Facade Design
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Transcript of Facade Design
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Facadedesign
Case studies
Building fabric
Role of the external wall Single skin faade
Unitised system Stick system Semi unitised system
Double skin faade
Box window faade Shaft box faade Corridor faade Multi storey faade
Local case studies Mesiniaga
Klcc Menara TA One Plaza atrium
International case study Abu Dhabi tower
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Case studies
BUILDING FABRIC
-Fabric design is amajor factor indetermining the amountof energy a building willuse in its operation.
-If the activity andequipment inside thebuilding generate asignificant amount ofheat, the thermal loadsmay be primarily internal(from people and
equipment) rather thanexternal (from the sun).
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Case studies
ROLE OF EXTERNAL WALL
CONTRIBUTE TO THE REDUCTION IN ENERGYCONSUMPTION
REDUCE DIRECT AND REFLECTED GLARE
MINIMISATION OF WATER PENETRATION ANDCONDENSATION
PROVISION CHOICE OF COLOURS ,TEXTURES ANDFINISHES
MINIMISATION OF LOADING ON THE STRUCTURAL FRAME
MINIMISATION OF MAINTAINANCE REQUIREMENTS
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Case studies
Single skin system
Stick system
-vertical and horizontal system are delivered to the site
-allowing varying degrees in the main structure-externally, appearance of one grid like framework
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Case studies
Single skin system
Unitised system
-pre-assembled in the factory
-reduced construction time on site
-it can producing a four sided structurally-glazed unit
-enables the envelope the appear frameless glass
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Single skin system
Semi-Unitised system
-combination of stick and unitised system
-differences between the previous system:-components are delivered in vertical and horizontal
-glass,pre- glazed in the factory
-erection time is longer and the system can control problems
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Case studies Facade design
DOUBLE SKIN FACADES
The outer faade layer provides:
Protection against weather
Acoustic insulation against external noise
Ventilation of intermediate space and internal rooms
Type of Double-skin Facades:
Box window facades
Shaft-box facades
Corridor facades
Multi-storey facades
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Case studies Facade design
This type of faade is suited for solidfacades with punched openings wheregreater importance is attached to privacybetween rooms and high external noiselevel
Box window facade
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Case studies Facade design
Box window facadeHigh-rise block, Potsdamer Platz 1, Berlin
Interior of Potsdamer Platz 1, Berlin
Exterior of Potsdamer Platz 1, Berlin
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Case studies Facade design
Shaft-box facade
It consist of a system of box windows withcontinuous vertical shaft that extendsover a number of stories to create a stackeffect.
This faade layout consists of analternation of box windows and verticalshaft segments.
As shaft box facades require small size ofthe external openings, where particularlyhigh levels of external sound insulation
are required.
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Case studies Facade design
Shaft-box facadeARAG 2000 Tower, Dusseldorf
View of faade for ARAG 2000 building. Theshafts occupy single bays between pairs of boxwindows.
View along intermediate space between faadepayers. In every 3rd bay, there is an extractshaft, which is open at the top.
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Case studies Facade design
Corridor facade
Corridor facades are especiallyeffective with regard toventilation; on the other hand,they limit the sound insulationbetween rooms.
They are usually laid out instaggered form from bay tobay to prevent vitiated airextracted on one floor enteringthe space on the floorimmediately above.
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Case studies Facade design
Corridor facadeDusseldorf City Gate
South face ofCity Gate in Dusseldorf,
with the entrance to the Rhineembankment tunnel beneath
View along faade corridor in City Gate. The
staggered air-intake and extract gratings can beseen in the floor and soffit
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Case studies Facade design
Multi-storey facades
It is commonly used where it is not possibleto do without a mechanical form ofventilation or where a glazed facadeswithout openings is required.
Also when the external noise are extremelyhigh.
Section through Victoria Ensemble, Colonge. Airstreams into intermideate space via a trench aythe foot of the faade, ascends over the height
of the building and is emitted at roof level.
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Case studies Facade design
Multi-storey facadesVictoria Ensemble, Cologne
The use of multi-storey faade remove the need foropenings distributed over the entire height of the building.
The internal rooms are mechanicallyventilated, it was possible to positionthe sunblind close to the internal skin.
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Case studies Facade design
Local Case Studies
Petronas Twin Tower Mesiniaga Menara TA One
Plaza atrium
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Case studies Facade design
PETRONAS TWIN TOWER
OFFICIAL NAME : Petronas Twin Tower
LOCATION : Kuala LumpurHEIGHT : 452 m
FLOORS : 88 Storeys
BUILDING USES : Commercial and Offices
FACTS
World tallest building 1998-2004, thatpreceded Sears Tower and surpassedby Taipei 101
Constructed largely of reinforcedconcrete, with a steel and glass faade
The floor plan design, featuring a simple
use of geometrical patterns andexpressing the dominance of Islamicculture and art in Malaysia
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Case studies Facade design
Stainless-steel sunshades to diffuse theintense equatorial light to minimize the heatand glare entering the building
Reflect the play of light and shadow,expressing the tropical environment.
Reduce heat gain from the sunlight andultraviolet (UV) transmission by using tintedlaminated glass.
The use of modern materials, stainless-steelcladding to create a sense of climaticresponsiveness.
The cladding of the towers, combining linen-finish stainless steel and projectingsunshades to give the towers a rich sense of
depth and texture.
The shaded windows with deep overhangs,which respond to the tropical climate.
Petronas Twin Tower
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Case studies Facade design
MESINIAGA
OFFICIAL NAME : Menara Mesiniaga
LOCATION : Subang Jaya, SelangorFLOORS : 15 Storeys
BUILDING USES : Regional Headquarter forIBM agency
FACTS
Designed by Ken Yeang
The most strking design feature is theplanting that is introduced to the faadeand skycourts, starting from a 3 storeyhigh plated mound (berm) and sprailling
Lift lobbies are naturally ventilated and
are sun-lit with view outside
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Case studies Facade design
Aluminum fins and louvers as sunshading
All windows facing east and westhave external louvers as solarshading to reduce heat gain into theinternal space
The windows without direct solarinsolation (north and south) haveunshielded curtain walled glazing
for good views and to maximizenatural lighting.
Full height glass fronts givepartitioned offices access to views
The interstitial spaces giveaesthetic and architecturalexpression to the building
Mesiniaga Tower
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Case studies
MENARA BUDAYA,KUALA LUMPUR.
OFFICIAL NAME : MENARA TA ONELOCATION : JALAN LAW YEWSWEE
HEIGHT : 151 m (495 ft)FLOORS : 37 STOREYSBUILDING USES : OFFICE
FACTS-MENARA BUDAYA OCCUPIES ANARROW RECTUNGULAR SITE
-THE SERVICE CORE,WHICH CONSISTOF THE LIFT LOBBY,TOILETS,FIRESTAIRS,AND MECHANICAL ANDELECTRICAL (M&E) ROOMS,ISLOCATEDON THE EAST SIDE OF THESTRUCTURE
-IT ACTS AS A BARRIERSHIELD,KEEPING THE MORNING SUNOUT OF THE OFFICES AND ALLOWINGNATURAL LIGHTING INTO THE COREAREAS
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Case studies
FAADE OF THE BUILDING
ROOF TOP LEVEL : COMMUNAL SPACEAND THE TENSILE STRUCTURE ACTS ASENTERTAINMENT AREA
THE EXTERNAL SKIN IS GLAZED WITHTEMPERED FLOAT GLASS
VARIETY OF SUN SHADING DEVICES ON
THE WEST AND SOUTH FACING FACADES.ADVANTAGES OF TEMPERED FLOAT GLASS
-HAS 3 TIMES THE RESISTANCE TO RAPIDTEMPERATURE CHANGES.
-ALSO CLASSIFIED AS A `SAFETY GLASS`
-COMBINED WITH TINTED &REFLECTIVEGLASS,PRODUCE HIGH LEVEL OF PERFORMANCEFOR THERMAL STRESS,THERMAL AND LIGHT
TRANSMISSION.
DISADVANTAGES
-FULLY TEMPERED GLASS COMPOSITION MAYCAUSE SPONTANEOUS BREAKAGE.
-BECOMES A HAZARD TO ANYONE OR ANYTHINGAT GROUND LEVEL.
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Case studies Core design
:
PLAZA ATRIUM,KUALALUMPUR
OFFICIAL NAME : PLAZA ATRIUMFLOORS : 22 STOREYBUILDING USES : OFFICE & COMPLEXCONCEPT : RESPONSIVE FORM
FOR TROPICALHIGH RISEBUILDINGS.
MAIN FEATURE : EXTERNAL ATRIUMACTS ASTRADITONAL SPACEWITH STEPPED BACKTERRACES.
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Case studies
VENTILATED ATRIUM-ACTS AS WIND SCOOP-ALSO ACTS AS TRANSITIONAL SPACE.
TINTED GLASS OR HEAT ABSORBING GLASS-ABSORBS HEAT FROM THE SUN AND STILLPERMITTING THE A HIGH LEVEL OF LIGHTPENETRATION AND MINIMISING EXCESSGLARE.
-MORE DARKER THE TINT OF THE GLASS,LESS HEAT IS TRANSMITTED THROUGH THE
PANEL (GIVING LOWER TEMPERATUREINTERNALLY)
DISADVANTAGES-REDUCED LIGHT TRANSMITTANCE WITHSOME COLOURS
-COLOUR BECOMES DARKER AS GLASSBECOMES THICKER
-WHEN BROKEN,IT CRACKS INTO LARGEPIECES .
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Case studies Facade design
International Case Study
Chamber of Commerce, AbuDhabi
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Case studies
CHAMBER OF COMMERCE,ABU DHABI,UNITED ARAB EMIRATES.
OFFICIAL NAME : ABU DHABI TOWERLOCATION : ALONG THE ARABIAN GULFFLOORS : 36 STOREYBUILDING USES : OFFICEAIM : -ESTABLISHING A VISUAL
PERCEPTION
-RECOGNITION ASARCHITECTURALLANDMARK
-DRAMATIC LIGHTINGEFFECT WILL REINFORECETHIS CONCEPT.
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Case studies
THE EXTERNAL SKIN IS GLAZED WITH HEATREFLECTIVE GLASS EITHER COATED ORLAMINATED BY MEANS ADHESIVE FILM.
ADVANTAGES-REDUCED EXCESS GLARE
-REFLECT SOLAR RADIATION AWAY FROMBUILDING
DISADVANTAGES-MAY CAUSE `HEAT POLLUTION` OFNEIGHBOURING BUILDINGS
-GLARE ( MOTORISTS VISION MAY BE AFFECTED
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The End