Exploring Factors that Influence the Use and Acceptanceof ...
Factors that Influence Use
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Transcript of Factors that Influence Use
Factors that Influence Use
45.3 million adults in the United States smoke cigarettes, although this single
behavior results in disability or premature death for
half of all regular users.
Source: CDC, Office on Smoking and Health
Factors that Influence UseNicotine Addiction
Smokers give several general reasons for smoking.
1. Stimulation 2. Handling the cigarette 3. Relaxation 4. Help for tension 5. Craving 6. Habit * (Addiction)
* The preferred term in Tobacco Control is addiction, not habit.
Factors that Influence UseNicotine Addiction
Addiction: Habitual psychological and physiological dependence on a substance beyond one's voluntary control
Addiction
Psychological Need
Physical NeedTolerance
Factors that Influence UseNicotine Addiction
Withdrawal Symptoms Irritability Anxiety Difficulty concentrating Increased appetite
.
Factors that Influence UseNicotine Addiction
Adrenaline—rush of energy Acetylcholine—awake and stimulated Dopamine—relaxed and feeling good Endorphins—natural painkillers Glutamate--learning and memory
Source: How Stuff Works, Inc.
Factors that Influence UseNicotine Addiction
Factors that Influence UsePhysiological Effects
Factors that Influence UsePhysiological Effects
Withdrawal symptoms are REAL and can range in severity.
Q: Do you know the signs of withdrawal from nicotine?
Factors that Influence UsePhysiological Effects
People who stop smoking greatly reduce their risk of dying prematurely.
The younger a smoker quits, the greater the health benefits.
But, stopping at any age is beneficial to health.
CDC, Office on Smoking and Health
Factors that Influence UsePhysiological Effects
Factors that Influence Use
Tobacco Products
Factors that Influence UseTobacco Products
Additives are also in cigars, pipe tobacco, and spit tobacco for taste and addictive
properties.
Factors that Influence UseTobacco Products
Factors that Influence UseTobacco Products
Clove Cigarettes or Kreteks 70% tobacco and 30% cloves
Clove numbs throat
Densely rolled = higher exposure to carcinogens
Factors that Influence UseTobacco Products
Bidis Non-filtered, sweet-flavored
cigarette Higher levels of carbon
monoxide, nicotine, and tar than cigarettes
Popular with young people
Factors that Influence UseTobacco Products
Factors that Influence UseTobacco Products
Cigars and Cigarillos Tobacco wrapped in a
tobacco leaf Can contain as much
tobacco as a pack of cigarettes
Growing popularity among young people
Hookah Traditional Middle Eastern
and Asian device for smoking shisha tobacco
Perceived as less risky Growing popularity in U.S.
among young people
Factors that Influence UseTobacco Products
E-Cigarettes Nicotine delivery systems that use water, a heating element, and electricity to mimic the sensation of smoking a cigarette
Factors that Influence UseTobacco Products
Factors that Influence UseTobacco Products
Factors that Influence UseTobacco Products
Snus Taboka was the tobacco
industry’s first attempt at Snus.
A smokeless form of tobacco that comes in pouches.
Originated in Sweden, new to the U.S.
Factors that Influence UseTobacco Products
Factors that Influence UseSocial Factors
Community
Culture
Customs
Values
Attitudes
Beliefs
Factors that Influence UseSocial Factors
Behavioral norm: the most common actions or behaviors exhibited in a social group.
Attitudinal norm: the most widely shared beliefs or expectations in a social group about how people or members of the group ought to behave.
National Social Norms Resource Center, 2009
Factors that Influence UseSocial Norms
Factors that Influence UseSocial Norms
Factors that Influence UseMovies
“In contrast to the health groups, who saw smoking as a medical issue, the tobacco industry has always seen smoking as a cultural
issue. And there is not a better way to control pop culture worldwide than through movies…”
Professor Stanton Glantz
Smoking in the most popular, youth-oriented, PG-13 movies has increased.
Teenagers are more readily influenced than other age groups.
Tobacco companies benefit financially from individuals who start to use tobacco at an early age.
Tobacco companies have violated the tobacco settlement and have a long history of marketing their products to young people.
Ng & Dakake. 2002. MASSPIRG.
Factors that Influence UseMovies
Tobacco use has increased 50% since the MSA. Tobacco use remains prevalent in PG-13, youth-oriented
movies. Most films portray smokers and smoking in a positive or
neutral light. Fewer films feature negative statements about tobacco use. Several films show identifiable, brand name cigarette packs. Big name stars smoked in both pre- and post-settlement films.
Ng & Dakake. 2002. MASSPIRG.
Factors that Influence UseMovies
Efforts are being made to get smoking out of the movies.
Programs such as Screen Out! and California Youth and Advocacy Network’s (CYAN’s) “Tobacco and Hollywood Campaign” are raising awareness of this problem and endorsing change.
Factors that Influence UseMovies
Factors that Influence UseThe Power of Advertising
Campaign for Tobacco Free Kids Ad Gallery, 2009
Campaign for Tobacco Free Kids Ad Gallery
Factors that Influence UseThe Power of Advertising
Factors that Influence UseThe Power of Advertising
Campaign for Tobacco Free Kids Ad Gallery
African Americans
Hispanics and Latinos
Native Americans and Alaskan Natives
Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders
Lesbians, Gays, Bisexuals and Transgenders (LGBT)
Low SES
Factors that Influence UseTargeting Specific Populations
Factors that Influence UseTargeting Specific Populations
“RJR's business among Blacks is underdeveloped....
Further, given their strong preference for menthol flavor, we probably need to devote more attention to Blacks...
In fact, I even feel that a project designed to develop a cigarette for
Blacks may be a viable business proposition.”
Targeting Cigarettes at African Americans RJR, 1977 Campaign for Tobacco Free Kids Ad Gallery
Campaign for Tobacco Free Kids Ad Gallery
Factors that Influence UseTargeting Specific Populations
1990s 2008
Factors that Influence UseTargeting Specific Populations
Campaign for Tobacco Free Kids Ad Gallery
Factors that Influence UseTargeting Specific Populations
Campaign for Tobacco Free Kids Ad Gallery
Factors that Influence UseTargeting Specific Populations
Factors that Influence Use
National Cancer Institute, Visuals Online
How could they possibly enhance that
image?
Factors that Influence UseTobacco Product Enhancement
Factors that Influence UseTobacco Product Enhancement
Factors that Influence UseTobacco Product Enhancement
Factors that Influence UseTobacco Product Enhancement
Factors that Influence UseTobacco Product Enhancement
Factors that Influence UseTobacco Product Enhancement
Factors that Influence UseTobacco Product Enhancement
Factors that Influence UseTobacco Industry Enhancement
Factors that Influence UseTobacco Industry Enhancement
Why the name change? Official reason: Represents diversity of products Real Reason: disassociates company from its strong
tobacco identity.
In 2001, the manufacturer of Skoal chewing tobacco changed its name from “United States Tobacco Company”
to disassociate from smoking and auxiliary issues like smoke-free air.
Factors that Influence UseTobacco Industry Enhancement
Review
Evolution of Tobacco Control Described the history and evolution of the
tobacco control movement. Learned the impact that events had on tobacco
use throughout U.S. history
Prevalence of Tobacco Use Learned where to obtain data on the prevalence and
impact of tobacco use. Learned the importance of using local data.
Discussed the impact of addiction. Analyzed how the tobacco industry influences
tobacco use.
Discussed the health effects and health risks associated with tobacco use.
Discussed the health effects of secondhand smoke.
Review
Impact of Tobacco Use
Factors that Influence Use
Tobacco Technical Assistance ConsortiumRollins School of Public Health
Emory UniversityAtlanta, Georgia
To contact: [email protected]: 404-712-8474