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THE ROAD TO COLLEGE: ACHIEVING STUDENT EMPLOYMENT 1

The Road After College: Ah!e"!#g St$de#t E%&lo'%e#t O&&ort$#!t!e( )a(ed O# Degree

A*arded

Patr!+ ,- .allo#

 Northea(ter# U#!"er(!t'

EDU /00: .a$lt'2 C$rr!$l$%2 a#d Aade%! Co%%$#!t'

L'#da )elt3

Dee%4er 152 016

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THE ROAD TO COLLEGE: ACHIEVING STUDENT EMPLOYMENT 0

A4(trat

There !( a# o4(tale that e"er' $#dergrad$ate (t$de#t e#o$#ter( o#e the!r degree !( ah!e"ed

after grad$at!o#2 *h!h !( e%&lo'%e#t after ollege- A( e%&lo'er( are (ee+!#g %ore 7o4 (ee+er(

hold!#g degree(2 there !( a# !#rea(!#g a%o$#t of ollege grad$ate( that are e#ter!#g the

*or+fore- The o#e 8$al!f!at!o# that e"er' e%&lo'er (ee+( fro% e"er' a&&l!a#t !( fo$#dat!o#al

(+!ll( 9S!gel%a# ;!#(hte'#2 016<- A( %ore (t$de#t( ta+e o$r(e( o# the h!gher ed$at!o#

le"el2 there !( a# !#ade8$ate ('(te% of !#(tr$t!o# that !( #ot 4e#ef!t!#g the (t$de#t a( the' o4ta!#

the (+!ll( the' #eed earl!er !# the!r aade%! areer- =!th th!(2 !t ($gge(t( that a ollege degree

doe( #ot hold (!g#!f!a#t "al$e for %a#' e%&lo'er( a#d that ollege( a#d $#!"er(!t!e( #eed to

reo#(!der a d!ffere#t a&&roah to ed$ate the!r (t$de#t( for the f$t$re- .ro% th!( *or+ &re(e#ted2

!t !( *!th great ho&e( that a (t$de#t !( *ell &re&ared for the o4(tale( that %a' 4e &re(e#ted !# the

lo#g ter% a#d the (hort ter%-

 Keyword(s): degree2 fo$#dat!o#al (+!ll(2 7o4 (ee+er(2 ('(te% of !#(tr$t!o#2 "al$a4le#e((

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THE ROAD TO COLLEGE: ACHIEVING STUDENT EMPLOYMENT >

The Road After College: Ah!e"!#g St$de#t E%&lo'%e#t O&&ort$#!t!e( )a(ed O# Degree

A*arded

A( %ore ollege grad$ate( e#ter the *or+fore2 e%&lo'er( are !#rea(!#gl' rer$!t!#g 7o4

a&&l!a#t( that hold a ollege degree- It !( therefore of great !%&orta#e that 7o4 a&&l!a#t( atte#d

a# !#(t!t$t!o# of h!gher ed$at!o# a#d ga!# +#o*ledge a4o$t the &art!$lar f!eld that the' are

!#tere(ted !#- I a# (a' fro% %' o*# &er(o#al e?&er!e#e a( a ree#t grad$ate *!th a )ahelor of

Art( degree !# So!al S!e#e( a#d a do$4le %!#or !# A%er!a# a#d E$ro&ea# H!(tor'2 there !(

%$h +#o*ledge I ha"e o4ta!#ed !# %' o$r(e(- Altho$gh at t!%e(2 !t d!d (ee% that a4o$t /@ of 

the +#o*ledge I *a( ree!"!#g !# the la((roo% *a( #ot go!#g to 4e#ef!t %e !# %' (earh for a

 7o4- Th!( !( $rre#tl' a real!3at!o# a( I o4ta!# a degree !# H!gher Ed$at!o# Ad%!#!(trat!o#- I# a#

a#al'(!( of 0-> %!ll!o# &o(!t!o#( that ra#ge fro% 4$(!#e(( %a#age%e#t a#d ad%!#!(trat!"e

*or+er( to tra!#!#g a#d o%&$ter #et*or+ (&e!al!(t(2 t*oth!rd( of the #e* 7o4 &o(t!#g( re8$!red

a 4ahelorB( degree e"e# tho$gh fe*er tha# half of *or+er( $rre#tl' e%&lo'ed !# tho(e

 &o(!t!o#( atta!#ed a 4ahelorB( 9;!#(hte'#2 016<- The o#e area that all e%&lo'er( are (ee+!#g

fro% all of the!r a&&l!a#t( !( fo$#dat!o#al (+!ll( 9S!gel%a# ;!#(hte'#2 016<2 *h!h are

a((o!ated *!th a l!4eral art( ed$at!o# 9e-g-2 a4!l!t' to ae&t feed4a+2 *or+ olla4orat!"el'2

%a#age o#eB( t!%e< 9;!#(hte'#2 016<- The(e are #ee((ar' (+!ll( that a# 4e o4ta!#ed !# a#'

!#(t!t$t!o# of h!gher ed$at!o#2 4$t !tB( ho* !tB( del!"ered to the (t$de#t that %a+e( a (!g#!f!a#t

d!ffere#e- S+!ll( ($h a( the(e a# 4e #ot o#l' 4e o4ta!#ed *!th!# the la((roo%2 4$t fro% the!r

!#"ol"e%e#t !# e?tra$rr!$lar at!"!t!e(2 7o4( the' %!ght ha"e o# a%&$(2 a#d the!r t!%e

!#terat!#g o# a &er(o#al le"el *!th &rofe((or( a#d other $#!"er(!t' e%&lo'ee( o# a%&$(- =h!le

all th!( %a' (ee% a( a &o(!t!"e o$tloo+ !#to the ollege e?&er!e#e2 !t !( !# the!r o$r(e(2 *h!h

 &are#t(2 a( *ell a( the (t$de#t(2 &a' o$t of &o+et to ree!"e "al$a4le !#(tr$t!o# fro% the!r

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THE ROAD TO COLLEGE: ACHIEVING STUDENT EMPLOYMENT

 &rofe((or(- I# order for &ro(&et!"e ollege (t$de#t( to 4e ($e((f$l !# o4ta!#!#g e%&lo'%e#t

o#e the' grad$ate fro% a# !#(t!t$t!o# of h!gher lear#!#g2 !#(t!t$t!o#( #eed to rede"elo& the!r

a&&roah to $rr!$l$% (ta#dard(2 e#o$rage %ore fa$lt' !#terat!o# *!th (t$de#t(2 a#d

ree?a%!#e the "al$e of a ollege degree- To g!"e a &ro(&et!"e of *hat ha&&e#( after a (t$de#t

ree!"e( the!r d!&lo%a2 aord!#g to 01 (tat!(t!(2 the e%&lo'%e#t rate for 'o$#g ad$lt( age(

0 to 0 *!th a 4ahelorB( degree or h!gher *a( h!gher tha# the rate for 'o$#g ad$lt( *!th (o%e

ollege 988.1 "(- 75.0 &ere#t< 9Nat!o#al Ce#ter for Ed$at!o#al Stat!(t!(2 01<- =!th th!( to

o#(!der2 ollege( a#d $#!"er(!t!e( aro(( the o$#tr' (ho$ld reo#(!der the!r a&&roah !#

 &re&ar!#g (t$de#t( for f$t$re areer(2 a#d *hether or #ot the!r degree( are "al$a4le to e%&lo'er(-

9See Appendix A for more information on unemployment rates from 2000 through 2014<-

ReDe"elo&!#g C$rr!$l$% Sta#dard( Ge#eral Ed$at!o# Re8$!re%e#t(

I# the ('(te% of h!gher ed$at!o#2 there are %a#' d!ffere#t a&&roahe( to teah!#g !# the

la((roo%- So%e of the(e a&&roahe( !#l$de g!"!#g "er4al !#(tr$t!o# *!th a "!($al a!d2 $($all'

!# the for% of a Po*erPo!#t Pre(e#tat!o#2 (tr!tl' let$r!#g *!tho$t a#' "!($al a!d2 l!ttle

!#(tr$t!o# re8$!r!#g the (t$de#t to do %ore !#de&e#de#t *or+2 a#d o#l!#e !#(tr$t!o# thro$gh the

ad"a#e( of %oder# teh#olog'- Aord!#g to )o'er2 E?elle#e !# teah!#g !( the %ea#( 4'

*h!h the "!tal!t' of the ollege !( e?te#ded a#d a #et*or+ of !#tellet$al e#r!h%e#t a#d $lt$ral

$#der(ta#d!#g !( 4$!lt 9)o'er2 /<- The 8$e(t!o# that (ho$ld 4e addre((ed !( ho* to e#r!h o$r

(t$de#t( e"e# f$rther a#d ga!# a greater $#der(ta#d!#g of o$r (t$de#t( !# the *orld the' l!"e !# at

the $rre#t t!%eF Profe((or( do #eed to ha"e a 4etter2 $rre#t $#der(ta#d!#g of the *orld aro$#d

the%- Th!( *o$ld #ot o#l' 4e#ef!t the &rofe((or fro% do!#g the!r 7o4 effet!"el'2 4$t *o$ld g!"e

 4etter &re&arat!o# for (t$de#t( o# *hat %a' 4e ahead of the%- I *o$ld al*a'( ad"!(e to (t$de#t(

to ga!# "al$a4le *or+ e?&er!e#e fro% the "er' 4eg!##!#g of the!r aade%! e?&er!e#e2 #ot at

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THE ROAD TO COLLEGE: ACHIEVING STUDENT EMPLOYMENT 6

the "er' e#d- =!th the o%4!#at!o# of *or+ e?&er!e#e a( *ell a( fa$lt' !#(tr$t!o#2 th!( #ot

o#l' 4$!ld( $&o# fo$#dat!o#al (+!ll( that *ere %e#t!o#ed 4' S!#gel%a# a#d ;!#(hte'a#2 4$t al(o

g!"e( a 4etter $#der(ta#d!#g of *hat areer the!r !#tere(t( are- Co%!#g !#to %' $#dergrad$ate

'ear2 I had a d!ffere#t &er(&et!"e !# %!#d of *hat I *a#ted to go !#to- =a#t!#g to &$r($e a

)ahelor of Art( degree !# M$(! Ed$at!o# !# Seo#dar' Ed$at!o#2 %' &r!or!t!e( *ere (et a#d

%' goal of 4eo%!#g a %$(! teaher (ee%ed al%o(t !# %' gra(&- =he# I d!d #ot &a(( the e#tr'

a$d!t!o# !#to the &rogra%2 I *a( de"a(tated that %' f$t$re areer &la# *a( #ot a real!t'- After

(elet!#g a (eo#d areer &ath !# So!al S!e#e(2 I had de"!(ed a 4a+$& &la#2 4$t $#l!+e %'

 &re"!o$( &la#2 th!( *a( o#e that *o$ld ta+e t!%e to del!4erate2 o4(er"e2 a#d re(earh2 a( I *o$ld

go thro$gh %' 'ear( a( a# $#dergrad$ate-

O#e of the +e' !(($e( *!th %a#' !#(t!t$t!o#( of h!gher ed$at!o# !( o%&let!#g the ge#eral

ed$at!o# re8$!re%e#t( for o#e to t*o 'ear( &r!or to gett!#g !#trod$ed to the re8$!red o$r(e(

for (eleted %a7or(- The(e o$r(e( a# 4e ted!o$( at t!%e( for the (t$de#t to ta+e2 re8$!re( the

(t$de#t a#dor the!r &are#t( to &a' %ore o$t of the!r &o+et2 a#d o$ld &ote#t!all' dela' the

(t$de#tB( grad$at!o# date to a# e?tra 'ear- Sa#d' Sh$gart2 &re(!de#t of Vale#!a College a#d o#e

o&&o(ed to the %odel for h!gher ed$at!o# !#(tr$t!o#2 la!%( !t a(+( (t$de#t( to defer the!rJ

grat!f!at!o# lo#g e#o$gh a#d (ta' !# (hool lo#g e#o$ghB 4efore the' e?&lore the th!#g that

!#tere(ted the% !# the f!r(t &lae 9Sh$gart ;!#(hte'#2 016<- I# other *ord(2 atte#d the ollege

of 'o$r ho!e2 4$t do#Bt o"er(ta' 'o$r *elo%e- Ho*e"er2 there !( o#e !%&orta#t 8$e(t!o# that

(ho$ld 4e a(+ed to e"er' ollege ad%!#!(trator2 ollege (t$de#t2 a#d e"e# ollege grad$ate(2 a#d

that !( ho* %$h (+!ll( (t$de#t( *!ll ha"e o4ta!#ed *h!le ta+!#g re8$!red ge#eral ed$at!o#

o$r(e(F Aord!#g to To#'a Tro+a2 Ge#eral Ed$at!o# D!retor at Colorado Teh#!al

U#!"er(!t'2 4a(ed o# ge#eral ed$at!o# o$r(e( a#d fro% the U#dergrad$ate U#!"er(!t' Lear#!#g

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THE ROAD TO COLLEGE: ACHIEVING STUDENT EMPLOYMENT /

O$to%e( at that &art!$lar $#!"er(!t'2 (t$de#t( are a4le to o4ta!# #ee((ar' (+!ll(2 ($h a(

effet!"e oral a#d *r!tte# o%%$#!at!o#2 8$a#t!tat!"e l!tera'2 r!t!al th!#+!#g a#d &ro4le%

(ol"!#g2 (!e#t!f! a#d teh#olog!al l!tera'2 the a4!l!t' to reog#!3e a#d a+#o*ledge d!"er(e

 &er(&et!"e(2 the a4!l!t' to olla4orate a#d o%%$#!ate *!th other(2 eth!al de!(!o#%a+!#g2

a#d !#for%at!o# l!tera' 9Tro+a2 01<- The(e (oft (+!ll( 9Tro+a2 01< are *hat %o(t

e%&lo'er( are loo+!#g for fro% all (t$de#t(2 4$t do all re8$!red ge#eral ed$at!o# o$r(e(

e%&ha(!3e the(e (+!ll( !#(!de a#d o$t(!de of the la((roo%F De&e#d!#g o# *h!h $#!"er(!t' a

(t$de#t atte#d(2 the' are e((e#t!al tool( #eeded thro$gho$t the!r l!fe a( *ell a( *!th!# the!r ore

la((e( *!th!# the!r degree-

.a$lt' E#gage%e#t

The o#e th!#g that !( ofte# forgotte# a%o#g ollege (t$de#t( !( that the!r &rofe((or( are

al*a'( *!ll!#g to hel&2 de&e#d!#g o# the!r a"a!la4!l!t'- St$de#t( *ho (ee+ hel& fro% the!r

 &rofe((or( are #ot o#l' (elfrel!a#t2 4$t the' $#der(ta#d the !%&orta#e of *hat !t %ea#( to a(+

for the!r g$!da#e2 e(&e!all' *he# a&&l'!#g for a 7o4 !# the #ear f$t$re *!th a degree- Ta+!#g %'

o$r(e( a( a# $#dergrad$ate2 I *a( al*a'( rel$ta#t to a(+ 8$e(t!o#( a#d (ee+ g$!da#e fro% %'

 &rofe((or( d$r!#g the!r off!e ho$r(- =!tho$t +#o*!#g !t too %$h d$r!#g that t!%e2 #ot o#l' *a(

I h$rt!#g %'(elf2 I *a( #ot ta+!#g ad"a#tage of the hel& I o$ld ha"e ree!"ed !# order to %a+e

%' ollege e?&er!e#e a (%ooth &roe((- Atte#d!#g a (tate $#!"er(!t'2 I *a( fort$#ate e#o$gh to

ha"e had %a#' o$tgo!#g2 &roat!"e &rofe((or( thro$gho$t %' t!%e atte#d!#g- Ho*e"er2 th!( !(

#ot (o for %a#' other ollege( a#d $#!"er(!t!e( aro(( the o$#tr'- There are %a#' fa$lt'

%e%4er( *ho are #ot 4e!#g $t!l!3ed for the &$r&o(e( that the' (ho$ld2 *h!h !( to g$!de the!r

(t$de#t( to ($eed !# the f$t$re- Toda'2 al%o(t all ollege( a#d $#!"er(!t!e( (a' fa$lt' (ho$ld

e#gage !# teah!#g2 re(earh2 and  (er"!e2 4$t *he# !t o%e( to te#$re a#d &ro%ot!o#2 the latter

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THE ROAD TO COLLEGE: ACHIEVING STUDENT EMPLOYMENT K

ofte# !( forgotte# 9)o'er2 >/<- Ser"!#g the #eed( of the (t$de#t( (ho$ld 4e o#(!dered a %a#tra

for ollege fa$lt' %e%4er( aro(( the 4oard a#d (treth the!r +#o*ledge 4e'o#d the!r l!%!t(-

E?te#d!#g %ore t!%e for off!e ho$r(2 ho(t!#g a fa$lt'(t$de#t (t$d' gro$&2 a#d atte#d!#g a

f$#t!o# o$t(!de of the la((roo% that a&&l!e( *hat the' are lear#!#g !# realt!%e2 are 7$(t (%all

(te&( to e#gag!#g (t$de#t( !# *hat the' are lear#!#g- Aord!#g to )$ff' S%!th2 fa$lt'

%e#tor!#g o#($lta#t at the U#!"er(!t' of St- Tho%a(2 fa$lt' (ho$ld e%&o*er 9(t$de#t(< 4'

(ho*!#g the% ho* to do th!#g( for the%(el"e( 9S%!th A4d$lAl!%2 01<- Th!( !( +#o*# a(

d!(o"er!#g the h!dde# $rr!$l$% 9S%!th2 01<2 *h!h !( the $#*r!tte# #or%(2 "al$e(2

e?&etat!o#(2 4eha"!or(2 ode( of o#d$t that are #ot tra#(&are#t or ae((!4le to all (t$de#t(

9S%!th2 01<- A( a# $#dergrad$ate2 I too+ a# A%er!a# H!(tor' la(( that reall' too+ lear#!#g

o$t(!de of the la((roo% to the #e?t le"el- It *a( a la(( o# Ne* Yor+ C!t' !# relat!o# to !t(

$lt$re a#d h!(tor'- The la(( %et o# (eleted *ee+(2 o#e t*o a#d a half ho$r (e((!o#(- I#(tead of 

lear#!#g le((o#( !# the la((roo%2 !#or&orat!#g o$r *ee+l' read!#g(2 the la(( too+ f!eld tr!&( o#

the *ee+e#d to the !t' (ee!#g *hat *e ha"e read a#d lear#ed- To th!( da'2 I re%e%4er that la((

 4ea$(e of the teaherB( o%%!t%e#t2 e#th$(!a(%2 a#d &a((!o# to e#gage $( !# the ($47et 4e!#g

ta$ght- It *a( #ot o#l' e%&o*er!#g2 !t *a( !#(&!rat!o#al-

Ma#' fa$lt' %e%4er( al(o (er"e a( ad"!(or( to the!r (t$de#t( a#(*er!#g 8$e(t!o#( the'

%!ght ha"e o# the!r degree tra+2 or a#'th!#g regard!#g the aade%! de&art%e#t- A( a (er"!e to

the (t$de#t 4od'2 (t$de#t( a# %eet o# a &er(o#al le"el a#d e?&la!# fro% the!r e?&er!e#e( *hat

the (t$de#t( (ho$ld e?&et- .a$lt' ad"!(or( a# %a+e a d!ffere#e !# ho* a (t$de#t a# ($eed

 4e'o#d the la((roo% !# &ro"!d!#g o&&ort$#!t!e( to the!r (t$de#t(- So%e of the(e !#l$de

!#ter#(h!& o&&ort$#!t!e( a#d (tro#ger letter( of reo%%e#dat!o# 9S%!th2 01<- E"er' (t$de#t2

e(&e!all' a f!r(t ge#erat!o# ollege (t$de#t2 #eed( a role %odel to g$!de h!% or her !# the r!ght

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THE ROAD TO COLLEGE: ACHIEVING STUDENT EMPLOYMENT

d!ret!o#- Ha"!#g o#l' %et *!th %' ad"!(or t*o to three t!%e( a (e%e(ter2 I (t!ll *!(h I 4e#ef!ted

fro% the!r g$!da#e *he# !t a%e to (elet!#g grad$ate (hool(2 *a'( to !%&ro"e *!th!# a la((2

a#d ho* to o4ta!# a 7o4 after ollege- Ha"!#g the(e tool( at the!r d!(&o(al2 fa$lt' ad"!(or( (ho$ld

 4e ad%!red a%o#g the (t$de#t &o&$lat!o# a#d a# (tre#gthe# the 4o#d 4et*ee# the%-

Doe( The College Degree Ha"e A#' Val$eF

Me#t!o#ed &re"!o$(l'2 e%&lo'er( are !#rea(!#gl' loo+!#g for %ore 7o4 a&&l!a#t( *!th a

degree fro% a# !#(t!t$t!o# of h!gher ed$at!o#2 *hether a# a((o!ate( or a 4ahelorB( degree-

Aord!#g to ;!#(hte'#2 a f!fth of 7o4( de%a#d a ert!f!at!o# !# add!t!o# to a 4ahelorB( degree

#o %atter the o#e#trat!o#2 )$r#!#g Gla(( re(earh (ho*(7$(t 0 *ere *hat %ore tha# 0

%!ll!o# 7o4 &o(t!#g( re8$e(ted !# the &a(t 10 %o#th( 9)$r#!#g Gla(( ;!#(hte'#2 016<- I#

add!t!o# to that data2 Georgeto*# U#!"er(!t' &red!t( /6 &ere#t of 7o4( 4' 00 *!ll re8$!re a

 &o(t(eo#dar' ed$at!o# 9;!#(hte'#2 016<- =here doe( that &$t the "al$e of the degree the

(t$de#t ha( ear#edF I( !t *orth the t!%e a#d effort to o#t!#$e 'o$r aade%! l!fe a#other fo$r or

%ore 'ear(F The degree that !( 4e!#g offered to the (t$de#t !( 4e!#g fal(el' ad"ert!(ed a( a %ea#(

of gett!#g a good 7o4- At t!%e(2 o#e a (t$de#t ear#( the!r degree2 (o%e (t$de#t( %!ght #ot &$r($e

the areer the' had ho&ed for !# the 4eg!##!#g- Aord!#g to the A((o!at!o# of A%er!a#

College( a#d U#!"er(!t!e(2 a# o#l!#e ($r"e' *a( o#d$ted *!th /1> (t$de#t( fo$#d that2 /6@

of (t$de#t( *ere o#f!da#t the'Bd get a 7o4 that f!t( the!r !#tere(t( after grad$at!o# 9M$lhere2

016<- De(&!te th!(2 7$(t 14% of e%&lo'er( th!#+ that %o(t of toda'B( ollege (t$de#t( are

 &re&ared *!th the (+!ll( a#d +#o*ledge #eeded to o%&lete a (!g#!f!a#t a&&l!ed lear#!#g &ro7et

 4efore grad$at!o# 9Hart Re(earh A((o!ate(2 &g- /<- I( the (t$de#t at fa$lt for th!( to o$r !#

o$r *or+!#g (o!et'F =ho !( to 4la%e for th!(F .!r(t2 a#d fore%o(t2 !tB( #ot the fa$lt of the

teah!#g fa$lt'2 4$t %ore (o2 the ('(te% that ha( 4ee# e(ta4l!(hed o"ert!%e a( ollege( ha"e

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THE ROAD TO COLLEGE: ACHIEVING STUDENT EMPLOYMENT 5

 &rogre((!"el' 4eo%e !%&orta#t !# a h!ldB( aade%! l!fe- U#fort$#atel'2 there are a(e( *here

*e f!#d %a#' (t$de#t( la#d!#g o$&at!o#( that are #ot *hat the' (t$d!ed !# ollege- =or+!#g a(

a lo#g ter% ($4(t!t$te teaher !# %' loal &$4l! (hool d!(tr!t2 I f!#d that %' 7o4 $(e( %a#' of

the e((e#t!al (+!ll( I *a( ta$ght d$r!#g %' $#dergrad$ate 'ear(2 4$t !# the lo#gr$#2 the %a7or!t'

of %ater!al that IB"e lear#ed a( a# $#dergrad$ate doe( a&&l' to %' 7o4 $rre#tl'-

A#other e((e#t!al 8$e(t!o# to th!#+ a4o$t !( the %ater!al "al$e of the degree- Are a#' of the

(+!ll( (t$de#t( lear#!#g !# ollege tra#(fera4le to a#' 7o4 o# the %ar+etF So%e *or+fore

e?&ert( (a' that l!4eral art( ed$at!o# !# !t( $rre#t for% !( !#($ff!!e#t for %a#' of the 7o4( o$t

there2 *!th the $#e%&lo'%e#t rate for ($h grad$ate( t*!e a( h!gh a( tho(e *!th degree( !# %ath

or e#g!#eer!#g 9;!#(hte'#2 016<- ThatB( a r$!al o#er# e(&e!all' *he# the %a7or!t' of

(t$de#t( that grad$ate fro% a ollege or $#!"er(!t' hold a )ahelor of Art( degree- College( a#d

$#!"er(!t!e( are #ot 4e!#g o#(!(te#t !# g!"!#g the r!ght a%o$#t of tra!#!#g (+!ll( #eeded to

($eed !# the real *orld- E"er' ollege (ho$ld g!"e the (a%e tra!#!#g (+!ll( that *o$ld 4e#ef!t

the% !# the *or+fore2 ($h a( tho(e that are teh#olog!all' 4a(ed- I#or&orat!#g %ethod(2 ($h

a( real *orld a&&l!at!o#( !#to *ee+l' $rr!$l$% *o$ld o&e# a #e* &er(&et!"e o# the!r f$t$re

areer- Aord!#g to data retr!e"ed fro% )$r#!#g Gla((2 teh#!al (+!ll( o$t*e!gh 4a(el!#e (+!ll(

!# "ar!o$( o$&at!o#(- Ha"!#g that e((e#t!al +#o*ledge of (oft (+!ll( *!th a o%4!#at!o# of

!#rea(ed *or+ e?&er!e#e thro$gh a &a!d2 or $#&a!d !#ter#(h!&a&&re#t!e(h!& a# 4r!#g the

"al$e of the degree to a r!(e a#d 4r!#g 4a+ %ea#!#g to *h' a (t$de#t ree!"e( a# ed$at!o#-

De"elo&!#g a good *or+ eth! earl' !# a (t$de#tB( l!fe o$ld %a+e the% feel o##eted to the

o$t(!de *orld2 &art!!&ate !# (o%eth!#g ha#d(o#2 a#d de"elo& lo#gter% a#d (hortter% goal(

that o$ld 4e $(ed to !%&ro"e the%(el"e(- I# add!t!o#2 !t 4$!ld( rea(o#!#g a( to *h' &eo&le

*!th!# the!r ho(e# areer &ath do *hat the' do-

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THE ROAD TO COLLEGE: ACHIEVING STUDENT EMPLOYMENT 1

.!(al Matter( a#d The R!(!#g De4t Ce!l!#g

More (t$de#t( !# th!( %oder# eo#o%' are &a'!#g h!gh t$!t!o# a#d ta+!#g o$t %a((!"e

a%o$#t( of loa#( to &a' for a good 8$al!t' ed$at!o#- =!th the (t$de#t loa# de4!t #o* !# the

tr!ll!o#( of dollar(2 ollege( a#d $#!"er(!t!e( #eed to f!#d a $#!"er(al (ol$t!o# for ho* $rr!$l$%

a# ($ff!e the "al$e of the degree ear#ed 4' the (t$de#t- The (ad a#d $#fort$#ate th!#g a4o$t !t

!( that a %a7or!t' of (t$de#t( are ta+!#g o$t (t$de#t loa#( to &a' for ollege- E"e# &a'!#g for %'

(t$de#t loa#( ha( 4ee# a lo#gt!%e o%%!t%e#t a#d o#t!#$e( to 4e- =!th ollege( o#t!#$!#g to

!#rea(e the!r t$!t!o#2 there !( a good ha#e that ollege( a#d $#!"er(!t!e( *!ll go !# a f!#a#!al

r!(!(- A( a# $#dergrad$ate a#d (e#ator !# %' St$de#t Go"er#%e#t A((o!at!o#2 the tal+ of

t$!t!o# !#rea(e( *a( a o#(ta#t threat2 e(&e!all' *he# !t *a( !#rea(!#g eah 'ear 4' 02- At

%' for%er !#(t!t$t!o#2 there *a( a f!#a#!al r!(!( that affeted all (tate $#!"er(!t!e(2 !#l$d!#g

%!#e- A( a re($lt of th!(2 the $#!"er(!t' had to %a+e (&e!f! $t( to the 4$dget that #ot o#l'

affeted the a%&$( o%%$#!t'2 4$t to the a%&$( $lt$re a( *ell- Derea(!#g e#roll%e#t2 la+

of ($&&ort (er"!e(2 a#d #ot e#o$gh to do o# a%&$( *ere the %a!# fator( that a$(ed the dro&

!# f!#a#e(-

=!th r!(!#g t$!t!o# rate(2 the r!(!#g (t$de#t loa# de4t e!l!#g r!(!#g e"er h!gher2 there !( #o

ha#e for a (t$de#t to reall' %a+e a f!#al!3ed de!(!o# o# *hat the!r areer ho!e %!ght 4e- A(

I o4(er"ed !# %' ollege e?&er!e#e2 %a#' (t$de#t( *o$ld ha#ge %a7or( #ot 7$(t 4ea$(e the'

*ere d!(!#tere(ted !# *hat the aade%! de&art%e#t re8$!red2 4$t %ore (o a ha#ge of !#tere(t-

Th!( o$ld 4e 4a(ed o# t*o fator(: the f!r(t 4e!#g the (t$de#t *a#t!#g a ($dde# ha#ge !# the!r

areer &ath2 a#d the (eo#d 4e!#g ho* the la((e( *ere 4e!#g !#(tr$ted 4' the!r &rofe((or(

*!th!# the de&art%e#t- The (a%e *o$ld go for the a%&$( $lt$re: *hether or #ot the (t$de#t

*a( ree!"!#g the r!ght (er"!e( 9a$?!l!ar'2 o$#(el!#g2 t$tor!#g<2 !f a &art!$lar %a7or *a(

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THE ROAD TO COLLEGE: ACHIEVING STUDENT EMPLOYMENT 11

offered2 or !f a (t$de#t felt l!+e the' had a (e#(e of 4elo#g!#g a%o#g the a%&$( &o&$lat!o#- A(

a%&$( t$!t!o#( o#t!#$e to r!(e2 !t !( %o(t l!+el' ollege( a#d $#!"er(!t!e( *o$ld ha"e to re(ort to

#e* %ar+et!#g teh#!8$e( to (ho* off the!r ollege or $#!"er(!t' !# order to ($r"!"e for the lo#g

ter%-

Co#l$(!o#

)a(ed o# *hat ha( 4ee# %e#t!o#ed2 ollege( a#d $#!"er(!t!e( aro(( the o$#tr' (ho$ld

reo#(!der the!r a&&roah !# &re&ar!#g (t$de#t( for f$t$re areer(2 a#d *hether or #ot the!r

degree( are "al$a4le to e%&lo'er(- At the (a%e t!%e2 the (t$de#t al(o #eed( to 4e &re&ared to do

the!r &art !# %a+!#g ($re the' are &re&ared to ta+e the #e?t 4!g (te&(- Ha"!#g th!( reo#(!derat!o#

 4r!#g( 4e#ef!t( for the (t$de#t( !# the lo#g ter% a#d (at!(f!e( e%&lo'er( that h!re &ro(&et!"e

(t$de#t(- The(e are !(($e( that (t$de#t( #eed to o#(!der *he# th!#+!#g a4o$t l!fe after ollege

a#d &re&ar!#g for that #e?t 4!g (te&- College( a#d $#!"er(!t!e( aro(( the o$#tr' (ee% to ha"e

a#other aade%! re"ol$t!o# !# the!r %!d(t *he# !t o%e( to refor%- =!tho$t (ar!f!!#g the

(t$de#tB( aade%! e?&er!e#e2 the fo$( #eed( to 4e o# 4$!ld!#g (+!ll( that are tra#(fera4le a#d

ha"e ($4(ta#e- The #e?t ge#erat!o# of ollege (t$de#t( a#d (t$de#t e%&lo'%e#t #eed( to ha#ge

for the f$t$re of the A%er!a# eo#o%'-

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THE ROAD TO COLLEGE: ACHIEVING STUDENT EMPLOYMENT 10

Refere#e(

A4d$lAl!%2 ,a%aal 9Se&te%4er 2 01<- Colleges rged to !a"e Ad#ising of nderrepresented 

Students to $eeper %e#el& $i#erse 'ssues in igher du*ation& Retr!e"ed fro%

htt&:d!"er(eed$at!o#-o%art!le//KK0F$t%a%&a!g#QD!"er(e@0Ne*(letter 

@0>$t%%ed!$%Qe%a!l$t%(o$reQElo8$ael8Q0KK0//Ke0>>16K5>K>1f6af 

e5el8Ca%&a!g#IdQ>6-

)o'er2 Er#e(t L- 9155<- S*holarship +e*onsidered: ,riorities of the ,rofessoriate& Ne* Yor+:

The Car#eg!e .o$#dat!o# for the Ad"a#e%e#t of Teah!#g-

Hart Re(earh A((o!ate(- 9,a#$ar' 02 016<- -alling Short. College %earning and Career

Su**ess& =a(h!#gto# D-C-- Retr!e"ed fro% htt&(:***-aa$-orglea&&$4l!o&!#!o#

re(earh016($r"e're($lt(-

M$lhere2 a!tl!#- 9Ma' 12 016<- 201/ College rads ay ot 3e As +eady for the or"pla*e

as !hey !hin" !hey Are& T!%e: M!lle##!al Mo#e'- Retr!e"ed fro%

htt&:t!%e-o%%o#e'>6K1Kollegegrad$ate(areerread'o"ero#f!de#t-

Tro+a2 To#'a- 9,a#$ar' 012 01<- eneral du*ation: $oes it +eally atter. Colorado

Teh#!al U#!"er(!t'- Retr!e"ed fro%

htt&:***-oloradoteh-ed$re(o$re(4log(7a#$ar'01ge#eraled$at!o#-

U-S- De&art%e#t of Ed$at!o# I#(t!t$te of Ed$at!o# S!e#e( Nat!o#al Ce#ter for Ed$at!o#

Stat!(t!(- 9016<- -ast -a*ts: mployment rates of *ollege graduates& Retr!e"ed fro%

htt&(:#e(-ed-go"fa(tfat(d!(&la'-a(&F!dQ6/1- 

;!#(hte'#2 M!+ha!l 9Se&te%4er 0>2 016<- !he ew ffort to %in" College to Careers& du*ation

riters Asso*iation& Retr!e"ed fro% htt&:***-e*a-org4logh!ghered4eat#e*effort

l!#+ollegeareer(-

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THE ROAD TO COLLEGE: ACHIEVING STUDENT EMPLOYMENT 1>

A&&e#d!? A

Unemployment rates, by age group and educational attainment: Selected years,2000 through 2014

Ta+e# fro% the Nat!o#al Ce#ter for Ed$at!o# Stat!(t!(- O4ta!#ed fro% the U-S- De&art%e#t ofEd$at!o#2 Nat!o#al Ce#ter for Ed$at!o# Stat!(t!(- 9016<- !he Condition of du*ation

201/ 9NCES 0161<2 E%&lo'%e#t Rate( a#d U#e%&lo'%e#t Rate( 4' Ed$at!o#alAtta!#%e#