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from sugar- and starch, cellulose

containing feedstock

Ir. Ywe Jan Franken

Bio-ethanol production

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Contents

1. Feedstock types

2. Feedstock examples

3. Production potentials

4. Material pretreatment

5. Fermentation

6. Distillation

7. Uses8. Bio-ethanol projects

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Feedstock: types

Sugar

Starch

Cellulose

(starch granules)3

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Feedstock types

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Feedstock: examples

Sugar cane

Corn

Cassava

Sugar palm

Sugar beet

Sweet Sorghum

Sweet potato

Bananas

Coffee residues

Wood 5

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Sweet sorghum Sugar beet

2500-5700 liter/ha/ year

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Banana

No need for mechanisation 50 kg/plant 67 ton/ha per year

3.350-7.000 liter ethanol/ha per year

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Ethanol production

(Hydrolisis)

Fermentation

Distillation Drying

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Hydrolisis

The cellulose molecules are composed of long chains ofsugar molecules. In the hydrolysis process, these chainsare broken down to free the sugar, before it isfermented for alcohol production.

There are two major cellulose hydrolysis (cellulolysis)processes: a chemical reaction using acids, or anenzymatic reaction.

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Fermentation

The chemical equation belowsummarizes the fermentation of glucose,whose chemical formula is C6H12O6.

One glucose molecule is converted intotwo ethanol molecules and two carbondioxide molecules:

C6

H12

O6

2C2

H5

OH + 2CO2

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Fermentation

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Fermentation: Colombia

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Distillation & Ethanol drying

Distillation of 1000 liter of 10 v/v [%] produces about100 liter of ethanol in the following forms*:

(*based on field data John Loke)

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Liters production Vol [%] Liters pure EtOH

75,5 50 37,7

37,7 70 26,4

37,7 95 35,8

total 100

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Uses for ethanol

Hydrous ethanol

- Engine fuel

(flextek > 60 vol %)

- Cooking stoves

- Gelfuels

Anhydrous ethanol

- Blends with gasoline (e.g.E85)

- Blends with diesel

- Direct use in cars- Stoves

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Flextek

*

*Dongfeng Motor Corporation(China)

65 % ethanol&

35% water

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Small scale bioethanol production

Total land for energy cropsUp to 100 ha.

Consortium of bio-ethanol producers

Rural communities

Central plant foranhydrous ethanol(99,5%)

Micro plants:1.000 2.000liters/day (50%-99,5%)

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Coffee bean

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Innovative technology to enable rural entrepreneursto access markets for bio-energy

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Thank you for your attention.

Questions?