Fallacies of Amphiboly, Equivocation & Composition
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Transcript of Fallacies of Amphiboly, Equivocation & Composition
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FALLACIES OF Amphiboly, Equivocation & Composition
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Fallacy of Amphiboly• An ambiguity which results from ambiguous
grammar• From uncertainty of the grammatical
construction rather than of the meaning of the words
• A sentence whose grammatical structure permits different interpretations
• Relies on grammatical structure to confuse or mislead an audience
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Fallacy of Amphiboly• Examples:
The anthropologists went to a remote area and took photographs of some native women, but they weren't developed.
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Fallacy of Amphiboly
Source: www.blogorganon.blogspot.com
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Fallacy of Amphiboly
Source: www.grammarproject.blogspot.com
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Fallacy of Amphiboly
Source: www.quotesworthrepeating.com
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Fallacy of Equivocation• It is committed when a word/phrase with
at least two different meanings is used in a single argument
• Often confused with amphiboly• It is fallacious because it exploits the
multiple meanings most words have by using secondary meanings to lead to a false conclusion
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Fallacy of Equivocation• Examples:A feather is light.What is light cannot be dark.Therefore, a feather cannot be dark.
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Fallacy of Equivocation
Source: www.fallacydetective.com
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Fallacy of Equivocation
Sources: www.trullyfallacious.com www.distractify.com
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Fallacy of Equivocation
Source: www.reddit.com
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Fallacy of Equivocation
Source: www.reddit.com
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Fallacy of Composition• Fallacy of grammatical analogy• Treats a distributed characteristic as if it were
collected• Taking jointly what should be taken
separately• Form: A is part of B. A has property X.
Therefore, B has property X.
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Fallacy of Composition• Examples:Everything, all of creation, is held together by chemical bonds. Chemical bonds are invisible so everything is invisible, too.Hydrogen is not wet. Oxygen is not wet. Therefore, H2O(l) is not wet.
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Fallacy of Composition2 is a number.2+2 = 4.Therefore any number is equal to 4.
Person 1: Ui! Anong course mo?Person 2: BS Chemistry!Person 3: Wow! Ang tatalino niyo siguro!
Dr. Dela Cruz is a philosophy teacher.Dr. Dela Cruz is cool and awesome.Therefore, all philosophy professors are cool.
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Fallacy of Composition
Sources: www.karinhowe.comwww.niyamaklogic.wordpress.com
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Thank you!