyalibebas.

cxadia, rom mraval qveyanaSi Rorebis Senaxvis tradiciuli meTodebi erT

dReSi ver Seicvleba da rom Rorebis mudmivad Caketil pirobebSi Senaxva

Roris mesakuTreebs kvebasTan dakavSirebiT iseT valdebulebebs akisrebs,

romlis Sesrulebac maT SeiZleba ver moaxerxon. vidre alternatiuli kve-

bis wyaroebi srulyofilad ar iqneba gamokvleuli, Roris bevri mwarmoe-

beli Rorebis Caketil pirobeSi Senaxvaze ar daTanaxmdeba. axlo momavalSi

mxolod imis imedi unda viqonioT, rom informirebuli Roris mwarmoeblebi

gaacnobiereben, ra safrTxes warmoadgens Roris narCenebis nagavsayrelze

gadayra maSin, rodesac Rorebs Tavisuflad xetialisa da nagavsayrelze

sakvebis moZiebis SesaZlebloba aqvT. aucilebelia Roris warmoebis gaum-

jobesebis erovnuli politikis SemuSaveba, romelSic gansazRvruli iqneba

kvebis wyaroebi, romlebic fizikurad da materialurad xelmisavdomi iqneba.

29

Tavi 5

daavadebis Sesaxeb winaswari

gafrTxileba da Roris afrikuli

cxelebisTvis sagangebo

RonisZiebaTa dagegmva

Sesavalidaavadebis Sesaxeb winaswari gafrTxileba xdeba daavadebis zedamxedvelo-

bis, swrafad Setyobinebisa da epidemiologiuri analizis safuZvelze, rac

miznad isaxavs daavadebisa da infeqciis afeTqebaTa gavrcelebisa da qce-

vis Sesaxeb informirebulobisa da codnis donis amaRlebas. es moicavs re-

gionisa da msoflio masStabiT daavadebis gamokvlevas vet.samsaxurebis

epidemiologiuri erTeulebis mier, romelebic riskis Sefasebaze SesaZlo

zegavlenis mqone cvlilebaTa interpretirebas axdenen. informirebulobis

amgvarad gazrdili done unda uzrunvelyofdes iseTi seriozuli daavadebe-

bis swrafad gamovlenas, rogoricaa Roris afrikuli cxeleba, misi qveyanaSi

Semotanis an daavadebis SemTxvevaTa ricxvis uecrad momatebis SemTxvevaSi

manamde, vidre igi epidemiaSi gadaizrdeba da seriozul socialur-

ekonomikur Sedegebs gamoiwvevs. daavedebis Sesaxeb winaswari gafrTxileba

daavadebis wyarosa da afeTqebebis gavrcelebis prognozirebisa da daavade-

bis kontrolis RonisZiebaTa efeqturobis monitoringis SesaZleblobas

uzrunvelyofs. (globalur doneze ixileT, magaliTad, . .. ).

ama Tu im qveynis mier Roris afrikuli cxelebis qveyanis teritoriaze

Semotanis an daavadebis SemTxvevaTa gazrdili ricxvis gamovlenaSi miRweu-

li warmateba, damokidebulia Semdeg faqtorebze, rogoricaa:

� Roris afrikuli cxelebisa da cxovelTa sxva, maRali safrTxis, epi-

demiur daavadebaTa Sesaxeb informirebis kargi programebi, romlebic

iTvaliswinebs vet.samsaxuris muSakTa da fermerTa Soris informaciis

gacvlis sistemis gaumjobesebas;

� daavadebis saeWvo da dadasturebul SemTxvevaTa ganmarteba da maT

Sesaxeb gancxadeba;

� savele vet.samsaxuris muSakebis, damxmare vet. personalis, adgilo-

brivi xelisuflebisa da Roris mesakuTreebis specialuri momzadeba

Roris afrikuli cxelebisa da pirutyvis sxva seriozuli epidemiuri

daavadebebis klinikuri niSnebisa da saerTo paTologiebis amocnobis

sakiTxebSi;

� sadiagnostiko nimuSebis dauyovnebliv Segroveba da laboratoriaSi

gadagzavna;

� klinikuri daavadebis savele pirobebSi gamokvlevebis garda, Roris

mesakuTreTa da savele da laboratorul/epidemiologiur vet.samsax-

urebs Soris mWidro koordinaciaze damyarebuli uwyveti aqtiuri ze-

damxedvelobis warmoeba, daavadebis pasiuri monitoringis gasamyare-


Roris afrikuli cxelebis ganmarteba daavadebis gavrcelebis axali

teritoriebisTvis (kavkasiis regioni)

daavadebis saeWvo SemTxveva

nebismieri calkeuli Rori an Rorebis jgufi, romelsac aReniSneba:

1. klinikuri niSnebi: � maRali sicxe (> 41.5°C)

� nervuli aSliloba

� sikvdilianobis maRali koeficienti (> 30 procenti,

yvela asakobrivi jgufisTvis)

� uecari sikvdili, winaswari klinikuri niSnebis gareSe;

2. paTologia: � hemoragiuli limfuri kvanZebi

� gadidebuli da sisxliT gajerebuli elenTa;

3. istoria fermis teritoriaze axali Roris Semoyvanis, an salafaviT kvebis

praqtikis, an nagavsayrelze Rorebis sakvebad gaSvebis Sesaxeb.

daavadebis dadasturebuli SemTxveva – laboratoria

Roris afrikuli cxelebisTvis antisxeulebze Catarebuli testis dadebiTi

pasuxi (nebismieri testi) klinikuri daavadebis epidemiologiuri monacemebi; an

Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusis dadastureba: Roris afrikuli cxelebis

virusis (ASFV) an genetikuri komponentis gamovlena laboratorul doneze

blad. monawile mxareebisTvis gankuTvnili kiTxvarebis, serologiuri

kvelevebisa da sasaklaoebis monitoringis meSveobiT;

� saimedo meqanizmebi, romlebic uzrunvelyofs daavadebis Sesaxeb in-

formaciis sagangebo reJimSi Setyobinebas regionuli, federaluri da

erovnuli vet.samsaxurebis StabisTvis;

� daavadebaTa Sesaxeb infromirebis kompiuteruli sistemis danergva,

rogoricaa transsasazRvro cxovelTa daavadebebisTvis sainforma-

cio sistema(TADinfo) da kerZod FAO/EMPRES-is kompiuteruli programa;

� vet.laboratoriebSi laboratoruli diagnostikis resursebis ga-

Zliereba Roris afrikuli cxelebisTvis da maT Soris, maTi CarTva

rkalur sistemaSi, precipitaciis reaqciis regionul da saerTaSori-

so testebSi;� kavSirebis ganviTareba erovnul laboratoriebsa da miTiTebul re-

gionul da msoflio laboratoriebs Soris;

� mWidro TanamSromloba savele samsaxurebsa da sadiagnostiko vet.

laboratoriebs Soris;

� erovnuli epidemiologiuri samsaxurebis resursebis gaZliereba daa-

vadebasTan brZolisTvis mzadyofnisa da misi marTvis mxardasaWerad;

� cxovelTa jandacvis msoflio organizaciisTvis (OIE), mezobeli qvey-

nebisa da savaWro partniorebisTvis, daavadebis Sesaxeb dauyovne-

blovi da amomwuravi informaciis Setyobinebis saerTaSoriso sistema.

mocemuli saxelmZRvanelos formati ar iTvaliswinebs yvela aRniSnuli

sakiTxis dawvrilebiT ganxilvas. dawvrilebiTi informaciisTvis ixi-

leT saxelmZRvanelo cxovelTa daavadebebTan brZolisTvis mzadyofnis

erovnuli sagangebo gegmebis momzadebis Sesaxeb (FAO-s saxelmZRvanelo cx-

ovelTa janmrTelobis dacvis Sesaxeb, # 6) da saxelmZRvanelo Sinauri cxove-

lebis davaadebaTa kontrolisa da sainformacio sistemebis Sesaxeb (FAO-s

saxelmZRvanelo cxovelTa janmrTelobis dacvis Sesaxeb, # 8).

winaswari gafrTxileba da sagangebo RonisZiebaTa dagegmva 31

cxovelTa jandacvis sferos muSakTa specialuri momzadeba daavadebis adreul etapze amocnobis da sadiagnostiko nimuSebis Segrovebisa da gagzavnis sakiTxebSiim qveynebSi, sadac Roris afrikuli cxelebis SemTxvevebi saerTod an ukve

mravali welia ar yofila dafiqsirebuli an pirvelad aris dafiqsirebuli,

iseTi veterinarebi an cxovelTa jandacvis sferos sxva muSakebi, romelTac

daavadebasTan uSualo Sexebis gamocdileba gaaCniaT, savaraudod, nakle-

bad moiZebneba rogorc saxelmwifo, aseve kerZo seqtorSi. igive SeiZleba

iTqvas transsasazRvro cxovelTa sxva daavadebebTan dakavSirebiTac. es

nakli unda gamoswordes specialuri momzadebis programebis meSveobiT,

romlebic gankuTvnilia yvela im vet.samsaxurebis muSakebisTvis, romelTac

SeiZleba pirvel rigSi mouwios am an sxva daavadebis SemTxvevasTan an afeTqe-

basTan kontaqtSi Sesvla. vinaidan daavadebis SemTxvevebi SeiZleba qveynis

nebismier nawilSi dafiqsirdes da kadrebis gaaxlebis gaTvaliswinebiT, spe-

cialuri momzadebis programebi vrceli unda iyos da regularulad unda

tardebodes. specialuri momzadeba unda Cautardes qveynis yvelaze Soreul

raionebSi moRvawe vet.muSakebs, iseve rogorc adgilobriv xelisuflebas,

Rorebis mepatroneebsa da Roris gadamyidvelebs. specialuri momzadebi-

sTvis arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs partniorul urTierTobebs centralur da

regionul xelisuflebebs Soris (Statebi, provinciebi, guberniebi, avtono-

miuri regionebi an departamentebi), gansakuTrebiT ki decentralizebul an

federaciul saxelmwifoebSi. cxadia, rom personalis umaRles doneze momzadeba yvela am daavadeba-

Si arc praqtikulad aris SesaZlebeli da arc aucilebeli ar aris. umetes

SemTxvevebSi isic sakmarisia, rom staJiorebisTvis cnobili iyos TiToeuli

daavadebis (Roris afrikuli cxelebis CaTvliT) ZiriTadi klinikuri, pa-

Tologiuri da epidemiologiuri niSnebi da icodnen, rogor imoqmedon

im SemTxvevaSi, Tu eWvi gauCndebaT romelime aRniSnul daavadebaze. aq,

SesaZloa, yvelaze mniSvnelovani iyos imis imis miRweva, rom rogorc savele,

aseve sadiagnostiko laboratoriis muSakebma RorebSi ucnobi daavadebis

afeTqebasTan dakavSirebiT sxvadasxva sadiagnostiko SesaZlebobebs Soris

gaiTvaliswinon aseve Roris afrikuli cxelebis diagnozis SesaZlebloba da

Sesabamisad imoqmedon. isini saTanado codnas unda flobdnen imasTan dakav-

SirebiT Tu ra nabijebia gadasadgmeli diagnozis dasadastureblad da maT

Soris is, rom aucilebelia sadiagnostiko nimuSebis Segroveba da labora-

toriaSi gadagzavna; daavadebis kontrolis ra RonisZiebebi unda ganxor-

cieldes uSualod daavadebis afeTqebis adgilze da ra riski SeiZleba mohy-

ves maT mier ganxorcielebul qmedebebs daavadebis gavrcelebis xelSewyobis

mxirv im SemTxvevaSi, Tu biousafrTxoebis zomebi mkacrad ar iqneba daculi.

im personals, romliTac specialistTa sadiagnostiko jgufebi unda dakom-

pleqtdes, ufro specializirebuli swavleba unda Cautardes.

kadrebis specialuri momzadebis sxvadsxva SesaZleblobebi moicavs:

� wamyvani savale da laboratoruli muSakebis gagzavnas sxva qveya-

naSi Roris afrikuli cxelebis afeTqebasTan dakavSirebiT uSua-

lo gamocdilebis misaRebad, an seminarebze dasaswrebad, sadac maT

SesaZlebloba eqnebaT gaiziaron daavadebis afeTqebis gakontrole-

basTan dakavSirebiT sxva qveynebis gamocdileba;

� ucxo qveyanaSi staJirebis SesaZleblobebs, magaliTad veterinariis

fakultetebis mier SemoTavazebuli kursebi egzotiur daavadebebTan

dakavSirebul sakiTxebSi da laboratoriis muSakTa specialur momza-

debas msoflios an regionis masStabiT miTiTebul laboratoriebsa da

sxva saerTaSoriso organizaciebSi;


� qveynis doneze seminarebis Catarebas qveynisaTvis gansakuTrebiT

saSiS daavadebaTa sakiTxebSi (romelic kadrebis specialuri momza-

debis birTvs unda warmoadgendes) saxelmwifo seqtorSi dasaqmebul

savele da laboratoruli vet.personalisTvis, jandacvisa da saka-

rantino samsaxurebis vet.muSakebisTvis (maT Soris maTTvis, vinc sa-

saklaoebze, bazrebze, sasazRvro gamSveb punqtebze, aeroportebsa da

navsadgurebze, sawarmoebze muSaobs da praqtkosi vet.eqimebisTvis);

aseT seminarebSi unda monawileobdnen aseve mezobeli qveynebis warmo-

madgenlebi da Semdgom seminarebis monawileebma Tavad unda Caataraon

msgavsi seminarebi fermerebisTvis;

� savele diagnostikis saxelmZRvanelo, romelic unda iyos martivi,

praqtikuli, Seicavdes naxatebsa da diagramebs da aucileblobis

SemTxvevaSi, xelmisawvdomi iyos daavadebis afeTqebis adgilze swrafi

konsultaciis misaRebad.

fermerTa informirebis/ganaTlebis programebifermerTa informirebis programebs kritikuli mniSvneloba aqvs. magram

maTSi zogjer ugulebelyofilia sagangebo daavadebebisTvis mzadyofnis

RonisZiebaTa dagegmvis sakTxebi. isini xels uwyobs mxardaWeris gaZlier-

ebas mesaqonleebsa da sxva dainteresebul mxareebs Soris sagangebo daavade-

baTa kontrolis/aRmofxvris RonisZiebebis programebis dagegmva - ganxor-

cielebisadmi da safuZvels uyris daavadebaTa kontrolis “qvemodan zemoT”

midgomis damatebiT SemoRebas im e.w. “zemodan qvemoT” midgomasTan erTad,

romelsac Cveulebriv qveynebis mTavrobebi arCeven.

informaciis uzrunvelyofis strategiebi miznad unda isaxavdes dain-

teresebul mxareTa informirebas Roris afrikuli cxelebisa da pirutyvis

sxva mniSvnelovani daavadebebis bunebis, SesaZlo Sedegebis, maTi prevenciisa

da aRmofxvris upiratesobebis Sesaxeb. is yovelTvis unda iTvaliswinebdes

daavadebis epidemiis prevenciis an masTan brZolis saerTo miznis irgvliv

sazogadoebis gaerTianebis elements, romelsac saboloo jamSi Sedegad mo-

hyveba sanitaruli dacvis jgufebisa da fermerTa sxva saxis organizaciebis

Camoyalibeba.

erT-erTi mniSvnelovani gzavnili, romelic kargad unda iyos gaazrebu-

li aris is, rom RorebSi ucnobi daavadebis afeTqebis niSnebis gamovlenis-

Tanave aucilebelia cxovelTa jandacvis saxelmwifo uwyebebis muSakTa in-

formireba amis Sesaxeb da maTTvis daxmarebisTvis mimarTva. aucilebelia in-

formaciis uzrunvelyofa imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor unda gakeTdes es. am mizniT

unda ganxorcieldes sainformacio kampniebi fermerebisTvis, adgilobrivi

xelisuflebisa da saqonliT movaWreebisTvis. informaciis swrafad miwode-

bis uzrunvelsayofad mniSvnelovania samarTliani sakompensacio politikis

SemoReba fermerTa danakargebis asanazRaureblad da amis Sesaxeb fermere-

bisTvis informaciis miwodeba.

sakompensacio politikis SemoReba dagegmvis procesis nawilia da Roris

mwarmoeblebma unda icodnen amgvari politikis arsebobis Sesaxeb. marTalia

xSirad sakompensacio Tanxebis dadgena mxolod da mxolod soflis meur-

neobisa da mecxoveleobis departamentebis movaleobas warmoadgens, magram

mniSvnelovania, rom riskis analizis sainformacio komponentSi gaTval-

iswinebuli iyos aseve sxva saministroebis (mag. finansTa, soflis sakiTxebis,

garemos dacvis) an premier ministris gafrTxileba im sagangebo moTxovnile-

baTa Sesaxeb, romlebic SeiZleba warmoiSvas qveyanaSi cxovelTa iseTi trans-

sasazRvro an egzotikuri daavadebis Semotanis SemTxvevaSi, rogoricaa

Roris afrikuli cxeleba.


sadiagnostiko jgufis specialistebirekomendebulia, rom Roris afrikuli cxelebis sadiagnostiko jgufi da-

kompleqtdes specialuri momzadebis mqone specialistebiT, romlebic

gawveuli iqnebian velze RorebSi daavadebis afeTqebis Sesaxeb informa-

ciis miRebisas. amgvari zomebis miReba aucilebelia nebismieri sagangebo

situaciis Seqmnamde didi xniT adre da personali xelmisawvdomi da saTa-

nadod aRWurvili unda iyos imisaTvis, rom dauyovnebliv SeZlos daavade-

bis afeTqebis adgilze gasvla. aRWurviloba unda moicavdes daavadebis

SemTxvevis winaswari epidemiologiuri gamokvlevisTvisa da sadiagnostiko

nimuSebis Segrovebisa da transportirebisTvis saWiro yvela saSualebas.

sadiagnistiko jgufis Semadgenloba SeiZleba garemoebebisdamixedviT

gansxvavdebodes, magram masSi unda Sediodnen:

� veterinar-paTologoanatomi centraluri an regionuli sadiagnos-

tiko vet.laboratoriidan;

� specialist-epidemiologi (sasurvelia, Roris afrikul cxelebasTan

dakavSirebiT uSualo gamocdilebisa da specialuri momzadebis mqone

specialistis SerCeva);

� Roris endemur daavadebebSi gamocdili veterinari.

aseTi jgufi igzavneba daavadebis afeTqebis adgilze, adgilobrivi vet.

samsaxuris muSakebTan erTad, romlebsac am mizniT qveynis mTavari veteri-

nari (CVO) gamoyofs da:

� axorcielebs dispanserizacias;

� agrovebs istoriebs;

� awarmoebs winaswar epidemiologiur gamokvlevebs da kerZod:

� winamorbedi SemTxvevebis mikvlevadobas – SeuerTda Tu ara ukanasknel

kvirebSi axali cxoveli ukve inficirebul koltebs da saidan moxda

maTi Semoyvana?

� momdevno SemTxvevebis mikvlevadobas – gamoaklda Tu ara ukanasknel

kvirebSi cxovelebi ukve inficirebul koltebs da sad moxda maTi ga-

dayvana?

� axorcielebs daavadebis ganviTarebis gvian stadiaSi an cota xnis win

daxocil cxovelTa gvamebis gakveTas. Tu ki amis SesaZlebloba arse-

bobs, cxovelTa gvamebi gadatanili unda iqnes nekrofsiis gasaxor-

cieleblad saTanadod aRWurvil laboratoriaSi;

� agrovebs Sesaferis sadiagnostiko nimuSebs endemuri da egzotikuri

daavadebebisTvis, romlebsac diferenciuli diagnozi moicavs da ag-

zavnis maT laboratoriaSi.

epidemiologiuri erTeuli

epidemiologiuri erTeuli warmoadgens Roris sawarmoTa rigs (momijnave, an

ojaxuri fermebi), romlebic erTmaneTTan axlos mdebareobs an erTmaneTTan

dakavSirebulia savaWro an sawarmoo xelSekrulebebiT, rogoricaa magaliTad

Roris sasaklao wonamde miyvanis, Roris sanaSene fermebi an bazrebi. infeqciiT

dasnebovnebis riskis gansazRvrisas (wina an Semdgomi periodis mikvlevadoba)

arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs inficirebuli cxovelebisa da maTi sadgomebidan

gadaadgilebuli masalebis SesaZlo kontaqtis dadgenas, klinikuri niSnebis

gamovlenisa da klinikuri mimdinareobis procesis ganxilvas, iseTi kontrepizo-

oturi RonisZiebebis gatarebamde, rogoricaa pirutyvis dawuneba/ganadgureba.

sofeli SeiZleba CaiTvalos epidemiologiur erTeulad, magram daavadebis

kontrolis RonisZiebebi aseve socialur-ekonomikur mosazrebebs unda emyare-

bodes.


aseT jgufs ufleba unda hqondes daavadebis afeTqebis adgilze miiRos daa-

vadebis kontrolis nebismieri gadaudebeli zomebi, gamomdinare iqdan Tu

ras warmoadgens epidemiologiuri erTeuli (ix. winamdebare CanarTi). igi

valdebulia Sefasebis angariSi Caabaros uSualod saxelmwifo, provinciis

an regionul vet.muSaksa da qveynis mTavar veterinars, romelSic aRwerili

iqneba yvela is nabiji, romelic diagnozis dadasturebis mizniT gadaidga da

uzrunvelyofili iqneba rCeva daavadebis kontrolis Semdgom strategiebT-

an da maT Soris, inficirebuli da meTvalyureobis qveS moqceuli zonebis

Sesaxeb gancxadebis gakeTebasTan dakavSirebiT.

laboratoruli diagnostikis SesaZleblobebidaavadebaTa swrafi da saimedo diagnostirebis uzrunvelyofa SesaZlebelia

mxolod srulfasovnad aRWurvil laboratoriebSi, romelTac gaaCniaT

standartuli sadiagnostiko reagentebis asortimenti, gamocdili Stati

da eqspertizis gansaxorcieleblad sakmarisi odenobiT sadiagnostiko

nimuSebi. sadiagnostiko eqspertiza egzotikur daavadebaTa testebi-

sTvis, romlebic cocxali agentis damuSavebas moiTxovs, mikrobiologiuri

TvalsazrisiT mxolod dacul laboratoriebSi unda ganxorcieldes.qveynebis umravlesobisTvis erovnuli sadiagnostiko vet.laboratoriis

dafuZneba, romelic saTanadod iqneba aRWurvili cxovelTa yvela trans-

sasazRvro da sxva saSiS daavadebaTa da maT Soris bevr egzotikur daavade-

baTa diagnozis dasadastureblad, SeiZleba arapraqtikuli da metismetad

ZviradRirebuli saqme iyos. magram im qveynebSi, sadac mesaqonleoba kargad

aris ganviTarebuli, unda arsebobdes sadiagnostiko vet.laboratoria,

romelic aRWurvili da kompetenturi iqneba standartuli meTodebis gan-

saxorcieleblad: paT-anatomiaSi, virusologiaSi, baqteriologiasa da se-

rologiaSi im doneze, romlezec SesaZlebelia cxovelTa saSiSi daavadebebis

etiologiuri agentebis (daavadebis gamomwvevis) gansazRvra. im SemTxvevaSi,

Tu Roris afrikuli cxeleba maRali safrTxis daavadebas warmoadgens, ma-

Sin ganxiluli unda iyos resursebis mobilizebis SesaZlebloba zogierTi

ZiriTadi pirveladi testis gansaxorcieleblad (magaliTad, rogoricaa im-

unoflorescenculi reaqcia).

nimuSebis gadasatanad gankuTvnili konteinerebi unda inaxebodes cen-

tralur, saxelmwifo an regionalur vet.laboratoriebSi da xelmisawvdomi

iyos savele vet.muSakebisa da sadiagnostiko jgufis specialistebisTvis.

uklebliv yvela pirveladi konteineri hermetulad unda iyos daculi. es

SeiZleba iyos polipropilenis boTlebi (xraxniani TavsaxuriT da rezinis

safeniT). an maRali xarisxis plastikuri xraxniani qilebi, an dasaluqi spe-

cialuri tomrebi. aseTi konteinerebi Tavsdeba ufro didi zomis, hermetu-

lad dacul meorad konteinerebSi. es SeiZleba iyos plastmasis an poli-

propilenis konteinerebi, romlebic Tavsdeba penoplastis Tboizolaciis

mqone yuTebSi, absorbentul masalebsa da yinulis paketebTan erTad. Tu

Tavdapirvelad, gaciveba ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli, masalebis gaxrwnis

Tavidan asacileblad SesaZlebelia 50% glicerinisa da marilis Semcveli

xsnaris damateba. sabolood, es konteinerebi Tavsdeba myari masalisgan

damzadebul yuTebSi, romlebsac garedan mkafio warweris mqone iarliye-

bi ekvreba. nimuSebs mkafiod, wauSleli melniT unda gaukeTdes warwera da

aseve, Tan unda axldes baraTebi (forma) maTi aRwerilobiT.


saerTaSoriso laboratoriebi da TanamSromlobis centrebimsoflioSi arsebobs FAO-sa OIE -s da centrebis mTeli qseli (laboratorie-

bi da TanamSromlobis centrebi) Roris afrikuli cxelebisTvis, romlebic

uzrunvelyofen rCevasa da daxmarebas. danarTSi 1 miTiTebulia sakontaqto

pirebi da misamarTebi.

Roris afrikul cxelebasTan brZolis sagangebo RonisZiebaTa dagegmvis

nawilis saxiT, qveynebma unda daamyaron kavSiri Sesabamis, miTiTebul cen-

trebTan da auRweron maT im sadiagnostiko nimuSebis an izolirebuli agen-

tebis buneba da raodenoba, romlis gagzavnasac apireben dasadasturebeli

diagnozisTvis an Semdgomi daxasiaTebisTvis. aseve mniSvnelovania informa-

ciis mopoveba SesaZlo damatebiTi satransporto saSualebis, SefuTvis, gay-

invis, etiketirebis meTodebisa da nebismieri savaldebulo sabaJo an IATA-s

(sahaero transportis saerTaSoriso asociacia) deklaraciebis Sesaxeb. aR-

niSnuli informacia dokumenturad unda iyos warmodgenili gegmebSi.

Zalian mniSvnelovania daavadebis afeTqebis Sedegad SesaZlo an da-

dasturebuli etiologiuri agentebis gagzavna Semdgomi daxasiaTebisTvs

Sesabamis saerTaSoriso laboratoriaSi. rekomendebulia ramodenime Stamis

(izolatis) gagzavna sxvadsxva geografiuli zonidan, romelic daavadebis

afeTqebis sxvadsxva fazas moicavs. nimuSebis Cabareba warmoSobis qveynis

teritoriis gareT mdebare nebismier laboratoriaSi yovelTvis winaswar

unda iyos SeTanxmebuli mimReb saxelmwifosTan. qveynis mTavari veterinar-

isgan winaswar mopovebuli eqsportis nebarTva dagexmarebaT nimuSebis dayo-

vnebis gareSe gagzavnaSi. nimuSebis gagzvna aucileblad iseT konteinerebSi

unda moxdes, romlebic IATA-s (sahaero transportis saerTaSoriso asociaci-

is) standartebs Seesabameba.

miTiTebuli laboratoriebi da TanamSromlobis centrebi srulfasovnad

unda iyos gamoyenebuli kadrebis momzadebisTvis, sagangebo RonisZiebaTa

dagegmvis procesSi da standartuli sadiagnostiko procedurebis reagen-

tebTan dakavSirebuli Sesabamisi rCevebiTa da rekomendaciebiT dasaxmare-

blad.

37

Tavi 6

Roris afrikuli cxelebiT

gamowveuli sagangebo mdgo ma re-

obisas, reagirebis RonisZiebaTa

dagegmva adreul etapze

Sesavalimocemuli saxelmZRvanelo ZiriTadad ganixilavs situaciebs, rodesac adgi-

li aqvs Roris afrikuli cxelebis Semotanas iseT qveyanaSi an zonaSi, romel-

ic adre Roris afrikuli cxelebisgan Tavisufal qveyanad an zonad iTvlebo-

da. amgvari sagangebo mdgomareobis warmoSobis SemTxvevaSi, yvela Zalisxmeva

mimarTuli unda iyos daavadebis swrafad lokalizebaze infeqciis pirve-

ladi afeTqebis adgilze an zonaSi da mis umokles vadaSi aRmofxvraze, raTa

Tavidan iqnes acilebuli daavadebis gavrcelebisa da misi emdemur daavade-

baSi gadazrdis SesaZlebloba.

rogorc adre avRniSneT, kavSirebi centralur da regionul xelisufle-

bebsa (Statebi, provinciebi, guberniebi, avtomoniuri regionebi) da kerZo

dainteresebul jgufebs Soris mniSvnelovania, gansakuTrebiT ki decentral-

izebuli xelisuflebis mqone qveynebSi an federaciul saxelmwioebSi da iq

sadac saxelmwifo da kerZo seqtorebis mier SesaZlebelia strategiuli geg-

mebis erToblivad SemuSaveba, sagangebo situaciis warmoSobis SemTxvevaSi.

amgvari operatiuli jgufebis arseboba aucilebelia nebismieri sagangebo

mdgomareobis dros, iqneba es adamianis mier gamowveuli SemTxveva Tu sti-

qiuri ubedureba da maT Soris, qveyanaSi cxovelTa iseTi transsasazRvro an

egzotikuri daavadebis Semotanis SemTxvevaSi, rogoricaa Roris afrikuli

cxeleba. sakompensacio politikis arseboba sagangebo RonisZiebaTa dageg-

mvis da sagangebo mdgomarebasTan gamklavebis procesis nawilia da infor-

macia amgvari politikis Sesaxeb aucileblad unda iyos miwodebuli Roris

mepatroneebisTvis.

zogierT qveynebSi daavadebis aRmofxvris RonisZiebaTa ganxorcieleba

mainc da mainc efeqturi ar aris, magaliTad samxreTi an aRmosavleTi afri-

kis qveynebSi, sadac meWeWiani da SesaZloa gareuli Roris sxva populacie-

bi am daavadebis matareblebi arian. Tumca, es ar niSnavs, rom am adgilebSi

SeuZlebelia prevenciuli RonisZiebebis gatareba an Roris afrikuli cx-

elebis aRmofxvra Sinaur RorebSi. im qveynebSi, sadac Roris afrikuli cx-

eleba endemuri daavadebaa, SesaZlebelia daavadebisgan Tavisufali zonebis

an seqtorebis Seqmna, Rorebis gadaadgilebasa da karantinze kontrolis

meqnizmebis gamkacrebisa da Roris fermebze biousafrTxoebis gaZliere-

bis meSveobiT. amis misaRwevad aucilebel winapirobas warmoadgens aqtiuri

zedamxedveloba, romelic iTvaliswinebs Roris mepatroneTa mier wesebis

dacvasa da fermebsa da sasaklaoebze vet.inspeqciis Catarebas.


suraTi 4 tipiuri ferma sadac daculia biousafrTxoebis ZiriTadi normebi, rac

daavadebisagan dacvis kargi saSualebaa inficirebul zonaSic ki

epidemiologiuri maxasiaTeblebi, romlebic gavlenas axdens Roris afrikuli cxelebis kontrolis, likvidaciis an aRmofxvris strategiebze Roris afrikuli cxelebis kontrolis, likvidaciis an aRmofxvris strat-

egiebze gavlenas axdens ramodenime epidemiologiuri da sxva faqtori. maT

Soris zogierTi dadebiTia, umetesoba ki uaryofiTi.

dadebiTi faqtorebi:

� Rorebis garda arc erT sxva Sinaur cxovels Roris afrikuli cxelebi-

sadmi mgrZnobeloba(amTvisebloba) ar gaaCnia.

� klinikuri niSnebi daavadebis SesaZlo arsebobis aSkara maCvenebelia.

� arsebobs daavadebiT gamowveuli Sedegebis swrafad anazRaurebis

SesaZlebloba (magaliTad is, rom Rorebs reproduqciis maRali poten-

ciali gaaCniaT).

� adamianebs am daavadebisadmi mgrZnobeloba ar gaaCniaT; uaryofiTi

faqtorebi:

� Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusi inaqtivaciisadmi mdgradia da xan-

grZlivi droiT inarCunebs sicocxliunarianobas sxvadasxva aRWur-

vilobaze, Roris inficirebul qsovilebSi, xorcsa da damuSavebul

produqtebSi.

� Ornithodoros ojaxis tkipebis garkveuli saxeobebi gadascemen Roris af-

rikuli cxelebis viruss.

� Roris afrikuli cxeleba swrafad vrceldeba Sinaur RorebSi.

� Roris afrikul cxelebas, Cveulebriv, kargad gamoxatuli klinikuri

niSnebi axasiaTebs. Tumca, am niSnebma SeiZleba SecdomaSi Segviyvanos

da Roris klasikur cxelebaSi agverios; virusis dabali virulentobis

Stamebis amocnoba SeiZleba ufro rTuli iyos.

� Roris warmoeba monawileTa farTo wres moicavs, romlebic am saqmi-

anobas piradi moxmarebis (Raribi mosaxleoba soflad da qalaqis

SemogarenSi) an komeciuli mizniT ewevian.

sagangebo mdgomareobisas, reagirebis RonisZiebaTa dagegmva 39

� gareuli Roris populaciebi am daavadebisadmi amTviseblebi arian.

� Roris afrikuli cxeleba mkurnalobas ar eqvemdebareba da mis winaaRm-

deg vaqcina ar arsebobs.

zogierTi aRniSnuli faqtoris gamo Roris afrikuli cxeleba aris cxov-

elTa erT-erTi yvelaze Znelad kontrolirebadi da aRmosafxvreli trans-

sasazRvro daavadeba. miuxedavad imisa rom evropis, afrikisa da amerikis

qveynebis mravali magaliTi gviCvenebs, rom erToblivi, kargad organize-

buli kampnaiebis meSveobiT Roris afrikuli cxelebis aRmofxvra/likvi-

dacia SesaZlebelia, amgvar RonisZiebebs, umetes SemTxvevebSi, Sedegad mo-

hyva uamravi janmrTeli Rorisa da sakvebad vargisi xorcis ganadgureba da

SesaZloa meti ziani miayenos Roris mepatroneebs, vidre Tavad daavadebam da

gansakuTrebiT maT, visac daavadeba uSualod ar Sexebia, magram yvela Rori

daexoca daavadebis Tavidan acilebis RonisZiebis farglebSi, Rorebis maso-

brivi likvidaciis Sedegad.

Roris afrikuli cxelebis aRmofxvris strategiebi vaqcinebis ar arsebobis pirobebSi, Roris afrikuli cxelebis aRmofxvris

problemis gadawyvetis erTaderTi xelmisawvdomi saSualebaa Rorebis

dakvla da yvela inficirebuli da savaraudod inficirebuli (daavadebul

RorebTan kontaqtSi myofi) Roris Tavidan mocileba. es ukve gamocdili me-

Todia, romelic karg Sedegebs iZleva Roris afrikul cxelebasa da cxovel-

Ta sxva seriozul transsasazRvro daavadebaTa da maT Soris, Turqulisa da

saqonlis infeqciuri plevropnevmoniis aRmofxvraSi. Tumca, aRiarebulia

isic, rom amgvari radikaluri midgomebi naklebad misaRebia, gansakuTrebiT

ki maSin, rodesac saubaria didi raodenobis cxovelebze; garkveul garemoe-

bebSi, gansakuTrebiT ki im SemTxvevaSi, Tu daavadeba farTod aris gavrcele-

buli da Tavisuflad moxetiale gareuli Rorebis populaciebi arsebobs, am-

gvari zomebi rogorc wesi, warumatebelia.

salikvidacio politikis ZiriTadi elementebi Roris afrikuli cxelebi-

sTvis Semdegnairia:

� infeqciis gamovlena adreul etapze:

– moTxovnebi: savele doneze specialuri momzadebis mqone kadrebi;

da specializebuli sadiagnostiko vet.laboratoria.

� kanonmdeblobis amoqmedeba erovnuli sagangebo RonisZiebebis Sesaxeb

gancxadebisTvis:

– moTxovnebi: Roris afrikuli cxeleba saSiSi infeqciuri daavade-

baa; Sesabamisi uwyebebisTvis dauyovnebliv unda gamoiyos saxsrebi,

raTa maT swrafad SesZlon gadamawyveti zomebis miReba; SemoRebuli

unda iyos sakompensacio strategia; vet.samsaxuris gankargule-

baSi unda iyvnen sazogadoebrivi wesrigis damcvelebi, romlebic

uzrunvelyofen kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesebis Sesrulebas.

� qveynis teritoriis dayofa (zonireba) inficirebul, zedamxedvelo-

bisa da Tavisufal zonebad:

– moTxovnebi: informaciis floba imis Sesaxeb Tu sad aris da sad ar

aris daavadeba (kavSiri laboratorul/epidemiolo giur erTeul-

Tan); cxovelTa gadaadgilebis marTva (maregulirebeli vet.samsax-

urebi unda moqmedebdnen policiasTan, sabaJo samsaxurTan, inspeq-

ciasTan an uSiSroebis sxva samsaxurebTan erTad).

� inspeqtireba da sakarantino RonisZiebebi daavadebis lokalize-

bisTvis maT Soris, Rorebis gadaadgilebis gakontroleba da Roris

xorcis iseTi produqtebiT vaWrobis akrZalva, romlebic SeiZleba in-

ficirebuli iyos:


� inficirebuli an savaraudod inficirebuli (daavadebul RorebTan

kontaqtSi myofi) Rorebis dauyovnebliv dakvla da maTi mepatroneebi-

sTvis adeqvaturi kompensaciis dauyovnebliv gadaxda:

– moTxovnebi: specialurad momzadebuli kadrebi, romlebic

Rorebis dakvlis process misaRebi (humanuri) meTodebiT axor-

cieleben; da erovnuli kanonmdebloba, Rorebis mepatroneebisTvis

kompensaciis gadaxdasTan dakavSirebiT.

� karkasisa da sxva inficirebuli masalebis usafrTxod Camarxva an daw-

va:

– moTxovnebi: hidro/geografiuli teritoriebis Sesaxeb informa-

ciis floba, operaciebis swrafad ganxorcielebis mizniT; kanon-

mdeblobis winaswar amoqmedeba, sagangebo situaciebSi ekologiuri

TvalsazrisiT misaRebi gadawyvetilebebis gansazRvris mizniT.

� inficirebuli teritoriebis gawmenda da dezinfeqciis Catareba:

– moTxovna: ganaxlebuli monacemebi Sesaferisi da rekomendire-

buli sadezinfeqcio saSualebebisa da imis Sesaxeb, Tu sad aris

SesaZlebeli maTi SeZena.

� adre inficirebuli sawarmos /soflis teritoriaze Rorebis Seyvana

mxolod usafrTxo periodis dadgomis Semdeg (e.w oTxi sainkubacio pe-

riodis Semdeg):

– moTxovna: sainformacio kampaniebis Catareba Roris mwarmoebelTa

da adgilobriv fermerTa informirebis mizniT; da moqmedi wesebis

darRvevis Sesaxeb informaciis miwodebisTvis jildos dawesebis

SesaZleblobis ganxilva.

aRniSnuli procedurebis erT-erTi aucileblobaa sakmaod xangrZlivi

periodis ganmavlobaSi kanonmdeblobis amoqmedeba imisaTvis, raTa ar

moxdes daavadebis qveyanaSi Semotana/gavrceleba da GagreTve dadgenili

wesebis Sesrulebis uzrunvelyofisaTvis. sazogadoebis informirebis far-

TomasStabiani kampaniebi, romlebic gaTvaliswinebulia sxvadasxva dainter-

esebuli mxareebisTvis (mwarmoeblebi, seleqcionerebi, mevaWreebi, maregu-

lireblebi, policia da a.S.) Sedegis momtani da damajerebeli unda iyos.

Rorebis likvidacia resurs-intensiuri meTodia, romelic uzrunvely-

ofs daavadebis xanmokle vadaSi aRmofxvras. iqneba Tu ara igi ekonomikurad

efeqtiuri, damokidebulia Rorebis populaciis sididesa da imaze, Tu

ramdenad moaswro Roris afrikulma cxelebam gavrceleba manamde, vidre

RonisZiebebis ganxorcieleba daiwyeboda. Rorebis likvidaciis RonisZiebis

warmatebiT dagvirgvinebis SemTxvevaSi, qveynebi uaxloves momavalSi acx-

adeben daavadebisgan teritoriis gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb. es SeiZleba mniS-

vnelovani iyos saerTaSoriso vaWrobis miznebisTvis, romlebisTvisac aseve

aucilebeli iqneba ganxorcielebuli procedurebis dasabuTeba. salikvi-

dacio politika sruliad efeqturia maSin, rodesac daavadebis aRmofxvris

mTliani jaWvi srulyofilad aris ganxorcielebuli, dawyebuli daavadebis

adreul etapze amocnobidan da damTavrebuli salikvidacio savele pirobeb-

Si RonisZiebaTa gatarebiT. daavadebis amocnobis, diagnozis dasmis an sa-

likvidacio RonisZiebebis gatarebis dagvianebam SeiZleba mTlianad CaSalos

daavadebis aRmofxvris programa.

zonirebazonireba niSnavs im geografiuli teritoriebis gamoyofas, romlebzec daa-

vadebis kontrolis specialuri RonisZiebebi unda ganxorcieldes. aseTi

zonebi warmoadgens infeqciis cnobili an savaraudo kerebis garSemo mde-

bare e.w. koncentriul teritoriebs, romlis SigniTac yvelaze intensiurad

xorcieldeba daavadebis kontrolis RonisZiebebi. zonireba miekuTvneba


iseTi RonisZiebebis ricxvs, romlebic qveyanaSi Roris afrikuli cxelebis

Semotanis dros yvelaze adreul etapze xorcieldeba. zonebis zomisa da

formis gansazRvra SeiZleba moxdes geografiuli sazRvrebis mixedviT an ep-

idemiologiuri mosazrebebidan an resursebidan gamomdinare. magram, vinaid-

an Roris afrikuli cxeleba vrceldeba inficirebuli Roris an masalebis

gadaadiglebis Sedegad, unda gvaxsovdes rom daavadebis gadatana asobiT da

aTasobiT kilometriT daSorebul manZilze erT dReSia SesaZlebeli saxme-

leTo, sazRvao an sahaero transportiT. epizootiis dros, daavadebis loka-

lizebisTvis mxolod da mxolod inficirebuli zonebis gamocxadebis imedad

yofna windauxedavi nabiji iqneba im SemTxvevaSi Tu darwmunebuli ar xarT,

rom SegiZliaT Rorebis (an Roris xorci) gadaadgilebis Tavidan acileba sa-

kontrolo portebSi geografiuli barierebis an sakontrolo zomebis meS-

veobiT (magaliTad, inspeqtireba, sanqcia, konfiskacia da ganadgureba).

zonireba moiTxovs Sida sakontrolo punqtebis mowyobas, romlebsac

(saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi) uSiSroebis sxva TanamSromlebis mxardaWeriT moem-

suraTi 6dainficirebuli zona: gadaadgilebaze kontroli


saxurebian specialurad momzadebuli vet inspeqtorebi da aseve cxovelTa

janmrTelobis cnobis, maTi warmoSobis, daniSnulebis adgilisa da gadaadg-

ilebis miznis (dakvla, gamokveba an jiSis moSeneba) Sesaxeb dokumentebis

Semowmebasa da maTi namdvilobis dadasturebas. mniSvnelovania veterinaru-

li klinikuri Sefaseba sakontrolo punqtebze. praqtikuli gamocdileba

gviCvenebs, rom sanitaruli kordonis SemoReba bevr qveyanaSi arc Tu ise

martivi amocanaa, xolo aseTi RonisZiebebis gverdis avla sakmaod martivad

xdeba. udavoa is faqti, rom cudad organizebuli Roris fermebi, romlebic

inficirebuli zonebidan moSorebiT mdebareobs, SeiZleba ufro didi riskis

qveS imyofebodnen, vidre kargad organizebuli komerciuli fermebi, rom-

lebic inficirebuli zonis teritoriazea ganlagebuli.

cxovelTa jandacvis msoflio organizaciis (OIE) saxelmZRvanelo miTiTe-

bebSi daavadebisgan Tavisufali zonebis aRiareba erT-erTi mniSvnelovani

principia, rogorc Roris afrikuli cxelebis aseve sxva daavadebebis mima-

rT, magram saboloo jamSi, igi damokidebulia adgilobrivi vet.samsaxurebis

mier Sida da gare dainteresebul mxareebisTvis micemul garantiebze.

inficirebuli zonebi

inficirebuli zona moicavs teritorias, romelic mdebareobs uSualod

erTi an meti inficirebuli fermis, sawarmos an soflis garSemo. mis zomasa

da formas gansazRvravs topografiuli maxasiaTeblebi, fizikuri bariere-

bi, administraciuli sazRvrebi da sxva epidemiologiuri mosazrebebi. cxov-

elTa jandacvis msoflio organizaciis rekomendaciaa, rom misi radiusi

daavadebis keris garSemo iyos sul mcire 10 km Roris intensiuri warmoebis

SemTxvevaSi da 50 km eqstensiuri (farTo) warmoebis SemTxvevaSi. intensiuri

warmoeba niSnavs, rom Rorebi saimedod arian daculi sawarmos an fermis

teritoriaze, romlis gareTac gasvlas ar anebeben; eqstensiuri warmoebisas

ki, Rorebs zogjer Tavisuflad xetialis SesaZleblobas aZleven an arasaTa-

nadod akontroleben.

rodesac saqme exeba iseT daavadebas, rogoricaa Roris afrikuli cxele-

ba, romelic haer-wveTovani gziT ar gadaecema, inficirebuli zonebis ga-

mosayofad radiusis gamoyeneba praqtikaSi bolomde gamarTlebuli SeiZleba

ar iyos. mTel rig qveynebSi, soflad, Rorebis nawili naklebad kontrolird-

eba da amitom 50 kilometriani zonebis gamocxadeba iq, sadac gatarebuli

iqneba ZviradRirebuli da mkacri RonisZiebebi, SeiZleba zedmetad da arap-

raqtikuladac ki CaiTvalos; TiToeuli zona warmoadgens 7 850 km2 farTobs

da misi dafarva problematuri SeiZleba iyos vet.samsaxurebisTvis, rom-

lebic SeiZleba kadrebisa da finansuri resursebis naklebobas ganicdid-

nen. inficirebuli zonebis dasadgenad unda ganisazRvros infeqciis keris

farglebi da kargi mmarTvelobis mqone fermebi, romlebmac Tavi daaRw-

ies infeqcias. fermebi SeiZleba arainficirebulad CaiTvalos Tu isini Ria

iqnebian maregulirebeli organos inspeqciisTvis da dadgenil statusTan

Sesabamisobas SeinarCuneben. meores mxriv, aucilebelia meTvalyureobis

warmoeba gacilebiT ufro farTo teritoriaze, romelic SeiZleba moicavdes

mTel qveyanas an konkretul regionebs, rac damokidebulia Rorebis gadaadg-

ilebis cnobil marSrutebze, romlebic marketingis an sxva mosazrebebidan

gamomdinare ganisazRvreba.

daavadebis afeTqebis sawyis etapebze, rodesac misi masStabi jer-kidev

zustad dadgenili ar aris, mizanSewonili iqneba inficirebul zonebad didi

teritoriebis gamocxadeba da Semdgom, rodesac daavadebis zedamxedvelo-

bis Sedegebidan cnobili gaxdeba daavadebis afeTqebis realuri masStabi,

TandaTanobiT maTi farTobis Semcireba. Tu misi masStabebis dagvianebiT

dadgenis Sedegad, adgili eqneba Roris afrikuli cxelebis sxva afeTqebebs


an Tu Tavdapirveli afeTqeba gansakuTrebiT farTod iqneba gavrcelebuli,

albaT ukeTesi iqneba qveynis mTeli teritoriis ganxilva inficirebul zon-

ad da amis Sesaxeb mezobeli qveynebisa da saerTaSoriso organizaciebisTvis

informaciis Setyobineba.

zedamxedvelobis (kontrolis) zonebi

aRniSnuli zonebi geografiulad ufro didia da erT an met inficirebul

zonas moicavs. isini SeiZleba moicavdes provincias (regions|) an admin-

istraciul olqs da xSirad, mTlianad qveyanas. zedamxedvelobis zonaSi

samuSaoebis warmoeba moiTxovs:

� Roris mwarmoebelTa, mevaWreTa, yasabTa, xorcis gamyidvelTa, sasak-

laoebisa da sasaklaoebis inspeqtorTa aqtiurad informirebas, daa-

vadebis amocnobisa da daavadebis SemTxvevebis Setyobinebis aucile-

blobis Sesaxeb;

� sagamomZiebo da monawileobis principze dafuZnebul meTodebSi spe-

cialurad momzadebuli veterinaruli an paraveterinaruli brigade-

bis gaZlierebuli moZraoba daavadebis gamovlenis mizniT saflebSi,

qalaqis periferiebsa da komerciul sawarmoebSi;

� gaZlierebul kontrols daavadebis zemoqmedebis qveS moqceuli

zonebidan saqonlis Semotanis punqtebSi da aseve cocxali saqonlis an

cxoveluri produqtebis bazrebze;

� sazogadoebis informirebis ufro farTomasStabian kampaniebs.

Roris afrikuli cxelebisgan Tavisufali zonebi

Roris afrikuli cxelebisgan Tavisufali zona ganmartebulia, rogorc

qveynis SigniT mdebare teritoria, sadac arc erT Rors ar aReniSneba infeq-

ciiT dasnebovnebis klinikuri niSnebi; yvela saeWvo SemTxvevisTvis, Roris

afrikuli cxelebaze laboratoruli testis Catarebis Sedegad uaryofiTi

pasuxia miRebuli da Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusze seropozitiuri in-

dividumebis raodenoba winaswar dadgenil zRvarze dabalia (< 1 procenti 95

% saimedoobis donesTan mimarTebaSi).

daavadebis afeTqebis SemTxvevaSi (mimdinare an istoriuli), SeiZleba

movaxdinoT Roris afrikuli cxelebisgan Tavisufali zonebis demarka-

cia qveynis im nawilebSi, sadac Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusi aqtiuri

ar aris. vinaidan daavadebas farTod gavrcelebis unari axasiaTebs, reko-

mendebulia rom, qveynis yvela im nawilSi, sadac daavadebis afeTqeba pirve-

lad moxda, mkacri zedamxedvelobis qveS iqnes moqceuli. Roris afrikuli

cxelebisgan Tavisufal zonebSi aqcenti unda gakeTdes mkacr sakarantino

RonisZiebebze imisaTvis, rom inficirebuli zonebidan daavadebis Semotanis

SesaZlebloba Tavidan iqnes acilebuli da mudmivi zedamxedvelobis war-

moebaze, raTa Roris afrikuli cxelebisgan Tavisufali zonebi aseTad iqnes

SenarCunebuli. am zonebSi, iseve rogorc inficirebul da zedamxedvelo-

bis qveS moqceul zonebSi uzrunvelyofili unda iyos igive informacia

daavadebis prevenciisa da daavadebis SemTxvevebis Sesaxeb SetyobinebasTan

dakavSirebiT. aucilebelia, rom es informacia rac SeiZleba swrafad iqnes

gaziarebuli mezobeli qveynebisa da savaWro partiorebisTvis.

Rorisa da Roris xorcis produqtebis komerciuli marketingis jaWvis

Sesaxeb amomwuravi informaciis flobas arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs imisa-

Tvis, rom SesaZlebeli iyos zedamxedvelobis zonebis gansazRvra, maT siaSi

savaraudod inficirebuli zonebis CarTva an gamoricxva da Roris afrikuli

cxelebisgan Tavisufali zonebis gamoyofa.


kompartmentebi (ujredebi)

arsebobs SemTxvevebi, rodesac Roris afrikuli cxelebisgan Tavisufalia

mxolod is konkretuli fermebi, romlebic Cveulebriv gaerTianebuli arian

da romlebzec biousafrTxoeba saTanado donezea daculi. aseT SemTxveva-

Si, es zonebi ganixileba rogorc Roris afrikuli cxelebisgan Tavisufali

kompartmentebi (ujredi) da daavadebisgan Tavisufali kompartmentis sta-

tusis SenarCunebis uzrunvelsayofad fermis mflobelebs saxelmZRvanelo

miTiTebebi gadaecemaT. daavadebisgan Tavisufali kompartmentis garan-

tirebisTvis aucilebelia saxelmwifo sertificirebisa da damoukidebeli

inspeqciis Catareba. aseTi fermebis arsebobas udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs Ror-

is warmoebis uwyvetad gagrZelebis TvalsazrisiT, vinaidan sakvebi romelsac

isini yiduloben (an Tavad awarmoeben) saimedo wyaroebidan aris mopovebuli

da Seesabameba xarisxis standartebs, fermidan cxovelebis gayvana/Semoyvana

mkacrad regulirdeba, cxovelebi asakobrivi jgufebis mixedviT arian dayo-

fili da goWebis asxletis-gamokvebis-dakvlis procesi warmoebs principiT

yvela Sin, yvela gareT, dabinavebis sistemiT. mniSvnelovania, rom muSakebs

SeeZloT Roris afrikuli cxelebisa da sxva infeqciuri daavadebebis amoc-

noba da rom ar hyavdeT sakuTari Rorebi, romlebmac SeiZleba Roris paTo-

genebi Semoitanon Roris afrikuli cxelebisgan Tavisufal koltSi. akredi-

taciis SesanarCuneblad, Roris afrikuli cxelebisgan Tavisuflad cnobili

kompartmentebi unda daeqvemdebaron saxelmwifo vetsamsaxuris muSakebis

mier warmoebul monitorings. kompartmentalizaciis principebi SeiZleba

ufro mcire meurneobebis mimarTac iyos gamoyenebuli, romlis mflobeleb-

sac kargad aqvT gacnobierebuli Rorebis izolirebisa da dacvis aucile-

bloba.

inficirebuli teritoria da saSiSi sakontaqto teritoria

mocemul konteqstSi, inficirebuli teritoria niSnavs epidemiologiur

erTeuls, sadac moxda Rorebis infeqciiT dasnebovneba. es SeiZleba iyos

calkeuli ferma an Sinameurneoba, mTeli sofeli an dasaxleba, an saqonlis

bazari da sasaklao. saSiSi sakontaqto teritoria aris eseTi teritoria,

romelic epidemiologiuri mosazrebebidan gamomdinare SeZleba iyos in-

ficirebuli, miuxedavad imisa, rom daavadebis klinikuri niSnebi jer-kidev

ar aris gamovlenili. inficirebis mizezi SeiZleba iyos axlo mdebareoba da

infeqcia SeiZleba gamovlindes epidemiologiuri mikvlevadobis Sedegad.

inficirebul zonebSi gasatarebeli RonisZiebebiRoris afrikuli cxelebis virusiT infeqcirebul zonaSi arsebobs ori

amocana: 1) infeqciis Semdgomi gavrcelebis Tavidan acileba sakarantino

RonisZiebebisa da Rorebis gadaadgilebaze kontrolis dawesebis meSveobiT

da 2) umokles vadaSi infeqciis wyaroebis ganadgureba, savaraudod infeqci-

iT dasnebovnebuli Rorebis dakvlis, leSis usafrTxod utilizaciisa da de-

konteminaciis uzrunvelyofis gziT.

aRniSnuli miznebis misaRwevad gansaxorcielebeli RonisZiebebis bal-

ansi garemoebebzea damokidebuli. Tu Rorebi saimedod arian Caketili fer-

mis teritoriaze da zedamxedvelobisTvis da sakarantino RonisZiebebisa

da Rorebis gadaadgilebaze kontrolis gansaxorcieleblad gankuTvnili

resursebi Sesabamisi odenobiT aris xelmisawvdomi, maSin saukeTeso gadawy-

vetileba iqneboda yvela Roris dakvla mxolod inficirebul teritorie-

bze da Tu SesaZlebelia, im saSiS sakontaqto teritoriebze, romlebic gan-

sazRvruli iqneba epidemiologiuri mikvlevadobis Sedegad im SemTxvevaSic

ki, rodesac zogierTi maTgani janmrTelad gamoiyureba. Tu inficirebul


zonaSi Rorebi kargad ar kontrolirdebian da SemdgomSi daavadebis swra-

fad gavrcelebis an gareuli RorebisTvis gadacemis riski arsebobs, an Tu

zedamxedvelobisTvis da sakarantino RonisZiebebisa da Rorebis gadaadg-

ilebaze kontrolis gansaxorcieleblad gankuTvnili resursebi arasak-

marisi odenobiT aris xelmisawvdomi, maSin mizanSewonili iqneba yvela Roris

dakvla inficirebul da masTan dakavSirebul zonebSi.

Tumca, faqtobrivad, ukontrolod moxetiale Rorebis dakvla ufro daa-

vadebis gavrcelebas uwyobs xels, vidre mis gakontrolebas. es marTlac ase

iqneba, Tu sabazro fasebis mixedviT kompensaciis gadaxda dauyovnebliv ar

moxdeba. am mxriv, saukeTeso gamosavalia davarwmunoT Roris mepatroneebi

imaSi, rom cxovelebi gareT ar gamouSvan da rom maT Rorebs dakvla ar emu-

qreba Tu ki Roris afrikuli cxelebis klinikuri niSnebi ar gamouvlindebaT.

Roris mepatroneebisa da maTi asociaciebis mxridan sruli mxardaWeris mop-

ovebas arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs daavadebis kontrolis efeqturad ganxor-

cielebisaTvis da amitom, aucilebelia SevagebinoT maT raoden seriozulia

arsebuli mdgomareoba da ra Sedegebi da garTulebebi SeiZleba mohyves

dadgenili wesebis Seusruleblobas da Rorebis Tavisuflad gadaadgilebas. sakontrolo RonisZiebebis CaSla Semdgom sirTuleebs Seuqmnis Roris sxva

mwarmoeblebs regionSi.

xelmisawvdomi unda iyos iaffasiani, magram efeqturi sadezinfeqcio

saSualebebis (magaliTad, 2 procentiani kaustikuri soda) uxvi maragi da

Roris mepatroneebs unda ganemartoT, rom sasurvelia SezRudon mimosvla

TavianTi meurneobis teritoriaze da uzrunvelyon, rom yvela pirma, romel-

ic meurneobis teritoriaze Semova, aucileblad kargad daamuSavos fexsac-

meli sadezinfeqcio saSualebebiT Sesvlisas da teritorias datovebisas (an

Caicvas misTvis SeTavazebuli fexsacmeli). yovelive amis saboloo mizania

dasaklavi Rorebis raodenobis absolutur minimumamde dayvana.

daavadebis zedamxedveloba da sxva epidemiologiuri

gamoZiebebi

specialurad momzadebuli veterinarebis an inspeqtorTa jgufebis mier in-

tensiurad unda warmoebdes Roris afrikuli cxelebis zedamxedveloba. aR-

niSnulma vet. muSakebma an inspeqtorTa jgufebma Roris koltebs xSirad unda

Cautaron klinikuri Semowmeba da Semdeg Tavadac saTanadod unda Caitaron

personaluri dekonteminaciis procedurebi, raTa maT mier ar moxdes in-

feqciis erTi fermidan meoreze gadatana.

infeqciiT dasnebovnebuli Roris koltis aRmoCenisas, aseve unda ganx-

orcieldes daavadebis winamorbedi an Semdgomi SemTxvevebis mikvlevadoba.

winamorbedi SemTxvevebis mikvlevadoba niSnavs inficirebul teritoriaze

Roris afrikuli cxelebis pirveli klinikuri SemTxvevebis dafiqsirebamde

sami an oTxi kviriT adre Semoyvanili nebismieri, axali Rorebis warmoSobis

adgilis dadgenas (vinaidan swored isini SeiZleba warmoadgendnen infeqciis

wyaros) da im fermebis Semowmebas, saidanac am Rorebis gadmoyvana moxda. mom-

devno SemTxvevebis mikvlevadoba niSnavs Rorebis, xorcproduqtebis, maTi

sakvebis an nebismieri sxva savaraudod inficirebuli masalebis daniSnuleb-

is adgilis dadgenas, romlebic gatanili iqna inficirebuli teritorii-

dan pirveli klinikuri SemTxvevebis dafiqsirebamde an mas Semdeg. Semdgom

xdeba im femrebis inspeqtireba, romlebic SeiZleba am Rorebis mier iyos in-

ficirebuli. winamorbedi da momdevno SemTxvevebis mikvlevadoba SeiZleba

garTuldes maaSin, rodesac adgili aqvs Rorebis gadayvanas saqonlis auq-

cionebisa an bazrobebis meSveobiT.


inficirebuli da saSiSi sakontaqto teritoriebis karantinSi

moqceva

inficirebuli da saSiSi sakontaqto teritoriebi dauyovnebliv unda moeqc-

es karantinSi da aikrZalos coxali Rorebis, Roris xorcisa da sxva savar-

audod konteminirebuli masalebis gadaadgileba daavadebis kontrolis

Semdgomi RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebamde. satransporto saSualebebsa da

sxva aRWurvilobas unda Cautardes dezinfeqcia manamde, vidre isini datove-

ben inficirebul da saSiS sakontaqto teritoriebs.

kontroli Rorebis gadaadgilebaze

inficirebuli zonis teritoriaze cocxali Rorebis, Roris xorcisa da

xorcproduqtebis gadaadgileba (gatana/Semotana) saerTod unda aikrZalos.

didi sifrTxilea saWiro imis uzrunvelsayofad, rom inficirebuli zonidan

arc cocxali Rorebisa da arc Roris xorcis kontrabanduli wesiT gatana

ar moxdes. kanonmdeblobis amoqmedeba unda moicavdes jarimebis dawesebas

SemoRebuli wesebis darRvevaze. amgvarad infeqciis gavrcelebis maRali

riskis gamo, inficirebul toretoriaze droebiT unda daixuros Roris

bazrebi da sasaklaoebi. inficirebul zonebSi Roris mwarmoeblebisTvis

amgvari akrZalviT gamowveuli seriozuli ekonomikuri Sedegebis gaTval-

iswinebiT, maTTvis miwodebuli informacia unda ganmartavdes dawesebuli

akrZalvis mizans - situaciis normalizebisTvis. daavadeba rac SeiZleba

swrafad unda daeqvemdebaros kontrols - da xels uwyobdes maTi mxridan

SemoRebuli wesis dacvas.

inficirebuli da savaraudod inficirebuli Rorebis dakvla

Rorebis dakvlasTan dakavSirebiT ra gadawyvetilebac ar unda iqnes miRebu-

li (magaliTad yvela Roris daxocva inficirebul da savaraudod im inficire-

bul teritoriebze, romlebzec ukve dadasturda daavadebis gavrceleba,

an Rorebis daxocva mxolod inficirebul teritoriebze), Rorebis dakvla

dauyovnebliv unda moxdes. savaraudod inficirebuli teritoriebis in-

speqtireba kviraSi erTxel an yovel or kviraSi erTxel unda ganxorcieldes.

Roris mepatroneebs unda moeTxovos, rom likvidatorTa jgufis Camosvladme

erTi dRiT adre Rorebs Tavi erTad mouyaron da Caketon isini. cxovelebis

likvidacia unda moxdes humanuri meTodebis gamoyenebiT. Rorebis likvi-

daciisTvis gamoiyeneba sanadiro Tofebi an gamosawevRerZiani pnevmaturi

iaraRi. ZuZuTa an nebismieri asakis goWebisTvis SesaZlebelia sasikvdilo

ineqciebis gamoyeneba (magaliTad, barbituratis) Tu amis SesaZlebloba ar-

sebobs. gamosawevRerZiani pnevmaturi iaraRis gamoyenebisas, operatorebs

unda esmodeT, rom Rorebi SeiZleba gaTiSul mdgomareobaSi imyofebodnen

da ar iyvnen mokluli da amitom Camarxvamde an dawvamde, aucilebelia saTa-

nado zomebis miReba da darwmuneba imaSi, rom Rorebi namdvilad moklulebi

arian. dauSvebelia Tofebis gamoyeneba daxurul sivrceSi, sadac rikoSetis

safrTxe arsebobs. am RonisZiebis Sesasruleblad mxolod kompetenturi da

gamocdili kadrebi unda iyvnen gamoyenebuli, raTa Tavidan iqnes acilebuli

adamianebisa da Rorebis garda sxva cxovelebis usafrTxoebisTvis safrTxis

Seqmnis SesaZlebloba.

Tu Rorebi meurneobis teritoriaze saimedod ar arian Caketili an Tu maT

soflis SemogarenSi ukontrolod xetialis SesaZlebloba eZlevaT, maSin

SesaZloa saWiro gaxdes monadireTa/likvidatorTa jgufebis gagzavna, rom-

lebic am Rorebs ipovnian da daxocaven. amgvari RonisZiebis warmateba damok-

idebulia sxvadasxva faqtorebze (maT Soris, adgilis topografiaze), rom-

lebic saTanadod unda iyos ganxiluli manamde, vidre saqmes SeudgebodeT.


gareuli RorebisTvis da SesaZloa Tavisuflad moxetiale RorebisTvis,

romelTa marTvac SeuZlebelia: zogierT qveynaSi, romelSic Roris afriku-

li cxelebis kontroli sirTules warmoadgenda, Rorebis TofiT mokvlaze

gacilebiT ufro efeqturi aRmoCnda maTTvis xafangis mowyoba im adgilebSi,

sadac cnobili iyo Tavisuflad moxetiale an gareuli Rorebis arsebobis

Sesaxeb da SigniT moTavsebuli satyuaras meSveobiT erTdroulad ramoden-

ime Roris daWera. Tu aseTi sistemis gamoyenebas arCevT, maSin sasargeblo

iqneba informaciis mopoveba gareuli Rorebis qcevis, maTi kvebis, habitatisa

da maTi populaciebis raodenobis Sesaxeb im personalisgan, romelic kompe-

tenturia gareul cxovelebTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebSi.

Tavisuflad moxetiale Rorebis dasaWerad, satyuaras saxiT, iyeneben si-

mindisgan damzadebul salafavs, romelic duRils iwyebs xuTidan 15 dRemde

suraTi 7 Rorebis dakvlisas nimuSebis aReba: 2/3 jer gadidebuli RviZli, tipiuri

pateqialuri sisxlCaqcevebi Tirkmelebze.


vadaSi, rac haeris temperaturazea damokidebuli. salafavis dasamzadeblad

iyeben didi zomis (50-300 litramde tevadobis) daxurul WurWels, romel-

ic ivseba simindis marcvlebiT da badagiT (SesaZlebelia Saqris sxva wyaros

gamoyeneba) da inaxeba, vidre duRilis procesis Sedegad buStulebi ar war-

moiSveba da daxuruli WurWelidan mZafri motkbo suni ar wamova.

aRniSnuli variantis ganxilvis SemTxvevaSi, Rorebis savaraudo adgil-

samyofelis dadgena xdeba axlad datovebuli kvalis an iseTi niSnebis aRmo-

Cenis Sedegad rogoricaa mZuanobis niSnebi da eqskrementebi (sakvebis miRe-

bis niSnebi, an Roris eqskrementebSi sisvelis arseboba Tu ar arseboba). amis

Semdeg, satyuaras saxiT damzadebul simindis salafavs samidan Svid dRemde

toveben moniSnul teritoriebze, Rorebis SerCeul adgilas Setyuebis

mizniT. rodesac Tavisuflad moxetiale an gareuli Rorebi sakvebs miag-

neben, SesaZlebeli iqneba ramodenime cxovelis xafangiT (galiiT) daWera.

amisaTvis, xafangSi erTianad daxvavebuli sakvebis grovaSi magrdeba palo,

romelzec mibmulia bawari da rodesac kvebis procesSi Rorebi gamoedebian

bawars, igi amoagdebs palos da xafangis karic daiketeba (galiis zoma: 3m x 3m).

xafangebi yoveldRiurad unda Semowmdes cxovelebis daWeris, gacxrilvisa

da satyuaras damatebis mizniT. Rorebis likvidaciis procedurebTan dakavSirebiT damatebiTi infor-

maciisTvis mimarTeT FAO-s saxelmZRvanelos, cxovelTa likvidaciis meSveo-

biT daavadebis aRmofxvris procedurebis Sesaxeb. gareuli Rorebis daWera

unda moxdes Sesabamis institutebSi an universitetebSi gareuli cxovelebis

dargis specialistebTan konsultaciebis warmoebis Sedegad.

leSis usafrTxod ganTavseba

daklul an daavadebisgan bunebrivad daxocil cxovelTa leSis saTanadod

ganTavseba Seicavs imis uzrunvelyofas, rom cxovelTa leSi aRar warmoad-

gnes paTogenis Semdgomi (pirdapiri an arapirdapiri gziT) gadacemis risks

virusisadmi amTviseblobis mqone sxva cxovelebze (agreTve im cxovelebis

meSveobiT, romlebic ikvebebian leSiT an nagavsayrelebze an sakvebisa da wy-

lis dabinZurebiT). amgvarad leSis ganTavseba Cveulebriv gulisxmobs mis

Rrmad Camarxvas, Tu niadagisa da gruntis wylebis horizonti amisaTvis xel-

sayrel pirobebs uzrunvelyofs da miwis amosaRebad saWiro aRWurviloba

arsebobs; an dawvas, Tu amisaTvis saWiro sawvav-sapoxi masalebi, rogoricaa

Zveli saburavebi, moipoveba da cecxlis balaxsa da buCqnarisTvis wakidebis

safrTxe metismetad maRali ar aris. saukeTeso variantia, rodesac neSTis

ganTavseba imave fermaze xdeba, sadac cxovelebi dakles, magram Tu adgilze

ganTavseba ar xerxdeba, SesaZlebelia leSis gadatana hermetulad daxuruli

satransporto saSualebebiT, ekologiuri TvalsazrisiT misaReb adgilas,

romelic inficirebuli zonis teritoriaze iqneba ganlagebuli. aseve unda

izrunoT damatebiT manqanazec, romelic pirvels gahyveba da SesaZlo ga-

Jonvis SemTxvevaSi adgilis dezinfeqciisTvis an satransporto saSualebis

mwyobridan gamosvlis SemTxvevaSi iqneba gamoyenebuli samaSvelo operacieb-

is dasawyebad im SemTxvevaSi, Tu dakluli Rorebis transportirebisas raime

problema warmoiSveba. garkveul garemoebebSi, sasurvelia, neSTis ganTavsebis adgilas, pirveli

ramodenime dRis ganmavlobaSi, gamafrTxilebeli niSnis aRmarTva.

ganTavsebis procedurebTan dakavSirebiT damatebiTi informaciisTvis

mimarTeT FAO-s saxelmZRvanelos cxovelTa likvidaciis meSveobiT daavade-

bis aRmofxvris procedurebis Sesaxeb.


gawmenda

es moicavs inficirebul teritoriebze garemos saguldagulod dasufTave-

basa da dezinfeqciis Catarebas, ra drosac gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda

daeTmos cxovelebis erTad Tavmoyris adgilebs: saRoreebs, fardulebs,

bagebs, ezoebsa da RorebisTvis gankuTvnili sasmeli wylis WurWels.

dezinfeqcia

dezinfeqcias arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs Rorebis likvidaciis procesSi,

Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusiT an sxva paTogenebiT garemos dabinZureb-

is riskis TvalsazrisiT. dabinZurebul masalebze sadezinfeqcio saSualebe-

suraTi 8 dakluli Rorebis damarxva da garemos tipiuri (rekomendirebuli) damuSaveba


bis Sesxureba araefeqturia; dezinfeqciis Catarebamde aucilebelia mkvrivi

narCenebis gatana Casamarxad an gasanadgureblad.

aucilebelia savaraudod dabinZurebuli masalebis (rogoricaa nakeli,

qveSagebi, Tiva da sakvebi) gatana da ganadgureba iseve, rogorc leSis. re-

komendebulia iaffasiani masalebiT aSenebuli bagebis dawva, rodesac arse-

bobs virusis gadarCenis an Ornithodoros ojaxis tkipebis arsebobis saSiSroeba.

Tumca, Roris mepatroneebi am RonisZiebas iSviaTad xvdebian enTuziazmiT da

im SemTxvevaSi, Tu saRore mdebareobs ezoSi sxva SenobebTan axlos, bagebis

dawva SeiZleba saxifaToc iyos. akaricidiTa da aseve sadezinfeqcio aero-

zoliT teritoriis saguldagulod damuSaveba SeiZleba erTaderTi arCevani

iyos. tkipebis ar arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, sakmarisi iqneba mxolod sadezinfeq-

cio aerozoliT damuSaveba, vinaidan proteinis garemos gareSe Roris afri-

kuli cxelebis virusi sicocxliunarianobas didi xniT ver inarCunebs.

saTanado sadezinfeqcio saSualebebi Roris afrikuli cxelebis viru-

sisTvis Seicavs 2% natriumis hidroqsids, 2% kaustikur sodas, detergen-

tebsa da fenolis Semcvlelebs (2-dan 3 procentamde qloriniT) da iodis

kompaundebs (Semcvelebs).

gawmendis procedurebTan dakavSirebiT damatebiTi informaciisTvis

mimarTeT FAO-s saxelmZRvanelos likvidaciis meSveobiT daavadebis aR-

mofxvris procedurebis Sesaxeb.

saRoris daclil mdgomareobaSi datovebis periodi

Rorebis dakvlis Semdeg, aucilebelia saRoris dalageba-gawmendis proce-

durebis Catareba. amis Semdeg teritoria daclili rCeba garkveuli peri-

odiT, romelic ganisazRvreba paTogenis sicocxlisunarianobis savarau-

do vadiT. rogorc wesi, es periodi ufro xanmoklea cxeli klimatis qvey-

nebSi, vidre civi an zomieri klimatis mqone qveynebSi. cxovelTa jandacvis

msoflio organizaciis rekomendaciaa, rom es periodi 40 dRemde mainc ga-

grZeldes. ufro xanmokle periodi SeiZleba usafrTxo iyos tropikebSi,

vinaidan rogorc gamocdileba gviCvenebs, aseT adgilebSi Rorebis saRoreSi

xelaxla dabinaveba usafrTxoa ukve xuTi dRis Semdeg da Tanac yovelgvari

dasufTavebisa da dezinfeqciis gareSe. Tumca, saeWvoa, rom infeqciis keris

sabolood likvidacia 40 dReze nakleb vadaSi iyos SesaZlebeli.

Tu mocemul teritoriaze cnobilia Roris afrikuli cxelebis viru-

sisTvis kompetenturi veqtorebis arsebobis Sesaxeb, maSin virusis gadarCe-

nis SesaZleblobis Tavidan asacileblad aucilebelia teritoriis saguld-

agulod damuSaveba akaricidebiT.

zedamxedvelobis zonebSi misaRebi zomebizedamxedvelobis zonebSi daavadebis kontrolis Semdegi zomebia misaRebi:

� Roris afrikuli cxelebisTvis SemoRebuli unda iqnes daavadebis

gaZlierebuli zedamxedvelobis meqanizmebi. yovelkvireulad unda

moxdes Rorebis inspeqtireba zonaSi da maTi mepatroneebis gamok-

iTxva daavadebis SemTxvevebis, Rorebis gadaadgilebis Sesaxeb da a.S.

aucilebelia daavadebuli Rorebis guldasmiT Semowmeba da sadiag-

nostiko nimuSebis laboratoriaSi gagzavna. zedamxedvelobis ganxor-

cieleba ufro martivi iqneba, Tu zogierTi samuSaos Sesruleba ukve

informirebul fermerebs daevaleba, romelTac speciluri momzadeba

aqvT gavlili.

� unda aikrZalos Rorebis, Roris xorcisa da Roris xorcis produqte-

bis gatana inficirebuli zonebidan. SeiZleba daSvebuli iqnes maTi

gadatana zedamxedvelobis zonebidan Tavisufal zonebSi, magram mx-


olod janmrTelobis Semowmebisa da auTenturobis (zusti warmoSo-

bis) nebarTvis gacemis Semdeg.

� SeiZleba daSvebuli iqnes sasaklaoebisa da Roris xorcis gadama-

muSavebeli sawarmoebis muSaoba, magram zoosanitaruli wesebisa da

normebis mkacrad dacvis pirobiT.

� mkacri zedamxedvelobisa da dadgenili wesebisa da normebis mkacri

dacvis pirobiT, SeiZleba daSvebuli iqnes janmrTeli, cocxali

RorebiT da sakvebad vargisi Roris xorciT vaWrobis gagrZeleba.

daavadebisgan Tavisufal zonebsa da seqtorebSi misaRebi zomebi Roris afrikuli cxelebisgan Tavisuflebul zonebSi aqcenti unda gakeTdes

daavadebis Semotanis prevenciaze da saerTaSorisod misaRebi mtkicebule-

bebis dagrovebaze, romlebic adasturebs rom aRniSnuli zonebi namdvilad

Tavisufalia Roris afrikuli cxelebisgan.

Rorebis an Roris xorcis produqtebis Semotana inficirebuli zonebidan

unda aikrZalos, xolo zedamxedvelobis zonebidan SeiZleba daSvebuli iyos

oficialuri nebarTvis safuZvelze da mxolod specialuri daniSnulebi-

sTvis; kargi mmarTvelobis mqone fermebs, romlebic inficirebuli zonebis

teritoriaze Roris afrikuli cxelebisgan Tavisufal kompartmentebad

aris cnobili, epidemiologiuri da sanitaruli TvalsazrisiT iseTive sta-

tusi unda hqondes, rogorc zedamxedvelobis zonebs. kompartmenetebis

inspeqtirebas awarmoeben calkeuli pirebi an jgufebi, romlebic manamde

inficirebul teritoriaze minimum 72 saaTis ganmavlobaSi ar gasulan. in-

speqciebis saregistracio reestri or egzemplarad unda warmoebdes (erTi

gadaecema mepatrones, meore ki uwyebaSi inaxeba).

Rorebis xelaxla moSenebaSeTanxmebuli salikvidacio periodis dasasruls, adre inficirebul ferme-

bze an soflebSi SesaZlebeli iqneba Rorebis xelaxla Semotana im SemTxvevaSi, Tu arsebobs damarwmunebeli safuZveli vifiqroT, rom am fermebs/soflebs

xelaxla inficireba aRar emuqreba. Rorebis suladobis srulad aRdgena

unda moxdes mxolod e.w saindikatoro Rorebis Semotanis Semdeg, TiToeul

adre inficirebul fermaze (normaluri suladobis daaxloebiT 10 procen-

tis odenobiT). es saindikatoro Rorebi yoveldRiuri meTvalyureobis qveS

unda darCnen eqvsi kviris ganmavlobaSi imisaTvis, rom davrwmundeT marTla

arian isini Tavisufali Roris afrikuli cxelebisgan Tu ara, vidre daSve-

buli iqneba Rorebis suladobis srulad aRdgena. Roris mepatroneebma unda

gaacnobieron is sargebeli, romelsac biousafrTxoebis danergili princi-

pebis dacva uzrunvelyofs da is Sedegebi, romelsac am principebis darRveva

iwvevs. Rorebis suladobis aRdgenis Semdeg, mocemul teritoriaze auci-

lebelia daavadebis intensiuri zedamxedvelobis warmoeba im dromde mainc,

vidre mocemuli teritoria daavadebisgan Tavisufal teritoriad ar iqneba

gamocxadebuli.

mniSvnelovania, rom xelaxla moSenebis mizniT gamoyenebuli Rorebi

Semotanili iyos Roris afrikuli cxelebisgan cnobili Tavisufali zonebi-

dan an qveynebidan. Tu Rorebis Semotana sxva qveynebidan xdeba, cnobili unda

iyos am qveynebis statusi Roris sxva mniSvnelovan daavadebebTan mimarTeba-

Si. daavadebis nacvlad sxva daavadebis Semotana katasrofis tolfasi iqneba,

Tu gaviTvaliswinebT rom mis kontrols an aRmofxvras SeiZleba wlebi das-

Wirdes, rom araferi vTqvaT masTan dakavSrebul xarjebze.

Roris afrikuli cxelebis aRmofxvraze mimarTuli kampaniis dasrulebis

Semdeg, mocemul teiritoriaze Rorebis xelaxla moSenebisas SesaZlebeli


iqneba genetikuri jiSebis gaumjobeseba Rorebis xelaxla moSenebis pro-

gramis nawilis saxiT, im SemTxvevaSi Tu:

� Rorebi Semoyvanili iqneba iseTi saimedo wyaroebidan, rogoricaa ad-

gilobrivi komerciuli fermebi, romlebic infeqcias gadaurCnen an

sazRvargareTidan;

� Roris mwarmoeblebi da bazari Tanamedrove jiSebs aniWeben upi-

ratesobas;

� modernizebuli meRoreobis praqtikis ganxorcielebisa da biousa-

frTxoebis ZiriTadi RonisZiebebis xelSewyoba moxdeba sakonsulta-

cio momsaxurebis gawevis meSveobiT;

� Roris Tanamedrove jiSebisTvis adeqtvaturi marTvis done iqneba

uzrunvelyofili.

Roris xelaxla moSenebisas, usafrTxo warmoebis praqtikis xelSewyoba erT-

erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani RonisZiebaa. es gulisxmobs Rorebis Senaxvas

saimedod aSenebul saRoreebSi, saidanac maT gareT gasvlis saSualeba ar

miecema da imis uzrunvelyofas, rom Rorebs salafavi (narCenebi) sakvebis

saxiT miewodeba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu igi saTanadod iqneba momzadebu-

li (jer 30 wuTis ganmavlobaSi unda iduRos, Semdeg ki gacivdes) an saerTod

ar miewodeba.

Roris afrikuli cxelebis kontrolis/aRmofxvris RobisZiebaTa warmatebisTvis gadamwyveti faqtorebi sazogadoebis informireba da ganaTleba

sazogadoebis informirebisa da ganaTlebis kampaniebi unda ganixilos,

rogorc daavadebis kontrolisa da aRmofxvris kampaniebis mniSvnelovani

elementebi. isini umTavresad gamiznuli unda iyos mcire fermerebze so-

flad da qalaqis periferiebSi, romlebic daavadebiT da Roris afrikuli

cxelebis kontrolis RonisZiebebiT gamowveuli zemoqmedebis qveS moeqc-

nen. radio programebi da sazogadoebrivi Sekrebebi informaciis gaziarebis

saukeTeso saSualebas warmoadgens. aseTi Sexvedrebi gansakuTrebiT kargad

pasuxobs am mizans, radganc isini uzrunvelyofs sazogadoebis monawileobis

SesaZleblobas da SekiTxvebis dasmisa da iseTi masalebis gavrcelebis saSu-

alebas, rogoricaa lifletebi da posterebi, romlebic xels uwyobs sazoga-

doebis Semecnebis donis amaRlebas. amgvari kampania unda awvdides adamianebs informacias daavadebis bunebi-

sa da imis Sesaxeb Tu rogor unda moiqcnen saeWvo SemTxvevebis winaSe dadgo-

misas, daavadebis aRmofxvris kampaniis msvlelobisas ris gakeTeba SeuZliaT

da risi ara da ratom da aseve ra upiratesobebi mohyveba Sedegad Roris

afrikuli cxelebisgan gaTavisuflebas. aqcenti unda gakeTdes imaze, rom

Roris afrikuli cxelebis kontroli sasikeTo Sedegebis momtania uSualod

Roris mwarmoebelTaTvis da ara mTavrobisTvis. magram, es dadebiTi Sedegebi

SeiZleba gabaTildes, Tu zedmetad mkacri sakontrolo zomebis gatarebiT

gamowveuli ekonomikuri danakargebi bevrad aRemateba im danakargebs, rom-

lebic daavadebis mizeziT iqna gamowveuli.fermebSi Roris afrikuli cxelebis gavrclebis Tavidan asacileblad

Roris mepatroneTa mier RonisZiebebis gatareba da kargi praqtikis ganxor-

cieleba, uzrunvelyofs aseve Roris nebismieri sxva paTogenebis gavrceleb-

is Tavidan acilebasac.


kompensacia

yvela im fermerebisTvis da sxva pirebisTvis, romelTac Rorebi dauxoces,

CamoarTves Roris xorcis produqtebi an gaunadgures qoneba Roris afri-

kuli cxelebis aRmofxvris RonisZiebis gatarebis dros, mniSvnelovania sa-

marTliani kompensaciis gadaxda, pirutyvis bazarze moqmedi fasebis mixed-

viT. kompensaciis gadaxda SedegebisTvis ufro rTulia, vidre pirdapiri

danakargebisTvis da SesaZloa miuRebeli iyos. kompensaciis gadaxda unda

moxdes myisierad, araadeqvaturi an dagvianebuli kompensacia Tavis Tavad

arasamarTliania da uaryofiT zegavlenas axdens kampaniaze, vinaidan es iwvevs

ukmayofilebis zrdas, undoblobasa da kargavs fermerebs TanamSromlobis

survils da ubiZgebs maTi mxridan daavadebis faqtebis damalvas. es aseve

xels uwyobs inficirebuli zonebidan Rorebis kontrabanduli wesiT gamo-

tanasa da aralegulurad gayidvas, rac danakargebis Tavdian acilebis

mizniT xdeba. am SemTxvevaSi saukeTeso gamosavali iqneboda Rorebisa da

produqtebis sabazro Rirebulebis dafarva. kompensaciis gadaxdis mizneb-

isTvis, danakargebis Sefaseba unda moxdes gamocdili, damoukidebeli

Semfaseblebis mier, Tu amis SesaZlebloba arsebobs. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi,

SesaZlebelia Roris koltebis, xorcisa da sxva produqtebis kategoriebis

mixedviT Sefaseba. im qveynebSi, sadac Roris sxvadsxva jiSebia moSenebuli,

dakluli RorebisTvis kompensaciis odenobis gansazRvris yvelaze sa-

marTliani xerxia wonis mixedviT, Tanabari realuri fasis gadaxda erT kilo-

gramze gaangariSebiT da amgvarad Roris jiSiT asakobriv/woniT jgufebSi

ganpirobebuli sxvaobebiT Seqmnili problemebis Tavidan acileba. fuladi

kompensaciis nacvlad Roris mepatroneebisTvis SesaZlebelia sajiSe saqon-

lis Canacvlebis SeTavazeba, Tu ki es maTTvis misaRebi iqneba. Semfaseblebs

Soris aucileblad unda iyvnen kerZo an arasamTavrobo seqtorebis warmo-

madgenlebi, rac ori mizeziT aris ganpirobebuli: (1) azris/fasis dabalanse-

ba da (2) ndoba sakuTari wris warmomadgenlis mimarT.

socialuri daxmareba da reabilitacia

Tavad Roris afrikuli cxeleba, Roris afrikuli cxelebis kontrolis

RonisZiebebi da Roris afrikuli cxelebis aRmofxvris kampania, epizooti-

isa da aRdgenis periodSi, savaraudod, sirTuleebs Seuqmnis daavadebis ze-

moqmedebis qveS moqceul fermerebsa da mosaxleobas. amis gaTvaliswinebiT,

mTavrobam unda ganixilos daxmarebis gawevis SesaZlebloba daavadebis ze-

moqmedebis qveS moqceuli mosaxleobis jgufebisTvis. am dros SeiZleba ad-

gili hqondes sakvebis ukmarisobas, gansakuTrebiT ki, inficirebul zonebSi

da sasrvelia daxmarebis uzrunvelyofa daavadebisgan Tavisufali zonebi-

dan Roris xorcis an sxva saxis cxoveluri proteinis miwodebis formiT. daa-

vadebiT gamowveuli zemoqmedebis qveS moqceul fermebs SeiZleba dasWirdeT

sareabilitacio mxardaWeris gaweva, rac daexmarebaT imaSi, rom normaluri

cxoverebis wess daubrundnen RonisZiebaTa dasrulebis Semdeg. daxmareba

unda gaewios im fermebs, romelTac Tavi daaRwies infeqcias, magram miuxeda-

vad amisa Roris gayidvas ver axerxeben Rorebis gadaadgilebis akrZalvis an

sasaklaoebis daxurvis gamo da romelTac didi raodenobiT hyavT gasazrde-

li goWebi, romlebsac sakvebi esaWiroebaT. sadac SeuZlebelia Rorebis

sarealizaciod dakvlis gakontroleba, unda ganixilos daxmarebis gawevis

SesaZlebloba sakvebis Sesasyidad saWiro Tanxis gamoyofis formiT. amasTan,

unda vaRiaroT is faqti, rom fermerebi romlebmac Tavi daaRwies infeqcias

epizootiis dros, erovnul resurs warmoadgenen da imsaxureben waxalisebas

da ara dasjas.


Roris afrikuli cxelebis aRmofxvrisa da qveynis, zonis an regionis doneze daavadebisgan ganTavisuflebis faqtis dadastureba saerTaSoriso moTxovnebi

cxovelTa janmrTelobis msoflio organizaciis (OIE) xmeleTis cxovelTa

janmrTelobis dacvis kodeqsi gansazRvravs, rom qveyana SeiZleba Roris

afrikuli cxelebisgan Tavisufal qveyanad CaiTvalos maSin, rodesac damt-

kicdeba, rom Roris afrikuli cxeleba qveyanaSi wina sami wlis ganmavlobaSi

ar dafiqsirebula. es periodi 12 Tvemdea Semcirebuli adre inficirebuli

qveynebisTvis, romlebSic salikvidacio politika ukve ganxorcielda da

damtkicda, rom arc Sinaur da arc gareul RorebSi an Rorebis sxva velur pop-

ulaciebSi daavadebis niSnebi ar SeimCneva. magram, daavadebisgan Tavisufali

zonis statusis dasadastureblad rekomendebulia damarwmunebeli mtkice-

bulebebis mopoveba, gamiznuli virusuli zedaxedvelobis warmoebis meSveo-

biT da utyuari informaciis miwodeba savaWro partniorebisa da mezobeli

qveynebisTvis.

igive pirobebi moqmedebs Roris afrikuli cxelebisgan Tavisufali

zonebis mimarT. ama Tu im qveynis zona SeiZleba Roris afrikuli cxelebi-

sgan Tavisufal zonad iqnes miCbeuli maSin, rodesac daavadeba qveynis mTel

teirotirazea dafiqsirebuli, magram Sinaur an gareul RorebSi daavadebis

damadasturebeli klinikuri, serologiuri an epidemiologiuri niSnebi ar

aRiniSneboda gasuli sami wlis ganmavlobaSi mocemuli zonis teritoriaze,

an 12 Tvis manZilze - adre inficirebuli zonis teritoriaze, romelSic sa-

likvidacio politika ganxorcielda da sadac SesaZlebelia imis damtkiceba,

rom arc Sinauri da arc gareuli Rorebis populaciebi ar arian daavade-

buli. aqac rekomendebulia gamiznuli virusuli zedaxedvelobis warmoeba

daavadebisgan Tavisufali zonis statusis dadasturebisTvis damarwmunebe-

li mtkicebulebebis mopovebis mizniT da informaciis xelmisawvdomobis

uzrunvelyofa savaWro partniorebisTvis, momijnave regionebisa da mezo-

beli qveynebisTvis. Tavisufali zonis sazRvrebi zedmiwevniT zustad unda iyos Semofar-

gluli. aucilebelia cxovelTa jandacvasTan dakavSirebuli im debule-

bebis gamoqveyneba, romlebic krZalavs Sinauri an gareuli Rorebis gaday-

vanas inficirebuli qveynidan an zonidan daavadebisgan Tavisufal zonaSi

da maTi mkacrad Sesruleba. daavadebisgan Tavisufali zonis teritoriaze

Rorebis gadaadgileba sistematuri inspeqtirebisa da zedamxedvelobis qveS

unda warmoebdes, Roris afrikuli cxelebisgan Tavisufali zonis statusis

SesanarCuneblad.

cxoevlTa jandacvis msoflio organizaciis mier, arc Tu ise didi xnis

win, SemoRebul iqna kompartmentalizaciis koncefcia, warmoebis obieqte-

bis an jaWvebis konkretuli daavadebebisgan gaTavisuflebis statusis

aRiarebis dasaSvebad. saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebi jer-kidev ar aris sabo-

lood Camoyalibebuli, magram isini emyareba biousafrTxoebis SemoRebul

RonisZiebebsa da zedamxedvelobas, romelic iTvaliswinebs Sesabamisobis

sertifikatis an cnobis gacemas (maregulirebeli mandati). sagangebo gegmis

nawilis saxiT, TiToeul qveyanas SemuSavebuli unda hqondes saxelmZRvane-

lo miTiTebaTa sistema imis gaTvaliswinebiT, Tu rogor xdeba Roris afri-

kuli cxelebis gadacema, romelsac daavadebis afeTqebis dros gamoiyenebs

Tavisufali kompartmentebis (zonebis) gansazRvrisa da SenarCunebis mizniT.

aRniSnuli saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebi sagangebo gegmis danarTSi unda iyos

mocemuli.


daavadebisgan gaTavisuflebis dadastureba

iseTi daavadebebisgan gansxvavebiT, rogoricaa saqonlis Savi Wiri, jilexi,

msxvilfexa rqosani pirutyvis plevropnevmonia an encefalopaTia, romlis-

ganac gaTavisuflebis dadasturebis gzebi ukve arsebobs da miRebulia cxov-

elTa jandacvis msoflio organizaciis mier, Roris afrikuli cxelebisgan

gaTavisuflebis Semowmebisa da dadasturebisTvis saerTaSorisod miRebuli

oqmi jer-jerobiT SemoRebuli ar aris.

mtkicebulebebi, romlebic SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnes daavadebisgan

Tavisufali zonis an qveynis aRdgenili statusis saerTaSoriso aRiarebis

mosapoveblad, SeiZleba moicavdes iseT dokumentacias, romelic miuTiTebs

rom:

� qveyanaSi arsebobs efeqturi veterinaruli samsaxuri, romelsac

SeuZlia qveyanaSi Roris afrikuli cxelebis xelaxla Semotanis an ga-

vrcelebis Tavidan acileba, afeTqebaTa gamovlena da maT winaaRmdeg

RonisZiebebis dauyovnebliv gatareba;

suraTi 9gareuli Rorebis (<30 kg) daWeris umartivesi meTodi, goWebis gadayvane SeiZleba

xis yuTiT, mozrdilebs sasurvelia CautardeT anesTezia.


� daavadebis zedamxedvelobis efeqturi sistemaa SemoRebuli da Roris

afrikuli cxelebis gamovlenis mizniT vet.samsaxurebis mier regu-

larulad warmoebs Semowmebebi savele, laboratorul pirobebSi da

sasaklaoebze. iq, sadac gareuli cxovelebis populaciebi arsebobs, es

veluri cxovelebis dargSi kompetentur uwyebebTan erTad keTdeba;

� Roris afrikuli cxelebis saeWvo SemTxvevebi srulad aris gamokvleu-

li da arsebuli dokumentacia Seicavs daavadebis SemTxvevaTa sabo-

loo diagnozs;

� ganxorcielebulia kompleqsuri SerCeviTi, stratificirebuli se-

rologiuri kontroli da uaryofiTi Sedegia miRebuli.

gareuli Roris populaciebi Roris afrikuli cxelebis infeqciaze unda

Semowmdes. amis gakeTeba SesaZlebelia tipiur teritoriebze zogierTi cx-

ovelis specialurad monadirebisa da maTi qsovilebis Roris afrikuli cx-

elebis antigenebze da Sratis antisxeulebze Semowmebis gziT. qveynebis um-

ravlesobas SemoRebuli aqvs nadirobis sezoni, ra drosac monadireebisgan

SesaZlebelia maT mier nadirobisas mokluli gareuli Rorebis sisxlisa da

organoebis nimuSebis mopoveba. serologiuri nimuSebi warsulSi gadatanili

infeqciis sakmarisi dasturia da sadac amis finansuri SesaZlebloba arse-

bobs, sakmarisia daWrili, trankvilizatoris qveS myofi gareuli Rorebis

Semowmeba. vinaidan afrikulisgan gansxvavebiT, evropul gareul Rorebs,

Roris afrikuli cxelebis winaaRmdeg imuniteti ar gaaCniaT, daxocili cx-

ovelebis zedamxedveloba da maTi sikvdilis mizezis dadgena Zalze mniS-

vnelovania iq, sadac cxovelebis daxocvas aqvs adgili, Roris afrikuli cxe-

lebis gaCenis Semdgom periodSi.

59

Tavi 7

saorganizacio RonisZiebebi

Roris afrikuli cxelebisTvis

SemuSavebuli sagangebo

sainformacio kampaniis dros

funqciebi da mmarTveli struqturebiqveynis mTavari veterinari an masTan gaTanabrebuli piri, rogoricaa vet.sam-

saxuris direqtori, pasuxismgebelia Roris afrikuli cxelebiT gamowveuli

sagangebo situaciebisTvis mzadyofnisa da maTi marTvis uzrunvelyofis

saerTo teqnikur mxareze. Tumca sabolood, pasuxismgebloba Sesabamisi uw-

yebis ministrs eniWeba.

am bolo wlebis periodSi, bevr qveyanaSi ganxorcielda erovnuli vet.

samsaxurebis restruqturizacia da racionalizacia. aRniSnuli procesi

moicavda vet.samsaxurebis regionalizaciasa da funqciebis gadacemas, vet.

samsaxurebis privatizacias, strategiuli funqciebis operatiulisgan gani-

jvnasa da vet.laboratoriebisa da savele vet.samsaxurebis administraciu-

li funqciebis erTmaneTisgan gamijvnas.

es axali struqturebi sakmarisad ganviTarda imisaTvis, rom daakmayofi-

los cxovelTa jandacvis samsaxurebis moTxovnebi gegmiuri momsaxurebis

miwodebasTan dakavSirebiT. miuxedavad amisa, isini xSirad ver umklavdebian

cxovelTa jandacvasTan dakavSirebiT Seqmnili msxvilmasStabiani sagange-

bo mdgomareobis marTvas, rodesac gadawyvetilebebis miReba swrafad unda

moxdes yvela wyarodan xelmisawvdomi saimedo informaciis gaanalizebis

safuZvelze. amgvarad miRebuli gadawyvetilebebi mkafiod Camoyalibebuli

brZanebebis saxiT unda gadaeces maT Sesrulebaze pasuxismgebel pirebs.

unda arsebobdes gacemuli brZanebebis Sesrulebisa da miRebuli Sedegebis

Sesaxeb informaciis uzrunvelyofis saSualebebi. mokled rom iTqvas, amo-

qmedebuli unda iyos efeqturi meqanizmebi informaciisa da miTiTebebis ga-

dacemisTvis erovnuli vet.samsaxurebis Stabidan savele an laboratorul

pirobebSi daavadebasTan brZolis wina xazze da sapasuxo informaciis StabSi

gadacemisaTvis.

cxadia imisaTvis, rom sagangebo viTarebaSi yvelaferi swrafad da efeq-

turad moxdes, ama Tu im qveynis vet.samsaxurs unda gaaCndes kargad organ-

izebuli marTvis struqtura, an marTvis xazovani sistema, Tundac daavade-

bis afeTqebaze reagireba sagangebo viTarebis periodSi.

Roris afrikul cxelebasTan dakavSirebiT sagangebo mdgomareobis gan-

viTarebis SemTxvevaSi Sesabamisi pasuxismgebeli sturqturebisa da xazebis

swrafad da efeqturad amoqmedebisTvis, winaswar SemuSavebuli gegma unda

arsebobdes. es SeiZleba moicavdes sagangebo mdgomareobis dadgomamde sak-

mao xniT adre, qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan erTi an meti sakiTxis mogvarebas:

� SeTanxmebis miRwevas imis Taobaze, rom saswrafo daxmareba cxovelTa

jandacvis samsaxurebis mxridan, erovnul doneze iqneba organizebu-


li da rom qveynis mTavari veterinari Tavis Tavze aiRebs mTel pasux-

ismgeblobas sagangebo mdgomareobaze reagirebasTan dakavSirebiT da

angariSvaldebuli iqneba uSualod ministris winaSe;

� TanamSromlobis meqanizmis dafuZnebas saministroebsa da sxva uwye-

bebs Soris, rogoricaa policia, jari, finansTa, cxovelTa dacvis, ga-

naTlebis, mas-mediisa da jandacvis samsaxurebi, ramac SeiZleba moiTx-

ovos komitetis Seqmna ama Tu im saministrosTan/uwyebasTan; sagangebo

situaciaSi komitetis SeqmnasTan dakavSirebuli biurokaratiuli

garTulebebis Tavidan asacileblad, mizanSewonili iqneba mudmivmoq-

medi komitetis dafuZneba;

� regionis an provinciis xelisuflebasTan SeTanxmebas imis Taobaze,

rom maTi vet.samsaxurebis personali gadava qveynis mTavari veteri-

naris daqvemdebarebaSi, xazovani marTvis sistemis pirobebSi, cxov-

elTa daavadebiT gamowveul sagangebo mdgomareobaze reagirebis pro-

gramis gansaxorcieleblad. aseve miRweuli unda iqnes SeTanxmebebi,

romlebic uzrunvelyofs regionuli savele vet.samsaxurebisa da

laboratoriebis sruli SemadgenlobiT monawileobas sagangebo mdgo-

mareobisTvis mzadyofnis RonisZiebaTa dagegmvisa da specialuri mom-

zadebis programebSi;

� TanamSromlobis dafuZneba erovnuli vet. samsaxurebis StabTan, daa-

vadebiT gamowveuli sagangebo situaciis Sesaxeb adreul etapze ga-

frTxilebis uzrunvelsayofad da maT Soris, sagangebo situaciaSi

daavadebis SemTxvevebis Sesaxeb erovnuli StabisTvis informaciis ga-

dacemis mizniT;

� SeTanxmeba samTavrobo seqtoris mTavari vet.samsaxurebisTvis da maT

Soris, centraluri vet.laboratoriis gadayvanis Sesaxeb qveynis mTa-

vari veterinaris mmarTveli struqturis daqvemdebarebaSi, sagangebo

pirobebSi daavadebaze reagirebis moxdenis mizniT;

� xelSekrulebebis gaformeba kerZo seqtoris saveterinaro organ-

izaciebTan, universitetebTan da sxva samecniero da kvleviT insti-

tutebTan cxovelTa daavadebiT gamowveuli sagangebo situaciis

dros sagangebo momsaxurebis gawevis Taobaze;

� saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, SeTanxmebas kerZo vet.samsaxurebis kadrebis

droebiT samTavrobo seqtorSi daqiravebis pirobebis Sesaxeb;

� sxva qveynebTan SeTanxmebas teqnikuri an saopracio daxmarebis uzrun-

velyofis Taobaze (adamianuri resursebi), sagangebo mdgomareobis

Seqmnis SemTxvevaSi.

bevr qveyanaSi, veterinariis dargSi kerZo seqtori mcirea an saerTod ar

arsebobs da daavadebis kontrolis ganxorcielebaSi, isini araveterinarTa

daxmarebis imedad SeiZleba darCnen. aseT SemTxvevaSi unda arsebobdes momi-

jnave seqtorebSi xelmisawvdomi resursebis mobilizebis meqanizmi, rogori-

caa soflis meurneobis sakiTxebSi sakonsultacio samsaxuris an mosaxleo-

bis mier dafinansebuli cxovelTa jandacvis samsaxuris muSakebi, romelTac

Sesabamisi specialuri momzadeba aqvT gavlili. cxovelTa daavadebis kon-

trolis procesSi arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs yvela SesaZlo monawileTa gan-

sazRvras da maTi mxridan epizootiis SemTxvevaSi, dauyovnebliv moqmedebis

mzadyofnis uzrunvelyofas.

sakonsultacio komiteti cxovelTa sagangebo daavadebebTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebSi qveynebisTvis SeiZleba Zalian sasargeblo aRmoCndes cxovelTa daavadebiT

gamowveul sagangebo mdgomareobebTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebSi sakonsulta-

saorganizacio RonisZiebebi sainformacio kampaniis dros 61

cio komitetis Seqmna, romelsac isini moiwveven Roris afrikuli cxelebiT

(an cxovelTa nebismieri sxva transsasazRvro daavadebiT) gamowveuli sa-

gangebo mdgomareobis SeqmnisTanave da romelic regularulad Seikribeba

sagangebo mdgomareobaSi daavadebaze reagirebis periodSi. es arsobrivad

teqnikuri komiteti iqneba, romlis funqciaSic Seva: epidemiologiuri da

daavadebis kontrolTan dakavSirebiT sxva informaciis gadamowmeba; sa-

gangebo gegmebis amoqmedebasTan dakavSirebiT rekomendaciebis uzrunvely-

ofa; RonisZiebaTa ganxorcielebaze zedamxedvelobis warmoeba; da qveynis

mTavari veterinarisa da ministrisTvis rCevis uzrunvelyofa RonisZiebaTa

dagegmvasTan dakavSirebiT. cxovelTa daavadebiT gamowveul sagangebo situaciebTan dakavSirebul

sakiTxebSi sakonsultacio komitetis SemadgenlobaSi SeiZleba Sediodnen:

� qveynis mTavari veterinari (Tavmjdomare);

� savele vet.samsaxuris direqtori/daavadebaTa kontrolis samsaxuris

direqtori;

� epidemiologiuri erTeulis xelmZRvaneli;

� Statebis, provinciebis an regionebis vet.samsaxurebis ufrosebi;

� erovnuli vet.laboratoriis direqtori;

� daavadebis afeTqebis adgilebSi regionuli vet.laboratoriebis di-

reqtorebi;

� fermerTa jgufebis an organizaciebis warmomadgenlebi;

� sxva ZiriTadi jgufebis warmomadgenlebi, rogoricaa erovnul vet-

erinarTa asociaciebi an veterinaruli universitetebi;

� saWiroebisamebr, teqnikosi-eqspertebi, rogoricaa cxovelTa dacvis

specialistebi da entomologebi da maT Soris, Tu SesaZlebelia damk-

virveblebis saxiT, daavadebasTan brZolis sakiTxebSi gamocdili vet-

erinarebi, romlebic ukve pensiaze arian gasuli.

Tu mmarTveli sturqturis ganxorcieleba SeuZlebelia, maSin mniS-

vnelovania cxovelTa daavadebiT gamowveul sagangebo situaciasTan dakav-

Sirebul sakiTxebSi, sakonsultacio komitetis formireba, romelic uzrun-

velyofs sagangebo RonisZiebaTa gatarebasTan dakavSirebiT SeTanxmebuli

midgomis SemuSavebas. rodesac sagangebo situaciaSi daavadebaze reagirebis RonisZiebebi ar

xorcieldeba, mizanSewonilia saimitacio swavlebis (werilobiTi savarji-

Soebi an savele pirobebSi testireba) Catareba imis dasadastureblad, rom

sakomunikacio da saoperacio gegmebi gamarTulad muSaoben da rom komer-

ciuli an adgilobrivi warmoebis seqtorTan myari kavSiria. uaryofiTi

Sedegebis Tavidan asacileblad aucilebelia mezobeli qveynebisa da saer-

TaSoriso an regionuli organizaciebis winaswar gafrTxileba saimitacio

swavlebis Catarebis Sesaxeb.

cxovelTa daavadebis kontrolis erovnuli centriqveynebma unda Seqmnan cxovelTa daavadebis kontrolis mudmivmoqmedi

erovnuli centrebi. Roris afrikuli cxelebis an cxovelTa sxva sagangebo

daavadebis afeTqebis SemTxvevaSi, centri pasuxismgebeli unda iyos qvey-

nis mTavari veterinaris winaSe sagangebo daavadebis kontrolis erovnul

RonisZiebaTa koordinirebaze. centri ganTavsebuli unda iyos erovnuli

vet.samsaxurebis StabSi da erovnuli epidemiologiuri erTeuli masTan

unda iyos mimagrebuli an mWidroT TanamSromlobdes. qveynis mTavar veteri-

nars SeuZlia politikis ganxorcielebasTan dakavSirebuli yoveldRiuri

funqciebi gadaabaros centris xelmZRvanels (Cveulebriv, es ufrosi vet.mu-

Sakia). sagangebo mdgomareobaSi daavadebaze reagirebis periodSi, cxovelTa

daavadebis kontrolis erovnuli centris funqciebi moicavs:


� qveynis mTavari veterinarisa da cxovelTa daavadebebis kontrolis

erovnuli centris mier daavadebaTa kontrolis SeTanxmebuli poli-

tikis ganxorcielebas;

� cxovelTa daavadebis kontrolis adgilobrivi centrebis mier war-

moebuli samuSaoebis xelmZRvanelobas da monitorings;

� personalisa da sxva resursebis siebis ganaxlebasa da Sedgenas, imis mi-

TiTebiT Tu saidan SeiZleba SemdgomSi resursebis mobilizeba;

� adgilobriv centrebSi kadrebisa da resursebis ganawileba;

� maragebis SekveTa da miwodeba (Roris afrikuli cxelebis garda sxva

daavadebebisTvis gankuTvnili vaqcinebi);

� RonisZiebebis ganmxorcielebis procesis monitorings da qveynis mTa-

vari veterinarisTvis teqnikuri rCevis uzrunvelyofas;

� qveynis mTavari veterinarisTvis rCevis uzrunvelyofas daavadebis

kontrolis zonebisa da raionebis gansazRvrasTan dakavSirebiT; � im sawarmoTa siebisa da sakontaqto monacemTa ganaxlebasa da Sedgenas,

romlebic maRali riskis qveS imyofebian an Tavad warmoadgenen maRal

risks;

� kavSiris warmoeba sagangebo mdgomareobaSi daavadebaze reagirebis

procesSi CarTul jgufebTan da maT Soris im jgufebTan, romlebic

amoqmedebulni arian daavadebis sagangebo erovnuli gegmis nawilis

saxiT;� saerTaSoriso masStabiT daavadebisa da daavadebis SemTxvevebis

Sesaxeb angariSebis momzadebas daavadebisgan Tavisufali zonis an

qveynis statusis aRiarebis mosapoveblad;� fermerTa informirebisa da informaciis (maT Soris pres-relizebis)

sajarod gamoqveynebis programebis ganxorcielebis procesis marTva;

� saerTo da finansuri administrireba da aRricxvis warmoeba.

cxovelTa daavadebis kontrolis erovnuli centri srulyofilad

unda iyos aRWurvili qveynis 1:50 000 masStabis rukebiT (an kompiuteruli

darukebis monacemTa baziT, romelic CvenTvis saintereso adgilebis ufro

detalur gamosaxulebas uzrunvelyofs) da sakomunikacio teqnikiT (tele-

fonis, radios, el.fostisa da faqsis CaTvliT), regionul vet.samsaxurebTan

an cxovelTa daavadebis kontrolis adgilobriv centrebsa da vet.labora-

toriebTan kavSiris dasamyareblad. aseTi centri dakavSirebuli unda iyos

sainformacio sistemasTan, romelic uzrunvelyofs informacias daavadeb-

iT gamowveuli sagangebo mdgomareobis Sesaxeb.

cxovelTa daavadebis kontrolis adgilobrivi centrebiRoris afrikuli cxelebiT gamowveul sagangebo mdgomareobaSi, veteri-

narul da sasoflo-sameurneo sakiTxebSi sakonsultacio samsaxurebis

saolqo ganyofilebebi, romlebic inficirebul kerebTan yvelaze axlos

mdebareoben, moqmedeben rogorc cxovelTa daavadebis kontrolis adgilo-

brivi centrebi. zedamxedvelobis an daavadebis kontroliT gaTvaliswineb-

uli sxva samuSaoebis warmoebis mizniT jgufebs, erT dReSi, unda SeeZloT

nebismier adgilas Casvla da ukan dabruneba. cxovelTa daavadebis kontro-

lis droebiTi adgilobrivi centrebis ganTavsebis adgilebi (magaliTad,

adgilobriv samTavrobo uwyebebTan), winaswar unda iyos SeTanxmebuli.

regionuli da saolqo vet.samsaxurebis muSakebi pasuxismgebeli arian

daavadebis kontrolis im samuSaoebze, romlebic maT teritoriebze war-

moebs da ufleba aqvT Sevidnen fermebSi, Seagrovon nimuSebi da miiRon zome-

bi maT mier kontrolirebad teritoriaze Rorebisa da Roris xorcis produ-

qtebis Semotanis/gatanis Tavidan asacileblad. isini uzrunvelyofili unda

iyvenen: nimuSebis Segrovebisa da gadacemisTvis saWiro masalebiT; macivriT,

saorganizacio RonisZiebebi sainformacio kampaniis dros 63

romelic saWiroa xanmokle drois ganmavlobaSi nimuSebis Sesanaxad; damcavi

tanisamosiT; sadezinfeqcio saSualevbaTa garkveuli maragiT; satrans-

porto saSualebiT da sawvaviT; da aseve sakomunikacio saSualebiT, romel-

ic qveynis mTavar veterinarTan dakavSirebistvis aris saWiro. saxelmwifo

struqturebma unda uzrunvelyon TanamSromloba sxva samsaxurebis mxridan,

rogoricaa policia, sazogadoebrivi samuSaoebis departamentebi da mas-

mediis saSualebebi, romlebic daxmarebas gauweven daavadebis gavrcelebis

prevenciaSi. aseTi muSakebi uzrunvelyofili unda iyvnen saWiro masalebiT

sazogadoebis informirebisTvis da fermerebisTvis intensiuri swavlebis

Casatareblad da sainformacio kampaniebis gansaxorcieleblad. uwinares

yovlisa ki, isini yovelTvis zedmiwevniT zust informacias unda flobdnen

daavadebis statusisa da aseve cxovelTa daxocvis da kompensaciis gadaxdis

Sesaxeb, rodesac adgili aqvs aseTi RonisZiebebis gatarebas.

65

Tavi 8

damxmare gegmebi

damxmare gegmebi uzrunvelyofs mxardaWeras Roris afrikuli cxelebis an

nebismieri sxva daavadebis SemTxvevaSi sagangebo samoqmedo gegmis ganxor-

cielebisTvis.

finansuri gegmafinansuri resursebis dagvianebiT mobilizeba warmoadgens mTavar dab-

rkolebas sagangebo daavadebaTa afeTqebebze swrafad reagirebisTvis.

mcireodeni finansuri resursebis myisieri gamoiyeneba, samomavloT mniS-

vnelovani xarjis Tavidan acilebis SesaZleblobas mogcemT. amdenad winas-

wari finansuri dagegmva, sagangebo viTarebaSi daavadebaze reagirebisTvis

mzadyofnis mniSvnelovan nawils warmoadgens.

finansuri gegmebis SemuSaveba saWiroa imisaTvis, rom daavadebiT gamo-

wveul sagangebo mdgomareobaze reagirebis mosaxdenad garantirebuli iyos

sagangebo fondebis dauyovnebliv gamoyofa. aRniSnuli Tanxebi gawerilia

im aucilebeli xarjebisTis, romlebic aRemateba saxelmwifo vet.samsaxu-

rebisTvis gamoyofili normaluri saoperacio xarjebis odenobas. finansur

gegmebs amtkiceben saxelmwifo departamentebi da maT Soris, ekonomikuri

dagegmvis uwyeba da finansTa saministro (departamenti).sagangebo situaciebisTvis gamoyofili finansuri resursebiT SesaZ-

lebelia daavadebis kontrolis/aRmofxvris RonisZiebebTan dakavSirebuli

saerTo xarjebis dafarva. magram, ufro xSirad es winaswar momzadebuli

dafinansebis wyaroa, romelic veterinarul departaments saSualebas aZlevs

myisierad daiwyos moqmedeba da gaataros is RonisZiebebi, romlebsac sawyisi

fazebi moicavs da daiwyos afeTqebis adgilze viTarebisa da sakontrolo

RonisZiebaTa programis ganxilva. savele situaciaSi ukeT garkvevisTanave

da saxelmwifo departamentisTvis arsebuli mdgomareobis Sesaxeb moxseneb-

is Semdeg, daavadebis sabolood aRmosafxvrelad saWiro Tanxebi damatebiT

unda iqnes gamoyofili.finansuri resursebis gamoyofis pirobebi winaswar unda iyos gan-

sazRvruli. Cveulebriv, qveynis mTavar veterinars finansuri resursebiT

uzrunvelyofen maSin, rodesac:

� Roris afrikuli cxelebiT an sxva sagangebo daavadebis diagnozi dada-

sturebulia an saeWvo

� daavadebis afeTqeba eqvemdebareba kontrols an aRmofxvras;

� daavadebis kontrolis gegmebi mzad aris da damtkicebulia.

finansuri resursebi SeiZleba gamoyofili iyos am miznisTvis gankuTvni-

li specialuri fondebis saxiT, an xelmisawvdomi iyos sakredito uflebis

saxiT samTavrobo angariSze winaswar SeTanxmebuli Tanxis odenobaze.

zogierT qveyanaSi sasurvelia, rom mTavrobam da kerZo seqtorma daafin-

anson Roris afrikuli cxelebisa da sxva daavadebaTa winaaRmdeg programebi

im moculobiT, romelzec SeTanxmdebian TiToeuli aseTi daavadebis aR-

mofxvris Sedegad mopovebuli sazogadoebrivi da kerZo sargeblis bunebisa

da odenobis gansazRvris Semdeg. dafinansebis formula SeTanxmebis sagans

warmoadgens: TiToeul seqtors SeuZlia gadaixados daavadebis winaaRmdeg

mimarTul RonisZiebaTa kampaniis mTliani Rorebulebis fiqsirebuli pro-


centiT an daafinansos konkretuli komponenti. Tu dafinansebaSi kerZo se-

qtori monawileobs, aucilebelia ganisazRvros visTvis aris momgebiani esa

Tu is komponenti (komponentebi) da Sesabamisad, visze unda gadanawildes

xarjebis dafarva. es SeiZleba iyos gadamamuSavebeli sawarmoebi, savaWro

da fermerTa organizaciebi. aseve unda ganisazRvros kerZo seqtoridan

Tanxebis mobilizebis wesi. es SeiZleba gakeTdes mesaqonleobis dabegvris

meSveobiT (SesaZlebelia pirutyviT vaWrobis garigebebze an mis dakvlaze

gadasaxadis SemoReba), uzrunvelyofili finansuri resursebis an sawarmos

dazRvevis saxiT. nebayoflobiTi indivudualuri sadazRvevo polisebi sak-

marisia daavadebiT an daavadebis kontrolis RonisZiebaTa ganxorcielebis

Sedegad miyenebuli zaralisgan dasazRvevad, magram sakmarisi ar aris daa-

vadebis aRmofxvris RonisZiebebTan dakavSirebuli mTliani xarjis dasafa-

ravad.

sagangebo daavadebis aRmofxvris mTliani kampaniis dafinanseba SeiZleba

aRematebodes erovnuli resursebis moculobas. aseT SemTxvevaSi, gegmebi wi-

naswar unda SemuSavdes SesaZlo saerTaSoriso donorebis gamovlenis mizniT

da maT Soris, sagangebo daxmarebis misaRebad FAO-s an sxva saerTaSoriso saa-

gentoebisgan. dafinansebis misaRebad ganacxadebis Sevsebis procedurebi da

maTi Cabarebis moTxovnebi winaswar unda iyos gansazRvruli.

finansuri gegma unda Seicavdes Roris mepatroneebisTvis gankuTvnil de-

bulebebs daavadebis aRmofxvris RonisZiebis dros ganadgurebuli piruty-

vis an qonebisTvis kompensaciis gadaxdis Sesaxeb; sakvebis SeZenis Sesaxeb im

fermerebisTvis, romelTac janmrTeli Rorebi hyavT da Roris gayidvis akr-

Zalvis Sedegad garkveuli zarali miadga; da sagangebo daxmarebis gaweva im

adamianebisTvis, romlebic seriozulad dazaraldnen sakvebis ukmarisobis

gamo, romelic daavadebis an daavadebis kontrolis RornisZiebam gamoiwvia.

amgvari finansuri dagegmva mxolod soflis meurneobis an mecxoveleo-

bis departamentis kompetencias ar unda warmoadgendes da masSi monawileoba

unda miiRon sxva Sesabamisma saministroebmac (mag: finansTa, vaWrobis, gare-

mos dacvis da. a.S agreTve da premier ministris aparati).

resursebis dagegmvaresursebis gegmis momzadebaSi pirveli nabijia resursebis aRricxva. es

gulisxmobs im resursebis CamoTvlas (maT Soris personalis, aRWurvilo-

bisa da sxva masalebis), romlebic saWiroa Roris afrikuli cxelebis an sxva

daavadebis mciremasStabian afeTqebaze reagirebis mosaxdenad. resursebis

Semdegi CamonaTvali SeiZleba ganixilebodes, rogorc saindikatoro da ara

amomwuravi CamonaTvli:

cxovelTa daavadebis kontrolis erovnuli centri

� daavadebis kontrolis sakiTxebSi ufrosi vet.muSakebi da epidemiol-

ogebi;

� veterinarebi da biologebi.

� entomologebi.

� saoperacio, materialur-teqnikuri uzrunvelyofis, safinanso da ad-

ministraciuli dargis muSakebi.

� epidemiolgiuri da sxva saxis informaciis aRricxvisa da damuSavebi-

sTvis saWiro kadrebi.

� 1:50 000 da 1:10 000 masStabis rukebi.

� komputerebi da sxva teqnikuri mowyobiloba.

� sakomunikacio saSualebebi adgilobriv xelmZRvanelobasTan dasakav-

Sireblad, rogoricaa telefoni, faqsi da el.fosta.

� mimdinare xarjebis fondi (eqvemdebareba aRricxvas).

damxmare gegmebi 67

cxovelTa daavadebis kontrolis adgilobrivi centrebi

� daavadebis kontrolis sakiTxebSi ufrosi vet.muSakebi da epidemiol-

ogebi.

� teqnikuri mxardaWeris, saoperacio da administraciuli muSakebi.

� ofisebi.

� saofise aRWurviloba.

� rukebi.

� telefoni da faqsi.

� mimdinare xarjebis fondi (eqvemdebareba aRricxvas).

� proformebi daavadebis kontrolis operaciebisTvis.garkveul garemoebebSi, SesaZloa xelmisawvdomi iyos kompiuterebi da

el.fosta.

sadiagnostiko laboratoriebi

� specialurad momzadebuli laboratoriis personali.

� laboratoriis standartuli aRWurviloba, romelic karg samuSao

mdgomareobaSia.

� specialuri aRWurviloba ZiriTadi sagangebo daavadebebisTvis,

romelic karg samuSao mdgomareobaSia.

� sadiagnostiko reagentebi Casatarebeli testebisTvis.

� miTiTebul laboratoriaSi, saerTaSorisod miRebuli nimuSebis gada-

satani konteinerebi.

� miTiTebul laboratoriaSi nimuSebis gagzavnis oqmebi.

diagnostika/zedamxedveloba

� veterinarebi da damxmare vet.samsaxurebis muSakebi.

� transporti.

� rukebi.

� sakomunikacio saSualebebi da maT Soris poziciis dasafiqsirebeli

sistemebi (GPS-sistema).

� bukletebi da posterebi daavadebis (daavadebaTa) Sesaxeb.

� aRWurviloba sadiagnostiko nimuSebis Segrovebisa da transportire-

bisTvis:

� sisxlis nimuSis SegrovebisaTvis saWiro aRWurviloba;

� leSis gasakveTi iaraRebis krebuli;

� sayinule;

� nebadarTuli sadezinfeqcio saSualebebi, sapnebi da sarecxi

fxvnilebi;

� magari jagrisebi.

� mowyobiloba Roris dasakaveblad.

dakvla, Camarxva da dezinfeqcia

� vet. muSakebi da sxva personali, romelic awarmoebs zedamxedvelobas.

� satransporto saSualeba.

� Rorebis dasaxocad saWiro, nebadarTuli aRWurviloba.

� damcavi tanisamosi.

� mowyobiloba Roris dasakaveblad.

� mtvirTavi, frontaluri CatvirTvis mowoybilobiT da miwis saTxreli

aRWurviloba.

� nebadarTuli sadezinfeqcio saSualebebi, sapnebi da sarecxi fxvni-

lebi.

� magari jagrisebi.


� barebi da saxexebi.

� aRWurviloba maRali wnevis WavliT recxvisTvis.

� Camqrali kiri Roris leSis dasafaravad, Tu maTi dawva SesaZlebeli ar

aris.

� leSis dasawvavad saWiro sawvavi (Cveulebriv, dizelis nazavi mcire

raodenobis benzinTan) da Zveli saburavebi wvis procesis dasaCqare-

blad, haeris cirkulaciis xelSewyobisa da maRali temperaturis

SenarCunebis gziT.

sakarantino da pirutyvis gadaadgilebis kontrolis meqanizmebi

� aRmasrulebelTa jgufebi.

� satransporto saSualeba.

� gzebze ganTavsebuli sakontrolo punqtebi.

� niSnebi da posterebi.

unda momzaddes arsebuli resursebis CamonaTvali, romelSic miTiTe-

buli iqneba specifikaciebi, raodenoba da adgilmdebareoba. aucilebe-

lia specialistebis aRmricxveli reestris warmoeba, sadac miTiTebuli

iqneba maTi kvalifikacia da Roris afrikul cxelebis SemTxvevebTan muSao-

bis gamocdileba. daavadebaTa kontrolis erovnul centrsa da regionul

ofisebSi, yovelwliurad (minimum) unda moxdes resursebis CamonaTvalisa da

kadrebis aRmricxveli reestrebis ganaxleba.

saWiro da xelmisawvdomi resursebis siebis Sejereba resursebSi defici-

tis gamovlenis SesaZleblobas uzrunvelyofs. resursebis gegmaSi miTiTe-

buli unda iyos, arsebul naklovanebobaTa Sevsebis saSualebebi, sagangebo

mdgomarebis SemTxvevaSi. saimitacio (simulaciuri) swavleba aseve dagex-

marebaT resursebis dagegmvaSi arsebuli defeqtebisa da naklovanebobis

gamovlenaSi da amgvarad SesaZlebeli iqneba maTi gamosworeba.

damatebiTi aucilebeli resursebis moZiebisTvis sxvadsxva alternative-

bi arsebobs:

� im adgilebis CamonaTvali, sadac SesaZlebelia ZiriTadi aRWurvilo-

bisa da maragebis SeZena, daqiraveba an Txoveba;

� centraluri maRazia, sadac SesaZlebelia Znelad mosapovebeli saqon-

lis SeZena, rogoricaa sadezinfeqcio saSualebebi da saqoneli, rom-

lis momzadebasac dro sWirdeba, rogoricaa proformebi;

� SeTanxmebebi sxva saxelmwifo uwyebebidan personalisa da aRWurvilo-

bis uzrunvelyofasTan dakavSirebiT, magaliTad, miwis saTxreli aR-

Wurvilobis Taobaze transportisa da miwis samuSaoebze pasuximgebel

departamentTan, xolo sakomunikacio saSualebaTa Taobaze Tavdacvis

samsaxurebTan;

� SeTanxmebebi veterinarTa asociaciebTan droebiTi dasaqmebis

Taobaze, praqtikosi veterinarebis an veterinaruli fakultetis stu-

dentebis mobilizebaze sagangebo situaciis ganviTarebis SemTxvevaSi.

sadiagnostiko agentebis miwodeba konkretul problemebTan aris dakav-

Sirebuli, vinaidan saerTaSoriso wyaroebi SezRuduli raodenobiT aris

xelmisawvdomi. saimedo sadiagnostiko agentebis wyaroebis Taobaze kon-

sultaciisTvis mimarTeT Roris afrikuli cxelebis saerTaSoriso labora-

torias (www.oie.int/ an http://empres-i.fao.org/empres-i/home ).unda aRiniSnos, rom adeqvaturi sadiagnostiko SesaZleblobebis

SenarCunebisa da kompetenciis uzrunvelyofisTvis, laboratoriebma regu-

larulad unda Caataron sabazo testebi nimuSebze, romelTa statusi cno-

bilia an ucnobi. testis nimuSebi periodulad unda gaigzavnos cxovelTa

jandacvis msoflio organizaciisa da FAO-s mier miTiTebul laborato-

damxmare gegmebi 69

riebSi, Tundac uaryofiTi pasuxebis jvaredini kontrolisTvis. sasurve-

lia monawileobis miReba mezobeli qveynebisa da miTiTebuli laboratoriis

mier erToblivad organizebuli e.w precipitaciis diagnostikis rgolisebr

testebSi. cxovelTa jandacvis msoflio organizaciis an FAO-s miTiTebul

centrebSi Roris afrikuli cxelebis diagnozis dasadastureblad an viru-

sis daxasiaTebisTvis, nimuSebis Cabarebis procesis daCqarebis mizniT dau-

kavSirdiT FAO-s, el.fostis misamarTze empres . .

resursebis dagegmvisa da inventarizaciis siebis ganaxleba yovel-

wliurad unda warmoebdes.

kanonmdeblobadaavadebiT gamowveuli sagangebo mdgomareobisTvis mzadyofnis Ronis-

ZiebaTa dagegmvis procesSi aucilebelia parlamentis aqtebis an samTavrobo

dadgenilebebis amoqmedeba, romlebic uzrunvelyofs sakanonmdeblo bazas

da daavadebis kontrolis RonisZiebaTa ganxorcielebisaTvis saWiro ufle-

bamosilebas. es SeiZleba moicavdes kanonmdeblobas, romelic iTvalsiwinebs:

� Roris afrikuli cxelebisa da cxovelTa sxva pirveli rigis daavadeba-

Ta SemTxvevebis Sesaxeb informaciis savaldebulo wesiT Setyobinebas;

� oficialuri pirebis an sxva specialurad daniSnuli personalis daSve-

bas fermebis an mecxoveleobis sxva sawarmoTa teritoriaze, daavadeb-

is zedamxedvelobis da maT Soris, sadiagnostiko nimuSebis Segrovebis

mizniT da daavadebis kontrolis gansaxorcieleblad;

� teritoriebis inficirebul teritoriebad da daavadebis kontrolis

zonebad gamocxadebas;

� fermebis an mecxoveleobis sxva sawarmoTa karantinSi moqcevas;

� pirutyvis, cxoveluri warmoSobis produqtebis an potenciurad dab-

inZurebuli masalebis gadaadgilebis akrZalvasa da cxovelTa jan-

dacvis organizaciis mier winaswar dadgenil pirobebSi maT gadaadg-

ilebaze nebarTvebis gacemas;

� inficirebuli an potenciurad inficirebuli pirutyvisa da dabin-

Zurebuli an potenciurad dabinZurebuli produqtebisa da masalebis

savaldebulo wesiT ganadgurebasa da usafrTxod utilizacias, sa-

marTliani kompensaciis gadaxdis pirobiT;

� daavadebis kontrolis sxva RonisZiebaTa ganxorcielebas;

� daavadebis kontrolis programis nawilis saxiT ganadgurebuli piru-

tyvisa da qonebis mepatroneebisTvis kompensaciis gadaxdasa da amg-

vari kompensaciisTvis standartebis gansazRvras;

� maRali riskis sawarmoebisa da pirutyvis bazrebisTvis, sasaklaoebisa

da sayasboebisTvis savaldebulo wesiT dasacavi normebisa da wesebis

SemoRebas da daavadebis kontrolis RonisZiebaTa ganxorcielebas;

� sadac es misaRebia, cxovelTa savaldebulo wesiT identificirebas.

federaluri marTvis sistemis mqone qveynebSi, qveynis mTel teritoriaze

unda moqmedebdes harmonizebuli, SesabamisobaSi moyvanili kanonmdebloba

cxovelTa daavadebiT gamowveul sagangebo mdgomareobasTan dakavSirebiT.

igive wesi unda moqmedebdes qveynebs Soris, im regionebSi, sadac Tavisufali

vaWrobis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebebiT daSvebulia SeuzRudavi vaWroba Sinauri cx-

ovelebiT da cxoveluri warmoSobis produqtebiT (magaliTad, evrokavSir-

Si).

71

Tavi 9

samoqmedo gegma

samoqmedo gegma warmoadgens miTiTebebis krebuls, romelic moicavs sakon-

trolo zomebs, romlebic unda ganxorcieldes Roris afrikul cxelebasTan

dakavSirebiT Seqmnili sagangebo mdgomareobaSi, dawyebuli daavadebis pir-

veli saeWvo SemTxvevidan mis sabolood aRmofxvramde. igi dawvrilebiT aR-

wers im moqmedebebs, romlebic Roris afrikuli cxelebis pirveli saeWvo

SemTxvevis Sesaxeb informaciis miRebis Semdeg unda ganxorcieldes.

mocemuli Tavi uzrunvelyofs zogad saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebs im

qmedebebTan dakavSirebiT, romlebic unda ganxorcieldes Roris afrikuli

cxelebis afeTqebis TiToeul fazaSi, magram yvela qveyanas vet.samsaxuris

gansaxvavebuli maregulirebeli struqtura gaaCnia. yvela qveyanam unda

SeimuSaos sakuTari samoqmedo gegma, romelSic gansazRvrulni iqnebian

ToToeuli moqmedebisTvis pasuxismgebeli pirebi. aseve unda ganisazRv-

ros sakomunikacio xazebi Roris mepatroneebsa da savele da erovnul vet.

samsaxurebs Soris da maT Sesaxeb informacia cnobili unda gaxdes yvela mx-

arisTvis. es sakomunikacio xazebi amyareben saxelmZrvanelo jaWvs, romel-

ic amoqmeddeba Roris afrikuli cxelebis (an cxovelTa sxva daavadebasTan

dakavSrebiT Seqmnil sagangebo mdgomareobaSi) saeWvo SemTxvevaSi. samoqmedo

gegmis warmateba damokidebulia saxelmZRvanelo jaWvis TiToeul rgolze,

romelic funqcionirebs ise, rogorc es zemoT aris aRwerili.

qveynebma detalurad unda SeimuSaon zogadi saoperacio procedurebi,

romlebic gamoyenebuli iqneba Roris afrikuli cxelebisa da sxva epidemiuri

daavadebebis mimarT. SeiZleba saWiro gaxdes damatebiTi saxelmZRvaneloe-

bis momzadeba, romlebic moicavs zoosanitarul normebsa da wesebs maRali

riskis sawarmoebisTvis, rogoricaa cxovelTa transportireba, xorcis gad-

amamuSavebeli qarxnebi an saqonlis bazrebi.

im qveynebs, romlebic erovnul an regionul doneze sagangebo mdgomareo-

bis winaSe dganan, SeuZliaT mimarTon arsebul da ukve aprobirebul sagange-

bo gegmebs iseT sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT, rogoricaa daavadebis kontrolis

centris marTva, dekontaminacia, cxovelebis likvidaciisa da damarxva/ga-

nadgurebis procedurebi, sazogadoebasTan urTierToba, zaralis Sefaseba

da kompensaciis gadaxda, laboratoriebis mzadyofnaSi moyvana, xelovnuri

ganayofiereba, rZis damuSaveba, xorcis damuSaveba, sakvebisa da pirutyvis

bazrobebi da satransporto saSualebebi (magaliTisaTvis, avstraliis vet-

erinaruli sagangebo gegma [AUSVETPLAN]). Tumca, am qveynebis mier SeiZleba

erTmaneTisgan gansxvavebuli standartebi iyos miRweuli da sasurvelia,

rom qveynebma an regionebma sakuTari sawarmoo saxelmZRvaneloebi SeimuSaon

adgilobrivi pirobebis gaTvalsiwinebiT. am gegmebis gadaxedva da maTSi cv-

lilebebis Setana saWiroebisamebr xSirad unda moxdes.

gamoZiebis fazagamoZiebis faza iwyeba maSin, rodesac veterinaruli samsaxurebis mier

miRebuli iqneba informacia Roris afrikuli cxelebis SesaZlo SemTxvevis

Sesaxeb. Roris afrikuli cxelebis an cxovelTa sxva seriozuli daavadebis

Taobaze eWvis gaCenis SemTxvevaSi, informaciis Setyobineba uSualod veter-

inaruli an cxovelTa jandacvis samsaxuris muSakisTvis (an sxva arxis meSveo-


biT, rogoricaa mag. saolqo xelisufleba), unda iyos TiToeuli moqalaqis

kargad gacnobierebuli samarTlebrivi movaleoba. saeWvo SemTxvevis (gan-

sakuTrebiT maRali sikvdilianoba RorebSi) Sesaxeb informacias adgilo-

briv vet.samsaxurebs savaraudod Seatyobineben cxovelTa jandacvis sam-

saxuris muSakebi, sasaklaoebi, fermerebi da pirutyvis mepatroneebi, Temis

Tavkacebi, kerZo praqtikosi veterinarebi an mecxoveleobiT dainteresebu-

li arasamTavrobo organizaciebis warmomadgenlebi.

Roris afrikuli cxelebis saeWvo SemTxvevis Sesaxeb informaciis miRebi-

sTanave, gamoZiebis fazaSi Semdegi moqmedebebi unda ganxorcieldes:� angariSis Seswavla specialurad momzadebuli erovnuli vet.samsaxu-

rebis mier da maT Soris nimuSebis Segroveba laboratoriebSi gasagza-

vnad;

� laboratoruli testireba;

� daavadebis gavrcelebis prevencia; miuxedavad imisa arsebobs Tu ara

amis samarTlebrivi Zalauflebebi, yvelaferi unda gakeTdes sazoga-

doebis mxridan TanamSromlobis mosapoveblad Rorebisa da Roris

xorcis produqtebis gadaadgilebis ar daSvebis mizniT manamde, vidre

Roris afrikuli cxelebis diagnozi iqneba damtkicebuli;

� klinikuri da epidemiologiuri Sedegebis Sesaxeb centraluri da re-

gionuli vet.samsaxurebis informireba;

� yvela dainteresebuli pirisTvis (centraluri da adgilobrivi uw-

yebebis doneze) laboratoruli Sedegebis moxseneba, rodesac isini

xelmisawvdomi gaxdeba;

� gamoZiebis dros warmodgenil monacemTa uwyveti Sefaseba im persona-

lis mier, romelic Roris afrikuli cxelebis Sesaxeb sakmaris codnas

flobs, raTa informaciaze dayrdnobiT miiRos gadawyvetilebebi im-

asTan dakavSirebiT saWiroa Tu ara mzadyofnis fazis gagrZeleba, Tu

Semdgomi RonisZiebebi unda SeCerdes.

potenciurad inficirebuli sawarmos teritoriaze misvlis Semdeg, jgu-

fis xelmZRvanelma unda uzrunvelyos sadezinfeqcio procedurebis saTana-

dod ganxorcieleba imisaTvis rom gamomZieblebis mier ar moxdes infeqciis

gatana sawarmos teritoriidan.nimuSebi (gaciebuli an dakonservebuli) rac SeiZleba swrafad unda

gadaigzavnos laboratoriaSi, romelic saTanadod aris aRWurvili diag-

nozis dasasmelad. im qveynebSi, sadac ar arsebobs Roris afrikuli cxelebis

diagnozis dasadastureblad saTanadod aRWurvili laboratoriebi, nimuSe-

bi unda gadaigzavnos saerTaSorisod aRiarebul laboratoriaSi.

Tu adgilze Catarebuli gamokvleva miuTiTebs infeqciis sxva kerebis

arsebobaze, rogorc inficirebuli masalebis(inventaris/sakvebis da a.S )

wyaroze an mimRebze, aseTi kerebi dauyovnebliv unda iqnes gamoZiebuli pir-

veli sadiagnostiko pasuxebis miRebis Semdeg. aseT SemTxvevaSi xorcieldeba

igive procedura, rogorc pirveli SemTxvevis dros.

sakomunikacio kavSirebi fermebidan erovnul vet.samsaxurebTan dakav-

SirebisTvis SeiZleba gamoyofili iyos mcire an didi raodenobiT, rac qvey-

nis sididesa da vet.samsaxurebis ierarqiazea damokidebuli. rodesac Roris

afrikuli cxelebis albaToba arsebobs, angariSebi rac SeiZleba swrafad

unda gadaegzavnos qveynis vet.sasaxuris direqtors. marTalia cru gan-

gaSis gamoZiebam SeiZleba zedmeti problemebi Segviqmnas da zedmet xarjTan

iyos dakavSirebuli, magram pirveli dafiqsirebuli (saindeqso) SemTxvevis

gamotovebas im mizeziT, rom viRac daavadebis Sesaxeb arasrul informcias

flobda da amitom bolomde ar iyo darwmunebuli, SeiZleba katasrofuli

Sedegebi mohyves. im qveynebSi, sadac infeqcia adre ar yofila gavrcelebuli,

nakleb savaraudoa, rom saindeqso SemTxveva pirveli iyos.

samoqmedo gegma 73

Tu gamoZieba gviCvenebs, rom garemoebebi miuTiTebs Roris afrikuli

cxelebis arsebobaze, an Tu alternatiuli diagnozi SeiZleba daisvas, ma-

Sin ukve SesaZlebelia cru gangaSis gamocxadeba da RonisZiebebis SeCereba.

cru gangaSis gamocxadebas yovelTvis Tan unda axldes im adamianebisTvis

madlobis sajarod gadaxda, romlebmac informacia mogvawodes saeWvo

SemTxvevis Sesaxeb, rac erTgvari waxaliseba iqneba mosaxleobisaTvis, raTa

uyoymanod Segvatyobinon informacia Roris afrikuli cxelebis msgavsi

SemTxvevebis Sesaxeb. Sinauri cxovelebis mniSvnelovani daavadebebis kon-

trolisTvis arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs saeWvo SemTxvevebis Sesaxeb infor-

maciis Setyobinebis kulturis danergvas. aqve yuradreba unda gamaxvildes

imaze, rom sagulisxmoa ufro sindromuli SemTxvevebi da ara konkretuli

daavadebebi (magaliTad, Roris hemoragiuli-enteraluri sindromi Roris

afrikuli an klasikuri cxelebisTvis da baqteriuli sefsisiTvis);

Setyobinebis (gangaSis) fazaTu klinikuri an epidemiologiuri Sedegebi didi albaTobiT miuTiTebs

Roris afrikul cxelebaze da kerZod, xanmokle periodSi yvela asakis Roris

didi raodenobiT daxocvis SemTxvevaSi, Semdegi ZiriTadi moqmedebebi unda

ganxorcieldes:

� diagnozis dadastureba laboratorul pirobebSi;

� gamovlenili keridan infeqciis gavrcelebis prevencia;

� sxva SesaZlo kerebis gamovlena;

� vet.samsaxurebis xelmZRvanelobisTvis RonisZiebis Sesaxeb informa-

ciis miwodeba da gavrceleba.

vet.samsaxuris direqtorma an qveynis mTavarma veterinarma unda:

� uzrunvelyos RonisZiebaTa SemoReba adgilobriv doneze kontrolis

gansaxorcieleblad, anu karantinSi unda moeqces inficirebuli sa-

warmos teritoria da aikrZalos Rorebisa da Roris xorcis produ-

qtebis gadaadgileba;

� aamoqmedos Roris afrikul cxelebasTan dakavSirebiT Seqmnili sa-

gangebo mdgomareobisTvis mzadyofnis erovnuli gegma, daavadebis

laboratorul pirobebSi dadasturebisTanave (an Tundac mzadeba

gegmis amoqmedebisTvis, Tu daavadebis gavrcelebis didi albaTobaa

(klinikuri da epidemiologiuri monacemebi);

� daiwyos sagangebo fondis Tanxebis gamoyeneba (idealur SemTxvevaSi)

an miiRos zomebi im finansuri saxsrebis xelmisawvdomobis uzrunv-

elsayofad, romlebic aucilebelia afeTqebis masStabis gansazRvris

mizniT damatebiT gansaxorcielebeli savele gamoZiebis xarjebis das-

afaravad;

� uzrunvelyos aRWurvilobis, masalebisa da transportis xelmi-

sawvdomoba;

� daakompleqtos da daniSnulebis adgilze gagzavnos Roris afrikul

cxelebis eqspertTa jgufi, romlis SemadgenlobaSic unda Sediodnen

epidemiologi, laboratoruli diagnostikosi da makontrolebeli

piri da uzrunvelyos igi saoperacio da teqnikuri mxardaWeriT;

� moiwvios uwyebaTaSorisi Sexvedra policiis, jarisa da sxva saxelmwi-

fo uwyebaTa gasafrTxileblad, Tu es maTi mxridan TanamSromlobis

uzrunvelsayofad aris aucilebeli;

� gansazRvros kontrolisa da zedamxedvelobis zonebi;

� gaafrTxilos provinciebisa da regionebis mTavari veterinarebi,

vinadian Roris afrikul cxelebas did teritoriebze swarafad ga-

vrcelebis unari axasiaTebs.


mezobeli qveynebis vet.samsaxurebis direqtorebi gafrTxilebulebi

unda iyvnen Roris daavadebis Sesaxeb, romelmac SeiZleba zemoqmedeba iqo-

nios maT pirutyvze. vinaidan Roris afrikul cxelebas qveynis teritori-

is gareT swarafad gavrcelebis unari gaaCnia, miTumetes sustad daculi

sazRvrebis mqone qveynebSi. mezobeli qveynebis vet.samsaxurebi saTanandod

daafaseben im faqts, Tu gamovlenili SemTxvevis Sesaxeb miiReben garkveul

informaciasa da gafrTxilebas, Tumdac daavadeba jer ar iyos dadasture-

buli. Tu arseboben erovnuli an adgilobrivi fermerTa asociaciebi, maTi rac

SeiZleba swrafad gafrTxileba Seqmnili mdgomareobis Sesaxeb, uzrunvely-

ofs am asociaciebis mxridan mxardaWerasa da TanamSromlobas Roris afri-

kuli cxelebis dadasturebis SemTxvevaSi da aseve, maT xelSewyobas karanti-

nis SemoRebaSi.

samoqmedo fazasamoqmedo faza iwyeba maSin, rodesac Roris afrikuli cxelebis SemTxvevebi

dadasturebulia da daavadebasTan dakavSirebiT gamocxadebulia sagangebo

mdgomareoba. dauyovnebliv unda ganxorcieldes Semdegi moqmedebebi:

� Roris afrikuli cxelebis infeqciis Sesaxeb gancxadebis gavrceleba

saerTaSoriso masStabiT; � politikuri mxardaWeris mopoveba daavadebis kontrolis Ronis Zi-

ebaTa gasatareblad;� uwyebaTaSorisi komitetis Sexvedra;

� sazogadoebis informirebis kampaniis organizeba;

� inficirebuli da maTTan kontaqtSi myofi Rorebis droulad likvida-

cia, kompensaciis gadaxda da teritoriis gawmenda (erTi kvira);

� inficirebuli kerebidan Rorebisa da Roris xorcis produqtebis ga-

tanis SemTxevaTa Tavidan acileba;

� Roris afrikuli cxelebis meTvalyureoba mTeli qveynis masStabiT.

informaciis Setyobinebaveterinaruli samsaxuris direqtorma infeqciis arsebobis faqtis Sesaxeb

Setyobineba unda gaugzavnos iseT msoflio organizaciebs, rogoricaa OIE da FAO da aseve regionul organizaciebs. amis Sesaxeb informacia aseve ofi-

cialurad unda ecnobos mezobel qveynebsa da savaWro partniorebs.mezobeli qveynebisTvis informaciis dagvianebiT Setyobinebam SeiZleba

seriozulad imoqmedos Roris afrikuli cxelebis kontrolze da am qvey-

nebTan politikur urTierTobebze.

politikuri mxardaWeris mopovebaveterinaruli departamentis saqmianobaze pasuxismgebeli ministri jer-

kidev daavadebis afeTqebamde unda flobdes informacias yvelaze mniS-

vnelovani epidemiuri daavadebebis Sesaxeb, romlebmac SeiZleba seriozuli

zegavlena iqonion adamianis saarsebo saSualebebze, vaWrobasa da qveynis

ekonomikur zrdaze, an uSualod adamianebze. Roris afrikuli cxelebis da-

dasturebisTanave, dauyovnebliv unda Catardes TaTbiri, romelzec minis-

trs moaxseneben mimdinare mdgomareobisa da daavadebasTan dakavSirebuli

mniSvnelovani faqtebis Sesaxeb, mokled gaacnoben kanonmdeblobas, romelic

aregulirebs daavadebis kontrolTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs da daavadebis

kontrolis RonisZiebebisTvis gamoyofil biujets. amasTanave, daavadebis

kontrolis RonisZiebaTa warumateblobis SemTxvevaSi, qveynisTvis miyenebu-

samoqmedo gegma 75

li zarali realurad unda Sefasdes. aseTi gaangariSebebi winaswar unda iyos

momzadebuli da SemdgomSi maTSi regularulad unda moxdes cvlilebebis

Setana inflaciis donisa da iseTi cvalebadi faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebiT,

rogoricaa Roris warmoebis donis zrda da warmoebis modernizacia. Roris

afrikuli cxelebis kontrolisTvis fondidan (an sagangebo daavadebaTa fi-

nansuri mxardaWeris sxva sistemidan) resursebis mobilizebis mizniT, auci-

lebelia sagangebo nebarTvis mopoveba.

sazogadoebis informirebis kampaniasazogadoebis informirebis efeqturad organizebuli kampania, Roris af-

rikuli cxelebis kontrolis ganxorcielebaSi albaT yvelaze mniSvnelova-

ni damxmare elementia da amitom, igi samoqmedo gegmis ganuyofeli nawili

unda iyos. sazogadoebis informirebis kampaniis yvelaze warmatebuli mod-

elis gansazRvra xdeba qveynis specifikidan gagamomdinare, magram arsebobs

garkveuli ZiriTadi wesebi, romlebic saerToa yvela qveynisTvis:

� gamoiyeneT mas-mediis sxvadasxva saSualebebi. Soreuli ubnebis gasa-

frTxileblad xSirad, yvelaze kargi saSualebaa radio, vinaidan mosax-

leobas SeiZleba televizori ar hqondes, xolo gazeTebi dabeWvdidan

mxolod ramodenime dReSi miuvides. Tumca, televiziiTac da gancx-

adebebi gazeTebSi mainc unda gakeTdes. aseve SesaZlebelia mobilur

telefonebze SMS-gafrTxilebebis gagzavna.

� TvalsaCino posterebisa da bukletebis farTod gavrceleba xels

Seuwyobs kampaniis warmatebiT ganxorcielebas.

� Tavi SeikaveT emociuri da iseTi gancxadebebisgan, romlebic sima-

rTles ar Seesabameba, magaliTad rom Roris afrikuli cxeleba adami-

anis sikvdils iwvevs. yuradReba gaamaxvileT iseT realurad arasaxar-

bielo faqtorebze, rogoricaa fasebis momateba sakveb produqtebze.

� sajaro Sexvedrebi daavadebis Sesaxeb mosaxleobis informirebis efeq-

tur saSualebas warmoadgens, vinaidan amgvarad adamianebs SekiTxvebis

dasmisa da informaciis miwodebis SesaZlebloba eZelevaT. es aseve

xels SeuSlis araswori informaciis (Worebis) gavrcelebas.

� gamoiyeneT sxva qveynebis gamocdileba Roris afrikuli cxelebis mZ-

ime Sedegebze yuradRebis gasamaxvileblad.

� regularulad miawodeT mosaxleobas axali informacia ukve gatare-

buli RonisZiebebis Sedegebis Sesaxeb.

� gaxsovdeT, rom xSirad ukeTesia, rodesac mosaxleobas qveynis mTavari

veterinaris gzavnilebs araveterinari auwyebs, vidre piriqiT.

im SemTxvevaSi, Tu qveynisa da adgilobriv doneebze arsebobs fermerTa

asociaciebi, maSin politikuri TvalsazrisiT mizanSewonili iqneba maTi in-

formireba mimdinare viTarebis Sesaxeb.

Rorebis dakvla, ganadgureba da dekonteminaciainficirebuli Rorebis an maTTan kontaqtSi myofi Rirebis likvidacia saTa-

nadod aRWurvili jgufis mier unda ganxorcieldes, romelic amas Rorebis

mepatroneebisTvis misaRebi humanuri meTodebiT gaakeTebs da mokluli

Rorebis narCenebis utilizacias moaxdens imgvarad, rom gamoricxuli iyos

maTi SemdgomSi moxmareba. amis Semdeg teritoriasa da jgufis wevrebs au-

cileblad unda Cautardes dezinfeqcia. daxocili Roris leSisa da iseTi

inficirebuli masalebis utilizaciisTvis, rogoricaa qveSsagebi da mor-

Cenili sakvebi, rekomendebulia maTi Rrmad Camarxva an dawva. es unda gakeT-

des imave teritoriaze, an mis siaxloves. potenciurad inficirebuli narCe-

nebis gadatana did manZilebze rekomendebuli ar aris, radganac arsebobs


suraTi 5 humanuri meTodiT Rorebis dakvla (pnevmaturi, eleqtro Soki)

– moTxovnebi: kanonmdeblobis amoqmedeba (da jarimebis daweseba

kanonmdeblobis Seusruleblobaze).

� gaZlierebuli epidemiologiuri zedamxedveloba Roris afrikuli cx-

elebisTvis:

� moTxovnebi: vet.samsaxuris kompetenciis farglebSi arsebuli epide-

miologiuri erTeuli, romelsac gaaCnia epidemiologiuri meTodebi-

sa da analizis ganxorcielebaSi specialurad momzadebuli kadrebi;

warmoebisa da marketingis jaWvebis codna; mwarmoeblebisTvs, movaW-

reebsa da sasaklaos inspeqtorebisTvis cnobili unda iyos daavadebis

SemTxvevebis Sesaxeb informaciis dauyovnebliv Setyobinebis aucile-

blobis Sesaxeb, dadagenili procedurebis Sesabamisad; erovnuli pro-

gramis SemoRebis SesaZleblobis ganxilva, romelic gaiTvaliswinebs

im pirTa dajildoeba/waxalisebas, romlebic uzrunvelyofen infor-

macias Roris afrikuli cxelebis SemTxvevaTa Sesaxeb;


inficirebuli siTxeebis daRvris, satransporto saSualebis mwyobridan

gamosvlisa da gaZarcvis saSiSroeba, ramac SeiZleba kidev ufro daamZimos

arsebuli mdgomareoba. Roris mepatroneebs, romlebmac amis Sesaxeb ician

ar surT, rom potenciurad inficirebuli masalebis gadaadgileba maTi

fermebis siaxloves moxdes. magram, daxocili Roris narCenebis gadatana

did manZilze mdebare Camarxvis adgilebSi ewinaaRmdegeba dadgenilebas

Rorebis inficirebul teritoriaze an mis farglebs gareT, gadaadgilebis

akrZalvis Sesaxeb da amgvari qmedeba cudi magaliTi iqneba mosaxleobisTvis.

fermebis Rorebisgan daclisTanave unda moxdes maTi teritoriis gawmenda

da Catardes sadezinfeqcio samuSaoebi; ganadgurdes yvela iseTi masala

rogoricaa fekali, qveSsagebi da morCenili sakvebi; aseve unda gaiwmindos

da dezinfeqcia Cautardes wylis WurWelsa da xis sakveburebs. dezinfeqci-

isTvis SesaZlebelia 2% natriumis hipoqloritis, 2% natriumis hidroqsi-

dis an viruciduli Tvisebebis mqone sarecxi saSualebis gamoyeneba. jgufis

wevrebma unda gamoiyenon damcavi tanisamosi da Tavadac Caitaron gawmend-

isa da dezinfeqciis procedurebi kerZod, TiToeuli RonisZiebis Semdeg

daibanon da gamoiyenon sadezinfeqcio saSualebebi xelebisa da fexsacmlis

dasamuSavevlad.

Rorebis likvidaciis RonisZiebis ganxorcielebamde Roris mepatroneebi

unda daarwmunoT imaSi, rom maT sabazro fasebis mixedviT gadauxdian kompen-

sacias. Roris mepatroneTa darwmunebis ramodenime gza arsebobs: pirveli,

daxocili Rorebi maTi TandaswrebiT unda aiwonis, raTa eWvi ar SeeparoT

SeTavazebuli fasis samarTlianobaSi; meore, kompensaciis odenobis gan-

sazRvra unda mixdes sami kategoriis mixedviT: goWi, burvaki an mozrdili

Rori. sajiSe Rorebis Sefaseba xdeba mosaxleobasa da kerZo seqtorebs Soris

SeTanxmebis safuZvelze, sagangebo RonisZiebis gatarebamde.

Rorebis gadaadgilebis prevenciaxSirad, Rorebisa da Roris xorcis produqtebis gadaadgilebis marTva

da prevencia, daavadebis kontrolis erT-erTi yvelaze rTuli mxarea.

ZiriTadad, es RonisZiebebi emyareba:� kanonmdeblobas, romelic specialurad ganixilavs epidemiur daavade-

bebs an romlis amoqmedebac xdeba maSin, rodesac saganagebo mdgomar-

eobaa gamocxdebuli; am kanonmdeblobis aRsrulebas uzrunvelyofen

vet. samsaxurebi da samarTaldamcavi struqturebi maT Soris, poli-

cia da jari;

� TanamSromlobas mwarmoeblebisa da mosaxleobis mxridan, rode-

sac cxo velTa gadaadgilebis prevencia standartuli meTodebiT ar

xerxdeba;

� kompensaciis gadaxdas Sinauri cxovelebis savaldebulo wesiT dax-

ocvisTvis, misi aralegalurad gadaadgilebisa da farulad garigebe-

bis dadebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT;

� kanonis moTxovnebis Sesrulebasa da maTi darRvevisTvis efeqturi

jarimebis SemoRebas.

nebismieri erovnuli samoqmedo gegma unda Seicavdes axal RonisZiebebs

pirutyvis gadaadgilebis kontrolis an marTvis RonisZiebaTa mxarda-

saWerad. es SeiZleba moicavdes Roris warmoebis warmomadgenelTa monaw-

ileobas gzebze ganlagebuli sakontrolo-gamSvebi punqtebis muSaobaSi,

im bukletebisa da posterebis gavrcelebaSi, romlebic pirutyvis ukanono

gadaadgilebis Sedegebis ilustrirebas axdens. igi aseve unda iTvalsiwineb-

des stimulebs pirutyvis aralegaluri gadaadgilebis Sesaxeb informaciis

SetyobinebisTvis, rac xels Seuwyobs aseTi faqtebis ignorirebis praqtikis

aRmofxvras.

samoqmedo gegma 77

qveyanaSi kontrolis gasamyareblad SesaZlebelia sakontrolo-gamSvebi

punqtebis ganlageba gzebze. am RonisZiebis efeqturobis uzrunvelsayofad

aucilebelia, rom igi aseve iTvaliswinebdes Cxrekis Catarebas Roris xorci-

sa da cocxali goWebis aRmoCenis mizniT. aseve SesaZlebelia avtomanqanebis

saburavebis sadezinfeqcio saSualebiT damuSavebis RonisZiebis SemoReba.

Tumca, saburavebi did xans mainc ar rCeba Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusiT

dabinZurebuli, garda im SemTxvevebisa, rodesac manqanas mokle manZilze

da naleqiani amindis pirobebSi uwevs gadaadgileba. im SemTxvevaSi Tu aseTi

RonisZieba iqneba SemoRebuli, igi saTanadod unda ganxorcieldes.

meTvalyureobis warmoeba Roris afrikuli cxelebisTvismeTvalyureobas Roris afrikuli cxelebisa da Roris sxva daavadebebisa-

Tvis, romlebic SecdomiT SeiZleba Roris afrikul cxelebad miviCnioT,

awarmoeben cxovelTa jandacvis adgilobrivi samsaxuris muSakebi, Roris

mwarmoeblebisa da nebismieri sxva Sesabamisi dainteresebuli mxareebis mx-

ardaWeriT. aucilebelia gamoiyos sufTa xazebi daavadebis SemTxvevaTa

Sesaxeb informaciis gadacemisTvis. iq, sadac infeqciis kerebia da sadac

ifeqciis gavrcelebis didi albaToba arsebobs, unda moewyos informaciis

sajarod gamoqveynebis dReebi. regularulad unda ganaxldes Roris mwar-

moebelTa reestri, romelSic qveyanaSi arsebuli koltebis aRricxva war-

moebs. sanaSene Rorebis Semotanis an koltebis ganaxlebis Semdeg, Roris yve-

la sawarmo (gansakuTrebiT ki sawarmoebi, romlebic mdebareobs im adgilebis

SemogarenSi, sadac adre Roris afrikuli cxelebis infeqciis kerebi arsebob-

da) orjer mainc unda daTvalierdes (orkviriani intervaliT), vidre ar dar-

wmundebiT rom Roris afrikuli cxelebisgan Rorebis daxocvis SemTxvevebs

adgili ara aqvs (informaciis floba aucilebelia – “uaryofiTi” an nulovani

informacia ukeTesia, vidre aranairi informacia). Roris afrikuli cxelebis

klinikur niSnebSi kargad garkveulma vet.muSakebma unda awarmoon Rorisa da

pirutyvis yvela bazrebisa da sasaklaoebis inspeqtireba da mevaWreTa gamok-

iTxva. maT unda hqondeT ufleba im Rorebis daWeris ufleba, romelTac daa-

vadebis saeWvo niSnebi aReniSnebaT an romlebic Semotanilia im fermebidan,

sadac sikvdilianobis maRali done iyo dafiqsirebuli, an fermebidan, rom-

lebic inficirebul zonebSi an maT siaxloves mdebareobs. dakluli Rorebis

sisxlisa da organoebis Cabareba Roris afrikul cxelebaze testirebi-

sTvis, SesaZlebelia erovnul sadiagnostiko laboratoriaSi. informaciis

regularulad Setyobinebasa da gavrcelebas xeli unda Seewyos, magaliTad

kvireuli an orkvireuli epidemiologiuri angariSebis meSveobiT.

meTvalyureobis gasaZliereblad adgilobriv, regionul da erovnul

doneze SesaZlebelia seminarebis Catareba Roris afrikuli cxelebis amoc-

nobisa da marTvis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT. axal damswreTa mier infor-

maciis miRebisa da treiningis gavlis uzrunvelsayofad, aseTi seminarebi

regularuli intervalebiT unda Catardes. aseve SeiZleba saWiro gaxdes

specialuri momzadebis kursis ganmeorebiT Catareba maTTvis, visac igi adre

ukve gavlili hqonda, miTumetes Tu daavadebis afeTqeba didi xnis win moxda.

RonisZiebaTa dasrulebis fazaim SemTxvevaSi, Tu Roris afrikuli cxelebis diagnozi ar dasturdeba, vet.

samsaxuris direqtorma unda acnobos yvela mxares, rom sagangebo mdgomar-

eoba aRar arsebobs. Roris afrikuli cxelebis diagnozis dadasturebisas,

sagangebo mdgomareobasTan dakavSirebul RonisZiebaTa dasrulebis faza iw-

yeba maSin, rodesac vet.samsaxuris direqtori CaTvlis, rom infeqciis kere-

bis lokalizebis, kontrolisa da aRmofxvris yvela operaciam dasaxul mi-


zans miaRwia. Tu ramdenad swrafad moxdeba es daavadebis pirvelad afeTqebis

Semdeg, damokidebulia garemoebebze da maT Soris imaze iqneba aRmoCenili Tu

ara sxva kerebi, maT masStabze da daavadebis kontrolis/Rorebis likvidaciis

RonisZiebaTa warmatebaze. saerTod, Tu Tavdapirevli afeTqebis Semdeg, ori

Tvis ganmavlobaSi momdevno afeTqebebi aRar fiqsirdeba, RorebiT da Roris

xorcis produqtebis vaWroba SeiZleba Cveul reJimSi ganaxldes, magram ga-

Zlierebuli vet.kontrolis qveS, pirveli erTi-ori Tvis ganmavlobaSi mainc.

saindikatori Rorebis Semoyvana adre inficirebuli fermis teritoriaze

SesaZlebelia teritoriis Rorebisgan daclisa da dezinfeqciis Catarebis

Semdeg 40 dReSi, an ufro adre, Tu teritoria izolirebulia da mis garSemo

aqtiuri kerebi ar moipoveba. Tu teritoriaze Semoyvanis Semdeg, Rorebs ori

an sami kviris ganmavlobaSi daavadebis simptomebi ar gamouvlindebaT, maSin

sakmao safuZveli gvaqvs vivraudod, rom daavadebis afeTqeba kontrols dae-

qvemdebara.

79

Tavi 10

kadrebis specialuri momzadeba,

testireba da sagangebo gegmebSi

cvlilebebisa Setana

saimitacio swavlebasaimitacio swavleba sasargebloa daavadebis gavrcelebiT gamowveu-

li sagangebo mdgomareobis dadgomamde sagangebo gegmebis testirebisa

da daxvewisTvis. isini mniSvnelovania daavadebiT gamowveul sagangebo

SemTxvevaSi reagirebis jgufebis Camoyalibebisa da individualuri Statis

specialuri momzadebisTvis.

amgvari swavlebisTvis unda SemuSavdes daavadebis afeTqebis realistu-

ri scenarebi da sadac SesaZlebelia, realur monacemTa gamoyenebiT Sinaur

cxovelTa adgilsamyofelis, populaciebisa da savaWro gzebis Sesaxeb. sce-

nari SeiZleba moicavdes erT an met fazas an realur afeTqebas da SesaZlo

Sedegebis mTeli wyebis ilustrirebas axdendes. magram, arc scenari da arc

swavleba zedmetad gadatvirTuli an grZeli ar unda iyos. ajobebs, Tu erT

jerze erTi sistemis testireba moxdeba (magaliTad, rogor muSaobs daa-

vadebis kontrolis adgilobrivi centri). saimitacio swavleba SeiZleba

Catardes werilobiT (auditoriaSi), moqmedebebis imitaciis meSveobiT

(gamocda savele pirobebSi) an kombinirebuli formiT. yoveli saimitacio

swavlebis Semdeg, Sedegebis Sefaseba unda moxdes, romelic miznad isaxavs im

adgilebis gamovlenas, romlebic moiTxovs gegmebSi cvlilebebis Setanasa da

damatebiT swavlebas.

daavadebis farTomasStabiani afeTqebis modelirebaze gadasvla mizanSe-

wonilia mxolod daavadebis kontrolis reagirebis calkeuli komponente-

bis gamocdisa da praqtikulad ganxorcielebis Semdeg. manamde Catarebul

swavlebas, SesaZloa ukuSedegebi mohyves. imisaTvis, rom mas-mediis saSuale-

bebma da sazogadoebam saimitacio swavleba daavadebis realur afeTqebad ar

CaTvalon, aucilebelia maTi da aseve mezobeli qveynebis winaswar gafrTx-

ileba. amgvari gaugebrobis Tavidan asacileblad, dagegmili saimitacio

swavlebis Sesaxeb cxoevlTa jandacvis msoflio organizacia ramodenime

kviriT adre unda iyos gafrTxilebuli.

vinaidan Roris afrikuli cxeleba transsasazRvro cxovelTa daavade-

baTa ricxvs miekuTvneba, Zalian sasargebloa saimitacio swavlebis Catareba

mezobel qveynebTan erTad, magram es mxolod erovnuli gegmebis praqtikul

ganxorcielebaSi maRali donis miRwevis Semdeg unda moxdes.

kadrebis specialuri momzadebakadrebma kargad unda Seiswavlon TavianTi rolebi, movaleobebi da fun-

qciebi Roris afrikuli cxelebiT gamowveul sagangebo situaciaSi. mTavar

personals ufro intensiuri swavleba unda Cautardes. unda gvaxsovdes, rom

personalis nebismieri wevri, dawyebuli mTavari veterinaridan, SeiZleba sa-

gangebo situaciis ganviTarebis dros adgilze ar imyofebodes an Sesacvleli


gaxdes da amitom, aucilebelia aseve saTadarigo kadrebis specialuri mom-

zadeba TiToeuli TanamdebobisTvis.

Roris afrikuli cxelebisTvis SemuSavebul sagangebo gegmebSi cvlilebebis regularulad Setanasagangebo gegmebi unda ganvixilod ara rogorc ucvleli nimuSebi, aramed

rogorc dokumentebi, romlebic regularulad saWiroeben cvlilebebis

Setanas, cvalebadi garemoebebis asaxvis mizniT. Roris afrikuli cxelebi-

sTvis SemuSavebul sagangebo gegmebSi cvlilebebis Setanis dros gasaTval-

iswinebelia Semdegi faqtorebi:

� epidemiologiuri viTarebis Secvla qveynis SigniT da gareT;

� axali safrTxeebi Roris afrikul cxelebasTan dakavSirebiT;

� cvlilebebi saqonlis warmoebis sistemebsa da Sida da sagareo vaWro-

bis moTxovnebSi;

� cvlilebebi erovnul kanonmdeblobaSi an saxelmwifo vet.samsaxuris

an sxva samTavrobo dawesebulebaTa struqturaSi an resursebSi;

� qveynisa da mezobeli saxelmwifoebis gamocdileba, specialuri mom-

zadebis an simulaciuri swavlebis Sedegebi da mTavar dainteresebul

mxareTa da maT Soris, fermerTa SeniSvnebi.

81

danarTi 1

FAO-sa da cxovelTa jandacvis msoflio

organizaciis laboratoriebi Roris

afrikuli cxelebisTvis

mocemuli sia ZalaSia 2008 wlis bolomde. momavalSi man SeiZleba garkveuli

cvlilebebi ganicados. miTiTebul laboratoriebis axal siebTan dakav-

SirebiT informaciis mosaZieblad ixileT FAO-sa da cxovelTa jandacvis

msoflio organizaciis veb-gverdebi, romlebic xelmisawvdomia sadiagnos-

tiko testebisa da vaqcinebis Sesaxeb saxelmZRvanelos bolo eleqtronul

versiaSi (www.oie.int).

soflis meurneobisa da mecxove-

leobis instituti Centro de Investig-ación en Sanidad Animal Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (CISA-INIA), 28130 valdeolmosi, madridi

doq. c. galardo

tel.faqsi

el.fosta o ini .e

cxovelTa jandacvis institutis

pirbraiTis laboratoria,

eSroudi, pirbraiTi, surei

gaerTianebuli samefo

doq. s. oura

tel.

faqsi

el.fosta i .o . .

ganaTlebis saministro, madri-

dis universitetis veterinariis

fakulteti Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universi-dad Complutense de Madrid, avda puerta de hiero s/n 28040,

madridi

doq j.m. sanCes-vizkano

tel.faqsi

el.fosta i ino et. .e

ARC-onderspurtis veterinaruli

instituti,

kerZo safosto yuTi X5, onderspur-

ti 01 10, samxreT afrika

doq. a. lubisi

tel.: +27 12 529 91 01

faqsi: +27 12 529 95 43/95

el.fosta: i i . i .

FAO – saxelmZRvaneloebi cxovelTa warmoebasa da maT jandacvaze

1. Small-scale poultry production, 2004 (E, F)2. Good practices for the meat industry, 2006 (E, F, S, Ar)3. Preparing for highly pathogenic avian influenza, 2006 (E, Ar, Se, Fe, Me)4. Wild Bird HPAI Surveillance – A manual for sample collection from healthy, sick and dead birds, 2006 (E, F, R, Id, Se, Are, Ce, Ba**)5. Wild birds and Avian Influenza – An introduction to applied field research and disease sampling techniques, 2007 (E, F, R, Id, Ba, S**)6. Compensation programs for the sanitary emergence of HPAI-H5N1 in Latin American and the Caribbean, 2008 (Ee, Se)7. The AVE systems of geographic information for the assistance in the epidemiological surveillance of the avian influenza, based on risk (Ee, Se)8. saTadarigo gegmebis momzadeba Roris afrikuli cxelebisaTvis (E, Ka, Hy)

xelmisawvdomia maisi 2010

Ar - arabuli Multil - mraval enovani C - Cinuri * beWdvidan moxsnili

E - inglisuri ** mzadebis procesSi

F - franguli e gamocema

P - portugaliuri

R - rusuli

S - espanuri

M - monRoluri

Id - malaiziuri

Ba - bangladeSuri

Ka - qarTuli

Hy - somxuri

FAO-s saxelmZRvaneloebi cxovelTa warmoebasa da maT jandacvaze xelmisawvdomia FAO-s

avtorizebuli gayidvebis agentebTan an gayidvisa da marketingis jgufTan.

FAO cxovelTa jandacvis Sesaxeb saxelmZRvaneloebi

1. Manual on the diagnosis of rinderpest, 1996 (E) 2. Manual on bovine spongifom encephalophaty, 1998 (E) 3. Epidemiology, diagnosis and control of helminth parasites of swine, 1998 4. Epidemiology, diagnosis and control of poultry parasites, 1998 5. Recognizing peste des petits ruminant – A field manual, 1999 (E, F) 6. Manual on the preparation of national animal disease emergency preparedness plans, 1999 (E) 7. Manual on the preparation of rinderpest contingency plans, 1999 (E) 8. Manual on livestock disease surveillance and information systems, 1999 (E) 9. Recognizing African swine fever – A field manual, 2000 (E, F) 10. Manual on Participatory Epidemiology – Method for the Collection of Action-Oriented

Epidemiological Intelligence, 2000 (E) 11. Manual on the preparation of african swine fever contigency plans, 2001 (E) 12. Manual on procedures for disease eradication by stamping out, 2001 (E) 13. Recognizing contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, 2001 (E, F) 14. Preparation of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia contingency plans, 2002 (E, F) 15. Preparation of Rift Valley fever contingency plans, 2002 (E, F) 16. Preparation of foot-and-mouth disease contingency plans, 2002 (E) 17. Recognizing Rift Valley fever, 2003 (E)

saxelmZRvanelo

ISSN

181

0-11

19

8

FAO cxovelTa jandacva da warmoeba

Roris afrikuli cxeleba Roris virusuli, hemoragiuli daavadebaa, romelic Cveulebriv

gavrcelebisa da sikvdilianobis maRali doniT xasiaTdeba. cnobilia, rom daavadebam

SeiZleba damangreveli Sedegi iqonios Roris warmoebaze da maT Soris maRali

industrializaciis, mcire komerciul sawarmoTa da SinameurneobaTa doneze, rasac

mohyveba pirutyvisa da xorcis saeqsporto bazrebis daxurva, Roris populaciebis

ganadgureba da saarsebo saSualebaTa dakargva calkeuli adamianebisa da ojaxebis mier.

Roris afrikuli cxeleba cxovelTa erT-erTi im transsasazRvro daavadebaTagania,

romelic yvelaze rTulad eqvemdebareba kontrols imis gamo, rom dResdReobiT mis

winaaRmdeg efeqturi vaqcina ar arsebobs. misi gadacema xdeba pirdapiri kontaqtis gziT

infeqciis matarebel da infeqciisadmi mgrZnobelobis mqone Rorebs Soris da aseve

Ornithodoros saxeobis inficirebuli rbilzurgiani tkipebis meSveobiT. velur bunebaSi am

infeqcias ramdenime rezervuari gaaCnia im adgilebSi, sadac igi endemuri xasiaTisaa.

Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusma xangrZlivi drois ganmavlobaSi SeiZleba SeinarCunos

aqtivoba dabinZurebul garemoSi an Roris xorcis gamoyvanil produqtebSi, romlebic

SeiZleba infeqciis wyarod gadaiqces an xeli Seuwyos daavadebis Soreul manZilebze

gavrcelebas.

daavadeba, romelic e. w. tropikuli afrikis (udabno saharas samxreTiT) udides nawilzea

gavrcelebuli, 1950-iani wlebis bolos Semotanil iqna evropaSi, sadac mis aRmofxvras 30

welze meti dro dasWirda. 1970-ian da 1980-ian wlebSi, daavadebam ramdenime jer iCina Tavi

Crdilo da samxreT amerikis ramdenime qveyanaSi, sadac misi sabolood aRmofxvra mxolod

erovnul da saerTaSoriso doneze gaerTianebuli ZalisxmeviT moxerxda. 2007 wlis Sua

periodSi, Roris afrikuli cxeleba, pirvelad dafiqsirda kavkasiaSi da Semdeg gavrcelda

mTel regionSi, ramac gamoiwvia Roris mwarmoebelTa SeSfoTeba aRmosavleT evropaSi da

mis gareT.

mocemuli saxelmZRvanelo SemuSavda Roris afrikuli cxelebis Sesaxeb 2001 wels

gamoqveynebul saxelmZRvaneloze dayrdnobiT (FAO-s saxelmZRvanelo No. 11), romelSic

Setanil iqna cvlilebebi axlad SeZenili codna-gamocdilebis gaTvaliswinebiT da

evropis qveynebis realobaze morgebis mizniT.

8FAO



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9 7 8 9 2 5 9 0 6 4 2 6 1I1196Ka/1/06.10/500

ISBN 978-92-5-906426-1 ISSN 1810-1119

FAO book Low Resolutionsalvatore montinarosa da andrea monakos maT mier ramodenime fotosuraTis...

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Transcript of FAO book Low Resolutionsalvatore montinarosa da andrea monakos maT mier ramodenime fotosuraTis...