Factors that affect DEPOSITION

•Particle Size: smaller = slower

•Particle Shape: more surface area = slower

•Particle Density: similar size, >D = faster

Sorting of Sediments

•Vertical Sorting:– the roundest, largest, and densest particles settle at the bottom of a layer, while flatter, smaller, less dense particles settle on the top (landslide, underwater landslides)

Verticle Sorting (a GRADED BED)

Decre

asin

g s

ize

Decre

asin

g s

ize

HORIZONTAL SORTINGStream enters a large body of water,

the velocity decreases and deposition occurs

Larger sediments are deposited first

Delta may form

Drainage Patterns of Watersheds

–Dendritic–Radial–Rectangular–Trellis

Drainage Patterns of Watersheds

–Dendritic–Radial–Rectangular–Trellis

Drainage Patterns of Watersheds

–Dendritic–Radial–Rectangular–Trellis

runoff

HYDROLOGIC CYCLE

infiltration

aquifer Groundwater flow

transpiration

evaporation

precipitation

condensation

Water tableStream, spring, lake, or ocean

GROUND WATER

Groundwater is always moving --but very slowly

3 FACTORS AFFECT INFILTRATION

• PERMEABILITY – ABILITY OF WATER TO FLOW (IMPERMEABLE – NO WATER CAN FLOW THROUGH)

• POROSITY – PORE SPACES BETWEEN SEDIMENTS

• CAPILLARITY – THE ABILITY OF WATER TO MOVE UPWARD IN SOIL

Permeability – larger size = higher perm

Impermeable = cannot flow through

Porosity – SIZE has NO EFFECTa. Shape – rounder = higher porosityb. Mixing Sizes – lower porosityc. Tightly packed = lower porosity

Capillarity – smaller size particles = GREATER/BETTER Capillarity

GRAVEL Rapid

drainage

 FINE SANDModerate drainage

 CLAYSlow

drainage

PERMEABILITY

Clay is impermeable – water will not flow through easily

CAPILLARITY – WATER MOVES UPWARD

• SMALLER SIZED PARTICLES INCREASE CAPILLARITY

INFILTRATION

Infiltration refers to water soaking into the ground:

Infiltration rate

Slope

Infiltration rate

Permeability

Infiltration rate

Porosity

Infiltration rate

Soil Storage Saturation

GROUND WATER - Aquifer

1. WATER INFILTRATES

2. STOPS AT IMPERMEABLE LAYER

3. RISES FROM BOTTOM UP – (LIKE FILLING A BATH TUB) THIS IS CALLED GROUNDWATER AKA – SATURATED ZONE AKA - AQUIFER

4. TOP OF SATURATED ZONE IS THE WATER TABLE

5. UNSATURATED ZONE – AIR AND WATER

6. CAPILLARY FRINGE – WATER RISES TO FEED ROOTS

WATER TABLE

RISES WITH RAINFALL

FALLS WITH DROUGHT