Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences

Organic chemistry(MGOC-101)

Supervision:Prof.Dr.Shehata El-Sewedy

Dr.Fatma Ahmed

Classification and nomenclature of organic compound

Outcomes By the end of this lecture, the

students will be able to1-Recognize classification and nomenclature

of organic compound2-Known the different functional group of

organic chemistry3 -learn rule for aromaticity

4 -known chemical bonds and bond fission6-Differentiate between aliphatic and

aromatic compound

Organic compounds contain only two elements hydrogen and carbon. Hydrocarbons

Aliphatic Aromatic

Saturated Un saturated cyclic

Alkanes(Paraff ines)

CnH2n+2

ex: CH3CH3

Ethane

Alkenes(Olifens)

CnH2n

ex:H2C CH2

Ethylene

Alkynes(Acetylenes)

CnH2n-2

ex:HC CHAcetylene

Cyclic rings aliphatic compounds

ex:Cyclohexene

benzene

ex:

a.Aromatic compounds G

G= any functional group H, CH3, Cl, OH, CHO,COOH,.........

*Aromatic compounds must have-:

1-High degree of unsaturation2-Planar arrangement of Pz orbitals to

make resonance3-High degree of stability due to

conjugation4-Resistance for addition reactions

5-Cyclic*6-Obey Hückel Rule-:

This is rule for aromaticity

Aromaticity

Hückel Rule-: This is rule for

aromaticity

The number of π- electrons= 4n+2

Where n=0, 1, 2, 3, ………

Integral number

Cyclopentadiene

4n+2=4 n=0.5 Not aromatic

Cyclopentadienyl cation

4n+2=4 n=0.5 Not aromatic

Cyclopentadienyl anion

4n+2=6 n=1 aromatic

4n+2=6 n=1 aromatic

4n+2=6 n=1 aromatic

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b.Aliphatic compounds

R G

G= any functional group H, Cl, OH, COOH,CHO,.........

R= H, CH3,.........

IUPAC SYSTEMPrefix+ Infix + Suffix

1-Prefix Gives the number of

carbon atoms of the parent chain Prefix No. of carbon

Meth- 1

Eth- 2

Prop- 3

But- 4

Pent- 5

Hex- 6

Hept- 7

Oct- 8

Non- 9

Dec- 10

2-Infix

Gives the nature of carbon –carbon

Bond in the parent chain.

Infix Type of C-C bond

-an-     

  

-en- 

 

-yn-    

C C

C C

C C

3-SuffixGives the class type of organic compound

Suffix Function group Class of compound

-e   Hydrocarbon

-ol OH Alcohol

-al -CHO Aldehydes

-one -CO- Ketones

-oic -COOH Carboxylic acid

-ate -COOR Esters

  -NH2 Amines

Ex: CH3-CH3 Ethane

CH3-CH2-CH2-C-H

O

Butanal

CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-C-OH

O

Pentanoic

THE STRUCTURAL THEORY OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Atoms or elements in organic compound can form afixed number of bonds (valence ):

Carbon atoms can be bonded to each other by:

( δ( ), δ π( ),2δ π)

Hybridization It means mixing of atomic orbitals in

the atom to generate new atomic orbitals called hybrid orbitals

Angle Geometry Type

109.5° Tetrahedral SP3

120° Planer SP2

180° linear SP

Bond polarityPolar bond: bond between two different atoms such as H-Cl , H-FNon polar bond: bond between two same elements such as H-H, F-F

Bond fission It is the breaking of bond

A B A + B

A B A + Bcation anion

There two types of bond fission1(Homolytic fission

One electron to each atom so homolytic fission gives free radicals and it occurs in presence of heat, light or peroxide

2(Heterolytic fission The two bond electrons move to one atom so heterolytic fission

gives anion & cation and it occurs in presence of polar solvent

Quiz time

A B

Which of the following structures are aromatic according to Hückel's rule?

Mention types of bond fission?

Student Question

1-Which of the following structures are aromatic according to Hückel's rule?

A B

C D E

C-Bond fission

B-Bond polarity

A- valence

3-Explain and give example

2-Mention types of bond fission?

Assignment

Group A

Ibrahim El-Said , Ibrahim Shahaat , Ibrahim Abd-El Aatti, Ibrahim Mohammad , Ahmad El-Said

Chemical bonds

Ahmad Khaled , Ahmad Rada , Ahmad Zain El Abdin , Ahmad Sami , Ahmad Saeed

Uses of Alkene in Industry

Group B

Abd El-Rahman Hamdi , Abd El Rahman Abd El Moneim , Abd El Rahman Ali , Abdallah Mohammad , Abdallah Mostafa

Aromatic Plants

Abeer El Said , Abeer Salah , Ali Hassan , Ali Mahmoud , Fadi Abd El Salam

Effect of Benzene on human Health

Recommended textbooks:

1-Raymond Chang. Chemistry: An introduction to organic chemistry. 10th ed. 2009 2008

2-Zumdehl. Organic Chemistry; study guide and solution manual. 2008