Famous painters

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FAMOUS PAINTERS 17-20 centuries

Transcript of Famous painters

Page 1: Famous painters

FAMOUS PAINTERS

17-20 centuries

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SIR ANTHONY VAN DYCK

Sir Anthony Van Dyck (1599-1641) is a Flemish portrait

and religious painter and etcher. In1618 he was received as

a master in the artists’ guild, but even before this he

produced independent paintings in his studio. For a few

years he was the skilled assistant and close collaboration of

Rubens. He was also summoned to England by James I,

whose portrait he painted. In his portraits he conferred

upon his sitters’ elegance, dignity, and refinement,

qualities pleasing to royalty and aristocracy. In Antwerp he

painted his masterly “Lamentation”, his best portrait. The

work of Van Dyck differs radically from Rubens’ although it

is similar in technique. The colour is much more

restrained, the form more refined, although his best work

has an essential vigor. Van Dyck produced a fine series of

etched portraits known as the “Iconography”.

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SIR ANTHONY VAN DYCK

Henrietta Maria and the dwarf, Charles I with M. de St

Antoine Sir Jeffrey Hudson, 1633 (1633)

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WILLIAM HOGARTH

William Hogarth (10.11.1697 – 26.10.1764) was an English painter,

printmaker, pictorial satirist, social critic and editorial cartoonist who has

been credited with pioneering western sequential art. His work ranged from

realistic portraiture to comic strip-like series of pictures called "modern

moral subjects". Hogarth was also a popular portrait painter. In 1746 he

painted actor David Garrick as Richard III. In the same year a sketch of

Simon Fraser, 11th Lord Lovat, had an exceptional success.Hogarth's

truthful, vivid full-length portrait of his friend, the philanthropic Captain

Coram and his unfinished oil sketch of” The Shrimp Girl” may be called

masterpieces of British painting. “The Shrimp Girl” is an unsurpassed

masterpiece, depicted in bright colours and quick brush strokes. The image

of a laughing, cheerful common girl is contrasted to the ugly world of vices

and corruption. In this portrait, the artist managed to capture the girl’s

expression and the mood of the moment. Her face and everything is young

and fresh. Simple and real-life atmosphere, illuminated by youth, is joyous

and lovely. There are also portraits of his wife and his two sisters and of

many other people, among them Bishop Hoadly and Bishop Herring.

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WILLIAM HOGARTH

The Shrimp Girl Marriage à-la-mode,

Shortly After the Marriage (scene two of

six).

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REMBRANDT VAN RIJN

Rembrandt van Rijn (15.07.1606 – 04.10.1669) was a Dutch painter and etcher.

He is generally considered one of the greatest painters and printmakers in the

European art history and the most important in Dutch history. His contributions

to art came in a period of great wealth and cultural achievement that historians

call the Dutch Golden Age when painting was extremely prolific and innovative.

Having achieved youthful success as a portrait painter, Rembrandt's later years

were marked by personal tragedy and financial hardships. Yet his etchings and

paintings were popular throughout his lifetime, his reputation as an artist

remained high, and for twenty years he taught many important Dutch painters.

Rembrandt's greatest creative triumphs are exemplified especially in his portraits

of his contemporaries, 100 self-portraits and illustrations of scenes from the

Bible. His self-portraits form a unique and intimate biography, in which the artist

surveyed himself without vanity and with the utmost sincerity. In his paintings

and prints he exhibited knowledge of classical iconography, which he molded to

fit the requirements of his own experience; thus, the depiction of a biblical scene

was informed by Rembrandt's knowledge of the specific text, his assimilation of

classical composition, and his observations of Amsterdam's Jewish population.

The prodigious output of his lifetime is known to embrace more than 600

paintings, 300 etchings and nearly 2,000 drawings.

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REMBRANDT VAN RIJN

The Risen Christ Appearing to Mary Magdalen The Return of the Prodigal Son The

Storm on the Sea of Galilee

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CLAUDE MONET

Claude Monet (14.11.1840 – 05.12.1926) was one of the founders of French

impressionist painting, and the most consistent and prolific practitioner of the

movement's philosophy of expressing one's perceptions before nature, especially as

applied to plain-air landscape painting. The term Impressionism is derived from the

title of his painting “Impression”, “Sunrise”. These artists were called impressionists

because they painted outdoors and developed a sketchy “impressionistic” style, trying

to capture the changing effect of natural light. It’s better to look at Monet’s pictures

from a distance because his pictures are made of thousands of coloured dots, which

merge together and form the objects. In this way the artist expressed his impressions.

Throughout his long career, Monet consistently depicted the landscape and leisure

activities of Paris and its environs as well as the Normandy coast. He led the way to

twentieth-century modernism by developing a unique style that strove to capture on

canvas the very act of perceiving nature. He was making several series of studies of

the same object at different times of the day or year: haystacks, morning views of the

Seine, poplars, the Thames. Monet found subjects in his immediate surroundings, as

he painted the people and places he knew best. His first wife, Camille and his second

wife, Alice, frequently served as models. In the 1910s and '20s, Monet focused almost

exclusively on the picturesque water-lily pond that he created on his property at

Giverny. In the last decade of his life, nearly blind, Monet painted a group of large

water lily murals “Nympheas”.

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CLAUDE MONET

Impression, Sunrise

Nympheas

Bridge over a Pond of Water Lilies

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VINCENT WILLEM VAN GOGH

Vincent Willem van Gogh (30.03.1853 – 29.07.1890) was a Dutch post-

Impressionist painter whose work, notable for its rough beauty, emotional honesty

and bold colour, had a far-reaching influence on 20th-century art.

Van Gogh began to draw as a child, and he continued to draw throughout the years

that led up to his decision to become an artist. He did not begin painting until his

late twenties, completing many of his best-known works during the last two years of

his life. In just over a decade, he produced more than 2,100 artworks, consisting of

860 oil paintings and more than 1,300 watercolors, drawings, sketches and prints.

His work included self portraits, landscapes, still lives of flowers, portraits and

paintings of cypresses, wheat fields and sunflowers.

Van Gogh was a prolific self-portraitist, who painted himself 37 times. Van Gogh,

known for his landscapes, seemed to find painting portraits his greatest ambition.

He said of portrait studies, "The only thing in painting that excites me to the

depths of my soul, and which makes me feel the infinite more than anything else."

Tragically, Van Gogh died not knowing the acclaim his art would receive. Today his

legacy is immortal and he will be forever known as one of the greatest artists of the

modern era.

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VINCENT WILLEM VAN GOGH

Still Life: Vase with Twelve

Sunflowers

Wheat Field with Cypresses

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JOHN CONSTABLE

John Constable (11.06.1776 – 31.03.1837) was an English Romantic painter, known

principally for his landscape paintings of Dedham Vale, the area surrounding his home—

now known as "Constable Country".

His most famous paintings include “Dedham Vale” and “The Hay Wain” which won gold

medal. Although his paintings are now among the most popular and valuable in British

art, he was never financially successful and did not become a member of the

establishment until he was elected to the Royal Academy at the age of 52. He sold more

paintings in France than in his native England. Constable painted many full-scale

preliminary sketches of his landscapes in order to test the composition in advance of

finished pictures. These large sketches, with their free and vigorous brushwork, were

revolutionary at the time, and they continue to interest artists, scholars and the general

public. The oil sketches of “The Leaping Horse “and “The Hay Wain”, for example, convey

a vigour and expressiveness missing from Constable's finished paintings of the same

subjects. Possibly more than any other aspect of Constable's work, the oil sketches reveal

him in retrospect to have been an avant-garde painter, one who demonstrated that

landscape painting could be taken in a totally new direction.

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JOHN CONSTABLE

The Hay Wain Dedham Vale

Salisbury Cathedral

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THOMAS GAINSBOROUGH

Thomas Gainsborough (14.05.1727 – 02.08.1788) was an English portrait and landscape

painter. In 1769, he became a founding member of the Royal Academy, but his relationship

with the organization was thorny and he sometimes withdrew his work from exhibition.

Gainsborough moved to London in 1774, and painted portraits of the King and Queen, but

the King was obliged to name as royal painter Gainsborough's rival Joshua Reynolds. In his

last years, Gainsborough painted relatively simple landscapes and is credited as the

originator of the 18th century British landscape school. Gainsborough died of cancer. He

painted quickly and his later pictures are characterized by a light palette and easy strokes.

He preferred landscapes to portraits. He painted all parts of his pictures himself, an

unusual practice for his day. He left a large collection of landscape drawings.

Gainsborough was, with Reynolds, the leading portrait painter in England in the later 18th

century. The feathery brushwork of his mature work and rich sense of colour contribute to

the enduring popularity of his portraits. Unlike Reynolds, he avoids references to Italian

Renaissance art or the antique, and shows his sitters in fashionable contemporary dress.

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THOMAS GAINSBOROUGH

The Blue Boy

River

Landscape

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PABLO PICASSO

Pablo Picasso (20.10.1881 – 08.04.1973) was a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist, and

stage designer who spent most of his adult life in France. One of the greatest and most influential

artists of the 20th century, he is widely known for co-founding the Cubist movement, the invention of

constructed sculpture, the co-invention of collage, and for the wide variety of styles that he helped

develop and explore. Picasso, Henri Matisse and Marcel Duchamp are commonly regarded as the three

artists who most defined the revolutionary developments in the plastic arts in the opening decades of

the 20th century, responsible for significant developments in painting, sculpture, printmaking and

ceramics. Picasso demonstrated extraordinary artistic talent in his early years, painting in a realistic

manner through his childhood and adolescence. During the first decade of the 20th century, his style

changed as he experimented with different theories, techniques, and ideas. His revolutionary artistic

accomplishments brought him universal renown and immense fortune, making him one of the best-

known figures in 20th-century art. Analytic cubism is a style of painting Picasso developed along with

Georges Braque using monochrome brownish and neutral colors. Both artists took apart objects and

"analyzed" them in terms of their shapes. Picasso and Braque’s paintings at this time have many

similarities. Synthetic cubism was a further development of the genre, in which cut paper fragments—

often wallpaper or portions of newspaper pages—were pasted into compositions, marking the first use

of collage in fine art.

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PABLO PICASSO

Three musicians Dora Maar au

Chat

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HENRI PAUL GAUGUIN

Henri Paul Gauguin (07.07.1848 – 08.05.1903) was a leading French Post-

Impressionist artist who was not well appreciated until after his death.

Gauguin was later recognized for his experimental use of colours and

synthetic style that were distinguishably different from Impressionism. His

work was influential to the French avant-garde and many modern artists,

such as Pablo Picasso, and Henri Matisse. Gauguin’s art became popular

after his death and many of his paintings were in the possession of Russian

collector Sergei Shyshkin. He was an important figure in the Symbolist

movement as a painter, sculptor, print-maker, ceramist, and writer. His bold

experimentation with coloring led directly to the Synthetist style of modern

art, while his expression of the inherent meaning of the subjects in his

paintings, under the influence of the cloisonnist style, paved the way to

Primitivism and the return to the pastoral. He was also an influential

proponent of wood engraving and woodcuts as art forms.

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HENRI PAUL GAUGUIN

The Seed of the Areoi Still-Life with Fruit

and Lemons

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EDGAR DEGAS

Edgar Degas (19.07.1834 – 27.09.1917), was a French artist famous

for his work in painting, sculpture, printmaking and drawing. He is

regarded as one of the founders of Impressionism although he

rejected the term, and preferred to be called a realist. A superb

draftsman, he is especially identified with the subject of the dance,

and over half of his works depict dancers. These display his mastery

in the depiction of movement, as do his racecourse subjects and

female nudes. His portraits are notable for their psychological

complexity and depiction of human isolation. Early in his career, he

wanted to be a history painter, a calling for which he was well

prepared by his rigorous academic training and close study of classic

art. In his early thirties, he changed course, and by bringing the

traditional methods of a history painter to bear on contemporary

subject matter, he became a classical painter of modern life.

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EDGAR DEGAS

The Dance Class Ballet

Rehearsal

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JOSEPH TURNER

Joseph Turner (1775-1851) is an English landscape painter. Turner was

the foremost English romantic painter and the most original of English

landscape artists. In 1791 for the first time he exhibited two watercolors

at the Royal Academy. In the following 10 years he exhibited regularly,

was made professor of perspective. He also travelled constantly in

England or abroad, making innumerable direct sketches from which he

drew material for his studio paintings in oil and watercolor. Turner

showed a remarkably ability to distill the best from the tradition of

landscape painting. His painting became increasingly abstract as he

strove to portray light, space, and the elemental forces of nature. His

will left more than 19,000 watercolors, drawings, and oils to the nation.

Many of Turner’s oils have deteriorated badly. In watercolor he is

unsurpassed.

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JOSEPH TURNER

The Fighting Téméraire tugged to her last Berth to be broken

Ivy Bridge

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SIR JOSHUA REYNOLDS

Sir Joshua Reynolds (16.07.1723 – 23.02.1792) was an

influential 18th-century English painter, specializing in

portraits and promoting the "Grand Style" in painting which

depended on idealization of the imperfect. He was one of the

founders and first President of the Royal Academy. King

George III appreciated his merits and knighted him in 1769. At

59, Reynolds had a paralytic stroke but recovered sufficiently

to continue his work for several years. Before he lost his sight,

his style became warmer and less formal, having been

influenced by Rubens. Reynolds painted more than 2000

portraits and historical paintings, depicting almost every

notable person of his time. He often used experimental

painting methods, which resulted in works now poorly

preserved.

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SIR JOSHUA REYNOLDS

Mrs Siddons Colonel George K. H. Coussmaker

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PIERRE AUGUSTE RENOIR

Pierre Auguste Renoir (1841-1919) is a French impressionist painter

and sculptor. In 1862 he formed lasting friendship with Monet, Sisley.

His early work reflected myriad influences including those of Coubert,

Manet and Delacroix. He began to earn his living with portraiture, and

an important work at this period was “Madame Charpentier and her

children”. Simultaneously he developed the ability to paint joyous,

shimmering colour and flickering light in outdoor scenes such as “The

Swing” and the festive “Moulin de la Galette”. After a brief period, often

termed “harsh” or “tight”, in which his forms were closely defined in

outline, his style of the 1890s changed, diffusing both light and outline,

and with dazzling colours describing voluptuous nudes, radiant

children, and lush summer landscapes. Despite illness and personal

tragedy he began to produce major works of sculpture “Victorious

Venus” and paintings “Dance at Bougival”, “Bather”, “Lady Sewing”.

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PIERRE AUGUSTE RENOIR

Mme. Charpentier and her children

The Large Bathers

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