Fair Use and Copyright in Teaching and Scholarship
-
Upload
molly-keener -
Category
Documents
-
view
727 -
download
0
description
Transcript of Fair Use and Copyright in Teaching and Scholarship
![Page 1: Fair Use and Copyright in Teaching and Scholarship](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061207/54840929b4af9fda438b4996/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
![Page 2: Fair Use and Copyright in Teaching and Scholarship](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061207/54840929b4af9fda438b4996/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Fair Use and Copyrightin Teaching and Scholarship
Molly KeenerScholarly Communication Librarian
Wake Forest UniversityOctober 25, 2012
![Page 3: Fair Use and Copyright in Teaching and Scholarship](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061207/54840929b4af9fda438b4996/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
FAIR USE & COPYRIGHT BASICSIN TEACHINGIN SCHOLARSHIPCOURT CASES’ “CLARITY”
![Page 4: Fair Use and Copyright in Teaching and Scholarship](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061207/54840929b4af9fda438b4996/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
TO UNDERSTAND FAIR USE, FIRST UNDERSTAND ©
![Page 5: Fair Use and Copyright in Teaching and Scholarship](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061207/54840929b4af9fda438b4996/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
What is copyright?
Copyright is a bundle of rights:
• Reproduction• Distribution• Derivative creation(s)• Public performance• Public display
The right to license any of the above to third parties
![Page 6: Fair Use and Copyright in Teaching and Scholarship](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061207/54840929b4af9fda438b4996/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
What copyright protects
Copyright protects…• Writing• Choreography• Music• Visual art• Film• Architectural works
Copyright doesn’t protect…• Ideas• Facts• Titles• Data• Useful articles (that’s
patent)
![Page 7: Fair Use and Copyright in Teaching and Scholarship](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061207/54840929b4af9fda438b4996/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Who owns copyright?
• Individual creator
• Joint creators
• Corporate creators via “work made for hire” – with some exceptions*
And any person or entity to whom copyright is given by the original owner in writing
*Teaching materials & scholarly publications
![Page 8: Fair Use and Copyright in Teaching and Scholarship](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061207/54840929b4af9fda438b4996/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Requirements for protection
• An original work
• Creativity (just a dash)
• Fixed in a tangible medium of expression
![Page 9: Fair Use and Copyright in Teaching and Scholarship](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061207/54840929b4af9fda438b4996/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
How do we get copyright?
• Copyright exists from the moment of creation, and lasts for the life of the author plus 70 years
• You used to need a little c in a circle, and to register your work with the copyright office, but you don’t anymore
Copyright just happens.
![Page 10: Fair Use and Copyright in Teaching and Scholarship](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061207/54840929b4af9fda438b4996/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
As run the sands of time…
• The bundle of copyrights lasts a long time:– Life of the author plus 70 years– For joint works, 70 years after death
of last author– For works for hire or anonymous
works, 95 years from publication or 120 years from creation, whichever expires first
![Page 11: Fair Use and Copyright in Teaching and Scholarship](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061207/54840929b4af9fda438b4996/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
FAIR USE OF COPYRIGHTED WORKS
![Page 12: Fair Use and Copyright in Teaching and Scholarship](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061207/54840929b4af9fda438b4996/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
So what is Fair Use?
• Part of U.S. copyright law17 USC § 107 – Limitations on exclusive rights: Fair Use
• Protects uses of copyrighted works without need for permission
• Types of protected uses include: • Criticism• Comment• News reporting• Teaching (including multiple copies for classroom use)• Scholarship• Research
![Page 13: Fair Use and Copyright in Teaching and Scholarship](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061207/54840929b4af9fda438b4996/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
The “four factors” of Fair Use
1. Purpose: how is it being used?
2. Nature: what type of work is it?
3. Amount: how much of the whole? Heart?
4. Impact: market effect?
5. Transformative use
![Page 14: Fair Use and Copyright in Teaching and Scholarship](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061207/54840929b4af9fda438b4996/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Fair Use and Copyright in Teaching and Scholarship](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061207/54840929b4af9fda438b4996/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
IN TEACHING
![Page 16: Fair Use and Copyright in Teaching and Scholarship](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061207/54840929b4af9fda438b4996/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Teaching-specific uses outlined in law
• Classroom exemptions• More limited than you may think!• Must be in a classroom or similar space, in person, with
only enrolled students, at a non-profit educational institution• NOT online (see below) and NOT distributing copies
(see above), just public performance and display
• TEACH Act• DMCA
• Not explicitly about education, but impacts
![Page 17: Fair Use and Copyright in Teaching and Scholarship](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061207/54840929b4af9fda438b4996/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Other ways to use © works in teaching
• Public domain
• Licenses, such as Creative Commons
• Permissions• Individuals• Publishers
• Your own works*
• FAIR USE!
![Page 18: Fair Use and Copyright in Teaching and Scholarship](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061207/54840929b4af9fda438b4996/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Scenarios for discussion
1. A faculty member downloads an article from a library database and posts in Sakai for students to read.
2. A student includes an image found online in a class presentation.
3. A faculty member creates a website from class work and includes work of former students.
![Page 19: Fair Use and Copyright in Teaching and Scholarship](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061207/54840929b4af9fda438b4996/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
IN SCHOLARSHIP
![Page 20: Fair Use and Copyright in Teaching and Scholarship](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061207/54840929b4af9fda438b4996/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Managing copyright when publishing
• Copyright can be transferred only in writing
• Licensing allows specific rights to be retained:• Authors keep copyright and license other rights
(e.g., first publication)• Publishers take copyright and license rights back
(e.g., reproduction, derivatives)
• Negotiating rights retention is beneficial
• Open Access publishers usually do not require full transfer of copyright
![Page 21: Fair Use and Copyright in Teaching and Scholarship](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061207/54840929b4af9fda438b4996/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
The secrets of reuse
• By the author• If specific rights retained, reuse is possible• If no rights retained, then Fair Use or by
permission
• By others• If published open access, then freely accessible –
and possibly more• If published under a Creative Commons license,
then within limits defined by the license• If published traditionally, then Fair Use or by
permission
![Page 22: Fair Use and Copyright in Teaching and Scholarship](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061207/54840929b4af9fda438b4996/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Scenarios for discussion
1. A PI is listed as an author on an article, even though her direct contributions came through lab research, not writing.
2. A graduate student wishes to include two published articles as chapters in his dissertation.
3. A faculty member wants to create a database of indexed articles for text-mining.
![Page 23: Fair Use and Copyright in Teaching and Scholarship](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061207/54840929b4af9fda438b4996/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
SO WHAT HAVE THE COURTS HAD TO SAY?
![Page 24: Fair Use and Copyright in Teaching and Scholarship](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061207/54840929b4af9fda438b4996/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Georgia State University
• Filed in 2008, verdict in 2012
• Infringement found in only 5 of 99 instances
• Subsequent semester use still fair
• Fair Use victory, with limitations• “Bright-line” rule of 10% or 1 chapter, excluding heart• Only alleged infringement with scholarly books
• Plaintiffs (Cambridge UP, Oxford UP & SAGE) intend to appeal
![Page 25: Fair Use and Copyright in Teaching and Scholarship](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061207/54840929b4af9fda438b4996/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Google Books
• Filed in 2005, partially settled in 2012
• Original settlement rejected in 2011
• Little change for users
• Not a Fair Use victory, as Fair Use not argued
• Authors Guild suit still open, pending class action appeal
![Page 26: Fair Use and Copyright in Teaching and Scholarship](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061207/54840929b4af9fda438b4996/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
HathiTrust
• Filed in 2011, dismissed on summary judgment in 2012
• Resounding Fair Use victory
• Argument that library-specific provision in copyright law negates Fair Use rejected
• Appeal on summary judgment dismissal more difficult than standard trial appeal
![Page 27: Fair Use and Copyright in Teaching and Scholarship](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061207/54840929b4af9fda438b4996/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Attribution• Slide 5: “Bundles” http://www.flickr.com/photos/fboyd/2156630044/ • Slide 14: “Seesaw” http://www.flickr.com/photos/nzgabriel/2607065194/ • Slide 28: “sensitive noise / obvious 2” http://flic.kr/p/8HDJ5B
This work is partially based on work created by Molly Keener and Kevin Smith for the ACRL Scholarly Communication 101 Road Show, and was last updated on October 24, 2012 by Molly Keener. It is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 United States License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 171 Second Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, California, 94105, USA.