Facts About the Islamic Republic of IRAN

Facts About the Facts About the Islamic Republic of IRANIslamic Republic of IRAN

Dr. Farhad ZargariDr. Farhad ZargariSocial Security Organization,Social Security Organization,

Tehran, December 2005Tehran, December 2005

[email protected]@gmail.com

HistoryHistory

HistoryHistory Iran has a long and rich history. It is honored to Iran has a long and rich history. It is honored to

be one of the five ancient human civilizations. be one of the five ancient human civilizations. Some of the world's most ancient settlements Some of the world's most ancient settlements have been excavated in the Caspian region and have been excavated in the Caspian region and on the Iranian plateau in where village life on the Iranian plateau in where village life began in 4000 B.C. The began in 4000 B.C. The AryansAryans came about came about 2000 B.C. and split into two main groups, the 2000 B.C. and split into two main groups, the Medes and the Persians. The Medes dominated Medes and the Persians. The Medes dominated and ruled until the Persian king and ruled until the Persian king Cyrus the GreatCyrus the Great overthrew the Medes and became ruler of the overthrew the Medes and became ruler of the Achaemenid (Persian) Empire, which reached Achaemenid (Persian) Empire, which reached from the Indus to the Nile at its zenith in 525 from the Indus to the Nile at its zenith in 525 B.C.B.C.

HistoryHistory Persia fell to Persia fell to AlexanderAlexander in 331 in 331––330 B.C. 330 B.C.

and a succession of other rulers: the and a succession of other rulers: the Seleucids, the Greek-speaking Parthians, Seleucids, the Greek-speaking Parthians, the Sasanians, and the the Sasanians, and the Arab MuslimsArab Muslims (in (in 641). By the mid-800s Persia had become 641). By the mid-800s Persia had become an international scientific and cultural an international scientific and cultural center. In the 12th century it was invaded center. In the 12th century it was invaded by the by the MongolsMongols. The Safavid dynasty . The Safavid dynasty (1501(1501––1722), under whom the dominant 1722), under whom the dominant religion became Shiite Islam, followed, and religion became Shiite Islam, followed, and was then replaced by the Qajar dynasty was then replaced by the Qajar dynasty (1794(1794––1925).1925).

HistoryHistory During the Qajar dynasty, During the Qajar dynasty,

the Russians and the the Russians and the British fought for economic British fought for economic control of the area, and control of the area, and during World War I, Iran's during World War I, Iran's neutrality did not stop it neutrality did not stop it from becoming a battlefield from becoming a battlefield for Russian and British for Russian and British troops. A coup in 1921 troops. A coup in 1921 brought Reza Kahn to brought Reza Kahn to power. In 1925, he became power. In 1925, he became shah and changed his shah and changed his name to Reza Shah Pahlavi. name to Reza Shah Pahlavi.

HistoryHistory IranIran’’s pro-Axis allegiance in World War II led to s pro-Axis allegiance in World War II led to

Anglo-Russian occupation of the country in Anglo-Russian occupation of the country in 1941 and deposition of the Reza Shah in favor 1941 and deposition of the Reza Shah in favor of his son, Mohammed Reza Pahlavi. Pahlavi's of his son, Mohammed Reza Pahlavi. Pahlavi's extreme Westernization programs alienated extreme Westernization programs alienated intellectuals and the clergy, and his intellectuals and the clergy, and his authoritarian rule led to massive authoritarian rule led to massive demonstrations during the 1970s, to which demonstrations during the 1970s, to which the shah responded with brutality and the shah responded with brutality and imposition of martial law in 1978. The shah imposition of martial law in 1978. The shah and his family fled Iran on Jan. 16, 1979, and and his family fled Iran on Jan. 16, 1979, and the exiled leader, the exiled leader, Imam KhomeiniImam Khomeini, returned to , returned to Iran to establish an Islamic Republic. Iran to establish an Islamic Republic.

GeographyGeography

GeographyGeography

Area: Area: 1,648,000 1,648,000 kmkm²² ( (636,290 636,290 sq misq mi) ) - - Iran is the Iran is the 1919thth largest largest country in the worldcountry in the world

Land Area: Land Area: 1,636,000 km1,636,000 km²² Water Area: Water Area: 12,000 km12,000 km²² Capital City:Capital City: Tehran (12 Tehran (12

millions) - millions) - 1414thth most most populous city in the worldpopulous city in the world

Major Cities: Major Cities: Mashhad, Mashhad, Isfahan, Tabriz, ShirazIsfahan, Tabriz, Shiraz

Location:Location: Geopolitical Region Geopolitical Region of Middle Eastof Middle East

Land Boundaries:Land Boundaries: 5,440 km5,440 km Border Countries:Border Countries:

Afghanistan 936 km, Afghanistan 936 km, Armenia 35 km, Armenia 35 km, Azerbaijan-proper 432 km, Azerbaijan-proper 432 km, Azerbaijan-Naxcivan 179 km, Azerbaijan-Naxcivan 179 km, Iraq 1,458 km, Iraq 1,458 km, Pakistan 909 km, Pakistan 909 km, Turkey 499 km, Turkey 499 km, Turkmenistan 992 kmTurkmenistan 992 km

Coastline:Coastline: 2,440 km2,440 km

GeographyGeography

Highest Point:Highest Point: Damavand Damavand Peak - 5,671 m (18,603 ft) Peak - 5,671 m (18,603 ft)

Annual Rainfall:Annual Rainfall: Ranges Ranges from less than 50 mm in from less than 50 mm in the deserts to more than the deserts to more than 1600 mm on the Caspian 1600 mm on the Caspian Plain. The average annual Plain. The average annual rainfall is 252 mm and rainfall is 252 mm and approximately 90% of the approximately 90% of the country is arid or semiarid. country is arid or semiarid. Overall, about two-thirds of Overall, about two-thirds of the country receives less the country receives less than 250 mm of rainfall per than 250 mm of rainfall per year.year.

GeographyGeography

DemographyDemography

DemographyDemography Population:Population: 68 millions 68 millions

-Iran is the -Iran is the 1818thth most populous country of the most populous country of the world.world.

Age Structure:Age Structure: - 0-14 years: 27.1% - 0-14 years: 27.1% .. - - 15-64 years: 68% 15-64 years: 68% .. - 65 years and over: 4.9% - 65 years and over: 4.9%

Sex Ratio Male /FemaleSex Ratio Male /Female :: At birth: 1.05 At birth: 1.05 Under 15 years: 1.06 male (s)/female Under 15 years: 1.06 male (s)/female 15-64 years: 1.04 male (s)/female 15-64 years: 1.04 male (s)/female 65 years and over: 0.97 male 65 years and over: 0.97 male (s)/female total population: 1.04 male (s)/female total population: 1.04 male (s)/female(s)/female


Density per sq mi:Density per sq mi: 107 107 Urbanization:Urbanization: 65% of 65% of

population live in urban population live in urban areas areas –– In this regard Iran In this regard Iran ranks ranks 8787thth among 209 among 209

Ethnic Groups:Ethnic Groups: Fars 51%, Fars 51%, Azeri 24%, Gilaki and Azeri 24%, Gilaki and Mazandarani 8%, Kurd 7%, Mazandarani 8%, Kurd 7%, Arab 3%, Lur 2%, Baloch Arab 3%, Lur 2%, Baloch 2%, Turkmen 2%, others 1% 2%, Turkmen 2%, others 1%

Official Language:Official Language: Farsi Farsi (Persian)(Persian)

Literacy:Literacy: Total : 79.4% Total : 79.4% Male: 85.6% Male: 85.6% Female: 73% Female: 73%

Net Primary School Net Primary School Enrolment / AttendanceEnrolment / Attendance (1996-2003)(1996-2003) : : 93%93%

% of Population % of Population Urbanized, (2003):Urbanized, (2003): 6767


HealthHealth

Health Investment:Health Investment: GDP/ HealthGDP/ Health 6%6% Infant Mortality Rate:Infant Mortality Rate: 26 deaths/1,000 live births26 deaths/1,000 live births Average Life Expectancy at Birth:Average Life Expectancy at Birth: Total: 70.3 Total: 70.3 ––

(Men: 68.6, Women: 72)(Men: 68.6, Women: 72) Total Fertility Rate:Total Fertility Rate: 1.82 Children born/woman1.82 Children born/woman Population Growth Rate:Population Growth Rate: 0.86% 0.86% –– Ranking Ranking 137137thth

among 234 countries and independent islands among 234 countries and independent islands worldwide. worldwide.

Birth Rate:Birth Rate: 16.83 births/1,000 population 16.83 births/1,000 population –– Ranking Ranking 131131stst among 225 countries and among 225 countries and independent islands worldwide. independent islands worldwide.

Death Rate:Death Rate: 5.55 deaths/1,000 population 5.55 deaths/1,000 population ––Ranking Ranking 181181stst among 225 countries and among 225 countries and independent islands worldwide. independent islands worldwide.

HealthHealth

Number of Hospitals & Day Number of Hospitals & Day Clinics (public & private): Clinics (public & private): 800 800 with 104,000 bedswith 104,000 beds

Number of Public Health Number of Public Health &Treatment Clinics:&Treatment Clinics: 49004900

Number of Rural Health Number of Rural Health Houses: Houses: 16,80016,800

Access to Primary Health Access to Primary Health Care (PHC):Care (PHC): 100 %-Urban / 95%-100 %-Urban / 95%-RuralRural

Health Care Insurance Health Care Insurance Coverage:Coverage:94% of Population94% of Population

HealthHealth

HealthHealth

HIV/AIDS - Adult HIV/AIDS - Adult Prevalence Rate:Prevalence Rate: < 0.1% < 0.1%

HIV/AIDS - people living HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:with HIV/AIDS: 31,000(2002) 31,000(2002) - - On the AIDS prevalence rate On the AIDS prevalence rate Iran is the Iran is the 122122ndnd among 131 among 131 countries with less than 0.1 countries with less than 0.1 percent of the population percent of the population afflicted.afflicted.

Access to essential drugs:Access to essential drugs: In Iran 80% of population have In Iran 80% of population have access to.access to.

HealthHealth

Population Aged 60 and Population Aged 60 and More More (2003)(2003) :: 6.4% 6.4%

Total Number of Nurses and Total Number of Nurses and MidwivesMidwives (2004)(2004) :: 155542 155542

Total Number of Dentists Total Number of Dentists (2004)(2004): : 1237812378

Total Number of Total Number of Pharmacists Pharmacists (2004)(2004) : : 81088108

Total Number of Physicians Total Number of Physicians (2004)(2004) : : 68079 68079

HealthHealth

Under-5 mortality rank to Under-5 mortality rank to thethe top:top: 7979

Under-5 mortality Under-5 mortality rate,1960: rate,1960: 281281

Under-5 mortality Under-5 mortality rate,2003: rate,2003: 3939

Infant mortality rate Infant mortality rate (under 1),1960: (under 1),1960: 164164

Infant mortality rate Infant mortality rate (under 1),2003(under 1),2003 : : 3333

HealthHealth

% of Total Population Using % of Total Population Using Improved Drinking Water Improved Drinking Water Sources, (2002): Sources, (2002): 9393

% of Total Population Using % of Total Population Using Adequate Sanitation Facilities, Adequate Sanitation Facilities, (2002): (2002): 8484

Average Annual Growth Rate Average Annual Growth Rate of Urban Population,1970-of Urban Population,1970-1990:1990: (%)4.9(%)4.9

Average annual growth rate of Average annual growth rate of urban population,1990-2003:urban population,1990-2003: (%)2.8(%)2.8

HealthHealth

Percent of one-year-olds Percent of one-year-olds fully immunized against fully immunized against DPT3, Measles, Hepatitis DPT3, Measles, Hepatitis B, Tuberculosis, and B, Tuberculosis, and Polio (2003):Polio (2003): 99 99

ReligionReligion

Religions:Religions: Muslim 98%, Muslim 98%, ZoroastrianZoroastrian, Jewish, Christian, and , Jewish, Christian, and Others 2% Others 2%

Islam entered the country in the Islam entered the country in the 7th cent. A.D. and is now the 7th cent. A.D. and is now the official religion; about 90% of official religion; about 90% of Iranians are Muslims of the Shiite Iranians are Muslims of the Shiite sect. The remainder, mostly Kurds sect. The remainder, mostly Kurds and Arabs, are Sunnis. Colonies of and Arabs, are Sunnis. Colonies of Zoroastrians remain at Yazd, Zoroastrians remain at Yazd, Kerman, and other towns. In Kerman, and other towns. In addition to Armenian and Assyrian addition to Armenian and Assyrian Christian sects, there are Jews, Christian sects, there are Jews, Protestants, and Roman CatholicsProtestants, and Roman Catholics. .

ReligionReligion

GovernmentGovernment


Government Type:Government Type: Islamic RepublicIslamic Republic National Day:National Day: April 1April 1 Branches of Government:Branches of Government: According to the According to the

Constitution: Executive branch, Legislative branch, Constitution: Executive branch, Legislative branch, Judicial branch Judicial branch

Administrative Divisions:Administrative Divisions: 30 Provinces, On the 30 Provinces, On the number of Administrative divisions Iran is the 24number of Administrative divisions Iran is the 24 thth among 234 countries and independent islands.among 234 countries and independent islands.

International Organization Participation: International Organization Participation: CP, ECO, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), CP, ECO, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory),

ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMEE, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMEE, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToOWIPO, WMO, WToO


Electoral system: Electoral system: Universal adult suffrageUniversal adult suffrage WomenWomen’’s Political Participation:s Political Participation: Year women received right to vote :1963 Year women received right to vote :1963

Year women received right to stand for election: 1963Year women received right to stand for election: 1963 Year first woman elected or appointed to parliament: 1963Year first woman elected or appointed to parliament: 1963 Women in government at ministerial level (as % of total), Women in government at ministerial level (as % of total),

2000 : 9.4 2000 : 9.4

Seats in parliament held by women (as % of total): 3.4 Seats in parliament held by women (as % of total): 3.4

EconomyEconomy

EconomyEconomy Currency:Currency: Rial (1USD=9023 R) Rial (1USD=9023 R) GDP GDP (market exchange rate):(market exchange rate): $ $

177.8 billion 177.8 billion (2004) (2004)

GDP GDP (purchasing power parity -PPP):(purchasing power parity -PPP): $681 billion $681 billion (2004)(2004)

GDP Per Capita GDP Per Capita (market exchange (market exchange rate):rate): USD 2,554 USD 2,554

GDP Per Capita (PPP) :GDP Per Capita (PPP) : USD 7,588 USD 7,588 (2004)(2004)

GDP Real Growth Rate:GDP Real Growth Rate: 6.4% 6.4% GDP - Composition by Sector:GDP - Composition by Sector:

agriculture: 11.2% agriculture: 11.2% industry: 40.9% industry: 40.9% services: 48.7%services: 48.7%

EconomyEconomy Labor Force:Labor Force: 23 Millions, making 23 Millions, making

Iran Iran 2222ndnd country among 215 country among 215 Labor force - by occupation:Labor force - by occupation:

agriculture 30%, agriculture 30%, industry 25%, industry 25%, services 45%services 45%

Unemployment Rate:Unemployment Rate: 11.2% - 11.2% - Iran ranks Iran ranks 8989thth among 197 among 197 countries with regard to the countries with regard to the number of unemployed number of unemployed population.population.

Iran is the second largest Iran is the second largest economy in the Middle Easteconomy in the Middle East

EconomyEconomy

Of the variety of natural Of the variety of natural resources found in Iran, resources found in Iran, petroleum (discovered in 1908 in petroleum (discovered in 1908 in Khuzestan province) and natural Khuzestan province) and natural gas are by far the most gas are by far the most important. The chief oil fields are important. The chief oil fields are found in the central and found in the central and southwestern parts of the Zagros southwestern parts of the Zagros Mts. and in the offshore waters of Mts. and in the offshore waters of the Persian Gulf. Oil also is found the Persian Gulf. Oil also is found in the Northern Iran. Domestic oil in the Northern Iran. Domestic oil and gas, along with hydroelectric and gas, along with hydroelectric power facilities, provide the power facilities, provide the country with power.country with power.

EconomyEconomy The petroleum industry is Iran's The petroleum industry is Iran's

economic mainstay; oil accounts economic mainstay; oil accounts for 80% of export revenues, and for 80% of export revenues, and Iran is a member of the Iran is a member of the Organization of Petroleum Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). Exporting Countries (OPEC). Pipelines move oil from the fields Pipelines move oil from the fields to the refineries and to such to the refineries and to such exporting ports as Abadan, exporting ports as Abadan, Bandar-e Mahshahr, and Khark Bandar-e Mahshahr, and Khark Island. In the late 1990s, Iran's Island. In the late 1990s, Iran's state-owned oil and gas industry state-owned oil and gas industry entered into major exploration entered into major exploration and production agreements with and production agreements with foreign consortiums.foreign consortiums.

Natural Resources:Natural Resources: petroleum, petroleum, natural gas, coal, chromium, natural gas, coal, chromium, copper, iron ore, lead, manganese, copper, iron ore, lead, manganese, zinc, sulfurzinc, sulfur

Iran has the Iran has the 44thth largest oil reserves largest oil reserves of the worldof the world

Iran has the Iran has the 22ndnd largest gas largest gas reserves of the worldreserves of the world

Iran has the Iran has the 22ndnd largest copper largest copper reserves of the worldreserves of the world

Iran has the Iran has the 11stst largest zink largest zink reserves of the worldreserves of the world

Iran is the second largest oil Iran is the second largest oil producer of (OPEC)producer of (OPEC)

EconomyEconomy

EconomyEconomy Oil Production:Oil Production: 3.9 million bbl/day 3.9 million bbl/day Oil Consumption:Oil Consumption: 1.4 million bbl/day 1.4 million bbl/day Oil Export:Oil Export: 2.5 million bbl/day 2.5 million bbl/day Reserves of Foreign Exchange and Gold:Reserves of Foreign Exchange and Gold:

Between USD 50-60 billionBetween USD 50-60 billion Major Exports Partners:Major Exports Partners: Japan 18.4%, China Japan 18.4%, China

9.7%, Italy 6%, South Africa 5.8%, South Korea 5.4%, 9.7%, Italy 6%, South Africa 5.8%, South Korea 5.4%, Taiwan 4.6%, Turkey 4.4%, Netherlands 4% Taiwan 4.6%, Turkey 4.4%, Netherlands 4%

Major Import PartnersMajor Import Partners: Germany 12.8%, France : Germany 12.8%, France 8.3%, Italy 7.7%, China 7.2%, UAE 7.2%, South 8.3%, Italy 7.7%, China 7.2%, UAE 7.2%, South Korea 6.1%, Russia 5.4% Korea 6.1%, Russia 5.4%

External Debt:External Debt: USD 13.4 billion USD 13.4 billion Oil earnings dominate IranOil earnings dominate Iran’’s external trade, s external trade,

generating some 80% of revenue, although non-oil generating some 80% of revenue, although non-oil exports have begun to rise. exports have begun to rise.

EconomyEconomy Population living below $1 a day(1992-2002):Population living below $1 a day(1992-2002): 2% 2% Inflation Rate (consumer prices):Inflation Rate (consumer prices): 14.6% 14.6% Agricultural products:Agricultural products: wheat, rice, other grains, sugar wheat, rice, other grains, sugar

beets, fruits, nuts, cotton; dairy products, wool; caviar beets, fruits, nuts, cotton; dairy products, wool; caviar Major industries:Major industries: petroleum, petrochemicals, textiles, petroleum, petrochemicals, textiles,

cement and other construction materials, food cement and other construction materials, food processing, metal fabrication, vehicle production, processing, metal fabrication, vehicle production, armamentsarmaments

Industrial Production Growth Rate:Industrial Production Growth Rate: 3.5% 3.5% (excluding oil)(excluding oil)

Female economic activity growthFemale economic activity growth in Iran is one of in Iran is one of the fastest rising rates e.g. 34%, giving the country the fastest rising rates e.g. 34%, giving the country 66thth position among 162 countries. position among 162 countries.

EconomyEconomy

On the size of exported On the size of exported products, Iran is the products, Iran is the 4040thth country between 226 countries country between 226 countries and independent islands.and independent islands.

On the amount of GDP, Iran is On the amount of GDP, Iran is the the 2020thth country in the world.country in the world.

Iran has the Iran has the 1818thth highest highest growth in GDP in the world. growth in GDP in the world.

Annual car production is close Annual car production is close to 400,000 making Iran the to 400,000 making Iran the 1919thth country among 70. country among 70.

AgricultureAgriculture

AgricultureAgriculture About 10% of the land in Iran is About 10% of the land in Iran is

arable; agriculture contributes arable; agriculture contributes just over 20% to the gross just over 20% to the gross national product and employs a national product and employs a third of the labor force. The third of the labor force. The main food-producing areas are main food-producing areas are in the Caspian region and in the in the Caspian region and in the valleys of the northwest. Wheat, valleys of the northwest. Wheat, the most important crop, is the most important crop, is grown mainly in the west and grown mainly in the west and northwest; rice is the major crop northwest; rice is the major crop in the Caspian region. Barley, in the Caspian region. Barley, corn, cotton, sugar beets, tea, corn, cotton, sugar beets, tea, hemp, tobacco, fruits (including hemp, tobacco, fruits (including citrus), nuts, and dates are also citrus), nuts, and dates are also grown, and livestock is raised. grown, and livestock is raised.

AgricultureAgriculture The principal obstacles to The principal obstacles to

agricultural production are primitive agricultural production are primitive farming methods, overworked and farming methods, overworked and under fertilized soil, poor seed, and under fertilized soil, poor seed, and scarcity of water. About one third of scarcity of water. About one third of the cultivated land is irrigated; the the cultivated land is irrigated; the construction of multipurpose dams construction of multipurpose dams and reservoirs along the rivers in the and reservoirs along the rivers in the Zagros and Alburz mts. has Zagros and Alburz mts. has increased the amount of water increased the amount of water available for irrigation. Agricultural available for irrigation. Agricultural programs of modernization, programs of modernization, mechanization, and crop and mechanization, and crop and livestock improvement, and livestock improvement, and programs for the redistribution of programs for the redistribution of land are increasing agricultural land are increasing agricultural production.production.

AgricultureAgriculture The northern slopes of the The northern slopes of the

Alburz Mts. are heavily Alburz Mts. are heavily wooded, and forestry wooded, and forestry products are economically products are economically important; the cutting of important; the cutting of trees is rigidly controlled by trees is rigidly controlled by the government, which also the government, which also has a reforestation has a reforestation program. In the rivers program. In the rivers entering the Caspian Sea entering the Caspian Sea are salmon, carp, trout, and are salmon, carp, trout, and pike; sturgeon are abundant pike; sturgeon are abundant in the Caspian Sea.in the Caspian Sea.

Iran's first genetically Iran's first genetically modified (GM) rice has modified (GM) rice has been approved by national been approved by national authorities and is being authorities and is being grown commercially for grown commercially for human consumption. human consumption. Researchers at the Researchers at the Agricultural Biotechnology Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran Research Institute of Iran (ABRII) modified rice to (ABRII) modified rice to resist attack by insects by resist attack by insects by inserting a bacterial gene inserting a bacterial gene that produces a toxin. that produces a toxin.


Dams have always played an important role in Dams have always played an important role in harnessing Iran's precious water reserves and the harnessing Iran's precious water reserves and the long-term objective of Iran's water resources long-term objective of Iran's water resources development plan is based on the control and development plan is based on the control and regulation of water resources through dams. In regulation of water resources through dams. In 1994, 27 storage dams were in operation with a 1994, 27 storage dams were in operation with a total regulation capacity of 39.2 kmtotal regulation capacity of 39.2 km³³. At the same . At the same time, 24 storage dams were under construction time, 24 storage dams were under construction with a design regulation capacity of 11.5 kmwith a design regulation capacity of 11.5 km³³. In . In 1993, the annual electricity production from dams 1993, the annual electricity production from dams was 25 116was 25 116


GWH, which is 33 % of the total energy production GWH, which is 33 % of the total energy production of the country. Dams also play an important role in of the country. Dams also play an important role in flood control through routing of floods. Several flood control through routing of floods. Several reservoirs behind the dams seem to offer good reservoirs behind the dams seem to offer good sailing and water-skiing facilities, but have not sailing and water-skiing facilities, but have not been used for recreation so far.been used for recreation so far.



Agricultural growth:Agricultural growth: In In agricultural growth Iran agricultural growth Iran ranks ranks 1313thth country among country among 155.155.

CommunicationsCommunications & & MediaMedia

Communications & MediaCommunications & Media

TelephonesTelephones - main lines in use: - main lines in use: 14,571,100 14,571,100 (2003)(2003)

TelephonesTelephones - mobile cellular: - mobile cellular: 4.200,000 4.200,000 (2003)(2003)

Internet users:Internet users: >5.8 millions >5.8 millions –– In this regard Iran is the In this regard Iran is the 1717thth country among 167 countriescountry among 167 countries

Radio Broadcast Stations:Radio Broadcast Stations: AM 72, FM 5, SW 5 AM 72, FM 5, SW 5 (1998)(1998)

TV Channels:TV Channels: 12(7 Farsi, 5 12(7 Farsi, 5 Foreign Languages)Foreign Languages)


Annual Cinema attendance in 2003 Annual Cinema attendance in 2003 was 26,000,000 ranking Iran the was 26,000,000 ranking Iran the 2020thth country among 79. country among 79.

Number of Cinemas: 287Number of Cinemas: 287 Number of PCs: 4,500,000 - Number of PCs: 4,500,000 - 1818thth

country among 165.country among 165. Number of Mobile cellular phones: Number of Mobile cellular phones:

4,000,000 4,000,000 –– 3636thth country among country among 180.180.

Number of TV sets: 5,100,000 Number of TV sets: 5,100,000 –– 3333rdrd country among 215country among 215


""For Iranians living outside For Iranians living outside of Iran, the internet has of Iran, the internet has become a lifeline, a way become a lifeline, a way not only to stay in touch not only to stay in touch with friends and family with friends and family back home, but also to stay back home, but also to stay connected to Iranian connected to Iranian culture no matter where culture no matter where they are." There may be they are." There may be 46,000 bloggers inside 46,000 bloggers inside Iran, and as many as Iran, and as many as 75,000 active Farsi blogs 75,000 active Farsi blogs worldwide. worldwide.

TransportationTransportation

TransportationTransportation

Railways:Railways: 7,203 km7,203 km Highways:Highways: 167,157 km167,157 km Waterways:Waterways: 850 km (on 850 km (on

Karun River and Lake Urmia) Karun River and Lake Urmia) (2004)(2004)

Number of Airports:Number of Airports: 305 - 305 - In this regard Iran ranks In this regard Iran ranks 2626thth among 255 countries among 255 countries worldwide worldwide

EnvironmentEnvironment

EnvironmentEnvironment

Iran in biodiversity richness is Iran in biodiversity richness is the the 2727thth country among 68 country among 68 countries.countries.

On the Endangered species On the Endangered species protection Iran is the protection Iran is the 7171stst country among 142 countries.country among 142 countries.

Iran is the Iran is the 33rdrd country in the country in the world in Carbon Dioxide world in Carbon Dioxide emission from fossil fuels. emission from fossil fuels.

RefugeesRefugees

RefugeesRefugees

Iran with more than 2 Iran with more than 2

millions of refugees millions of refugees

from Afghanistan, Iraq from Afghanistan, Iraq

and other countries and other countries

stands at the stands at the top top of the of the

world countries.world countries.

SportsSports

SportsSports

FIFA World Ranking: FIFA World Ranking: 614 points ranking Iran 614 points ranking Iran 3333rdrd among 204among 204

All time summer All time summer Olympic medals: 40 Olympic medals: 40 medals ranking Iran medals ranking Iran 3939thth among 136 among 136

Facts About the Islamic Republic of IRAN

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