f Performance Evaluation - Club of · PDF fileParish Nalavade Asian Institute of Technology...
1
Parish Nalavade Asian Institute of Technology Email: [email protected] Giuseppe Pellizzi International Best PhD Prize Handling of crop residues, especially those left after harvesting crops like paddy and sugarcane found to be labor intensive and time consuming. As very limited time is available for land preparation before cultivation of next crop and there is lack of appropriate machinery to handle the enormous amount of residues of these crop, farmers in agricultural-economy based developing countries have been following the open field burning practice for managing crop residues . Moreover, it adversely affects soil fertility as well as contributes to the environment pollution. Hence, this research was carried out to provide a possible technological solution for managing heavy crop residues and address various problems causing due open field crop residue burning. In first stage different types of tillage discs were studied in the soil bin under different operating conditions and based on that analysis appropriate type of disc was identified. In second stage a powered disc harrow was developed and subsequently evaluated to check its applicability for crop residue management. Introduction Fig. 1.b: Testing in soil bin Part I – Soil – tillage disc interaction The powered harrow with spiral notched disc was revealed advantageous for the conservation tillage practice in terms of the excellent penetration, smooth tillage operation, reduced draft, improved cutting and mixing of weeds, improved soil inversion and better energy utilization. This innovation could facilitate adaption of conservational practices. Fig. 1.a: Experimental soil-bin setup (a – soil bin, b – tool carriage, c – main tool carriage frame, d – disc carrying frame, e – DEOR transducer, f – torque transducer, g – prepared test soil) f g Materials & Method Results Part II – Powered disc harrow Development & Fabrication Achievement Results Performance Evaluation Three tillage discs (Fig. 2) were studied in specially designed soil bin (Fig 1) at different disc angles and disc rotational speeds (Fig 1). Double extended octagonal ring transducer (DEOR) and torque transduces were used for forces and torque measurements (Fig 2), while soil failure pattern was observed by serial photography. Fig. 2: Types of tillage discs Powered mode of operation found to be reducing soil reactions. Soil reactions of all discs varied directly with disc angle (β). Furthermore, draft and side varied inversely, while vertical force varied directly with RPM. Empirical relations obtained for the soil reactions imposed on powered tillage disc are: a b Fig. 4: Representative soil failure pattern of (a) Free rolling disc, (b) Powered disc Powered disc harrow was evaluated in the field in comparions with its operation in free rolling mode. Soil reactions, P.T.O. torque and P.T.O. rpm were measured by the automatic instrumentation and measurement system, while travel speed, wheel slip, working depth, swath width, fuel consumption and quality of the work were measured manually. A powered disc harrow was designed based on various soil and agronomic requirements, and various design considerations (fig 5). Tillage disc in powered mode was found to be advantageous over free rolling one in terms of smooth soil displacement, easy soil volume handling and better inversions (Fig 4). Fig. 5: Powered disc harrow Fig. 7: Field performance of powered disc harrow Powered harrow handled larger soil volume, consequently resulted higher soil forces. However, reactions of powered harrow per unit of depth of observations were lower than those of the unpowered one (Fig. 6). Also, it provided better and uniform inversion of the furrow slice compared to unpowered disc harrow (Fig. 7). Deep gratitude to Protected Cultivation Project, AIT; Research and Development Institute, KU, Thailand and FEDER-UNACOMA, Italy for financial assistance. Acknowledgements: Fig. 7: Field performance of powered disc harrow D = Da x β - Dr x RPM; V = Va x β + Vr x RPM; S = Sa x β - Sr x RPM Moreover, spiral notched disc gave less draft and uniform torque compared to other discs. Where, β is disc angle, other terms are proportionality constants
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Transcript of f Performance Evaluation - Club of · PDF fileParish Nalavade Asian Institute of Technology...
Parish Nalavade Asian Institute of Technology
Email: [email protected]
Giuseppe Pellizzi International Best PhD Prize
Handling of crop residues, especially those left after harvesting crops like paddy and sugarcane found to be labor intensive and time consuming.
As very limited time is available for land preparation before cultivation of next crop and there is lack of appropriate machinery to handle the
enormous amount of residues of these crop, farmers in agricultural-economy based developing countries have been following the open field
burning practice for managing crop residues . Moreover, it adversely affects soil fertility as well as contributes to the environment pollution.
Hence, this research was carried out to provide a possible technological solution for managing heavy crop residues and address various
problems causing due open field crop residue burning. In first stage different types of tillage discs were studied in the soil bin under different
operating conditions and based on that analysis appropriate type of disc was identified. In second stage a powered disc harrow was developed
and subsequently evaluated to check its applicability for crop residue management.
Introduction
Fig. 1.b: Testing in soil bin
Part I – Soil – tillage disc interaction
The powered harrow with spiral notched disc was revealed advantageous for the conservation tillage practice in terms of the excellent penetration, smooth tillage operation, reduced draft, improved cutting and mixing of weeds, improved soil inversion and better energy utilization. This innovation could facilitate adaption of conservational practices.
Fig. 1.a: Experimental soil-bin setup
(a – soil bin, b – tool carriage, c – main tool carriage frame, d – disc carrying frame,
e – DEOR transducer, f – torque transducer, g – prepared test soil)
f
g
Materials & Method
Results
Part II – Powered disc harrow
Development & Fabrication
Achievement
Results
Performance Evaluation
Three tillage discs (Fig. 2) were studied in specially designed soil
bin (Fig 1) at different disc angles and disc rotational speeds (Fig
1). Double extended octagonal ring transducer (DEOR) and torque
transduces were used for forces and torque measurements (Fig 2),
while soil failure pattern was observed by serial photography.
Fig. 2: Types of tillage discs
Powered mode of operation found to be reducing soil reactions.
Soil reactions of all discs varied directly with disc angle (β).
Furthermore, draft and side varied inversely, while vertical force
varied directly with RPM. Empirical relations obtained for the soil
reactions imposed on powered tillage disc are:
a
b
Fig. 4: Representative soil failure pattern of (a) Free rolling disc, (b) Powered disc
Powered disc harrow was evaluated in the field in comparions with
its operation in free rolling mode. Soil reactions, P.T.O. torque and
P.T.O. rpm were measured by the automatic instrumentation and
measurement system, while travel speed, wheel slip, working
depth, swath width, fuel consumption and quality of the work were
measured manually.
A powered disc harrow was designed based on various soil and
agronomic requirements, and various design considerations (fig 5).
Tillage disc in powered mode was
found to be advantageous over free
rolling one in terms of smooth soil
displacement, easy soil volume
handling and better inversions (Fig 4).
Fig. 5: Powered disc harrow
Fig. 7: Field performance of powered disc harrow
Powered harrow handled larger soil volume, consequently resulted
higher soil forces. However, reactions of powered harrow per unit of
depth of observations were lower than those of the unpowered one
(Fig. 6). Also, it provided better and uniform inversion of the furrow
slice compared to unpowered disc harrow (Fig. 7).
Deep gratitude to Protected Cultivation Project, AIT; Research and Development Institute, KU, Thailand and FEDER-UNACOMA, Italy for financial assistance.
Acknowledgements:
Fig. 7: Field performance of powered disc harrow
D = Da x β - Dr x RPM; V = Va x β + Vr x RPM; S = Sa x β - Sr x RPM
Moreover, spiral notched disc gave less draft and uniform torque
compared to other discs.
Where, β is disc angle, other terms are proportionality constants
