Fall09 Teacher Guide

8/2/2019 Fall09 Teacher Guide

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Campanian red-gure bell krater350325 bce

attriutd to th Cuma A Paintr

Southrn Italy

trra-otta, gloss

83814; L2009.1001.025

On this krater, a nude youth with a spear is

depicted seated on a drapery-covered rock. He

converses with a woman who holds a wreath

andphial, a libation dish used to pour wine

or other liquid oerings to gods.


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Education Program

Anint Mditrranan paintd pottry, a

rmarkal rat rom lassial antiquity,

ontinus to aptivat viwrs thousands

o yars latr. Pottry is mor ommonly

xavatd and prsrvd than any othr arly art

orm. Sns dpitd on Grk and Etrusan

vass rval many o th ultural pratis and

daily livs o ths anint popls. Crami

vssls xplor a wid varity o sujt mattr

inluding myths, gods and dmons, warriors at

attl, animals, soial gathrings, athltis,

and th rols o mn and womn in

soity.

Clay, whih was plntiul in many

parts o Anint Gr and Italy,

srvd as th primary matrial

or most vssls. Although th

aunt ownd som prious mtal

ontainrs, narly vry houshold

possssd a rang o pottry oth

oars and n or storag, ooking,

and dining. Pottry was also usd or

rmonial and rligious purposs.

Imagry on pottry otn illustrats

th way th vssls wr usd. A

varity o ups and win-mixing

owls portray sns o symposia or

mal drinking partis. Vas paintings

also show womn lling watr jars

alld hydriaiat ountain houss and

using alabastra, small ontainrs that

hld plain or sntd oils. Th sam

vass that wr usd domstially wr

otn plad in toms and usd as unral

orings.

A oastal popl, th Anint Grks

prosprd in maritim ommr and

dvlopd a rih and omplx ultur.

Th Grk world vntually xtndd

yond Gr to sttlmnts throughout th

Mditrranan and Blak Sas. Grk arts

ourishd rom 700 to 300 bce. During

this tim, two o th main rami ntrs

in Gr, Corinth and Athns, xportd th

distintiv and highly sought-atr paintd

pottry throughout th Mditrranan rgion.

Th Etrusans inhaitd north-ntral Italy, a

rgion in lassial tims rrrd to as Etruria.

Thy dvlopd a tast or Grk paintd pottry,

whih thy importd rom Corinth around

630 to 540 bce. By th sond

quartr o th sixth ntury, th

Etrusans purhasd an inrasing

numr o vssls rom Athns.

Ths imports inspird Etrusan

pottrs to loally produ lak-

and rd-gur wars.

Th lak-gur thniqu

was dvlopd aout 700 bce

in Corinth. Artisans applid a

lak slip to dpit gurs and

ornamntal motis against th laysnatural, rddish-orang akground.

Th dtails wr ithr inisd or

addd in olors; mal skin was

typially paintd whit.

Scenes rom Myths and Daily Lie: Ancient Mediterranean Potteryrom the Collections o the Phoebe A. Hearst Museum o Anthropology

Attic red-gure lekythos450425 bce

attriutd to th Bowdoin Paintr

Athns, Gr

trra-otta, gloss

87572; L2009.1001.039

Nike is the goddess and personication o

victory, in war and athletic contests. She is

requently portrayed in vase paintings with

wings holding a victory wreath. Here, she is

depicted fying above an altar; in her right

hand she holds a phial, a vessel or

pouring out libations.


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Education Program

Etruscan red-gure mugmid4th ntury bce

Italy

trra-otta, gloss

83813; L2009.1001.024

Th rd-gur thniqu was invntd in Athns

aout 530 bce and gradually am th

prdominant styl. It is th rvrs o lak-

gur: th gurs appard in rddish-orang,

with gural dtails applid in lak lins against a lak

akground.

Grk vass wr rst unovrd in Etrusan toms

in Italy in th 1700s and arly 1800s and wr

rronously attriutd to Etrusan paintrs. On

o th most important dvlopmnts in lassial

arhaology during th nintnth ntury was

th opning o Gr to major xavations.

On Gr was liratd rom Ottoman

rul in 1829, arhaologists and sholars soon

disovrd major pottry prodution ntrs

in th ountry and gan to lassiy worksaording to rgion.

This xhiition xplors lak- and rd-gur

pottry o Anint Gr and its olonis,

as wll as Etrusan wars. From drinking ups

intndd to ward o th vil y to pots that

dpit amous Grk hros and gods suh as

Hrals and Zus, Scenes rom Myths and Daily Lie:

Ancient Mediterranean Pottery showass a sptaular

rang o vssls.


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Education Program

This guid was dsignd or K12 tahrs and studnts

to amiliariz thmslvs with th matrial on display

prior to a ld trip to th xhiition Scenes rom Myths and

Daily Lie: Ancient Mediterranean Pottery. This duational

pakt may also usd y tahrs and studnts

who ar unal to viw th xhiition at th Airport.

A iliography an ound on pag 22. Fild trip

inormation is also inludd on pags 23 and 24.

Objectives: Studnts will look at xampls o Grk and

Etrusan vass and larn aout thir orms, untions,

and vas paintings.

Studnts will larn aout pottry prodution and dsign

and how anint artists ar idntid. Thy will also

disovr Anint Grk myths and gods, and xplor

aspts o Grk daily li suh as th rol o mn and

womn in Grk soity and th us o prums.

Studnts will thn undrstand th orms, dorations,

and untions o ontainrs usd to srv and hold

Grk vrags, liquids, and dry goods. Thy will also

al to disuss a varity o Grk myths, gods, and

hros. In addition, studnts will om to raliz how

muh an rvald aout Anint Grk soity y

studying vas paintings on vssls.

Apulian red-gure skyphos450400 bceSouthrn Italy

trra-otta, gloss

87962; L2009.1001.041

The owl and olive branch are symbols o the goddess

Athena. Following the Persian withdrawal rom the

Greek mainland in 479 bce, owls began to appear

on Attic cups as a symbol o Athenas contribution

towards the Greek victory. The owlskyphos was

soon widely imitated throughout the Greek world.

How to Use this Teachers Guide

All objects are rom the collections o the Phoebe A. Hearst Museum o Anthropology, University o Caliornia at Berkeley.


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Education Program

Ancient Greek Historical Periods

Archaic: 700479 bce

Grk ity-stats prospr and Grk olonis dvlop

throughout th Mditrranan and Blak Sa rgions.

Commr and th arts ourish; th itis o Corinth

and Athns grow and dmoray gins to dvlop. Th

Grks dat th Prsians who thratnd to xtnd

thir ontrol to th Grk mainland.

Classical: 479 BCE323 bce

During th lassial ra, Athns rahs its gratst

politial and ultural ahivmnts: th dvlopmnt o

a dmorati systm and th uilding o th Parthnon;

th ration o th tragdis o Sophols, Ashylus,

and Euripids; and th ounding o th philosophial

shools o Sorats, Plato, and Aristotl. Alxandr th

Grat rings th Eastrn world to th Indian

suontinnt undr his ontrol or dying at th ag o

thirty-two in 323 bce.

Hellenistic Period: 32331 bce

Following th dath o Alxandr th Grat, his

kingdom is dividd into thr y his gnrals:

Madonia, inluding muh o mainland Gr, th

Sluid Empir, inluding th Nar East, and Egypt.

Th Hllnisti priod is an intrnational,

osmopolitan ag. By th sond ntury bce, Rom

oms th dominant or; Romans onqur

Madonia in 168 bce, dstroy th ity o Corinth in

146 bce, and aptur Athns in 86 bce.

Lucanian red-gure bell krater

lat 5th ntury bceattriutd to th Amykos Paintr

Southrn Italy

trra-otta, gloss

83822; L2009.1001.027

The Amykos Painter is named ater the vase

in which he depicted Amykos, the King o the

Bebrykes, being punished. The Amykos Painter

was the most prominent o the early Lucanian

artists, and more than two hundred vases havebeen attributed to him.


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Education Program

Hrals is on o th most amous hros in

Grk mythology. His imag is dpitd on

ountlss Grk ojts rom vas paintings to

sulptur and oins. Th hro was orn as a rsulto an aair twn th god Zus and Alkmn.

Hra, th wi o Zus, dspisd hr husands

illgitimat hild and tormntd Hrals

throughout his li. Whn Hrals was a ay,

Hra snt a pair o giant snaks into his radl,

whih h ravly strangld.

Hra ausd Hrals to go mad whn h was

an adult, and h killd his wi and hildrn. In

ordr to mak amnds, Hrals was rquird toprorm a sris o laors. Th rst laor rquird

him to slay a monstrous lion. H huntd th ast

armd with a ow and arrows, a sword, and his

lu.

He shot a fight o arrows at it, but they rebounded

harmlessly rom the thick pelt, and the lion licked its chops,

yawning. Next he used his sword, which bent as though made

o lead; nally he heaved up his club and dealt the lion such

a blow on the muzzle that it entered its double-mouthed cave,shaking its headnot rom pain, however, but because o the

singing in its earsAware now that the monster was proo

against all weapons, he began to wrestle with it. The lion

bit o one o his ngers; but, holding its head in chancery,

Heracles squeezed hard until it choked to death.

The Greek Myths, Rort Gravs, 1960

Following his sussul trmination o th ast,

Hrals skinnd th dad lion with its own sharp

laws and wor th plt as armor and its had as

a hlmt. This nsml am on o his trad-

marks.

Heracles Kills the Nemean Lion

Attic black-gure lekythos6th ntury bce

attriutd to th Phanyllis Group

Athns, Gr

trra-otta, gloss

83339; L2009.1001.014


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Education Program

Attic black-gure lekythos. 510 bce

attriutd to th Edinurgh Paintr

Athns, Gr

trra-otta, gloss

816; L2009.1001.002

The painting on thislkythos portrays a chariot in battle;

behind the chariot, are two warriors, one o which has been

overthrown. This type o lekythos was placed upon graves

o the dead and contained the oil and perume needed by the

deceased in the aterlie. The chariot scene indicates that it may

have been meant or the grave o a allen warrior, perhaps a

charioteer.


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Education Program

South Italian Painted PotteryTrad and th dsir or various goods, partiularly

mtals, rst rought th Anint Grks to southrn Italy

and Siily. Evntually, th Grks stalishd many

important olonis in this rgion known as MagnaGraia. For mor than two nturis, South Italian and

Siilian Grk itis importd pottry rom Corinth and

thn Athns.

During th lat th ntury bce, Atti imports asd as

th Spartans lokadd trad routs during th

Ploponnsian War (431404 bce). In rspons, v aras

in southrn ItalyCampania, Pastum, Apulia, Luania,

and Siilygan to produ rd-gur vass. As many

o th ratsmn wr traind immigrants rom Athns,

ths arly South Italian vass wr losly modld atr

Atti pottry in oth shap and dsign. Th markt or

ths vass was prinipally loal. Rgional styls soon

dvlopd, and in addition to sns rom daily li,

paintrs drw inspiration rom popular myths and

lgnds. Many vass wr ratd spially or us in

urials, and unrary sns wr ommon. In som ass,

ths myths wr atypial o thos dpitd on Atti

vass. South Italian pottry also aturd sns rom

Grk thatr. Fmal hads, suh as th on dpitd on

this kratr, wr anothr uniqu and livly moti oundon vass rom this ara. Additionally, South Italian vas

paintrs inund and inspird thir Etrusan nighors.

Th lay in southrn Italy had lss iron in it than lay

rom Athns; as a rsult, pots rd to a palr orang olor.

Vas paintrs otn ovrd thir undoratd vass with a

thin wash o yllow or rd ohr and thn urnishd th

pi to nhan th vssls hu.

Apulian red-gure column kraterlat 4th ntury bce

attriutd to th Split Mouth Group

(assoiats o th Amphora and Armidal Paintrs)

Southrn Italy

trra-otta, gloss

82320; L2009.1001.011

A emale head appears on the ront o this vase; on the reverse is prob-

ably Eros, the god o love and ertility, with a an and cluster o grapes.


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Education Program

Gnathian Style Vase Painting

Th Gnathian thniqu o painting was mployd to

rat th uniqu imagry on this vas. This styl, whih

was popular in southrn Italy, ntails painting all th

doration, otn in multipl olors, onto th lak,

glazd sura o th vssl. Th rd gurs ar not

rndrd in th olor o th lay; rathr, thy ar paintdon top o th lak akground with a rd slip and thn

inisd, rating a aux rd-gur sn.

Dpitd on this vas, two satyrs playully dan on

ithr sid o a woman, prhaps a manad, kiking thir

lgs, pointing thir tos, and waving thir arms. On o

th satyrs holds a small ow and arrow whil th woman

holds a pair o ovrsizd laurl lavs. Th gurs spiky

aps ar proaly laurl rowns.

This thr-gur omposition and group o mythial

haratrs rst appard on Grk vass in th sixth

ntury; shortly atr, Etrusan vas paintrs

inorporatd this thm. But ths antastial gursand thir unnatural orms ar a dpartur rom th mor

litral sns ound on Grk paintd vass. Th

urvilinar gurs, with thir hollow ys and pattrnd

odis, appar to strth and ontort. Although un-

usual, th vas shows a dlirat and arully onivd

painting styl. Unlik thir Atti ountrparts, Etrusan

paintd pottry tnds to mor lti and whimsial.

Etruscan red-gure bell kraterproaly lat 4th ntury bceItalytrra-otta, gloss

83829; 1L2009.1001.031

About two dozen vases o this type are extant.

Due to the peculiar style, and because none were

ound in a controlled excavation, experts are

divided upon whether the vases are authentically

ancient or modern orgeries.


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Education Program 1

Th Etrusans wr known throughout antiquity as a

saaring popl who xlld at mtallurgy. By th lat

ighth ntury bce, orign inuns rom th Nar East

and Gr gan to impat Etrusan art, thnology,

and soity. Tradrs rom Gr, Phoniia, and Syria

am to Italy to xhang goods or prious mtals.

During th midsvnth ntury bce, Etruria gaind

onsidral walth and powr. By th sixth ntury,

Etrusans also xportd pottry, mtal utnsils, arms andarmor, win, grain, and timr.

Th Etrusans importd larg numrs o Grk vass.

Baus so many Grk vass wr xavatd rom

Etrusan toms in th lat ightnth and arly

nintnth nturis, arhaologists initially assumd

thy wr mad in Etruria. Whn Grk insriptions

wr ound on pots, sours o pottry lays idntid,

and styls ttr undrstood, sholars ralizd th xtnt

o th import trad. As thy am amiliar with

Etrusan tasts, Grk pottrs altrd som o thir

pottry to appal to Etrusan onsumrs. Th Grks

imitatd Etrusan shaps and paintd vssls with

popular Etrusan thms.

Following th inun o importd Grk pottry, and

th immigration o Grk pottrs to southrn Etruriaaround 510 bce, Etrusan artisans gan loal

prodution o lak-gur pottry. In th th and

ourth nturis bce, again inspird y importd Grk

pottry, Etrusan artisans produd a varity o uniquly

styld rd-gur pottry. Th primary ntrs o pottry

prodution inludd Crvtri and Vuli, oth in

southrn Etruria.

Etruscan Pottery

Etruscan red-gure bell krater4th ntury bce

Italy

trra-otta, gloss83826; L2009.1001.030

The nude emale beside the ountain on this vase may

be a lasa, a subsidiary deity associated with love and

adornment. It is unclear as to whether or not the man

behind her is a mortal or a satyr, a ollower o the

god o wine, known as Fufuns to the Etruscans. I a

satyr is depicted, then perhaps the nude emale is not a

lasa, but a maenad, a emale ollower o Fufuns.


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Education Program 1

Etruscan black-gure neck amphoraproaly lat 5th or arly 6th ntury bce

Italy

trra-otta, gloss

8445; L2009.1001.008

On this amphora, two bearded athletes race

towards a judge who holds a crown.


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Education Program 1

Pottery Production in the Ancient Mediterranean

Mn workd as pottrs and paintrs in Grk soity.Making pots rquird lay, watr, ul, r, and a kiln. Du

to th mss and smok, pottry workshops wr usuallyloatd outsid o ity ntrs. Th rst stag inmaking a pot was to dig th lay out o th ground. Th

lay was thn mixd with watr in a asin, in a lngthypross alld lvigation, in whih impuritis wr ltrdrom th lay. Whn judgd to sufintly n, th laywas lt to dry out to th rquird onsistny.

To mak a vas, th pottr knadd a lump o lay osuital siz and plad it ntrally on th at sura oth whl. As th whl rvolvd, th pottr drw th lay

up into th rquird shap with his hands. Larg pots wrmad in svral stions and handls wr adddsparatly.

Atr th vas drid in th sun and th lay hardnd, itwas urnishd. Somtims a wash o rd ohr wasapplid to th sura o th pot to nhan th naturalrddish-orang olor o th lay. Th paintr mad aprliminary skth on a vas, proaly with a stik o

haroal. Th painting was thn ompltd with

spially prpard lay slips or glosss, a mixtur opurid lay and watr. Inisions wr also mad at this

tim, in whih dsigns wr drawn on th sura o thpot with a sharp tool.

Pots wr thn wood-rd in kilns. By ontrolling thoxygn ow, th olor o th lay pot and its gloss ould

hangd rom rd to lak. An oxidizing or wll-vntilatd atmosphr produd rd; a rduing or smok-lld atmosphr, gray or lak.

Etruscan red-gure oinochoemid4th ntury bce

Italy

trra-otta, gloss

83399; L2009.1001.022

On this vessel, a goosethe symbol o Aphrodite, goddess o love

appears opposite the head o a satyr.

.


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Education Program 1

Identiying Artists

Attic black-gure neck amphora525500 bce

attriutd to th Lagros Group

Athns, Gr

trra-otta, gloss

83852; L2009.1001.032

In this vase painting, a maenad, a emale ollower o

Dionysos, the god o wine, rides a bull and holds a grapevine

in her hand. She wears a chiton or tunic, and a himation, a

type o cloak, both popular garments in Ancient Greece.

.

Pottrs and paintrs rquntly signd thir nams

on vass, spially thos in Athns. Howvr, not all

paintrs or pottrs signd all o thir work. Som

paintrs apparntly nvr signd vass, unlss signdpis y ths artisans rmain to xavatd.

By arully xamining n stylisti dtails on

unsignd vass, sholars ar al to idntiy

vssls produd y th sam artist. Spialists look

or uniqu haratristis o th pottr or paintr,

whih hlp to distinguish a ody o work

produd y th sam artist or workshop.

Sir John Davidson Bazly pionrd thattriution o Athnian lak- and rd-

gurd vass to oth namd and anonymous

paintrs in th twntith ntury. H was a

prossor o lassial arhaology and art at

th Univrsity o Oxord (192556). Bazly

idntid th individual styls o Athnian vas

paintrs and ssntially trad th ntir

dvlopmnt o Atti vas painting.

Bazly and th othr sholars gav various nams toth anonymous paintrs whom thy idntid. Many

ar namd atr th pottrs thy ollaoratd with, othrs

ar namd y th rgion in whih thy wr ound, and som

paintrs ar namd y th sujts thy paintd, or puliaritis

o styl.

Th workshop o th Lagros Group, to whih this vas is

attriutd, onsistd o paintrs who doratd pottry in

th lak-gur thniqu in Athns around 525 to 500 bce.

Mmrs o th Lagros Group wr among th last lak-

gur paintrs. Th group prdominantly mad larg vass

inluding hydriai, amphora, and kratrs.


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Education Program 1

Rptitiv, linar pattrns and oral dsigns rgularly

appar on Atti, South Italian, and Etrusan vass.

Ornamntal pattrns srv as ordrs and nhan

gurativ piturs on pots. Th top pattrn onthis kratr ar rrrd to as palmtts and th

ottom pattrn ar alld upright lotus uds.

Pattrns may dorat larg aras o vass,

ovring th nk, suras undrnath th

handls, and th spa aov and low th

imags.

Many o th pattrns on paintd vass an

trad to outsid inuns. For xampl,

lotuss and palmtt motis originatd inEgypt. Ths dsigns wr introdud

to th Grks in th svnth ntury bce

through Nar Eastrn arts. Som o th

pattrns ound on vass also appar on

txtils, mtal ojts, and arhittur.

Th majority o ths pattrns ontain no

symoli maning. Ivy and vin lavs,

howvr, ar afliatd with Dionysos, th god

o win, and rquntly appar on vssls

assoiatd with win onsumption.

Decorative Patterns on Vases

Attic black-gure neck amphoralat 6th ntury bce

attriutd to th Group o Wrzurg 199

Athns, Gr

trra-otta, gloss

83853; L2009.1001.033

This vase painting shows a man preparing or battle. He has already attached

one greave and prepares to attach a second piece o shin armour to his let leg.

The warriors beard indicates that he is middle aged, in contrast to the

beardless youth behind him and the young maiden in ront o him.


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Education Program 1

The Role o Women in Ancient Greece and Etruria

Mn and womn playd distint rols in Grk soity. Evry

mal had a guardian, who was ithr hr losst mal-irth

rlativ or hr husand. Marriags wr arrangd, and womn

wr trothd around th ags o tn to ightn. Awomans domain was hr hom. Fmals wr largly

rsponsil or aring hildrn, managing th houshold, and

tnding to hors suh as spinning, waving, and prparing

mals. Many womn ould aord to hav a mal slav to

assist thm with ths ativitis.

Som womn workd in th marktpla and partiipatd in

agriultural ldwork. Fmal slavs and lowr-lass womn

wr typially rsponsil or rtriving watr rom th loal

ountain hous, whih gav thm th opportunity to soializwith othr womn outsid o th hous. Womn also tndd

th toms o amily mmrs and rought orings to th

dasd. Spial irumstans suh as wddings,

unrals, and rligious stivals allowd womn to

partiipat in xtrnal ativitis. Idally, in all puli

irumstans, womn had to aompanid y a

slav or othr attndant.

Etrusan womn, on th othr hand, njoyd a

grat dal o rdom. Aunt womn drov orrod arriags, and thy hostd gathrings or

mal rinds. Marrid oupls drank win,

dind, and ntrtaind togthr, and wivs

aompanid thir husands at anquts,

pratis that astonishd arly Grk osrvrs.

Campanian red-gure squat lekythos350325 bce

attriutd to th workshop o th

Cuma A PaintrSouthrn Italy

trra-otta, gloss

83345; L2009.1001.015

Perhaps the topless emale in this anciul painting is playing the

role o Aphrodite the goddess o love, beauty, and sexuality, or it

may even represent the goddess hersel. Most likely, Eros, the god o

love and ertility, is shown at let.

.


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Education Program 1

Wedding Vases

Signiant oasions, suh as marriags, unrals, and

irths, alld or spi typs o pottry. A spial

rang o shaps was mad or wddings, partiularly,

th lebes gamikos, whih rst appard in th sixth

ntury and ontinud in prodution wll into th

ourth ntury. Ths wdding vass had an attahd

stand or a short oot, suh as th ons displayd hr.

Th nam ls gamikos oms rom lebes, whih mans

dp owl, andgamikos, whih mans marriag. Paintings

on th ls gamikos portray lov, ridal, and nuptial

sns. Also prsnt on many o ths vass ar th

Olympian gods Eros and Aphrodit, oth assoiatd

with lov and rtility.

Th rid and groom markd th dpartur rom

unmarrid li to thir impnding unions with ritual

aths prior to th wdding stivitis. Th ls gamikos

may hav hld watr or ritual washing. Or prhaps th

vssls hld spial wdding oods or th rid and

groom in th ridal hamr suh as ssam aks, in

whih th sds wr ground, mixd with hony, and

shapd. On vas paintings, ths wdding vass ar otn

shown ing prsntd to th rid as wdding gits or

plad on th oor sid hr.

Campanian red-gure lebetes gamikoimidlat 4th ntury bce

Southrn Italy

trra-otta, gloss

8448a,; L2009.1001.010; 8447a,; L2009.1001.009

In the vase painting on the let, Eros, the god o love and ertility, chases a woman.


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Education Program 1

The Symposium

Th painting on this kratr

illustrats a symposium: a

drinking party attndd y

a host and his mal gusts.In addition to mrrymaking,

mn otn ngagd in politial

or philosophial dats. Custom

ditatd that wivs and daughtrs

wr xludd; though mal

ourtsans or hetairaiwr

allowd to attnd. Htairai wr

traind hostsss who wr shown

on vass playing musial

instrumnts, partiipating in partygams, ngaging in roti ativity,

and daning with mn. Slav

attndants and young mals wr

also prsnt at symposia srving

win to gusts.

Upon arriving at th hosts hom,

partiipants rmovd thir shos and

srvants washd th gusts t. Gusts

wr anointd with prumd oils and owrgarlands. Th symposium took pla in th

andron, an intimat, squar room with a slightly

raisd oor in th mns part o th hous. Mn

rlind on ouhs arrangd around th sids

o th room, and low tals or ood wr st in

ront o ah ouh.

Partiipants rst ord a liation to Olympian

gods. Th symposiarh, or mastr o aairs, thn

sltd th pris strngth o th win mixtur,

th numr o owls to mixd, th siz o th

ups to usd, and th pa o th drinking or

th vning. Th win was mixd with watr in a

kratr suh as th on on display, and thn ladld

into an oinochoeor similar typ o jug y a slav. Th

srvr thn pourd win into ah gusts up.

South Italian red-gure column kraterlat 5th ntury bce

Southrn Italy

trra-otta, gloss

86685; L2009.1001.038


18/30

Education Program 1

The Evil Eye

Th vil y, a malign glan, whih may aus harm or

dath to a prson and dstrution to prsonal proprty,

is oldr than Grk ivilization. A olk li at last

v thousand yars old, th vil y appars in India, thMiddl East, and Europ. It is mntiond in th Bil in

addition to Sumrian and othr Anint Nar Eastrn

txts. Etrusans and Egyptians wr known to paint ys

on th ows o thir vssls as a harm to ward against

th vil y. Evn today, som Grk shing oats ar

paintd with ys on ithr sid o th prow.

In Anint Gr, ys dpitd on numrous vas

paintings wr intndd to ward o th vil y. As a

gust was srvd win rom this olpe(lt), h was

prottd y th powrs o th ys that ad away romhim and towards his rind or o. Th kyathos(right),

withx ys dpitd on oth sids, prottd th usr

rgardlss o whih hand was usd to pik up th up,

as on y would always a th drinkr, whil th othr

would turnd towards his ompanion.

Attic black-gure olpe (let)550525 bce

attriutd to th paintr o th Jna KainusAthns, Gr

trra-otta, gloss

83379; L2009.1001.020

Dionysos, the god o wine, is the central gure on thisolp.

Four satyrs, his male ollowers, two o whom bear enormous

wineskins which double as large eyes, accompany him. Wineskins,

made rom sheep or goats, were oten used to carry wine and are

requently depicted on vases.

Attic black-gure kyathos (right)mid6th ntury bceattriutd to th Partridg Paintr

Athns, Gr

trra-otta, gloss

82; L2009.1001.001


19/30

Education Program 1

Perumes

In antiquity, oth mn and womn wr ond o

prums and sntd ointmnts or ungunts with

whih thy adornd thir odis, hair, and ards.

Prumd oils wr also usd in rligious and soialrituals, and popl plad prum ottls in

urials. Prum shops in Athns ondutd a grat

dal o usinss and wr loatd in th agora, or

markt pla. Prums wr ommonly stord and

sold in alabastra.Th ity o Corinth produd som

o th nst and most ornatly doratd rami

prum and osmti ontainrs.

Prums and ungunts wr highly prizd luxury

itms purhasd y th walthy, and prumrslosly guardd th srts o thir trad.

Throughout th anint world, prums wr mad

with th utmost ar in small quantitis using an

assortmnt o natural ingrdints, many o whih

wr importd rom South Araia and th Far East.

Today, prums ar alohol asd; in antiquity,

prums ontaind a vgtal oil as suh as

linsd or oliv oil.

Prums and ointmnts wr mad using on othr prossing mthods: prssing or xtration,

old stping, or hot stping. Dirnt plant

matrials wr usd to mak prums and

ointmnts, inluding owrs, lavs, hrs, ruits,

and aromati rsins xtratd rom rtain trs.

Frankinns, jasmin, marjoram, narissus, ross,

lilis, iris, innamon, and rosmary wr som o

th many ingrdints inorporatd into prums.

Ungunts typially had a as mad rom vgtal

oil or animal at, to whih various xativ

matrials wr addd suh as milk, hony, aromati

rsins, and prumd swax.

Etrusco-Corinthian black-gure alabastron575550 bce

attriutd to th Mingor Paintr

Southrn Italy

trra-otta, gloss

8-6683; L2009.1001.037


20/30

Education Program 2

Th Anint Grks worshippd a panthon

o gods and goddsss, ah with a uniqu

prsonality and distint ralm. Grk myths

xplaind th origins o th gods and thirrlationships with mortals. Anint Grk art

rquntly inorporatd sns rom mythologial tals.

Th painting on this hydria, a typ o watr jar, dtails

th irth o th god o win Dionysos and th dath

o his mothr Sml. Sml has an aair

with th god Zus and oms

prgnant. But hr amily

dos not liv that

sh is arrying th

gods hild. In onvrsion o th myth,

Zus oms angry with

Sml and kills hr with a

lightning olt. Zus thn taks

th unorn hild and sws th

tus into his thigh until th ay

is rady to mrg rom his lg.

Contrary to th ommon vrsion

o th story, on this vas, Dionysos

is shown laping ully grown rom hismothrs wom.

Smls amily still livs that sh lid.

Whn Dionysos oms to Ths h is shunnd

in his homland. Dionysos dids to vindiat his

mothr and prov to hr amily that h is a

divinity. H indus th itys womn to aandon

thir homs and om his ollowrs, driving thm

into a stat o stati rnzy. Dionysos also auss

hystria among Smls sistrs and Agau, th mothr

o th king o Ths.

In hr insanity, Agau tars hr son Pnthus lim rom

lim, living sh is taring apart a mountain lion.

Agau thn arris hr sons had ak to hr athr,

Cadmus. Shortly atr, sh oms to hr snss ralizing

th atroity sh has ommittd. Dionysoss wrath,

howvr, dos not nd thr; h snds Agau and hr

sistrs into xil and turns Cadmus into a srpnt.

Attic red-gure hydria. 400 bce

attriutd to th Sml Paintr; Athns, Gr;trra-otta, gloss

83316; L2009.1001.013

This vase is an outstanding example o misred pottery. The

red blotches throughout the vase make it easy to identiy as such.

Because the black gloss that the artist used to create the imagery on

the piece was applied too thin, much o it burned away in the kiln

during the ring process.

The Birth o the God Dionysos


21/30

Education Program 2

The Hero Theseus Slays the Monstrous MinotaurTh painting on this amphora highlights

on o th most popular myths o Anint

Gr, th slaying o th Crtan Minotaur

y th Athnian hro Thsus. ThAthnians wr ord to snd svn youths

and svn maidns to Crt to d to th

Minotaur, a hal-human, hal-ull monstr

who dwlt in th layrinth at Knossos. Th

two ystandrs on this vas proaly

rprsnt thos dstind or sari.

Thsus, th son o King Agus,

voluntrd to dstroy th Minotaur, and

was aidd y th Crtan prinss, Ariadn,who ll in lov with him. Ariadn gav

Thsus a magi all o thrad to attah to

th ntran o th maz, whih h

unwound into th Minotaurs hamrs.

Th string also allowd Thsus to rtra

his stps through th maz on h had

killd th Minotaur. On this vas, Ariadn

stands y Thsus whil h slays th ast

rom hind.

In on vrsion o th myth, Thsus s

with Ariadn and latr aandons hr. As or

Thsus, h had promisd to hoist whit

sails i his mission was sussul.

Asntminddly, h lavs th vssls

lak sails in pla. Upon sing th lak

sails, his athr Agus imagins th worst

and throws himsl to his dath rom th

hights o Aropolis.

Attic black-gure neck amphoralat 6th ntury bce

attriutd to th Group o Wrzurg 199

Athns, Gr

trra-otta, gloss

83853; L2009.1001.033


22/30

Education Program 2

Athena: Virgin Goddess o Warare and Cratsmanship

On this amphora, Hrms, divin mssngr o

th gods, is aompanid y Athna and th

hro Hrals. Athnas mothr was Mtis,

goddss o wisdom and th rst wi o

Zus. Farul that Mtis would ar a son

mightir than himsl, Zus swallowd his

wi. Insid Zus, Mtis mad a ro and

hlmt or hr daughtr. Th hammring o

th hlmt ausd Zus trril hadahs

and h rid out in agony. Hphastus, his

son, ran to his athrs aid and split his

skull opn. From it, mrgd th

ully-grown, Athna, armd and waring

hr mothrs ro and hlmt. Athnastradmarks ar a hlmt, spar, and th

agis, a rast ornamnt ordrd y

srpnts and somtims mllishd

in th ntr with a gorgons hada

monstrous mal gur.

Athna and Posidon, th god o th sa,

oth ovtd Athns. Thy ah laimd th

ity, and so it was didd that th on who

ould giv th nst git to its itizns shouldhav it. Posidon struk th top o th Aropolis

with his thr-prongd spar and a spring wlld up,

ut th watr was salty. Athna gav th Athnians

th mor usul oliv tr, and so was hosn as thir

prminnt dity.

Athna was not aggrssiv y natur, unlss hr

ountry was attakd or whn sh am to th aid

o hros suh as Hrals. Evn so, lik most Grk

gods, sh possssd th aility to om nragd andvngul. Whn Athna, who invntd spinning and

waving, disovrd that th mortal Arahn ould

wav nr txtils than hrsl, th goddss turnd

th girl into a spidr. On anothr oasion, th young

huntr Tirsias saw th virgin goddss athing nud;

urious, Athna prmanntly lindd him.

Attic black gure neck amphoralat 6th ntury bce

attriutd to th Lagros Group:

Munih 1416

Athns, Gr

trra-otta, gloss

83376; L2009.1001.018


23/30

Education Program 2

Pottery Shapes

Alabastron (pl. alabastra): ottls or plain or sntd oils and prums

Hydria (pl. hydriai):watr jars

Krater (pl. kraters):vssls usd or mixing win and watr

Kyathos (pl. kylikes):a ontainr usd as a ladl to srv win rom a kratr

Lebes gamikos (pl. lebetes gamikoi):a vas usd or matrimonial oasions though itsspi untion is unrtain

Lekythos (pl. lekythoi):a ontainr, whih hld various typs o oil and wr usd y mnand womn at santuaris, gravs, in th kithn, and at th ath; thy wr also ommonly

usd as urial orings

Oinochoe (pl. oinochoai):a pithr or watr jug that was rquntly usd as a srvr or ladlor win; Grk pottrs traditionally mad som vass in th orm o popl and animals

Skyphos (pl. skyphoi):a dp drinking up with two handls, it was on o th mostommon Grk up orms produd

Amphora (pl. amphorae):gnral-purpos ontainrs that hld liquids suh as hony, milk,watr, oil, and win

Olpe:lik th oinoho, th olp srvd as a pithr or watr jug that was rquntly usd as asrvr or ladl or win


24/30

Education Program 2

Decorative Patterns on Vases

How many dirnt typs o pattrns an you idntiy in th xhiition?

Palmette-lotus chain

Upright lotus buds

Hanging lotus buds

Broken key

Crossing meander

Laurel leaves

Rays

Palmettes

Palmette-lotus cross with upright lotus buds

Ivy with corymboi

Unnamed pattern


25/30

Education Program 2

Activities and Review

1. Many dirnt pot typs xistd in anint Gr, ah with a nam and untion. Disuss th

shaps, nams, and styls o pots. What wr som o th vssls usd or?

2. Ask studnts to think aout todays ontainrs. How ar liquids and vrags urrntly stord?

What typs o matrials ar usd today? How do thy ompar with anint Grk vssls and

manuaturing thniqus?

3. Ask studnts to skth a dsign o thir own pot. Studnts should think o th ovrall shap,untion, handl dsign, dorativ pattrns and gurativ sns, and th us o olor, ithr

rd-gur or lak-gur.

Ask studnts to xplain what thir pot is usd or. Ar th shap and handls appropriat or th

us? What dos thir vas painting rt aout Anint Grk soity?

4. Disuss th vas paintings sn in th xhiition. Grk vas paintings hlp us undrstand many

things aout Anint Grk daily li and mythology. Anint Grk pots wr otn doratd with

dtaild gurativ sns and dsigns. What wr som o your avorit vas paintings and why?

What typ o storis do th pots rval aout li in Anint Gr? Why do you think AnintGrks doratd thir pots?

Additional questions/things to look or in the exhibition

What typ o animals ar dpitd on som o th pots?

What gods ar aturd on som o th vass?

What hros ar rprsntd on som o th vssls?


26/30

Education Program 2

Vocabulary

Acropolis: an outstanding Anint Grk arhittural ahivmnt, a itadl in th ity o Athns, a shltror dns against nmis loatd on a high spot

Afuent: walthy

Antiquity: anint, ormr ags

Archaeology: th sinti study o histori and prhistori popls through th study and xavation oartiats

Athens: a ity in Gr

Attic: rrs to th ity o Athns, inluding its popl, art, and various goods

Betroth: to arrang or th marriag o

Black-gure: a dorativ pottry thniqu dvlopd aout 700 bce in Corinth; Artisans applid a lakslip to dpit gurs and ornamntal motis against th lays natural, rddish-orang akground; th

dtails wr ithr inisd or addd in olors; mal skin was typially paintd whit

Commerce: an xhang o goods or ommoditis

Corinth: a ity in Gr

Incise: to ut into, to orm marks, or lin drawings

Courtesan: an sort, hostss

Eclectic: mad up o dirnt sours, omining dirnt lmnts

Dionysos: th anint Grk god o win

Excavate: to rmov y digging out o th ground

Magna Graecia: th oastal aras in southrn Italy and in Siily, whih wr olonizd y th AnintGrks

Malign: vil, injurous

Libation: th pouring o a liquid oring in honor o a god or as part o a rligious ritual


27/30

Education Program 2

Literal: tru to at, ollowing vry los to th original

Maenad: a mal ollowr o th god o win, Dionysus

Mythology: a st o storis, traditions, or lis assoiatd with a partiular ultural group

Nuptial: o or prtaining to marriag or th marriag rmony

Ocher: natural minrals ranging in olor rom pal yllow to orang and rd

Pantheon: th gods o a partiular mythology onsidrd olltivly

Red-gure: a dorativ pottry thniqu, whih was invntd in Athns aout 530 bce and graduallyam th prdominant styl; it is th rvrs o lak-gur: th gurs appard in rddish-orang, with

gural dtails applid in lak lins against a lak akground

Satyr: a mishivous mal ollowr o th god o win, Dionysos

Slip: a mixtur o lay and watr

Subsidiary: sondary

Whimsical: playul, aniul


28/30

Education Program 2

BibliographyAmyx, Darrll A. Th Cas o th Dundin Paintr. Caliornia Studies in Classical Antiquity, vol. 1 (1968): 1334.

Arias, P. E.A History o 1000 Years o Greek Vase Painting. Nw York: Harry N. Arams, In., 1961.Barkr, Gram, and Tom Rasmussn. The Etruscans. Oxord: Blakwll Pulishrs Ltd, 1998.

Bazly, J. D. The Development o Attic Black-Figure. Brkly and Los Angls: Univrsity o Caliornia Prss Ltd., 1986..Attic Black-Figure Vase-Painters. Nw York: Hakr Art Books, 1978.Brard, Claud, Christian Bron, Jan-Louis Durand, Franois Frontisi-Duroux, Franois Lisarragu, Alain Shnapp, and Jan-Pirr

Vrnant.A City o Images: Iconography and Society in Ancient Greece. Nw Jrsy: Printon Univrsity Prss, 1989.Blundll, Su. Women in Ancient Greece. Camridg: Harvard Univrsity Prss, 1995.

Boardman, John.Athenian Red Figure Vases: The Classical Period. London: Thams and Hudson Ltd., 1989..Athenian Black Figure Vases: A Handbook. London: Thams and Hudson Ltd., 1974.

. The History o Greek Vases: Potters, Painters, and Pictures. Thams and Hudson Ltd., 2001..Athenian Red Figure Vases: The Archaic Period. London: Thams and Hudson Ltd., 1975.Bonant, Larissa, d.Etruscan Lie and Aterlie: A Handbook o Etruscan Studies. Dtroit: Wayn Stat Univrsity Prss, 1986.

Brul, Pirr. Women o Ancient Greece. Edinurgh: Edinurgh Univrsity Prss, 2003.Buxton, Rihard. The Complete World o Greek Mythology. London: Thams and Hudson Ltd., 2004.

Clark, Andrw J., Maya Elston, and Mary Louis Hart. Understanding Greek Vases: A Guide to Terms, Styles, and Techniques. Gtty Puliations: LosAngls, 2002.

Cook, R. M. Greek Painted Pottery. Nw York: Routldg, 1997.Craddok, Paul. Scientic Investigation o Copies, Fakes and Forgeries. Oxord: Elsvir Ltd., 2007.

Crokr Art Musum. Poseidons Realm: Ancient Greek Art rom the Collections o the Lowie Museum o Anthropology, Berkeley. Saramnto: Crokr ArtMusum, 1982.Davidson, Jams. Courtesans and Fishcakes: The Consuming Passions o Classical Athens. Nw York: St. Martins Prss, 1998.

Daly, Andrw. Siren Feasts: A History o Food and Gastronomy in Greece. London: Routldg, 1996..Food in the Ancient World rom A to Z. London: Routldg, 2003.

Daly, Andrw, and Sally Graingr. The Classical Cookbook. Los Angls: Th J. Paul Gtty Musum, 1996.Dayagi-Mndls, Mihal. Drink and Be Merry: Wine and Beer in Ancient Times. Jrusalm: Th Isral Musum, 1999.. Perumes and Cosmetics in the Ancient World. Jrusalm: Th Isral Musum, 1989.

Dunds, Alan. The Evil Eye: A Casebook. Madison: Th Univrsity o Wisonsin Prss, 1981.Dyson, Stphn L. In Pursuit o Ancient Pasts: A History o Classical Archaeology in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. Nw Havn, CT and London:

Yal Univrsity Prss, 2006..Ancient Marbles to American Shores: Classical Archaeology in the United States. Philadlphia: Univrsity o Pnnsylvania Prss, 1998.

Gravs, Rort. The Greek Myths. London: Pnguin Books, 1992.Hayns, Syill.Etruscan Civilization. Los Angls: J. Paul Gtty Musum, 2000.

Hurwitt, Jry M., and Patriia Powll.Ancient Etruscan and Greek Vases in the Elvehjem Museum o Art. Univrsity o WisonsinMadison, 2000.Lissarragu, Franois. Greek Vases: The Athenians and their Images. Translatd y Kim Alln. Nw York: Rivrsid Book Company, In. 2001.Millr, Waltr. Greece and the Greeks: A Survey o Greek Civilization. Nw York: Th Mamillan Company, 1941.

Nol, Josph Vah. The Technique o Painted Attic Pottery. London: Thams and Hudson, 1988.Oakly, John H., and Ra H. Sinos. The Wedding in Ancient Athens. Madison: Th Univrsity o Wisonsin Prss, 1993.

Parson, Stphani. Shads o Tradition: Th Sptr Group Kratr in th Harst Musum. Unpulishd papr, Dmr 2006.Plato. The Symposium. Translatd y Christophr Gill. London: Pnguin Classis, 1999.

Rasmussn, Tom, and Nigl Spivy, ds. Looking at Greek Vases. Camridg: Camridg Univrsity Prss, 1991.Rihtr, Gisla M. A.Attic Red-Figured Vases: A Survey. Nw Havn: Yal Univrsity Prss, 1946.Roswll, Park. The Evil Eye Thanatology and other Essays. Boston: Th Gorham Prss, 1914.

Shrir, Tony.Athenian Vase Construction . Maliu, CA: J. Paul Gtty Musum, 1999.

Stwart, Andrw. Classical Greece and the Birth o Western Art. Nw York: Camridg Univrsity Prss, 2008.St. John, J. A. The History o the Manners and Customs o Ancient Greece. London: Rihard Bntly, 1842.Thomson d Grummond, Nany.Etruscan Myth, Sacred History, and Legend. Philadlphia: Univrsity o Pnnsylvania Musum o Arhaology

and Anthropology, 2006.Waltrs, H. B. History o Ancient Pottery: Greek, Etruscan, and Roman.Washington, D.C.: MGrath Pulishing Co., 1973.Trndall, A. D. Red Figure Vases o South Italy and Sicily: A Handbook. London: Thams and Hudson Ltd., 1989.

Tura, Jan Maintosh. Catalogue o the Etruscan Gallery o the University o Pennsylvania Museum o Archaeology and Anthropology. Philadlphia: Univrsityo Pnnsylvania Musum o Arhaology and Anthropology, 2005.

Waltrs Art Musum. The Art o Ancient Greece. London: Philip Wilson Pulishrs, 2008.Whit, Donald, and Blair Brownl, Irn Bald Romano, and Jan Maintosh Tura. Guide to the Etruscan and Roman Worlds at the University o

Pennsylvania Museum o Archaeology and Anthropology. Philadlphia: Univrsity o Pnnsylvania Musum o Arhaology and Anthropology, 2002.


29/30

Education Program 2

Your Visit to San FranciscoAirport Museums

SFO is a great destination for your class!

Museum and Library admission, educational programs,

and tours are ofered at no charge. Education programs

and tours can be customized or higher grades, mixed-

ages, and special needs-students.

You Can Extend Your Visit

Bringlunchandsitinthepublicdiningareasadjacent

to the aviation museum or select rom the many

restaurants at SFO.

Takeatouroftheairport(bypriorarrangementand

availability),andridetheAirTrain.

MeetthetraineddogsoftheSFPDAirportK-9Unit

andseetheminaction(bypriorarrangement

and availability).

VisitothermuseumexhibitionsintheInternational

Terminal.Pleasecheckwww.sfoarts.orgforupdated

inormation on current exhibitions.

Public Transportation

TakeBARTdirectlyintoSFOInternationalTerminal,

wheretheaviationmuseumandlibraryarelocated.

TakeSamTransRoutesKXand292directlytoSFO.

TakeCaltraintoBARTforservicetoSFO.

By School Bus/Charter Bus

Parkingforbusesisavailableatnochargebyprior

arrangement only.

By Car

GroupsbookedforeducationalprogramscanparkinAirportgarages,andAirportparkingticketscanbe

validated at the Aviation Museum at no charge.

For more inormation on transportation to SFO, visit

www.ysfo.com

Since1980,theSanFranciscoAirportMuseumshas

eatured exhibitions throughout the Airport terminals,

whichdisplayarotatingscheduleofart,history,science,

and cultural material. Exhibitions change throughout the

year in an efort to provide an educational and cultural

experienceforthenearlythirtymillionpassengerswho

use the Airport annually. Most exhibitions are located pre-

security and admission is ree.

TheSanFranciscoAirportCommissionAviationLibraryand

LouisA.TurpenAviationMuseumfeaturesapermanent

collection dedicated to the history o commercial aviation.

TheAviationMuseumand

Libraryishousedwithinan

architectural adaptation

o San Franciscos original

1937airportpassenger

lobby.Publiceducational

programs are held in this

uniquefacility,whichis

also available or private

events. Open hours are

10:00amto4:30pm

Sunday through Friday;

closedSaturdaysandholidays.TheMuseumislocatedpre-

security and admission is ree.

Toscheduleeducationalprogramsandtourspleasecontact:

GabrielPhung

(650)821-9911

[email protected]

For inormation on uture programs, visit

www.sfoarts.org/education

For the location o the aviation museum and library, visit

www.sfoarts.org/about/directions.html


30/30

Education Program 3

Scenes from Myths and Daily Life:Ancient Mediterranean Pottery

Thisisafree,hands-oneducationalprogramdesigned

forjuniorhighandhighschoolstudents,whichfocuses

on the current exhibitionAncient Mediterranean Pottery.

Thisprogramincludesdirectedlooking,exploringpottery

productiontechniques,paintingstyles,subjectmatter,and

regional variations. Educational programs and tours can be

customizedforlowerorhighergradelevels,mixed-ages,

and special-needs students.

Theprogramisguidedbyexperiencedmuseumand

librarysta.Thetourruns35minutes.Toursof Ancient

Mediterranean Potterycanaccommodateapproximately30

students at a time. Special arrangements can be made or

groupslargerthan30.

Program Plan

StudentsarriveattheAviationMuseumandLibraryto

depositjacketsandbags

Staintroduction,welcomingremarks,anddescription

o the program

30minutedocenttouroftheexhibition

Conclusionandwrap-up

Ancient Mediterranean Pottery isonviewfromOctober

2009March2010intheInternationalTerminalingallery

G2.

International Terminal

Fall09 Teacher Guide

Documents

Transcript of Fall09 Teacher Guide