fanq ari

paata p a p a v a , lela qistauri

klasi IVkiTxvis done – 4.2teqstis tipi – sainformacio-SemecnebiTi

saqarTvelos dawyebiTi ganaTlebis proeqti (G-PriEd) madlobas uxdis lela qistaurs, rezo gogias, nugzar arCe maSvils da eliso rexviaSvils, romlebmac paata papavas xelmZRvanelobiT mniSvnelovani wvlili Seitanes am wignebis momzadebaSi. gansakuTrebuli madloba qalbaton medea kakaCias (USAID) ga­we uli daxmarebisTvis.

am masalis momzadeba SesaZlebeli gaxda amerikeli xalxis keTili nebiTa da aSS saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagentos mxardaWeriT. masalebis Sinaarsze pasuxismgebelia SemdgenelTa jgufi da igi ar warmoadgens aSS saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagentosa da aSS mTavrobis azrs. Ees masala momzadda aSS saerTaSoriso ganvi­Tarebis saagentos dawyebiTi ganaTlebis proeqtis farglebSi, romelic xorcieldeba saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministrosTan erTad.

fanq ari

paata p a p a v a , lela qistauri

2

fanqari yvelas gvWeria xelSi. es

nivTi Sens saskolo CanTaSi SeiZleba

axlac gidevs. is wvrili, joxiseburi

sagania, romelic Sedgeba xis garsisa da

sxvadasxva feris gulisgan. Savgulian

fanqars `ubralo~ fanqars vuwodebT.

zogs `kudze~ saSleli aqvs mimagrebuli.

misi erT-erTi mTavari Rirsebac esaa:

fanqriT dawerili teqstis an naxatis

waSla da Casworeba advilia.

fanqari sWirdeba TiTqmis yvela

profesiis adamians. mas sxvadasxva

daniSnulebiT viyenebT: vxatavT, vwerT,

vxazavT, moniSvnebs vakeTebT, testebs

vavsebT... zogi fanqars wignis saniSned,

Tmis samagrad, dramze dasartyam joxad

iyenebs... misgan zogjer sxvadasxva

aqsesuarsa da xelovnebis nimuSsac

ki qmnian. arsebobs aseTi ucnauri

hobic: fanqris gulisgan miniatiuruli

qan dakebebis damzadeba.

fanqars kompaniebi sakuTari rekla-

misTvis iyeneben. xSirad naxav fanqrebs

ama Tu im kompaniis logos gamosaxule-

biT.

dahkvirvebixar, ra idumali zegav-

lena aqvs am patara nivTs? amboben, rom

fanqriT muSaoba adamians amSvidebs,

uxsnis daZabulobas, exmareba azrov-

nebaSi, axali ideebis mofiqrebaSi, ufro

Tavdajerebuls xdis mas...

sainteresoa, Sen rogor iyeneb fan-

qars? xSirad xmarob? rogori fanqrebi

giyvars?

am wignSi bevr saintereso rames gaigeb

fanqris Sesaxeb. magaliTad, rodis da

rogor gamoigones igi, ra saxis fanqrebi

arsebobs, rogor amzadeben maT, romeli

qveyanaa fanqrebis umsxvilesi mwar-

moebeli da sxv.

3

4

fanqris Seqmnis istoria

amboben, rom fanqris istoria 1564

wlidan iwyeba. gadmocemis mixedviT,

erTxel britaneTSi, kamberlendis

sagrafoSi, Zlierma qariSxalma xeebi

amoZirkva. erTi amogdebuli xis qveS

glexma ucnauri muqi feris masa

aRmoaCina. is Zalian hgavda naxSirs,

magram ar iwvoda da gavlebisas mbzinav

Sav kvals tovebda. glexma isic SeniSna,

rom am nivTierebis laqa advilad ar

irecxeboda. male glexma da misma

mezoblebma ucnobi Savi natexebiT

cxvrebis moniSvna daiwyes.

mogvianebiT scades am nivTierebis

sawer masalad gamoyeneba. mas grafiti

uwodes (berZnuli sityvidan γραφειν, grafein – wera). Tavidan ostatebi xeliT

Tlidnen grafitis Rerebs da garedan

mTel sigrZeze zonars axvevdnen.

xmarebisas Reris galevasTan erTad

5

nel-nela zonarsac xsnidnen. aravin

icis, pirvelad vin Casva grafiti xis

budeSi, magram cnobilia, rom pirveli

`fan qrebi~ evropaSi XVI saukunis 60-ian

wlebSi gaCnda.

sufTa saxiT grafiti sakmaod myifea

da advilad ifSvneba. amitom mas ureven

Tixas, rac simyares matebs. am meTods

pirvelad frangma nikolas-Jak kontem

miagno 1795 wels. man dafxvnili grafiti

TixaSi auria da miRebul nazavs Cxiris

6

forma misca, Cxirebi ki gamowva.

nikolas-Jak konte narevSi grafitisa da

Tixis raodenobas cvlida da ase SeZlo

gansxvavebuli simuqis mqone fanqrebis

miReba. cnobilia, rom ukve 1846 wels 17

sxvadasxva simuqis fanqari gamodioda.

kontes mier aRmoCenil meTods dRemde

iyeneben fanqris warmoebaSi.

yuradRebiT daakvirdi `drois

RerZs~. is fanqris istorias asaxavs.

1564weli

britaneTSi aRmoaCines grafitis bunebrivimaragi

1795weli

nikolas-Jak kontem Seqmna fanqris gulis damzadebis meTodi

XVI saukunis

60-ianiwlebi

evropaSi pirveli fanqrebi gaCnda

1846weli

gamovida 17 sxvadasxva

simuqis fanqari

7

rogor amzadeben fanqrebs?

fanqris damzadebis yvelaze gavrce-

lebuli meTodi aseTia:

1. wvrilad dafxvnili grafitis,

Tixisa da wylis narevs atareben

liTonis wvril milSi, saidanac spagetis

formis masa gamodis.

2. gaSrobis, daWrisa da gamowvis

Semdeg grafitis Cxirebs cxel zeTsa da

fisSi uSveben.

3. cacxvis an kedris merqans Txel

fenebad Wrian. naWrebs SuaSi Rarebs

ukeTeben. erT fanqars xis ori aseTi

naWeri sWirdeba. rac ufro rbilia da

kargad gamomSrali xis merqani, miT

ufro advili gasaTleli gamodis

fanqari.

4. grafitis Reros amoWril RarSi

deben, xis meore naWers ki zemodan

awebeben.

8

5. rodesac webo Sreba, fanqrebs

formas aZleven: zedapirs uprialeben,

Rebaven, markas da sxva detalebs aweren.

dRes msoflioSi uamravi sxvadasxva

masalis, zomis, Seferilobis Tu formis

fanqari gamodis. cxadia, maTi dam za-

debis procesic gansxvavebulia. xSirad

fanqris boloze saSlels an saTlels

amagreben. zogjer mas sasa cilo saTa-

maSoc amSvenebs.

9

eqimebi gvafrTxileben:

ar daReWoT fanqari!

jer erTi, am gziT Sens organizmSi

uamravi mavne mik ro bi moxvdeba,

ramac SeiZleba janmrTelobis gaua-

reseba gamoiwvios.

meorec, fanqari webos, gudrons

da sxvadasxva saxis qimiur saRebavs

Seicavs. es nivTierebebi fanqris

sworad moxmarebis SemTxvevaSi jan-

m rTelobisTvis uvnebelia. mag ram

Tu isini piris RruSi aR moCndeba,

SeiZleba mogwamlos kidec.

10

rogor SevarCioT fanqari?

albaT, SegimCnevia, ubralo fanqars

`kudTan~ raRac cifrebi da laTinuri

asoebi aweria. sasurveli fanqris

SesarCevad saWiroa, am simboloebis

amocnoba da maTi mniSvneloba icode.

isini gviCvenebs ramdenad magari an

rbilia fanqari.

laTinuri aso H (inglisuri sit-

yvidan `HARD~) `magars~ niSnavs. H-fan-

qari bacad wers. is ukeTesia raimes

mosaniSnad da gasaxazad. zogjer fan-

qars H H-Tan erTad aweria cifrebic: 2H H,

4H, 6H H... rac ufro maRalia cifri, miT

ufro magaria (e.i. ufro bacad wers)

fanqari.

11

aso B (inglisuri sityvidan `BLACK~,

Savi) `rbils~ niSnavs. `rbili~ fanqari

ufro Sav, muq kvals tovebs furcelze

Zlieri dawolis gareSe, vidre H-fan qari.

mas ufro xSirad mxatvrebi iyeneben. rbil

fanqarzec gvxvdeba cif rebi: 2B, 3B, 7BHB da

a. S. rac ufro maRalia cifri, miT ufro

rbilia (e.i. ufro muqad wers) fanqari.

yvelaze xSirad sawerad HB-fanqars

iyeneben. is H-fanqarze ufro rbilia da

BB-fanqarze – magari, anu saSualo sir-

bilisaa. maswavleblebi xSirad swored

HB-fanqriT muSaobas gvTxoven xolme.

12

zog qveyanaSi fanqrebis simagre-

sirbiles sxvagvarad aRniSnaven. ame-

rikis SeerTebul StatebSi maT dasa-

nomrad cifrebs iyeneben. magaliTad,

iq fanqarze aRniSnuli cifri 2 imis

maCvenebelia, rom fanqari HB-s msgavsi,

anu saSualo simagrisaa. am sistemis

mixedviT, rac ufro maRalia cifri, miT

ufro magaria fanqari.

sxvadasxva

msoflioSi weliwadSi sul 14 miliardi

fanqari gamodis.

fanqris mwarmoeblebs Soris yvelaze

msxvili kompaniaa faber-kasteli

(Faber-Castell) amerikis SeerTebul

StatebSi. kompania weliwadSi 2 mi -

liardamde fan qars uSvebs. es fanqrebi

rom erTmaneTis miyolebiT davawyoT,

dedamiwis ekvators 6 wres Semouvlis

13

(cnobisTvis, dedamiwis ekvatoris sig-

rZe daaxloebiT 40000 km-ia).

fanqris aranakleb cnobili msxvili

mwarmoeblebi arian germanuli kompania

Stedleri (STAEDLER) da Cexuri kompa-

nia kohinori (KOH-I-NOOR).

daadgines, rom erT HB-fanqars SeuZ-

lia daaxloebiT 60-kilometriani xazis

gavleba. 2007 wels moxaliseTa jgufma

gadawyvita enaxaT, ramdens da werda

erTi fanqari. maT gadaweres amerikeli

mwerlis harper lis romanis `nu moklav

jafaras~ (To Kill A Mockingbird) 100388

sityva. moxaliseebi uSecdomod wer dnen,

dawerils ar Slidnen. weris das-

rulebisas fanqrisagan TiT qmis aRara-

feri darCa.

14

Cveulebrivi fanqari SeiZleba da -

axloebiT 17-jer gaiTalos.

erTi zrdasruli karibuli ca c x-

visgan saSualod 2500 cal fanqars amza-

deben.

msoflioSi yvelaze didi fanqari 20

metri sigrZisaa. is `faber-kastelis~

malaiziis filialSi daamzades.

yvelaze mokle fanqari 17,5 mm sig -

rZisaa. misi siganea 5 mm, wveri ki – 3 mm.

cicqna fanqrebic `faber-kastelSi~ dam-

zadda. sul 50 cali aseTi fanqari ga a-

keTes. isini sagangebod SerCeul mom-

xmareblebs aCuqes saSobaod. am cicqna

15

fanqriT wera SeiZleba. Tumca, is imde-

nad pataraa, mis dasaWerad pin ceti an

brtyeltuCa dagWirdebaT.

dRemde aRmoCenili yvelaze Zveli

fanqari germaniaSi, erT-erTi saxlis

sxvenSi, aRdgeniTi samuSaoebis dros

ipoves. is me-17 saukuneSia damzadebuli.

fanqari wers uwonobis mdgomare-

obaSic (kalmisgan gansxvavebiT), amitom

mas kosmosur xomaldebzec iyeneben.

bevrs hgonia, rom fanqari tyvias Sei-

cavs. sinamdvileSi, rogorc zemoT

vTqviT, misi nacrisferi guli grafiti-

sa da Tixis nazavia.

cnobili mwerlebi, ernest heminguei,

jon stainbeki, iuri nabokovi, revaz

inaniSvili fanqriT werdnen.

saSleliani fanqrebi 100 wlis win ar

arsebobda. maSin maswavleblebs miaC-

ndaT, rom moswavleebs Secdomebi ar

unda daeSvaT.

16

sainteresoa, rom amerikis Seer-

Tebul StatebSi saSleliani fan qrebia

popularuli, evropaSi ki – usaSlelo.

ra msgavseba da gansxvavebaa fanqarsa da kalams Soris?

Seqmeni venis diagrama.