Facility 11 - Satellite Remote Sensing (SRS)

CSIRO Marine & Atmospheric Research (Operator) CSIRO Land & WaterBureau of MeteorologyGeoscience Australia University of TasmaniaAustralian National UniversityCurtin University of TechnologyAustralian Institute of Marine Science

Edward King, on behalf of the IMOS SRS Team from

SRS Outline/Overview• AODAAC: data organisation & access

• Ocean Colour: Products, cal/val, intl. support

• SST: Products, cal/val, intl. support

• Altimetry: cal/val, intl. support

• Satellite Reception: Data acquisition, intl. support

AODAAC – Data Management Subfacility(Australian Oceans Distributed Archive & Access Centre) CSIRO - E.King

1. Organise storage and supply issues– exploit eResearch capabilities (NCI, RDSI, AARNet)

2. Develop tool to overcome issues of management, discovery and access; developed independently of, but integrated into eMII infrastructure

• Gridded data exposed via net • Catalogue automatically • Enable spatio-temporal search• Permit data subset requests• Provide aggregated data • It’s a web-based data interface for

gridded data

Status

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• Integration during 2012, V1 System is now live in IMOS portal

• 2011/12 has seen major design revision, refactor and upgrade (while waiting for eMII portal to be ready)

• Finalisation & documentation of V2 is underway

• Should be complete Feb/Mar• Adopted by TERN/AusCover for

gridded data (co-invest)• CRIS = 30% reduced EFT, less s/w

development, more data under management.

T

Ocean Colour SubfacilityCSIRO - Vittorio Brando & Team

• Primary focus on blue (Case 1) waters:1. Compile bio-optical database2. Deploy underway radiometer(s) on ships3. Maintain Lucinda Jetty Coastal Observatory4. Production & Validation of Australian ocean colour data

• All of these are also useful for coastal/complex (Case 2) waters• Main impact of Case 1 focus is in type of products in #4.

Ocean Colour 101

TERN

L0

L1B

L2

Bio-optical DB of Australian Waters • The match up analysis of satellite retrievals vs. in situmeasurements enables the assessment of accuracy for:

• water-leaving radiance (reflectance),• water inherent optical properties• biogeochemical concentrations

• In 2012 - increased data volume, range of parameters and locations in dB at eMII + continued to transfer data to NASA+ESA• contributing to IOCCG working group on phytoplankton functional type algorithm inter-comparison• IMOS dB characterises a different regime (lower [Chl]) to NOMAD (NASA) dB.• Challenges:

• Data bottleneck at eMII because of inadequate QC at producer stage.• Developing tools to enable earlier QC• Getting community to contribute• Slightly reduced EFT under CRIS

0200400600800

10001200

Freq

uenc

y

Chl- a concentration (mg m-3)

NOMAD

0200400600800

1000

Freq

uenc

y

Chl- a concentration (mg m-3)

IMOS

Southern Ocean

5 data sets 1998 – 2007

Equatorial Pacific

2 data sets 1997 - 2000

1998 – 2010

3 data sets

1997 – 2011

8 data sets

BEAGLE cruise

Circumnavigation of Australia via Singapore, 1999-2000

BEAGLE cruise

2003-2004

2003 – 2010

9 data sets

2000 – 2010

3 data sets

2007 – 2008

2 data sets AIMSAIMS

AAD

Potential (legacy) data from the Australian region

1998 – 2011

22 data sets

2005 – 2007

8 data sets

Radiometers on Ships • Continuous measurements of downwelling & upwelling radiance fields• For atmospheric correction + completes the observation suite for bio-optical measurements • Began on Sthn.Srv. late 2011• Progress on data processing & formatting through 2012 (CSIRO co-invest.)• Data from 9 cruises to 2012/12.• First million QC’d spectra to be submitted to eMII this month.• Work on next level processing with new algorithm in 2013/Q1• 2nd instrument acquired for use on AIMS vessel.• Will be maintained under CRIS.

Lucinda Jetty Coastal observatory

Above-waterradiometry

Underwateroptics

Met station

•CIMEL SeaPRISM•Satlantic HyperOCR

•Power supply•UPS•NextG Router •Linux Server•WETLabs DAPCS •PC controller•Automated winch

Instrumenttelemetry

•WETLabs WQM •WETLabs CDOM fluorometer.•WETLabs ac-s •WETLabs BB9

2009-2011:

new design

post TC Yasi

(jan 2013)

Production & Validation of Ocean Colour Data • Begin with MODIS Aqua, 40TB of base TB for Aust.• Overlap with terrestrial users (partner with TERN/AusCover• National Compute Infrastructure (NCI) 10k CPU + PB Storage• Complete Aust. archive processed 2013/01 with latest calibration.• ~35000 scenes 2002/07-2012/12*• 1km daily L2 dataset (Online, HDF) forms basis for:

• Matchup DB for cal/val• Chl record using std. algorithms• Regional product development

• Online (netCDF) now: Chl, K_490, PAR, PFT, (PP)• Additional products/compositing/climatologies• Outreach/usability/catalogue eMII/AODAAC

• Users: eReefs (co-invest) + several other CSIRO

& SeaWIFS• CMAR+AIMS+WA merged data for Aust.• 1km daily data set – 1997/09-2007/12• Delivered as per MODIS

– L1B (geolocated reflectances)– L2 (full suite of channels, products)

• 3600 days x 4 passes• Consistent formatting/metadata• Match up dB• Is now online at NCI• Remapped* products soon in netCDF format• Additional local products and cal/val work as per MODIS

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Sea Surface Temperature SubfacilityBoM - Helen Beggs & Team

Satellite SST produced from polar-orbiting and geostationary satellites for all Australia with improved processing of the direct broadcast satellite data, cal/val and formats. Internationally: contribute to, and leverage, GHRSST.

• Low Earth Orbit vs Geostationary Orbit

HRPT AVHRR – Australian RegionLow Earth Orbit: NOAA POES SST

– AVHRR ~1km– Regional SST algorithm (day different to

night) based on regression with drifting buoy network

– Time series currently available 1998 –present

– GHRSST formatted data including errors per pixel (L2P, L3U, L3C, L3S)

– Used in SST analyses (eg. RAMSSA, GAMSSA, G1SST), OceanCurrents and ReefTemp

Plans to Jun 2013:– Real-time processing ported to operational

systems (almost completed) – Implement and test same algorithm for day

and night to reduce day/night bias – By Jun 2013: Data reprocessing data using

new algorithm (1992-present)

2012-04-05: AVHRR

Multi-Sensor Night-only L3S

HRPT AVHRR - Southern Ocean• BoM has raw 1 km AVHRR data from

– Casey back to 1995, Davis from 2007– Have stitched Casey, Davis, Melbourne, Perth, Alice Springs raw data for 1995 to 2008

Plans to Jun 2013:• Update systems to RT and reprocess Southern Ocean AVHRR L2P/L3U/L3S files back to 1995• Domain: 2.5°E to 202.5°E, 72.5°S to 27.5°S• Grid: 0.02° x 0.02°

Multi-Sensor Day+Night L3S

CaseyDavis

MTSAT-1R and MTSAT-2• Geostationary Orbit: JMA MTSAT

SST– JAMI ~4 km– Hourly temporal resolution– Regional SST algorithm based on

regression with drifting buoys– MTSAT-1R time series available 2006 –

present– GHRSST formatted data inc. errors per pixel

(L2P, L3U)– Used in diurnal warming research

• Future Developments– Data reprocessing (using new same

algorithm for day & night) and release (Jun 2006-present)

– Improve cloud screening

2012-04-05: MTSAT-2

Single-Sensor Night-only L3C

Satellite SST Plans for FY13/14

• Under CRIS funding will reduce from 1 FTE to 0.8 FTE• No funds for additional data storage or IT hardware• Reduced funds for travel• Aim to:• Maintain real-time satellite SST processing, validation and

data management systems• Port AVHRR geolocation system from CSIRO to Bureau

operational system• If have time, add METOP-A and METOP-B AVHRR SST

data to IMOS GHRSST real-time and reprocessed products (replacements for NOAA-17 satellite)

• Focusses on the ongoing calibration and validation of the evolving sea level climate record. The primary “user” is the international mission science team (OSTST).

• Continues to provide a valued and internationally recognised contribution to the OSTST. Progress throughout 2012 was as expected with all milestones met. Two main data streams:

– “Absolute bias” is determined from sites in Bass Strait and Storm Bay (on the same altimeter pass).

– “Bias drift” determined from the global tide gauge network.

Altimetry Cal/Val Subfacility

Bass StraitStorm Bay

UTas – Christopher Watson

• The Sub-Facility continues to reveal issues of relevance in the production of the Geophysical Data Records (e.g. PRF / antenna offsets, pole tide treatment etc) -> only possible with long and sustained time series.

• The OSTST has placed renewed focus on understanding the quality of SSH trends -> high demand for IMOS contribution.

• The only independent technique for validation of trends involves use of the global tide gauge network. Our work delivers an alternate approach using these data (similar ingredients + different recipe).

• The importance of such cal/val activity is arguably more important now as ‘regional trends’ become the focus (scientifically and politically).

Altimetry Cal/Val

TOPEX / Poseidon

Jason-1

OSTM/Jason-2

GPS buoy at the Bass Strait validation site

• The next mission, Jason-3, is scheduled for launch Dec 2014 -> international community gearing up for this new “reference” mission.

• Sub-Facility well situated under CRIS -> ongoing support of Bass Strait and Storm Bay, reduced redundancy, increased data delays and risk, some reduced FTE.

Altimetry Cal/Val - The Future...

Dec 2014

Cape Ferguson X-L band Satellite ReceptionSubfacility

AIMS - Craig Steinberg

$90k AIMS co-investment in new radomeRelocated August 2012

ApplicationsCNES CLS ARGOS tracking Floods Jan 2013

26 Jan

28 Jan

• Talks at QIMOS, C&Bw nodes, BioOpt WG in late 2012• Need to get to SA+WA• eResearch infrastructure – makes some of this possible through large scale storage+services, emphasis moving to metadata/storage

• Eliminates need to download products from overseas

• Areas for focus from last year• Streamlining historical SST production - done• Lucinda Jetty re-establishment – nearly done!• Ocean Colour production system outputs - done• Delivery of AODAAC system(s) – virtually done

• CRIS period will be more about outreach, uptake and feedback of products across nodes and wider research community

•Think Global, Act National, Impact Local.

Final Slide

Edward.King@csiro.au03-6232-5334CSIRO Marine & Atmospheric Research