Facial injuries - WordPress.com · 2014. 8. 5. · Examination • Associated injuries – head,...
Transcript of Facial injuries - WordPress.com · 2014. 8. 5. · Examination • Associated injuries – head,...
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Handover teaching
Facial injuries
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Objectives
• History • Examination • Requesting x-rays • Interpreting x-rays
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History
• Mechanism of injury – Fall, Assault, Collapse
• Visual Disturbance • Otorrhoea • Epistaxis • Teeth missing • Eating ok? / Malocclusion
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Examination
• Associated injuries – head, neck • Thirds!
– Forehead, Eyes and Orbital Margins – Nose, Maxilla and Ears – Mouth and Mandible
• Look, Feel, Move
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Eyes
• Visual Acuity must be assessed and documented
• Fundoscopy • FROEM
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Nose
• Allignment • Patency • Septal Haematoma
– Rare, Document
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Jaw
• Normal bite / malocclusion • Teeth present • Mouth opening • Sublingual haematoma
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X-rays of facial bones
• What to request • ABCs • Systems • Tips and symmetry • Low threshold for senior advice
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Requests
• Orbit and Zygoma injuries ask for ‘facial views’
• Jaw injuries ask for ‘OPG’ and PA mandible
• Do not x-ray nasal bones
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2 Elephants, 4 Rings, Symmetry
1 2
3 4 5 6
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McGrigor’s lines…
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Mandible fractures
• Picture mandible as a bony ring (include base of skull for complete ring)
• One disruption in a bony ring rare - usually a second fracture or dislocation is present
• Second one may be hard to spot
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?
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Summary
• Why did they fall? • Associated injuries? • Specific points in examination • X-rays – use system • Ask for advice