General Chemistry Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences (MGGC-101)&(GRGC-101)
Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences
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Transcript of Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences
Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences
Organic chemistry(MGOC-101)
Supervision:Prof.Dr.Shehata El-Sewedy
Dr.Fatma Ahmed
Classification and nomenclature of organic compound
Outcomes By the end of this lecture, the
students will be able to1-Recognize classification and nomenclature
of organic compound2-Known the different functional group of
organic chemistry3 -learn rule for aromaticity
4 -known chemical bonds and bond fission6-Differentiate between aliphatic and
aromatic compound
Organic compounds contain only two elements hydrogen and carbon. Hydrocarbons
Aliphatic Aromatic
Saturated Un saturated cyclic
Alkanes(Paraff ines)
CnH2n+2
ex: CH3CH3
Ethane
Alkenes(Olifens)
CnH2n
ex:H2C CH2
Ethylene
Alkynes(Acetylenes)
CnH2n-2
ex:HC CHAcetylene
Cyclic rings aliphatic compounds
ex:Cyclohexene
benzene
ex:
a.Aromatic compounds G
G= any functional group H, CH3, Cl, OH, CHO,COOH,.........
*Aromatic compounds must have-:
1-High degree of unsaturation2-Planar arrangement of Pz orbitals to
make resonance3-High degree of stability due to
conjugation4-Resistance for addition reactions
5-Cyclic*6-Obey Hückel Rule-:
This is rule for aromaticity
Aromaticity
Hückel Rule-: This is rule for
aromaticity
The number of π- electrons= 4n+2
Where n=0, 1, 2, 3, ………
Integral number
Cyclopentadiene
4n+2=4 n=0.5 Not aromatic
Cyclopentadienyl cation
4n+2=4 n=0.5 Not aromatic
Cyclopentadienyl anion
4n+2=6 n=1 aromatic
4n+2=6 n=1 aromatic
4n+2=6 n=1 aromatic
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b.Aliphatic compounds
R G
G= any functional group H, Cl, OH, COOH,CHO,.........
R= H, CH3,.........
IUPAC SYSTEMPrefix+ Infix + Suffix
1-Prefix Gives the number of
carbon atoms of the parent chain Prefix No. of carbon
Meth- 1
Eth- 2
Prop- 3
But- 4
Pent- 5
Hex- 6
Hept- 7
Oct- 8
Non- 9
Dec- 10
2-Infix
Gives the nature of carbon –carbon
Bond in the parent chain.
Infix Type of C-C bond
-an-
-en-
-yn-
C C
C C
C C
3-SuffixGives the class type of organic compound
Suffix Function group Class of compound
-e Hydrocarbon
-ol OH Alcohol
-al -CHO Aldehydes
-one -CO- Ketones
-oic -COOH Carboxylic acid
-ate -COOR Esters
-NH2 Amines
Ex: CH3-CH3 Ethane
CH3-CH2-CH2-C-H
O
Butanal
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-C-OH
O
Pentanoic
THE STRUCTURAL THEORY OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Atoms or elements in organic compound can form afixed number of bonds (valence ):
Carbon atoms can be bonded to each other by:
( δ( ), δ π( ),2δ π)
Hybridization It means mixing of atomic orbitals in
the atom to generate new atomic orbitals called hybrid orbitals
Angle Geometry Type
109.5° Tetrahedral SP3
120° Planer SP2
180° linear SP
Bond polarityPolar bond: bond between two different atoms such as H-Cl , H-FNon polar bond: bond between two same elements such as H-H, F-F
Bond fission It is the breaking of bond
A B A + B
A B A + Bcation anion
There two types of bond fission1(Homolytic fission
One electron to each atom so homolytic fission gives free radicals and it occurs in presence of heat, light or peroxide
2(Heterolytic fission The two bond electrons move to one atom so heterolytic fission
gives anion & cation and it occurs in presence of polar solvent
Quiz time
A B
Which of the following structures are aromatic according to Hückel's rule?
Mention types of bond fission?
Student Question
1-Which of the following structures are aromatic according to Hückel's rule?
A B
C D E
C-Bond fission
B-Bond polarity
A- valence
3-Explain and give example
2-Mention types of bond fission?
Assignment
Group A
Ibrahim El-Said , Ibrahim Shahaat , Ibrahim Abd-El Aatti, Ibrahim Mohammad , Ahmad El-Said
Chemical bonds
Ahmad Khaled , Ahmad Rada , Ahmad Zain El Abdin , Ahmad Sami , Ahmad Saeed
Uses of Alkene in Industry
Group B
Abd El-Rahman Hamdi , Abd El Rahman Abd El Moneim , Abd El Rahman Ali , Abdallah Mohammad , Abdallah Mostafa
Aromatic Plants
Abeer El Said , Abeer Salah , Ali Hassan , Ali Mahmoud , Fadi Abd El Salam
Effect of Benzene on human Health
Recommended textbooks:
1-Raymond Chang. Chemistry: An introduction to organic chemistry. 10th ed. 2009 2008
2-Zumdehl. Organic Chemistry; study guide and solution manual. 2008