FACULTYOF Dentistry FACULTY OF Dentistry ORAL BIOLOGY DEPARTEMENT FACULTYOF Dentistry FACULTY OF...

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FACULTY FACULTY OF Dentistry OF Dentistry ORAL BIOLOGY DEPARTEMENT

Transcript of FACULTYOF Dentistry FACULTY OF Dentistry ORAL BIOLOGY DEPARTEMENT FACULTYOF Dentistry FACULTY OF...

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FACULTYFACULTY OF DentistryOF DentistryORAL BIOLOGY DEPARTEMENT

FACULTYFACULTY OF DentistryOF DentistryORAL BIOLOGY DEPARTEMENT

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The DentitionsTooth Anatomy( macroanatomy)

Tooth Anatomy (microanatomy)Anatomy Of The Pulp CavityJunctions Of Tooth TissuesThe Periodontium Functions Of Teeth Tooth SurfacesLine And Point AnglesDivision Into ThirdsTooth Identification SystemAnatomical Landmarks Of The CrownOther Terms

2- The External Morphology And Internal 2- The External Morphology And Internal Composition Of The Individual Teeth.Composition Of The Individual Teeth.

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HUMAN DENTITION

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- Teeth Are Arranged In The Oral Cavity In Two Arches Called TheDental Arches One

Lower And One Upper .- The Upper Arch Is Called TheMaxillaMaxilla

The Teeth In This Arch Are Called Upper Upper Or OrMaxillary TeethMaxillary Teeth..

- The Lower Arch Is Called TheMandibleMandible The Teeth In This Arch Are CalledLowerLower Or Or

Mandibular TeethMandibular Teeth..

- Each Dental Arch Has A Midline That Divides The Arch Into Two Approximately Equal Right And Left Segments Named As

Quadrant. - There AreFour Quadrants In The Entire

Oral Cavity.

-Teeth Are Arranged In The Oral Cavity In Two Arches Called The Dental Arches One

Lower And One Upper .-The Upper Arch Is Called The MaxillaMaxilla

The Teeth In This Arch Are Called Upper Upper Or Or Maxillary TeethMaxillary Teeth..

-The Lower Arch Is Called The MandibleMandible The Teeth In This Arch Are Called LowerLower Or Or

Mandibular TeethMandibular Teeth..

-Each Dental Arch Has A Midline That Divides The Arch Into Two Approximately Equal Right And Left Segments Named As

Quadrant. -There Are Four Quadrants In The Entire

Oral Cavity.

Dental arches and quadrant Dental arches and quadrant

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INTRODUCTION

Dental Anatomy Includes:

1 -The Surface Form Of The Oral Cavity.

2 -The External Morphology And Internal Composition Of The Individual Teeth.

3 -The Relationship Of The Teeth To Each Other And To The Skull Bone .

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Types& Grouping of Teeth

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The Oral Cavity contains Fourtypes : Of Teethin each quadrant

11--IncisorsIncisors:: - ,There is two incisorscentral incisor

andlateralincisor .22--CaninesCanines::

- There is onecanine. 33--PremolarsPremolars::

,There are two premolars- First andsecond .premolar

44--MolarsMolars:: ,There are three molars- First ,molar

second molar andthird.molar

-The incisors and canines are considered togetheranterior teeth .since they are closer to the midline

-Molars and premolars are consideredposterior teeth since.they are farther from the midline

The Oral Cavity contains Four types Of Teeth : in each quadrant

11--IncisorsIncisors:: -There is two incisors, central incisor

and lateral incisor.22--CaninesCanines::

-There is one canine. 33--PremolarsPremolars::

-There are two premolars, First and second premolar.

44--MolarsMolars::-There are three molars, First molar,

second molar and third molar.

-The incisors and canines are considered together anterior teeth since they are closer to the midline.

- Molars and premolars are considered posterior teeth since they are farther from the midline.

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The DentitionsHumans have two dentitions

1-The primary dentition1-The primary dentition: ): )deciduous deciduous ((

20 teeth. 10 maxillary and 10 mandibular .5 teeth are present in each quadrant.

2 incisors.1 canine .

and 2 molars.The premolars not present in deciduous dentition.The dental formula is:

2 1 2 I --- C ---- M ---- = 10 2 1 2)In one side x 2 = 20 tooth

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2-The permanent dentition2-The permanent dentition::))secondary, adultsecondary, adult or orsuccedaneoussuccedaneous ( (32 teeth, 16 maxillary and 16 mandibular.8 teeth in each quadrant 2 incisors. 1 canine. 2 premolars. and 3 molars. The dental formula is : 2 1 2 3 I ---- C ---- PM --- M ---- = 16 2 1 2 3 )In one side x 2 = 32 toothThe permanent molarspermanent molars are not preceded with deciduous teethso they may be termed as non-non-succedaneous teethsuccedaneous teeth.

The DentitionsThe Dentitions

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The DentitionsThe Dentitions

Humans have two dentitions1-The primary dentition1-The primary dentition: ): )deciduous deciduous ((

20 teeth. 10 maxillary and 10 mandibular .5 teeth are present in each quadrant.

2 incisors, 1 canine and 2 molars.The dental formula is:

2 1 2 I --- C ---- M ---- = 10 In each side of the mouth 2 1 22-The permanent dentition2-The permanent dentition: ): )secondary, adultsecondary, adult or or succedaneoussuccedaneous ( (

32 teeth, 16 maxillary and 16 mandibular,8 teeth in each quadrant are present,

2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars and 3 molars .The dental formula is:

2 1 2 3 I ---- C ---- PM --- M ---- = 16 In each side of the mouth 2 1 2 3 The permanent molarspermanent molars are not preceded with deciduous

teeth so they may be termed as non-succedaneous teethnon-succedaneous teeth.

SUMMERY

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DENTITION Periods

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Primary dentition 6 m - 6 y

Mixed dentition 6 y -12 y

Permanent dentition 12 y and up

SheddingShedding: : It is the It is the physiological loss physiological loss of the deciduous of the deciduous teeth and their teeth and their subsequent subsequent replacement by replacement by permanent teethpermanent teeth..

SheddingShedding : : It is the It is the physiological loss physiological loss of the deciduous of the deciduous teeth and their teeth and their subsequent subsequent replacement by replacement by

permanent teethpermanent teeth..

DeciduousDeciduous

PermanentPermanent

MixMixeded

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1- Primary dentition 6 m - 6 y

3- Permanent dentition 12 y and up

2- Mixed dentition 6 y - 12 y

X – RayShowing

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Each tooth has three anatomical parts:

I.Crown

II.The Neck: cervical line or cemento-enamel junction (CEJ).

II.Root )s(

Tooth AnatomyTooth Anatomy1- Macro-anatomy of the tooth

Enamel

Cementum

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Teeth May Be Divided According To The Number Of RootsTeeth May Be Divided According To The Number Of Roots

Single rooted teeth(Anterior teeth & premolars

except upper first premolars)

The undividedportion of the root is called:Root Trunk.

Multirooted teeth

2 roots 3 roots

Lower molars Upper molars

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Tooth AnatomyTooth Anatomy2- Micro-anatomy of the tooth

-Three calcified tissues: Enamel Dentin Cementum

+ One soft specialized connective tissue: PulpPulp..

-Three calcified tissues: Enamel Dentin Cementum

+ One soft specialized connective tissue: PulpPulp..

Cementum

Periodontal

Ligament

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Enamel: Covers dentin in the crown, The Most Mineralized Tissue in the body, Transparent, and Yellowish White in color

Cementum: Covers dentin in the root, acts as a Medium For Tooth Attachment, Dull Yellowish in color .

Dentin: Surrounds The Pulp Cavities, Underlying Enamel and Cement, it is Softer than Enamel, but harder than Dentin Yellowish in color.

Pulp: Soft Connective Tissue present In The Pulp Cavity, Contains blood vessels(nourishment) & nerve Supply of the Tooth(sensation).

SUMMARY

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Anatomy Of The Pulp Cavity

1 - Pulp chamber and pulp horns present in the crown, also called coronal pulp

2 - Root canal

radicular pulp, present in the root, end at the apical foramen and sometimes in accessory canals

Note: Many roots may be formed with more than one canal, which may end in a

common foramen.

Consists Of Two Parts

Pulp Horn

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The PeriodontiumIs The Investing And Supporting

Attachment System Of Teeth .

It consists of:

Two Soft Tissues Two Hard Tissues

1 -Gingiva The Oral Mucous Membrane, Which

Covers The Neck Of The Tooth

And Part Of The Alveolar Bone

2 -Periodontal Ligament Strong Ligament that Attaches

The Tooth To The Alveolar Bone

1 -CementumCovers The Anatomical

Root Of The Tooth

2 -Alveolar Bone The Bone Of The Jaw That

Surrounds The Root Of The Tooth

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Clinical Crown

Anatomical Root

Clinical Root

Anatomical Crown

Anatomical And Clinical Crown And Root

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Anatomical And Clinical Crown And Root

Gingival Recession Gingival Recession

Anatomical crown

Part of the Anatomical root

Clinical Crown

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C.C.A.C.

C.R.

A.R.

C.C

C.R.

A.C.

A.R.

CR

OW

N

CR

OW

N

RO

OT

RO

OT

Gingival Recession

Newly Erupted Teeth

Anatomical And Clinical Crown And Root

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Functions Of Teeth

1- Mastication: It is the most important function of the teeth. The teeth are designed to perform this function.

IncisorsIncisors CanineCanine PremolarsPremolars MolarsMolars

Chisel like Cutting or

incising

Wedge like Piercing and

Tearing

At least two projections

(cusps.) Tearing and

grinding

Multiple projections (cusps )

Grinding

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4 -Growth of jaws:The teeth play a role in the growth of the jaws in some periods of life.

2- Appearance: -Well arranged clean teeth with proper alignment give nice appearance to the face.

– Teeth give support to the facial expressions.

-Posterior teeth sustain the vertical dimension of the face

3- Speech: Teeth are important for clear pronunciation and for production of sound.

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1( Palmer Notation System:It represents the four quadrants of the dentition as if you facing the patient.

In upper right In upper left In lower right In lower left

The permanent teeth are numbered from 1-8 on each side from the midline. Upper right Upper left

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Lower right Lower left

The deciduous teeth are lettered from A-E on each side from the midline .

Upper right Upper left E D C B A A B C D E E D C B A A B C D E Lower right Lower left

Tooth Identification System

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This system utilizes simple bracketsto represent the 4 quadrants of thedentition as if you facing the patient.

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The teeth are designed by using two-digit systems:a. The first digit of the code is located at the left side of the number and

indicates the quadrant.

In the permanent dentition. In the deciduous dentition. U.R. 1 2 U.L. U.R. 5 6 U.L

L.R. 4 3 L. L. L.R. 8 7 L.L.

Permanent teeth18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38

Deciduous teeth 55 54 53 52 51 61 62 63 64 65

85 84 83 82 81 71 72 73 74 75

2 -The international numbering system )the two digit system(

b- The second digit is located at the right side of the number and indicates the number of the tooth in the quadrant.

The two digits should be pronounced separately.

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3(The universal numbering system )American numbering system(:.

The number is always preceded by the sign # to designate that the system is used for universal system.

Permanent teeth )1 – 32( Starting with the maxillary right third molar to the mandibular right third molar.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17

Deciduous teeth )A - T( Starting with the maxillary right second molar to the

mandibular right second molar.

A B C D E F G H I J

T S R Q P O N M L K

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THANK YOUTHANK YOU