Faceted Classification System in Libraries
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Transcript of Faceted Classification System in Libraries
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FACETED CLASSIFICATION
Lu Bai Andrew Jeffcoat Laura Loveday
Cyndy Moore
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What is a Facet?
Chan (1994) defines the term facet as, “A component (based on a particular characteristic) of a
complex subject” (p. 484).
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Complex Subject:
wine Grape Region
Year Price
4 characteristics / 4 facets
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These characteristics/facets/categories
are:
“MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE”have their own meaning
and“JOINTLY EXHAUSTIVE”
as many facets created as necessary to fully describe the subject
(Denton, 2009)
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Faceted classification works well when an entity possesses three or more characteristics or dimensions that require or would benefit from classification.
Complex Subject: Dishwashing DetergentBrand
CascadeSunlight
DawnGain Form
PowderLiquid
GelPacs
Agent Dishwasher
By Hand ScentLemon
Ocean BreezeGreen Apple
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When classifying an entity using a faceted approach, Kwasnick puts forth the following guidelines:
•Choose facets. Decide, in advance, on important criteria for description. These form the facets or fundamental categories.
•Develop facets. Each facet can be developed/expanded using its own logic and warrant and its own classificatory structure.
•Analyze entities using the facets.
•Develop citation order. In organizing the classified objects, choose a primary facet that will determine the main attribute and a citation order for the other facets (p.40).
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Next-Generation Library Catalogs /
Discovery Tools
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“Research has not yet been determined if technology changes are driving us to drink wine, or we drink wine to help us create and implement new technologies.”
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Faceted Classification Systems
Advantages and Disadvantages
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Advantages
Flexibility of Classification Post-Coordination Support for Rapidly Changing Fields Minimal Theory Requirement Clarification of Terms
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Disadvantages
Difficulty in Expanding Facets Lack of Relationship Amongst Facets Resistance to Visual Analysis
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Clarification of Terms
Faceted classification systems can help to eliminate confusion regarding the most appropriate search terms.
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Flexibility of Classification
Faceted classification systems offer excellent flexibility. Developers need not possess as complete a picture as with more traditional hierarchical systems. Facets can be added over time as need dictates.
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Post-Coordination
• Faceted schemes describes objects of all sorts using independent attributes. Making use of these attributes allows for items to be mixed and matched at the time of retrieval.
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Minimal Theory Requirement
Faceted schemes require little theory and can be constructed ad hoc.
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Support for Rapidly Changing Fields
Fields that experience rapid change can be easily accommodated by changing facets.
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Difficulty in Expanding Facets
Choosing appropriate facets later may be complicated.
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Lack of Relationship Among Facets
Facets may be come isolated, their own “hermit kingdom.”
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Resistance to Visual Analysis
Faceted classification systems might not easily allow for visual representations.
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Ranganathan's Colon Classification
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Origin of Colon Classification
• Shiyali Ramamrita Ranganathan (1892- 1972).• A Hindu mathematician ;• Worked as a librarian;• Started from the limits of traditional enumerative classification systems;• 1930s.
– Five Laws of Library Science (1931) ;– Colon Classification (1933) ;– Classified Catalogue Code (1934) ;– Prolegomena to Library Classification (1937); – Theory of the Library Catalogue (1938).
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Introduction of Colon Classification
• 6 edition;– 1933, 1939, 1950, 1952, 1957, 1960.
• Using the colon as the character;• 108 main classes and 10 generalized classes.– 1933;– Arabic numerals, Roman and Greek letters;– 5 fundamental facets.
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5 Facets of Colon Classification
• , (comma) = Personality: Who• ; (semi-colon) = Matter: What• : (colon) = Energy: How• . (period) = Space: Where• ‘(apostrophe) = Time: When
Notes:– “ . ” = Space and Time before 1960;– Omitting “ , ” is allowed;– Further expansion of the short tables is allowed.
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Example
• A book is about “ Circulation of periodicals in University Libraries in India up to the 1970s”– “Libraries”;– “University Libraries”;– “periodicals”;– “Circulation”;– “India”;– “Up to the 1970s”.
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“ Circulation of periodicals in University Libraries in India up to the 1970s”
• http://www.iskoi.org/doc/colon.htm• Basic Class: – LIBRARY SCIENCE
• Basic Class Number:– “2”
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“ Circulation of periodicals in University Libraries in India up to the 1970s”
• , (comma) = Personality: Who– “University Libraries”• “34”
– “234” (Omitting “ , ” is allowed)
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“ Circulation of periodicals in University Libraries in India up to the 1970s”
• ; (semi-colon) = Matter: What– “Periodicals”• “46”
– “234; 46”
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“ Circulation of periodicals in University Libraries in India up to the 1970s”
• : (colon) = Energy: How– “Circulation”• “6”
– “234; 46: 6”
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“ Circulation of periodicals in University Libraries in India up to the 1970s”
• . (period) = Space: Where– “India”• “44”
– “234; 46: 6. 44”
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“ Circulation of periodicals in University Libraries in India up to the 1970s”
• ‘(apostrophe) = Time: When– “up to the 1970s”• “N7”
– “234; 46: 6. 44’ N7”
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• Is not widely used in libraries;– Academic libraries > public libraries;– Too complex for the patrons.
• Kashyap, M. M. (2001). – “Classified catalogue code of ranganathan: a
proposal to make it compatible for developing computer-based library information systems.”
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Faceted Application of Subject Terminology
• Maintains compatibility with LCSH • Suitable for metadata • Ease of input and retrieval• Affordable maintenance
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Facet Categories
• Personal names• Corporate names• Geographic names• Events• Titles• Time periods• Topics• Form/Genre
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Features
• Subdivisions must belong to the same facet as the subject heading
• First level geographic names are restricted to the Geographic Area Code table, then subdivided
• Personal names are derived from the LC Name Authority file and the name must be a subject in at least one WorldCat record, in the Name Authority File, and for subject use
• Chronological facet is either a single numeric date or a date range
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LC Subject Heading:
650 0 Architects $x Certification $z Maryland.
FAST:
650 7 Architects $x Certification. $2 fast
650 7 Maryland $2 fast
LC Subject Heading:
651 0 $a Rome $x History.
FAST:
651 7 $a Rome (Empire) $2 fast
655 7 $a History $2 fast
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FAST Database
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CONCLUSION