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FALL PROTECTION AND LADDER
SAFETY
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Fall Restraint - prevents fall or limits the movement of person
Fall Arrest - reduce shock to the body by shortening the free fall--it provides more room for movement of person
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Fall RestrainFall Restrain
A proactive approach to prevent fall from happening by using
a.Guardrails
b.Hole covers
A proactive approach to prevent fall from happening by using
a.Guardrails
b.Hole covers
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Fall RestrainFall RestrainFall RestrainFall RestrainGuardrail system:Guardrail system:
Top Rail
Mid Rail
Walking/Working Surface
200 lbs
150 lbs
50 lbs
42”+/- 3”
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General Provision in HoistingAreas:
• During hoisting operations, a chain, gate or removable guardrail section shall be in place
• Prior to removal of the guardrail, the employee shall be protected by use of a personal fall arrest system
a. Guard Rail System
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Leading EdgeLeading EdgeLeading EdgeLeading Edge
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Ladderway/Stairway Openings
Shall be guarded on ALL exposed sides by railing and toeboards in a manner that a person cannot pass through it, except at the entrance to the opening.
b. Covers
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Floor Openings
• Shall be covered of adequate strength
• Shall be guarded with railings and toeboard
• Ensure no openings more than 2.5cm (1 inch) that are not secured
b. Covers
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Wall Openings
• Shall be solidly enclosed if:
a. less than 1m from the floor
b. height of at least 75 cm.
c. width of at least 45 cm.
d. there is a drop of more than 2 m.
b. Covers
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• Also known as “Caution Tapes”, “Yellow Tapes” are used to warn individual of the surrounding hazards.
• It is implied that only authorized personnel are allowed beyond the warning lines.
• Must be placed in advance the danger area
a. Warning Lines
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Fall Arrest SystemFall Arrest System
• Limits free fall to six feet which reduces force by decreasing fall distance
• Consists of:– Lanyard– Anchorage Point– Full Body Harness and Webbing Tie
Off– Lifeline
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Fall Arrest SystemFall Arrest System
Lanyard
A device made of rope, wire or nylon strap used to tether the individual to an anchorage point and stop the individual in the event of a fall.
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LanyardsLanyardsLanyardsLanyards
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Deceleration DevicesDeceleration DevicesDeceleration DevicesDeceleration Devices
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Automatically limit free-fall distance to less than two feet
Be capable of sustaining a minimum tensile load of 3,000 lbs when fully extended
Self-retracting LanyardsSelf-retracting LanyardsSelf-retracting LanyardsSelf-retracting Lanyards
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1. Be inspected prior to use
2. Be protected against being cut or abraded
3. Have a minimum breaking strength of 5,000 lbs
4. Be the appropriate length
5. Be attached to an anchorage, not to itself
1. Be inspected prior to use
2. Be protected against being cut or abraded
3. Have a minimum breaking strength of 5,000 lbs
4. Be the appropriate length
5. Be attached to an anchorage, not to itself
Lanyards shall:
Fall Arrest SystemFall Arrest System
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Lanyards shall
Fall Arrest SystemFall Arrest SystemFall Arrest SystemFall Arrest System
6. Never be attach where there is a possibility of disengagement
7. Be ALWAYS with double locking system
8. Be installed as near above the head as much as possible to avoid swing in the event of fall
9. Do not loop to anchorage, use adaptor
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adaptor
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These durable, chemical resistant lanyards include an inner polyester core that stretches to reduce the arresting force in the event of a fall. The shock absorbing lanyards feature a deceleration distance of 42 inches or less.
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Fall Arrest SystemFall Arrest System
LifelineCan be composed of:
• Vertical
• Horizontal
depending on the condition and type of job involved
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LifelineLifelineLifelineLifeline
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LifelineLifelineLifelineLifeline
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LifelineLifelineLifelineLifeline
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Notes in the Usage of Lifelines
Fall Arrest SystemFall Arrest SystemFall Arrest SystemFall Arrest System
1. Reduce sagging---it adds to height of free fall;
2. Anchored to rigid structure that could withstand 5000 lbs. force;
3. Not too tight that could lead to breakage;
4. Never hook more than one person to it without determining its capacity first.
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Fall ProtectionFall Protection
Anchorage Point
A secure point of attachmentfor lifelines, lanyards or deceleration devices.
Anchorage Point
A secure point of attachmentfor lifelines, lanyards or deceleration devices.
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Anchorage DeviceAnchorage DeviceAnchorage DeviceAnchorage Device
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Fall ProtectionFall ProtectionAnchorage points used forattachment of personal fall arrest equipment shall be:
• Located at or above the employee’s waist
• Capable of supporting more than 5,000 lbs per person
• Designed and built to hold the maximum force of the fall arrest
Anchorage points used forattachment of personal fall arrest equipment shall be:
• Located at or above the employee’s waist
• Capable of supporting more than 5,000 lbs per person
• Designed and built to hold the maximum force of the fall arrest
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Fall ProtectionFall Protection
Full Body Harness:
• The attachment point of a body harness is located in the center of the wearer’s back near shoulder level
• Body belts are not allowed on site
• Snaphooks shall be a double locking-type
Full Body Harness:
• The attachment point of a body harness is located in the center of the wearer’s back near shoulder level
• Body belts are not allowed on site
• Snaphooks shall be a double locking-type
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Body HarnessBody HarnessBody HarnessBody Harness
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Webbing Tie OffWebbing Tie OffWebbing Tie OffWebbing Tie Off
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after a fall arrest, equipment subjected to arresting a fall will be destroyed to ensure that it is not reused check for broken threads/fibers/stitches check for lost of diameter check metal parts for cracks and corrosion clean equipment after use with mild soap air dry equipment, do not hang in direct sunlight store equipment in a cool, dark, dry and well ventilated place inspect the equipment at least twice a year
Care for fall arrest devices:
Fall Arrest SystemFall Arrest SystemFall Arrest SystemFall Arrest System
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3 Factors to Consider
Fall Arrest SystemFall Arrest SystemFall Arrest SystemFall Arrest System
1. Use the right equipment
2. The equipment must be in perfect condition
3. You know how to use it
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4 Components
Fall Arrest SystemFall Arrest SystemFall Arrest SystemFall Arrest System
1. Harness
2. Lanyard
3. Anchorage
4. Lifeline
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Other Types of Other Types of Fall Arrest Fall Arrest
SystemSystem
Other Types of Other Types of Fall Arrest Fall Arrest
SystemSystem
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“When you build a new house, be sure to put a railing around the edge of the roof. Then you will not be responsible if someone falls off and is killed.”
Deuteronomy 22:8
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Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives
Participants will be able to:
• Identify safe and unsafe ladder practices
• Describe correct practices when ascending and descending a ladder
• Discuss proper setting-up of ladders
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Over-reaching from ladders, rather than moving them
Standing ladders on boxes, etc., to gain additional height
Too much haste in climbing or descending
Climbing one-handed while carrying something in the other hand
Standing at the very top of a short ladder, rather getting one long enough for the job
Hanging tools from rudder rungs, or leaving tools on the top of the stepladder
Throwing tools to a fellow worker on a ladder
Placing the ladder at an improper angle
Using metal ladders in locations where contact with electric wire is possible
Using worn or damaged ladders
Failure to secure (tie) the ladder in place
Common Causes of Ladder AccidentCommon Causes of Ladder Accident
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Ladder TypesLadder TypesLadder TypesLadder Types
Straight ladder Step ladder
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Notes on Extension LaddersNotes on Extension LaddersNotes on Extension LaddersNotes on Extension Ladders
at 36’ length must have 3’ overlap
at 36’ – 48’ length must have 4’ overlap
at over 48’ must have 5’ overlap
inspect and test pulleys, springs, rung locks and ropes
use only as access, not as work platform
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Notes on Step LaddersNotes on Step LaddersNotes on Step LaddersNotes on Step Ladders
maximum height must be limited to 20’
never step on the cap or paint shelf
ensure spreaders are fully extended and locked
do not use the last two rungs
cappaint shelf
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Maintain three points of contact with the ladder at all times
Maintain the center line of your body between the ladder’s vertical support rails while working
Check bottom of shoes and ladder rungs for grease and dirt
Always:
Ladder SafetyLadder SafetyLadder SafetyLadder Safety
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Make sure ladder has non-skid pads
Never transfer from one ladder to another, go down the ladder and climb to the other ladder
Ensure only one person on the ladder at a time
Store ladders on their side or secure with a chain or cable when stored in an upright position
Always:
Ladder SafetyLadder SafetyLadder SafetyLadder Safety
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No matter how quickly a job can be No matter how quickly a job can be done, there is always time to fall”done, there is always time to fall”
SAFE UNSAFE
Ladder SafetyLadder SafetyLadder SafetyLadder Safety
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In Ladder SafetyIn Ladder Safety
•
•
Don’t: Do:overreach from a ladder move the ladder
use the top two rungs get a taller ladder
use wood or metal ladders use fiberglass only
move a ladder while on it get down and move the ladder
climb with material use a toolbelt
share a ladder get a 2nd ladder
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Ladder SafetyLadder Safety
Always remember the “Belt-Buckle Rule”
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Ladder SafetyLadder Safety
Follow the 4:1 rule
5 ft.
20 ft.4:1 Rule
4
1
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A minimum of 36 inches overlap is required
Must be secured at the top
Must have a clear area where the feet of the ladder will be positioned
Must have area secured with cones or barrier tape, or have an attendant
Ladder SafetyLadder SafetyLadder SafetyLadder Safety
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Ladder SafetyLadder Safety
Follow these four simple steps inLadder Safety:
• Use the right ladder for the job
• Inspect the ladder
• Set-up the ladder properly
• Follow rules for climbing and using ladders