Facts and figures, policy strategies and stakeholders · Förderprogramm „Integration durch...

www.netzwerk-iq.de I © 2017 Förderprogramm „Integration durch Qualifizierung (IQ)“

Migrants in the German labour market

Facts and figures, policy strategies and stakeholders

Leaders’ Roundtable on ImmigrationBerlin, 7 March 2017

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1. Immigration to Germany

2. Integration in the labour market

3. Policy strategies

4. Main stakeholders

Summary

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1. Immigration to Germany

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EU citizens(846,039)

Refugees(449,826)

Labour migration

(38,836)

Student migration

(99,087)

Family reunification

(72,659)

International gross migration to Germany 2015(Source: Federal Office for Migration and Refugees 2016, Data of the Federal Statistical Office) © Minor


1.a. Typology of migration flows

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International gross migration to Germany by purpose of migration type in 2015(Source: Federal Office for Migration and Refugees 2016) © Minor

55,9 %

4,8 %0,4 %

29,2 %

0,5 %2,6 %

6,5 %

Internal migration within the EU

Family reunification

Ethnic German resettlers (incl. family membersand Jewish immigrants)

Asylum seekers

Resettlement and humanitarian admissionprogrammes

Labour migration

Student migration


1.b. Migration flow dynamics

5

0

500.000

1.000.000

1.500.000

2.000.000

19

91

19

92

19

93

19

94

19

95

19

96

19

97

19

98

19

99

20

00

20

01

20

02

20

03

20

04

20

05

20

06

20

07

20

08

20

09

20

10

20

11

20

12

20

13

20

14

20

15

Immigrants Emigrants

International net migration to Germany from 1991 to 2015(Source: Federal Office for Migration and Refugees 2016, Data of the Federal Statistical Office) © Minor


1.c. Regions of origin

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international net migration to Germany by region of origin from 2007 to 2015(Source: Federal Statistical Office 2016) © Minor

-100.000

0

100.000

200.000

300.000

400.000

500.000

600.000

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

European Union

Other european countries

Africa

America

Asia

Australia / Oceania

Undetermined


1.d. Asylum applicants: countries of origin

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Number of asylum applications in Germany by country of origin in 2016(Source: Federal Office for Migration and Refugees 2017) © Minor

12.234

12.916

14.922

15.528

17.236

19.103

26.872

97.162

127.892

268.866

0 50.000 100.000 150.000 200.000 250.000 300.000

Russian Federation

Nigeria

Undetermined

Pakistan

Albania

Eritrea

Iran

Iraq

Afghanistan

Syria


1.e. Asylum applicants: decisions of the Federal Office

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Decisions of the Federal Office on asylum applications in 2015 and 2016(Source: Federal Office for Migration and Refugees 2017) © Minor

36,8

48,5

22,1

0,6

3,5

0,7

25

32,4

12,6

17,8

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

2016

2015

Refugee protection / entitlement to asylum Subsidiary protection

Ban on deportation Rejection of the application

Other procedures


2. Labour market integration

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Labour force participation

rate

Unemployment

rate

Skill requirement

level


Significant differences betweenimmigrant groups

Different prerequisites and conditions

Highest employment rate: EU citizens(free movement)

Lowest employment rate: nationals fromAsian and African countries of origin, considered volatile

Reversed figures for unemployment rate

2.a. Labour force participation

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Labour force participation rate of German and Non-German citizens(Source: Federal Employment Agency, Institute for Employment Research 2016) © Minor

15,1

48,5

54,8

45,6

66,9

0 % 20 % 40 % 60 % 80 %

… From Asian and African countries considered volatile

… From Non-EU Balkan states

… From the European Union

Foreign workers…

German nationals


2.a. Level of skills utilized in the work place

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Skill requirement level of German and Non-German workers(Source: Federal Employment Agency 2016) © Minor

41

37

52,1

45,4

29,8

36,2

39,6

12,8

43,4

53,9

40,2

44,7

53,9

47,7

46,2

60,6

4,8

4,7

2,9

4,3

7,2

6,9

5,9

13,5

10,8

4,4

4,8

5,5

9,1

9,3

8,4

13,1

0% 25% 50% 75% 100%

… from Asian and African countries …

… from Non-EU Balkan states

EU-2

EU-8

GIPS

… from the European Union

Foreign workers…

German nationals

Low-level Medium-level Specialized workers Expert workers


3. Policy strategies

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Central legal stipulations of

access

restrictiveopen-liberal


Historically, refugees were barred from the labour market; later on they could access it after four years of residence in Germany

Current developments: various laws and regulations gradually opened up the labour market to refugees

Asylum seekers can start working or begin a vocational education or apprenticeship after three months of registered residence

Asylum seekers can participate in the professional education system from the first day of registered residence

Some groups of asylum seekers are still barred from the labourmarket: so called safe countries of origin

3.a. Conditions of access: refugees

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OECD Report 2013: Germany has one of the most liberal immigration regimes for highly-qualified migrants amongst OECD countries

Liberal regulations for highly-qualified and highly-skilled migrants (specialized workers, researchers etc.): i. e. EU Blue Card

Leading country for the use of the Blue Card in the EU: 85.5 % of the Blue Cards granted in 2015 EU-wide were issued in Germany

But: Still low rate of labour migration

3.b. Conditions of access: highly qualified migrants

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New regulations in Residency Act for qualified professionals

Possibility to seek work in Germany from abroad

Possibility to enter Germany for the purpose of recognition of foreign qualifications or credentials and to seek employment in corresponding industry sector

Characteristics of the German training system must be taken into account: nationally-specific and not well-known dual education, difficulties in obtaining an certificate of equivalence or a state accreditation

3.c. Conditions of access: qualified professionals

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Additional possibility for access to the labour market

General rule: direct access to the labour market and to professional education system

Conditions for reunification are restrictive: minimum knowledge of German language (A1) and sufficient means of subsistence provided by the sponsor are required

More liberal conditions for reunification for highly-qualified migrants

For some groups of refugees the family reunification has been temporary suspended until March 2018

3.d. Conditions of access: family reunification

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Low barriers for students: minimal student fees

Funding programmes for trainees from EU-countries (MobiPro-EU: financial and technical support)

After graduation, third-country nationals can receive a residence permit for a period of up to 18 months to search for a job that is appropriate to their acquired qualifications

After the professional education third-country trainees can receive a residence permit for up to 12 months to search for a job that is appropriate to their acquired qualifications

3.e. Conditions of access: students and trainees

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4. Main stakeholders

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Federal Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs (IQ, IvAF, MobiPro-EU)

Federal Employment Agency

several programmes for labour market integration of specific

groups (youth, women, refugees, long-term unemployed)

Ministry of Education and Research, Ministry

of Internal Affairs, Federal Office for

Migration and Refugees,Universities

Federal Ministry of Economic Affairs,

business networks

Trade unions and employers’

organisationsNGOs and volunteers


Das Förderprogramm „Integration durch Qualifizierung (IQ)“ wird durch das Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales gefördert.

Competence Centre on [email protected]

www.minor-kontor.de

Thank you for your attention!

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Bibliography and further information

Act on the Residence, Economic Activity and Integration of Foreigners in the Federal Territory. http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/englisch_aufenthg/index.html

Federal Employment Agency, Institute for Employment Research, 2016.

Federal Office for Migration and Refugees, 2016: Migration monitoring: Migration to Germany 2015. http://www.bamf.de/EN/Infothek/Statistiken/Wanderungsmonitor/wanderungsmonitor-node.html

Federal Office for Migration and Refugees, October 2016: The stages of the German asylum procedure. http://www.bamf.de/SharedDocs/Anlagen/EN/Publikationen/Broschueren/das-deutsche-asylverfahren.pdf?__blob=publicationFile

Federal Office for Migration and Refugees, November 2016. http://www.bamf.de/EN/Infothek/Statistiken/BlaueKarteEU/blaue-karte-eu-node.html

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http://www.bamf.de/EN/Infothek/Statistiken/Wanderungsmonitor/wanderungsmonitor-node.html

http://www.bamf.de/SharedDocs/Anlagen/EN/Publikationen/Broschueren/das-deutsche-asylverfahren.pdf?__blob=publicationFile

http://www.bamf.de/EN/Infothek/Statistiken/BlaueKarteEU/blaue-karte-eu-node.html


Bibliography and further information

Federal Office for Migration and Refugees, 2017: Statistical data 2016. http://www.bamf.de/SharedDocs/Anlagen/DE/Downloads/Infothek/Statistik/Asyl/201612-statistik-anlage-asyl-geschaeftsbericht.pdf?__blob=publicationFile

Federal Statistical Office, 2016: Bevölkerung und Erwerbstätigkeit. Vorläufige Wanderungsergebnisse. https://www.destatis.de/DE/Publikationen/Thematisch/Bevoelkerung/Wanderungen/vorlaeufigeWanderungen5127101157004.pdf?__blob=publicationFile

OECD 2013: Labour migration: Germany is open to graduates but immigration is difficult for medium-skilled workers. https://www.oecd.org/germany/labour-migration-germanyisopentograduatesbutimmigrationisdifficultformedium-skilledworkers.htm

OECD 2015: International Migration Outlook 2015. http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/social-issues-migration-health/international-migration-outlook-2015_migr_outlook-2015-en

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https://www.oecd.org/germany/labour-migration-germanyisopentograduatesbutimmigrationisdifficultformedium-skilledworkers.htm

http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/social-issues-migration-health/international-migration-outlook-2015_migr_outlook-2015-en



The Competence Centre on Immigration

Leaders’ Roundtable on ImmigrationBerlin, 7 March 2017

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One of five Competence Centres of the funding program IQ (Counselling and Job Training of Migrants, Vocational German Language, Intercultural Opening and Anti-Discrimination, Migrant Entrepreneurship)

Interface between current migration studies and labour market integration practices for migrants

Liaison between federal funding programs IQ, MobiPro-EU for European trainees and “Integration of Asylum Seekers and Refugees” (IvAF)

The Competence Centre at a glance

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Knowledge transfer

Publications (working papers and articles) on labour market integration of migrants and refugees

Conferences for expert exchange and hearings

Development and coordination of quality assurance standards

Analyses and reports for the ministries and authorities

What we do at a glance

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Competence Centre on [email protected]

www.minor-kontor.de

Thank you for your attention!

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