FABRICATION OF SENSOR OPERATED MOBILE PLATFORM

FOR RAILWAY STATION

ABSTRACT

The Automatic Mobile platform refers a type of system that can be used in

production as well as in other industries, and particularly for railway station etc.

This system includes a compressed operated remote sensing locomotive (carrier)

on which a small lift is provided, specific path over which it moves, sensors for

sensing the obstructions on the path of the carrier or track also sensors for sensing

the load of the train from where load wants to carry and to where.

The remote sensing carrier moves using the electric electrical control from

the control unit. It moves with a low and constant speed on the prescribed path.

The path has a specific colour. The bottom of the track have sensor which is

always coupled with the path finder. From the remote station we send only

information for moving the carrier, not for steering it. The steering is done by the

path. The front and rear side of carrier junction contains for pneumatic cylinders in

both sides.

As it reaches the collecting station, its top floor lift to a small distance and

lift the stand which contains the parts wants to assemble, supply. And the carrier

moves through the path and reaches the other plat form in railway station. The

sensor provided on the carrier detected the station and unload the stand contains

assembly parts at that station. And move to collecting stations again. Continues

working cycles for making this project a reality.

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

A railway platform is a section of pathway, alongside rail tracks at a railway

station, metro station or tram stop, at which passengers may board or alight from

trains or trams. Almost all rail stations have some form of platform, with larger

stations having multiple platforms.

Existing model:

The present railway systems in India are not automated which are

fully manmade. In railway stations normally we use bridges. It is very difficult for

the elderly persons or handicapped persons to use the bridge .This paper find a

good solution. Mainly the tracking of a train is sensed by sensor, this is used for

automatically close/open the mobile platform. Sensors are placed on two sides of

track to sense the motion of train. The microcontroller will sense the presence of

trains by using infrared sensors. So on sensing the train on one path, the controller

will give pulses to the stepper motor to close the mobile platform automatically.

Embedded system is a system which comprises both hardware and software

to perform specific function .It is design to do some specific task, rather than to be

a general purpose computer for multiple tasks.

The hardware components to be used are:

1. IR SENSOR: IR SENSOR is a device that emits and detects infrared radiation in

order to sense some aspect of its surroundings. It can sense the heat of an object

and detection motion. The radiation is invisible to our eyes but can be detected by

an infrared sensor that accepts and interrupts it.

2. LCD: It is a type of display used in digital watches and many portable computer

.It utilize two sheets of polarizing material with a liquid solution between them.

3. LED: It is a semiconductor light source used as an indicator lamps and are used

for lighting.

4. DC MOTOR: The gear having smaller radius will cover more RPM than the one

with larger radius .The comparison between input and output gear gives the gear

ratio.

POWER SUPPLY: The main components used in power supply are transformer,

rectifier, filter and regulator. The 230V ac supply is converted into12V ac supply

through the transformer. The output of the transformer has the same frequency as

in the input ac power. The ac power is converted into dc power through the diodes.

The bridge diode is used to convert the ac supply to dc supply. This converted dc

supply has the ripple content and for the normal operation of the circuit, the ripple

content of the dc power supply should be as low as possible because the ripple

content of the power supply will reduce the life of circuit.

1. TRANSFORMER: Transformers convert ac electricity from one voltage to

another voltage. Step-up transformers increase voltage, step-down transformer

reduce voltage. Power supplies use a step-down transformer to reduce the high

main voltage to a safer low voltage.

2. RECTIFIER: The rectifier is a device such as a semiconductor cable of

converting sinusoidal input waveform units into a unidirectional waveform with a

non-zero average component. The input to the circuit is applied to the diagonally

opposite corners of the network and the output is taken from the remaining two

corners.

3. FILTER: The capacitors are used as filters in the power supply unit. Shunting

the load with the capacitor, effects filtering. The action of the system depends upon

the fact the capacitor stores energy during the conduction period and delivers this

energy to the load during the inverse or non-conducting period.

4.REGULATOR:The voltage regulator comprise a class of widely used

IC’s.Regulator IC units contain the circuitry for reference source, comparator

amplifier,control device, over load protection all in a single IC.IC units provide

regulation of either a fixed positive voltage, a fixed negative voltage or an

adjustable set voltage.

5. MICROCONTROLLER: Separate code and data spaces .A small number of

fixed length instructions. Most instructions are single delay cycle upon branches

and skips. The program is also mapped into the data space and writable. It consists

of a memory which is used to permanently save the program being executed.

6. DC MOTOR: The gear having smaller radius will cover more RPM than the

one with larger radius. The larger gear will give more torque to the smaller gear

than vice versa. Multiple gears are connected together, conservation of energy is

followed.

7. LED: The wavelength of light emitted, and thus its color, depends on the band

gap energy of the materials forming the p-n junction. In silicon or germanium

diodes, the electrons and holes recombine by anon-radioactive transition, which

produces no optical emission, because these are indirect band gap materials.

TYPES OF INFRARED SENSORS

ACTIVE INFRARED SENSOR Active sensors employ both infrared source and

infrared detectors .They operate by transmitting energy from either a light emitting

diode or laser diode .A led is used for a non-imaging active IR detector ,and a laser

diode is used for an imaging active IR detector.

BREAK BEAM SENSOR This type of sensor consists of a pair of light emitting

and light detecting elements. Infrared source transmits a beam of light towards a

remote IR receive creating an electronic fence.

REFLECTANCE SENSOR This type of sensors house both an IR source and an

IR detector in a single housing in such a way that light from emitter LED bounces

off an external object and is reflected into a detector .Amount of light reflected into

the detector depends upon the reflectivity of the surface.

LEDs are used as indicator lamps in many devices and are increasingly used

for lighting .When a light emitting diode is switched on, electrons are able to

recombine with holes within the device, releasing energy in the form of

photons .This effect is called electro luminance, and the color of the light is

determined by the energy band gap of the semiconductor.

The LED consists of a chip of semiconducting material doped with

impurities to create p-n junction. Charge carriers electrons and holes flow into the

junction from electrodes with different voltages. When an electron meets a hole, it

falls into a lower energy level and releases energy in the form of a photon. The of

the light emitted , and thus its color, depends on the band gap energy of the

material forming the pnjunction.The materials used for the LEDs have a direct

band gap with energies corresponding to near infra-red, visible, or near-ultraviolet

light.

The working of the gears is explained by the principal of conservation of

angular momentum. The gear having smaller radius will cover more RPM than the

one with larger radius, the larger gear will give more torque to the smaller gear

than vice versa. RPM and torque are inversely proportional. The gear having more

torque will provide a lesser RPM and converse.

The gear connecting the motor and the gear head is quite small, it transfers

more speed to the larger teeth part of the gear head and makes it rotate. The larger

part of the gear further turns the smaller duplex part. The small duplex part

receives the torque but not the speed from its predecessor which it transfers to

larger part of other gear and so on.

A relay is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use an electromagnet

to operate a switching mechanism, but other operating principles are also

used .Relays find application where it is necessary to control a circuit by a low-

power signal. Relay found extensive use in telephones exchange and early

computer to perform logical operations. Solid-state relays control power circuits

with no moving parts, instead using a semiconductor device triggered by light to

perform switching.

A small electronic relay consist of a coil surrounding a soft iron core, an iron

yoke, which produces a low reluctance path for magnetic flux, a movable iron

armature, when the relay id de-energized there is an air-gap in the magnetic circuit.

In this condition, one of the two sets of contacts in the relay is closed, and the other

set is open. Other relays may have more or fewer sets of contacts depending on

their function .When an electric current is passed through the coil, the resulting

magnetic field attracts the armature, and the consequent moment of the movable

contact or contacts either makes or breaks a connection with a fixed contact. If the

set of contacts was closed when the relay was de-energized, then the movement

opens the contacts and breaks the connection, if the contacts were open.

This experiment is used for automatically close/open the mobile platform .It

saves the time for passengers to cross the next platform. Thus the sensing is made

continuously whenever the train arrives and passes through.

Proposed model:

In this model we proposed the model of sensor operated mobile platform for

railway station using the mechanism of pneumatic cylinder sensed by the infra-red

sensor. The proposed model is automated system which replaces the existing

model.

Thus the tracking of train is sensed continuously, which automatically

close/open the mobile platform is partially automated which is beneficial for

passengers to cross the rail grade crossing. The system into a fully automated

instead of climbing the staircase. This efficient method will be more compact for

scheduling the train timings for reaching the particular destination and also for

crossing the suitable platforms.

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

Rapid, or heavy, rail transit is the highest capacity urban transit mode.

Operating on exclusive rights of way, and grade-separated from motor vehicle

traffic, rapid rail typically operates underground in subways or above ground on

elevated lines. Unlike buses and light rail transit – which passengers can board or

alight at relatively simple, austere stops or stations – subways and elevated lines

stop only at grade-separated stations where passengers must move to and from

track platforms, ticketing areas, and adjacent streets.

These stations are frequently complex pieces of engineering and

architectural design in their own rights, where tens of thousands of people move,

wait, transfer, and sometimes shop in a single day. This report examines how the

movement of people through these stations is analyzed and planned. Because many

subway and elevated transit stations have been in service for decades, they often

must accommodate in the same physical space more passengers than they

originally were designed to handle.

Thus, transit station designers and transit operators not only must devise

strategies to provide safe and comfortable movement of passengers through transit

stations, they also must implement these strategies within an environment of

physical and financial constraints. Therefore, an important goal of this report is to

explain how transit system managers, planners, and designers provide optimal

passenger flow.

Conceptual diagram of rail station passenger flow

Railway Track Pedestrian Crossing between Platforms G.Prabhavathi,

B.Sanjana, Ms.S.P.Dhivya (Ap/Ece):

This project is used for automatically close or opens the mobile platforms in

between the track trains. Normally the mobile platform connects the two platforms

through which the passenger can walk on the platform to reach on the next

platform Sensors are placed on the two sides of track.

if the train reaches one sensor the mobile platform will automatically close

and allows the train to go through the tracks and then when the train leaves the

second sensor the mobile platform will automatically open the bridging platforms.

The microcontroller will sense the presence of train by using infrared sensor. So on

sensing the train on one path controller will give pulses to the stepper motor to

close the mobile platform automatically.

Advance Facilities at Railway Station Varad B. Patil1 and S.D. Rahul

Bhardwaj2:

The main aim of this project is to automate railway track pedestrian crossing

without use staircase & announce the status of the arrival for platform users. In this

system is also used to avoid train collision problems. Because, now a days train

accidents are occurring frequently in India. The one of the main reason for train

accident is the traveling of two trains in same track in opposite direction. In order

to avoid the accidents due to the above reason we have designed this project. This

project identifies the status of each train using IR transceivers and informs it to

microcontroller.

If the sensor unit identifies both trains in same track means microcontroller

automatically trip the supply of the trains, which is more than sufficient to avoid

this kind of accident. This project is used to avoid the train collusion, thus we save

the valuable human lives and losses. So this project is useful for railway

department.

Now the braking is applied directly to the trains. So the interchanging of

poles becomes too late, so the train will stop with some time delay. On viewing the

platform crossing, it is difficult for the physically challenged people. Since it has

steps over the tracks.

Normally manual braking system is used to avoid collision. In addition to

this we are using switching of tracks and train timing adjustments which is time

consuming process. Manual braking too works only if it is noticed by the train

driver. No artificial platform to minimize the distance to travel from one platform

to other.

The entire network will control by programming manner for that embedded

system is used. If trains come poles of the tracks are automatically interchanged.

So that we can stop the train. During non-running times of tracks the artificial

platforms are allowed over the tracks. Identifies the status of each train using IR

transceivers and informs it to microcontroller.

If the sensor unit identifies both trains in same track means microcontroller

automatically trip the supply of the trains, which is more than sufficient to avoid

collision. An automatic pedestrian crossing bridge to reduce the distance travelled

between platforms which works depends on train movement.

Advance Facilities at Railway Station Vasrad B. Patil1 and S.D. Rahul

Bhardwaj2:

This is a user friendly system providing smart facilities at railway stations.

The system is providing horizontal automatic mobile surface platforms at the

extremes of the railway station, by the use of which the passengers (especially

senior citizens, physically disabled) can cross the platform easily, in less time,

avoiding the foot over bridge. It is also helpful to transfer heavy goods. This

system is also providing useful information to the passengers through NFC

information corners placed at various places in the railway station. NFC tags are

placed at those information corners.

NFC tags are uploaded with the information which is useful to the

passengers such as railway station map, railway timings, PNR status, city map,

visiting places in city, boarding places in city etc. Arrived passengers at the railway

station can receive this information by tapping those NFC tags with their NFC

enabled phones. In addition to these features the system can also providing

automatic room light controller facility at the waiting hall that takes over the task

of controlling the lights and fans in order to save power.

The sensors are provided at the corners of the seating arrangement to sense

the presence of the passengers and accordingly switch the lights and fans over that

seating arrangement.

CHAPTER-3

MANUFACTURING PROCESSES

Manufacturing processes are the steps through which raw materials are

transformed into a final product. The manufacturing process begins with the

creation of the materials from which the design is made. These materials are then

modified through manufacturing processes to become the required part.

Manufacturing processes can include treating (such as heat treating or coating),

machining, or reshaping the material. The manufacturing process also includes

tests and checks for quality assurance during or after the manufacturing, and

planning the production process prior to manufacturing.

METAL CUTTING:

Metal cutting or machining is the process of by removing unwanted material

from a block of metal in the form of chips.

Cutting processes work by causing fracture of the material that is processed.

Usually, the portion that is fractured away is in small sized pieces, called chips.

Common cutting processes include sawing, shaping (or planning), broaching,

drilling, grinding, turning and milling. Although the actual machines, tools and

processes for cutting look very different from each other, the basic mechanism for

causing the fracture can be understood by just a simple model called for orthogonal

cutting.

In all machining processes, the work piece is a shape that can entirely cover

the final part shape. The objective is to cut away the excess material and obtain the

final part. This cutting usually requires to be completed in several steps – in each

step, the part is held in a fixture, and the exposed portion can be accessed by the

tool to machine in that portion. Common fixtures include vise, clamps, 3-jaw or 4-

jaw chucks, etc. Each position of holding the part is called a setup. One or more

cutting operation may be performed, using one or more cutting tools, in each setup.

To switch from one setup to the next, we must release the part from the previous

fixture, change the fixture on the machine, clamp the part in the new position on

the new fixture, set the coordinates of the machine tool with respect to the new

location of the part, and finally start the machining operations for this setup.

Therefore, setup changes are time-consuming and expensive, and so we

should try to do the entire cutting process in a minimum number of setups; the task

of determining the sequence of the individual operations, grouping them into (a

minimum number of) setups, and determination of the fixture used for each setup,

is called process planning.

These notes will be organized in three sections:

(i) Introduction to the processes,

(ii) The orthogonal cutting model and tool life optimization and

(iii) Process planning and machining planning for milling.

SAWING:

Cold saws are saws that make use of a circular saw blade to cut through

various types of metal, including sheet metal. The name of the saw has to do with

the action that takes place during the cutting process, which manages to keep both

the metal and the blade from becoming too hot. A cold saw is powered with

electricity and is usually a stationary type of saw machine rather than a portable

type of saw.

The circular saw blades used with a cold saw are often constructed of high

speed steel. Steel blades of this type are resistant to wear even under daily usage.

The end result is that it is possible to complete a number of cutting projects before

there is a need to replace the blade. High speed steel blades are especially useful

when the saws are used for cutting through thicker sections of metal.

Along with the high speed steel blades, a cold saw may also be equipped

with a blade that is tipped with tungsten carbide. This type of blade construction

also helps to resist wear and tear. One major difference is that tungsten tipped

blades can be re-sharpened from time to time, extending the life of the blade. This

type of blade is a good fit for use with sheet metal and other metallic components

that are relatively thin in design.

WELDING:

Welding is a process for joining similar metals. Welding joins metals by

melting and fusing 1, the base metals being joined and 2, the filler metal applied.

Welding employs pinpointed, localized heat input. Most welding involves ferrous-

based metals such as steel and stainless steel. Weld joints are usually stronger than

or as strong as the base metals being joined.

Welding is used for making permanent joints. It is used in the manufacture

of automobile bodies, aircraft frames, railway wagons, machine frames, structural

works, tanks, furniture, boilers, general repair work and ship building.

OPERATION:

Several welding processes are based on heating with an electric arc, only a

few are considered here, starting with the oldest, simple arc welding, also known

as shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) or stick welding. 

In this process an electrical machine (which may be DC or AC, but

nowadays is usually AC) supplies current to an electrode holder which carries an

electrode which is normally coated with a mixture of chemicals or flux. An earth

cable connects the work piece to the welding machine to provide a return path for

the current. The weld is initiated by tapping ('striking') the tip of the electrode

against the work piece which initiates an electric arc. The high temperature

generated (about 6000oC) almost instantly produces a molten pool and the end of

the electrode continuously melts into this pool and forms the joint.

The operator needs to control the gap between the electrode tip and the work

piece while moving the electrode along the joint.

In the shielded metal arc welding process (SMAW) the 'stick' electrode is

covered with an extruded coating of flux. The heat of the arc melts the flux which

generates a gaseous shield to keep air away from the molten pool and also flux

ingredients react with unwanted impurities such as surface oxides, creating a slag

which floats to the surface of the weld pool. This forms a crust which protects the

weld while it is cooling. When the weld is cold the slag is chipped off.

The SMAW process cannot be used on steel thinner than about 3mm and

being a discontinuous process it is only suitable for manual operation. It is very

widely used in jobbing shops and for onsite steel construction work. A wide range

of electrode materials and coatings are available enabling the process to be applied

to most steels, heat resisting alloys and many types of cast iron.

CHAPTER 4

COMPONENTS AND DETAIL

• Train track model (MS Plate)

• Pneumatic Cylinder (Double acting) (2)

• Electric Solenoid Valve

• Frame Plate (MS Plate)

• Platform Model

• Control Unit

PNEUMATIC CYLINDER:

Cylinder is a device which converts fluid power into liner mechanical force

and motion. These cylinders are widely used in industrial pneumatic systems.

These cylinders are also called as linear motors and reciprocating motors

pneumatic cylinders are designed for a variety of services.

Pneumatic cylinders are designed for a variety of services. Pneumatic

cylinders transforms the flow of pressured fluid into a push or pull of the piston rod

since out system uses double acting cylinders we shall see some details about

them.

Double acting cylinders are in one in which fluid force can be applied to the

movable element in two directories. The force exerted by the compressed air

moves the piston in two directories in a double acting cylinder. They are used

particularly. The piston is required to perform work not only on the advance

movement but also on the return. In principle, the stroke length is unlimited,

although bucking and bending must be considered before we select a particular

size of piston diameter, rod length and stroke length.

The main component of any pneumatic system is the cylinder, which

receivers air under pressure and the pressurized air helps to move the piston to and

fro. The force acting on the piston will be equal to the product of the pressure of

air and the area of the cylinder.

The amount of air delivered into the cylinder into the cylinder decides the

rate of doing work. A cylinder is a hollow circular section with the top and bottom

flange provided to prevent the leakage of air.

The compressed air is used to actuate the piston. In order to move the piston

to and fro, the air is supplied to the top and bottom of the cylinder alternatively.

Cylinder is mainly classified into two types namely,

Single acting cylinder.

Double acting cylinder.

In single acting cylinder, using the spring provided around the piston rod

attains the return stroke, but it is not efficient. So, the double acting cylinder is

used in which the return stroke is attained using compressed air.

Double Acting Cylinder

In this the force exerted by the compressed air moves the piston in two

directions. They are used partially when the piston is required to perform work not

only on the advance movement but also on the return stroke. This principle, the

stroke length is unlimited, although bucking and bending must be considered

before selecting the particular size of piston diameter, rod length and stroke length.

DOUBLE ACTING PNEUMATIC CYLINDER:

• Stroke length : Cylinder stoker length 160 mm = 0.16 m

• Quantity : 1

• Seals : Nitride (Buna-N) Elastomer

• End cones : Cast iron

• Piston : EN – 8

• Media : Air

• Temperature: 0-80 º C

• Pressure Range : 8 N/m².

PNEUMATIC CYLINDER DESIGN:

Design of Piston rod:

Load due to air Pressure.

  Diameter of the Piston (d) = 40 mm

Pressure acting (p) = 6 kgf/cm²

= 6 ×0.981

= 5.886 bar = 0.5886N/mm2

Material used for rod = C 45

(Data book page no 1.12)

Yield stress (σy) = 36 kgf/mm²

= 36×98.1

= 3531.6 bar

= 353.16N/mm2

Factor of safety = 2(data book page.no 8.19)

Force acting on the rod (F) = Pressure x Area

= p x (Πd² / 4)

= 0.5886 x {(Π x 40²) / 4}

F = 739.6 N

 

Design Stress (σy) = σy / F0 S

= 353.16 / 2

= 176.5N/mm2

∴d = √4F/π [σy]

= √ (4×739.6)/ π [176.5]

∴ Minimum diameter of rod required for the load = 2.3 mm

We assume diameter of the rod = 15 mm

Length of piston rod:

Approach stroke = 160 mm

Length of threads = 2 x 20= 40mm

Extra length due to front cover = 12 mm

Extra length of accommodate head = 20 mm

Total length of the piston rod =160 + 40 + 12 + 20

= 232 mm

By standardizing, length of the piston rod = 230 mm.

Solenoid Valve

The directional valve is one of the important parts of a pneumatic system.

Commonly known as DCV, this valve is used to control the direction of air flow in

the pneumatic system. The directional valve does this by changing the position of

its internal movable parts.

This valve was selected for speedy operation and to reduce the manual

effort and also for the modification of the machine into automatic machine by

means of using a solenoid valve. A solenoid is an electrical device that converts

electrical energy into straight line motion and force. These are also used to operate

a mechanical operation which in turn operates the valve mechanism.

Solenoids may be push type or pull type. The push type solenoid is one in

which the plunger is pushed when the solenoid is energized electrically. The pull

type solenoid is one in which the plunger is pulled when the solenoid is energized.

The name of the parts of the solenoid should be learned so that they can be

recognized when called upon to make repairs, to do service work or to install them.

Working of Solenoid Valve:

The solenoid valve has 5 openings. This ensure easy exhausting of 5/2

valve. The spool of the 5/2 valve slide inside the main bore according to spool

position; the ports get connected and disconnected. The working principle is as

follows.

Position-1

When the spool is actuated towards outer direction port ‘P’ gets connected to

‘B’ and ‘S’ remains closed while ‘A’ gets connected to ‘R’

Poisition-2

When the spool is pushed in the inner direction port ‘P’ and ‘A’ gets

connected to each other and ‘B’ to ‘S’ while port ‘R’ remains closed.

HOUSE AND FITINGS:

It is provided for the passage of compressed air from the compressor outlet

to the operating valve.

Two separate pipes also connect the operating valve with the working

cylinder pressure drop through and airline depends on the flow rate, pipe diameter,

and pipe length and pipe geometry. It can be determined directly for straight pipes

of any given length. A small chaining bore size can have marked effect on

pressure drop, whereas even doubling the pipe length, will only result in doubling

the pressure drop.

Pressure drop through bends and fittings can only be determined by

empirical tests, since it is specific to the internal geometry involved. Rigid pipes

however are less manipulated through remain form of bends with arrangements

increase and variable air have to flow and the flow itself may be of fluctuating or

pulsating nature. In this case it is thus normally based on practical

recommendation.

FLOW CONTROL VALVE:

Flow Control Valves are fitted to all the distribution tubes. This valve is

made of brass. Both the ends have stepped surface to insert hoses. A handle is

provided to control the flow of oil in every valve.

(a) Technical Data:

Size : ¼”

Media : Air

Port size : 0.635 x 10 ֿ² m

Pressure : 0-8 x 10 ⁵ N/m²

Media : Air

Quantity : 1

CONNECTOR:

• Max working pressure : 10 x 10 ⁵ N/m²

• Temperature : 0-100 º C

• Fluid media : Air

• Material : Brass.

HOSE SPECIFICATION:

• Max pressure : 10 x 10 ⁵ N/m²

• Outer diameter : 6 mm = 6 x 10 ˉ ³m

• Inner diameter : 3.5 mm = 3.5 x 10 ˉ ³m.

(b) Purpose:

This valve is used to speed up the piston movement and also it acts as a one

– way restriction valve which means that the air can pass through only one way

and it can’t return back.

By using this valve the time consumption is reduced because of the faster

movement of the piston.

Train track model (MS Plate):

LINE SKETCH MODEL

TRAIN TRACK

PNEUMATIC CYLINDER:

ELECTRO SOLENOID VALVE:

SOLENOID SPECIFICATIONS:

CHAPTER 5

WORKING PRINCIPLE

The Automatic Mobile platform refers a type of system that can be used in

production as well as in other industries, and particularly for railway station etc.

This system includes a compressed operated remote sensing locomotive

(carrier) on which a small lift is provided, specific path over which it moves,

sensors for sensing the obstructions on the path of the carrier or track. Also sensors

for sensing the load of the train from where load wants to carry and to where.

The remote sensing carrier moves using the electric electrical control from

the control unit. It moves with a low and constant speed on the prescribed path.

The path has a specific color. The bottom of the track have sensor which is always

coupled with the path finder. From the remote station we s end only information

for moving the carrier, not for steering it. The steering is done by the path. The

front and rear side of carrier junction contains for pneumatic cylinders in both

sides.

As it reaches the collecting station, its top floor lift to a small distance and

lift the stand which contains the parts wants to assemble, supply. And the carrier

moves through the path and reaches the other plat form in railway station.

The sensor provided on the carrier detected the station and unload the stand

contains assembly parts at that station. And move to collecting stations again.

Continues working cycles for making this project a reality.

CHAPTER 6

BLOCK DIAGRAM

CHAPTER 7

ADVANTAGE AND APPLICATION

ADVANTAGES:

• Speed of delivery

• Adjustment of vehicle speed

• Flexibility of path

• Adaptive to changes in factory layouts

• Avoid collision with other objects

• Reduction in running cost compared to conveyer systems

• Ability to add sensors to detect the payload conditions

• Ability to adjust the lifting time

• Continues cycle of working

• Conditions for line following can be change easily

APPLICATIONS:

Public transport facility.

CHAPTER-8

LIST OF MATERIALS

Sl. No. PARTS Qty. Material

i. Pneumatic Double Acting Cylinder 1 steel

ii. 5/2 Direction Control Valve 1 Aluminium

iii. Polyethylene Tube - Polyurethene

iv. Hose Collar and Reducer - Brass

V. Stand (Frame) 1 Mild steel

CHAPTER-9

COST ESTIMATION

MATERIAL COST:

Sl. No. PARTS Qty. Material Amount (Rs)

i. Pneumatic Double Acting

Cylinder

1 steel

ii. 5/2 Direction Control Valve 1 Aluminum

iii. Polyethylene Tube - Polyurethane

iv. Hose Collar and Reducer - Brass

V. Stand (Frame) 1 Mild steel

vi. IR Sensor and Timing control

unit

1 Electronics

TOTAL =

CHAPTER-10

CONCLUSION

This project work has provided us an excellent opportunity and experience,

to use our limited knowledge. We gained a lot of practical knowledge regarding,

planning, purchasing, assembling and machining while doing this project work.

We feel that the project work is a good solution to bridge the gates between

institution and industries.

We are proud that we have completed the work with the limited time

successfully. The “FABRICATION OF SENSOR OPERATED MOBILE

PLATFORM FOR RAILWAY STATION” is working with satisfactory

conditions. We are able to understand the difficulties in maintaining the tolerances

and also quality. We have done to our ability and skill making maximum use of

available facilities. In conclusion remarks of our project work, let us add a few

more lines about our impression project work.

Thus we have developed a “FABRICATION OF SENSOR OPERATED

MOBILE PLATFORM FOR RAILWAY STATION” which helps to know

how to achieve low cost automation. The operating procedure of this system is

very simple, so any person can operate. By using more techniques, they can be

modified and developed according to the applications.

REFERENCES

1. Gorakhpur gets world's largest railway platform - The Times of India.

2. Dinda, Archisman (October 9, 2013). "Uttar Pradesh gets world’s longest

railway platform". GulfNews.com. Retrieved9 October 2013.

3. Microcontroller Based Mobile Platform with Fiber Optic Sensors

P.B.Buchade.

4. International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) –

Volume 4 Issue 9- Sep 2013 Autonomous Mobile Platform for Intelligent

Control of Robot G.SUBBARAYUDU1 , Y.ARUNA SUHASINI DEVI2 ,

ABD SUBHANI SHAIKUL3.

5. Current and Future Mobile Platforms Hendika Sugiharto Berlin Institute of

Technology, Germany hendika@cs.tu-berlin.de June 30, 2010.

6. Current and Future Mobile Platforms Hendika Sugiharto Berlin Institute of

Technology,Germany hendika@cs.tu-berlin.de June 30, 2010.

7. Autonomous Mobile Platform for Intelligent Control of Robot

G.SUBBARAYUDU1, Y.ARUNA SUHASINI DEVI2, ABD SUBHANI

SHAIKUL3.

8. Automatic Railway Gate and Crossing Control based Sensors &

Microcontroller Ahmed Salih Mahdi. Al-Zuhairi*1.

9. Platform–train interface for rail passengers – technology review Project

Leader: Dr Dhamodharan Raman Authors: Rajkumar Devadoss, Shan Sanjar

Ahmad and Dr Dhamodharan Raman.