FACULTY OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 2015-2016 FALL SEMESTER ASSOC.PROF.DR....
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Transcript of FACULTY OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 2015-2016 FALL SEMESTER ASSOC.PROF.DR....
FACULTY OF ENGINEERINGDEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
2015-2016 FALL SEMESTER
ASSOC.PROF.DR. İBRAHİM YİTMEN
CIVL 493 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
CONSTRUCTION
• Engineering and construction
are a unique combination of
specific need and specific
design in a process that yields
an engineered work.
• Civilizations are built by
construction efforts.
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CONSTRUCTION
• Civil Engineers
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• Military Engineers
CIVL 493 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
STRUCTURE OF THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
• Building ConstructionFacilities commonly built for habitational, institutional, educational, light industrial (e.g. warehousing), commercial, social and recreational purposes.
• Heavy ConstructionHighway construction, sewage plants, utility projects, dams, pipelines, airports and waterways.
• Industrial ConstructionManufacturing and production units. In some cases, specialty firms perform both design and construction under a single contract for the owner/client.
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SKYSCRAPERS
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AIRPORTS
• Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport, Phoenix, AZ
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HIGHWAYS
• Dwight D. Eisenhower Interstate Highway
System (1956)
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INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS
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INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS
• 1920’s industrial buildings were being constructed
with skeleton framing and curtain walls
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INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS
• Concrete building systems have also been developed. • cast-in-place
• precast
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WHAT IS A CONSTRUCTION PROJECT?
• A construction project consists of a series of tasks that have the following characteristics:
• Specific start and end dates;• Defined scope and objectives;• Budget and schedule;• Unique and non-repetitive (particular mega
projects);• Consumes resources (e.g. money, materials,
people (manpower), equipment (machines) and time (minutes).
CIVL 493 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
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Project Management is the overall planning,
control and coordination of a project from
inception to completion aimed at meeting the
client’s requirements and ensuring completion on
time, within cost and to the required quality
standards.
CIVL 493 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
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PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Schedule
QualityBudget
ProjectManagement
CIVL 493 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
Time
Fund
ENDPRODUCT
Material
GOALS
Labor
Equipment
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Ø PlanningØ Executing Ø Controling
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ELEMENTS OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT
CIVL 493 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
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PLANNING
• Set objectives• Survey
resources· Form strategy
CONTROLLING
• Measure achievements against goals
• Report
· Resolve problems
EXECUTING
• Allocating resources
· Guide execution· Co-ordinate effort· Motivate staff
MANAGERIAL CYCLE
CIVL 493 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
PLANNING
a) The first task of planning is to establish the objectives to be achieved in a project.
The following is a list of possible objectives:
successful completion of a project; this means on time within budget in compliance with contract documents and specifications.
improved productivity improved or new construction technology improved public relations improved/changed company image
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CIVL 493 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
PLANNING (CONTINUED)
b. Once the objectives are established, a plan must be developed aimed at meeting these objectives.
There are many methods and techniques for the planning and scheduling in use: Bar chart Network (CPM) Line of balance
And there are also many package programmes such as Microsoft Project, Primavera etc.
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CIVL 493 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
EXECUTINGAllocating resources: After the plan is developed,
necessary resources have to be provided and allocated to this plan.
Allocation of resources to a plan is another important function of management.
Let us review these resources briefly (5 M’s): Minute (Time)
Money (Cost)
Manpower: managers, staff, labourers
Materials: should be supplied on time in sufficient quantities and quality, in compliance with specifications.
Machinery: plant, equipment 18
CIVL 493 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
EXECUTING (CONTINUED)
• It is the allocation of resources that makes a
construction plan into a construction schedule
and that gets the work to be executed and
completed according to the plan.
• Once the resources are brought to the site, then
guide execution, co ordinate effort, and
motivating the staff become key to successful
completion of the plan.19
CIVL 493 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
CONTROLINGA project control system has to be established to achieve:Time control
Cost control
Quality control
Safety control
Good management enables to run the construction operations successfully and it also enables management to detect deviations from the original plan. Reports
Resolve problems20
CIVL 493 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
Initiating Processes
Initiating Processes
Closing Processes
Closing Processes
Executing Processes
Executing Processes
Planning Processes
Planning Processes
Controlling Processes
Controlling Processes
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CIVL 493 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
PARTIES TO THE CONSTRUCTION PROJECT
a. Client (owner)
b. The users
c. The designers
d. The executers
e. Public authorities and agencies
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CIVL 493 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
a. Client
The word is used for the organisation which needs the end product and has the authority (and the money) to order and approve it. Individual
Organisation
Government
b. The users
They are the people who must operate and maintain the facilities which have been provided.
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CIVL 493 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
PARTIES TO THE CONSTRUCTION PROJECT
c. The designers
These are the architects and specialists responsible for translating the client's requirements into reality. The designing team is composed of: Architects,
Structural engineers in the design of the structure,
Draughtsmen to produce working drawings from the sketches,
Electrical engineers in the design of power and lighting supplies
Civil engineers in the design of access roads, earthworks, etc.
Quantity surveyors in the preparation of estimates and tender documents.
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CIVL 493 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
PARTIES TO THE CONSTRUCTION PROJECT
d. The executors
These are the people who undertake the physical construction, who in many cases will be private contractors.
e. Public authorities and agencies
All buildings must fulfil statutory requirements regarding construction permissions, standards and safety.
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CIVL 493 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
PARTIES TO THE CONSTRUCTION PROJECT
STAGES AND ASPECTS OF CONSTRUCTION
A construction project includes five stages from the time when the decision is made to implement the construction project until the project becomes a reality.
The stages of a construction project are:i. Briefing ii. Designing iii. Tendering iv. Constructing v. Commissioning
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CIVL 493 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
a) Purpose:
To enable the client to specify project functions and permissible costs.
b) Activities:i. Set up a work plan and appoint designers and
specialists
ii. Consider user requirements, locations and site
conditions, planning, designing, estimated costs,
quality requirements.
iii. Ensure the preparation of:Sketches at scale of 1/10, 1/1000, 1/3500
Cost estimates and implications
A plan for implementation27
Briefing Stage
CIVL 493 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
c) Participants: Architect,
Civil Engineer,
Structural Engineer,
Electrical Engineer,
Mechanical Engineer.
The link between them is often provided by a project management team created for the duration of the project.
The team is normally headed by a project manager, who is responsible to the client for the execution of the project.
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Briefing Stage (continued)
CIVL 493 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
a) Purpose:To complete the project brief and determine the
design, methods of construction and estimate costs.
To prepare the necessary production information, including working drawings and specifications and to complete all arrangements for obtaining tenders.
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Designing Stage
CIVL 493 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
b) Activities:
Activities at this stage include:
i. Finalizing project,
ii. Investigating technical problems,
iii. Obtaining the clients final approval,
iv. Preparing:A scheme design including cost estimates,
A detail design,
Working drawings, specifications and schedules,
Bill of quantities,
A final cost estimate,
Preliminary production programme, including time-schedule.30
Designing Stage (continued)
CIVL 493 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
c) Participants:
Depending on the nature and the complexity of the project, the design team should include the following:
Project manager,Architect (buildings),Quantity surveyor,Civil, structural, mechanical and electrical engineers,Some specialists such as health and safety officials,
organisational planners etc.User representative.
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Designing Stage (continued)
CIVL 493 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
a) Purpose:
To find the proper contractor to undertake the site construction works.
b) Activities: Call for tendering (newspaper, TV)
Establish a committee to adjust the tender
As a project manager, you will provide all data to the client and let select the contractor.
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Tendering Stage
CIVL 493 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
c) Participants:
In the case of government projects, the project management team may be expected to give technical support by:
i. Providing the necessary contract documents,
ii. Providing a basis for pre-qualification of tenderers,
iii. Checking that the tenders are arithmetically correct and conform to tender requirements.
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Tendering Stage (continued)
CIVL 493 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
a) Purpose:To construct the structure within agreed limits of cost and time and to specified quality.
b) Activities:To plan, co-ordinate and control site operations. Production planning includes the formulation of:
i. Time-schedules,
ii. Site organisation,
iii. A manpower plan ,
iv. A plant and equipment plan,
v. A material delivery plan.
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Construction Stage
CIVL 493 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
Site operations include: All temporary and permanent construction works and the supply of
all built-in furniture and equipment.
The co-ordination of subcontractors.
c) Participants: Site engineers
Workers
Normally, direct responsibility rests with the contractor.
The project manager and his team must arrange for adequate supervision of the work to ensure requirements.
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Construction Stage (continued)
CIVL 493 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
a) Purpose: To ensure that the building (structure) has been completed as
specified in the contract documents, and that all the facilities work properly.
To provide a record of the actual construction, its cost, together with operating instructions.
To train staff in the use of the facilities provided.
b) Records:During construction, difficulties may arise which result in changes to the original design.
Records of these changes will be kept during construction, mainly for financial reasons.
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Commissioning Stage
CIVL 493 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
c) Activities: Prepare “as-built" records, Inspect the construction thoroughly and have defects
remedied, Start up, test and adjust all services, Prepare operating instructions and maintenance manuals, Train staff,The commissioning stage is the transition period between the construction and the occupation and use of the building (structure).
d) Participants: Project management team, Operating staff.
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Commissioning Stage (continued)
CIVL 493 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT